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    Megakaryocytopoiesis and Platelets

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    Megakaryocytopoiesis and Platelets

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    Megakaryocytopoiesis-and-Platelets

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    10 views4 pages

    Megakaryocytopoiesis and Platelets

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    abuzoairahr

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    HEMATOLOGY 2

    MEGAKARYOCYTOPOIESIS AND PLATELETS

    Hormones and Cytokines of Megakaryocytopoiesis

     Thrombopoietin

     Induce stem cell differentiation


     Induce proliferation and platelet release
     Found in kidney, liver and smooth muscles
     Circulates in the plasma
     Recombinant TPO
    Table 13-3 Hormoones and Cytokines That Control Megakaryocytopoiesis

    Cytokine/ Differentiation to Differentiation to Late Thrombocytopoiesis Clinical Use


    Hormone Progenitors Megakaryocytes Maturation

    TPO + + + 0 Available
    IL-3 + + 0 - -
    IL-6 0 0 + + -
    IL-11 0 + + + Available

    Three Stages of Megakaryocyte Progenitors


    Cell Derived Stimulators of Megakaryocytopoiesis MEGAKARYOCYTOPOIESIS

     IL3 – for early differentiation of stem cells  Production and Development of


     IL 6 and 11 – act in the presence of TPO to Megakaryocytes
    enhance endomitosis, megakaryocyte  Bone Marrow
    maturation and platelet release.

    Megakaryoblast or MK-I stage

     Cell size: 5-50 um


     Earliest recognizable stage of maturation
     Cell is irregular in shape hast blunt
    protrusions (blebs) from its cytoplasmic
    membrane
     Nucleus occupies most of the cell volume
     Has prominent nucleoli but rarely
    marginated chromatin.
     Cytoplasmic ultrastructure
     Pro-coagulant-laden
     Alpha granules
     Dense Granules
     Demarcation System (DMS)
    Platelets IMMUNOLOGIC TEST (FLOW CYTOMETRY)

     Non-nucleated, round to oval shape, 2-4um in


    diameter.
     In times of decrease platelet compensatory
    mechanism will occur
     Platelet Distribution:
     2/3 of platelets = in circulation
     1/3 of platelets = spleen

    Promegakaryocyte or MK II stage

     Cell size: 20-80um


     Blunt protrusions are retained as well as
    ribosomes
     Number of nuclear lobes INCREASE
     Cell is capable of protein synthesis thru DMS
     Cannot be distinguished by routine
    examination.

    Megakaryocyte or MK III stage

     Cell size: 30-100um


     Cytoplasm contains numerous small
    granules, polyribosomes and mitochondria
     Nucleus is multi-lobulated and multi-
    nucleatd
     The chromatin pattern is linear and coarse
     Aggregation of granular materials in
    Endomitosis periphery of cytoplasm that represents
     It is a different form of mitosis DMS
     Lacks telophase and cytokinises  As it matures, it begins to contain all
     RUNX1 factor mediates the switch structural constituents of a mature
     Inhibits the Rho/ROCK pathways megakaryocytes
     Inadequate levels of actin and myosin
     Cytoplasmic constriction preventing
    cytokines
    Platelet shedding

     Outflowing of cytoplasm from the


    megakaryocytes.
     Megakaryocyte matures in 5 days in the bone
    marrow
     About 2,000-4,000 platelets produced per 1
    megakaryocyte.
     MGK are not normally seen in the blood stream

    Three Stages of Megakaryocyte Progenitors

     Stages
     Bfu-Meg – Least mature
     CFU-Meg
    - Diploid, participate in Normal
    mitosis
     LD – CFU Meg – able to do endomitosis

    Note: All 3 resembles lymphocyte in BM WS smear

    How to Identify? Immunologic Tests and Cytochemical


    Stains

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