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    Hematology
    Hematology
    Hematology
    Ebook56 pages1 hour

    Hematology

    By Henry

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    About this ebook

    We love providing medical professionals, nurses, and nursing students products that make their jobs or studies easier. They live to help others, so we want to help them. By popular demand, this reference guide covers an immense amount of information in 6 laminated pages that will help anyone in the medical field that works with or around the study of blood (morphology, physiology and pathology). For more, get our Pathology 1 and 2 guides, Nursing Lab Values and Lymphatic System anatomy for a set.
    6-page laminated reference guide includes:
    • Hematopoiesis/Hemopoiesis
    • Organs of the Lymphatic System
    • Blood
      • Components
      • Hemostasis
    • Blood Groups
      • ABO System
      • RH System
    • Specimen Collection
    • Laboratory Assessment of Blood Formation & Disorders
    • Abnormal Blood Cell Morphology
    • Blood Disorders (over 2 full pages)
    Suggested uses:
    • NCLEX – great for reviewing hematologic disorders leading up to the exam
    • Students – a very lightweight, inexpensive tool for boosting grades that can be slipped between your notebook pages for quick and easy answers
    • Medical Professionals – great tool to have handy for a memory jog for you or as a nursing station reference for the team
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherBarCharts, Inc.
    Release dateMay 1, 2018
    ISBN9781423237570
    Hematology

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      Book preview

      Hematology - Henry

      Table of Contents

      WHAT IS HEMATOLOGY?

      HEMATOPOIESIS/HEMOPOIESIS

      ORGANS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

      BLOOD

      SPECIMEN COLLECTION

      BLOOD GROUPS

      LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF BLOOD FORMATION & DISORDERS

      ABNORMAL BLOOD CELL MORPHOLOGY

      BLOOD DISORDERS

      WHAT IS HEMATOLOGY?

      The study (morphology, physiology, and pathology) of blood and bloodforming organs and the diseases thereof

      Uses:

      As part of a routine medical exam to assess overall health

      Diagnosis (e.g., an infection, anemia, or leukemia)

      Monitoring of a condition and its treatment

      HEMATOPOIESIS/HEMOPOIESIS

      The formation of blood cells and platelets. In a fetus, formation starts in the yolk sac, moves to the liver and spleen, and then moves to the bone marrow. In an infant, formation occurs in the bone marrow, which is present in almost all bones. In an adult, formation of red and most white blood cells and platelets occurs in the marrow of the proximal ends of the femur, pelvis, sacrum, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and skull

      Hemopoietic growth factors: Erythropoietin (EPO), FLT3 ligand (FLT3-L), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, macrophage-CSF (M-CSF), stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Effects are mediated by binding receptors on cell surfaces

      Hemopoietic stem cell: Pluripotent, rare (frequency is 1 per 20 million nucleated cells in bone marrow) CD34+CD38-Lin- phenotype. Gives rise to more than 106 mature cells after 20 cell divisions and can self-renew by asymmetric cell division

      Hemopoietic progenitor cell: Multipotent

      Erythropoiesis: Formation of red blood cells (RBCs); regulated by EPO, which is secreted by the kidneys in response to hypoxia (oxygen tension, the partial pressure of oxygen)

      Stem cell → progenitor cell → colony-forming unit (CFU) granulocyte, erythroid, monocyte, and megakaryocyte (GEMM) (CFUGEMM ) → burst-forming unit (BFU) erythroid (E) (BFUE) → CFUE → pronormoblast → series of normoblasts in marrow that decrease in size, increase in hemoglobin (Hb) content, lose RNA+ protein synthesis apparatus, and increase chromatin condensation → reticulocyte (nucleus extruded; nuclear DNA lost), which contains some ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and synthesizes Hb → mature erythrocyte (rRNA lost), which is a non-nucleated, bi-concave disc (i.e., cell-like)

      Assess by Hb level, reticulocyte count, and bone marrow exam

      Total erythropoiesis assessed by the cellularity of marrow and myeloid:erythroid ratio

      Effective erythropoiesis assessed by reticulocyte count

      Ineffective erythropoiesis: ~10–15% of erythroblasts die in bone marrow; increases in some chronic anemias; associated with increased unconjugated bilirubin (derived from the breakdown of Hb) and lactate dehydrogenase LDH (derived from breakdown of cells) in serum

      Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH): Formation and development of blood cells outside bone marrow in response to the failure of erythropoiesis in bone marrow

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