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    PG SEM II Physiology 2024

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    suman pal
    The document discusses the cell cycle and its regulation. It provides details on the different phases of the cell cycle including interphase and the M phase. Interphase is divided into G1, S, and G2 phases. M phase involves the division of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Key events in the cell cycle like DNA replication and chromosome separation are also summarized.

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    PG SEM II Physiology 2024

    Uploaded by

    suman pal
    5 views7 pages
    The document discusses the cell cycle and its regulation. It provides details on the different phases of the cell cycle including interphase and the M phase. Interphase is divided into G1, S, and G2 phases. M phase involves the division of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Key events in the cell cycle like DNA replication and chromosome separation are also summarized.

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    cell cycle

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    PG-SEM-II-Physiology-2024

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    The document discusses the cell cycle and its regulation. It provides details on the different phases of the cell cycle including interphase and the M phase. Interphase is divided into G1, S, and G2 phases. M phase involves the division of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Key events in the cell cycle like DNA replication and chromosome separation are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views7 pages

    PG SEM II Physiology 2024

    Uploaded by

    suman pal
    The document discusses the cell cycle and its regulation. It provides details on the different phases of the cell cycle including interphase and the M phase. Interphase is divided into G1, S, and G2 phases. M phase involves the division of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Key events in the cell cycle like DNA replication and chromosome separation are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    PG-SEM-II-Physiology-2024

    CELL CYCLE AND REGULATION


    Dr. Samiran Mondal
    Assistant Professor
    Rammohan College, Kolkata

    28.05.2024
    HPY-CC22- TH-P07
    Cellular & Molecular Physiology

    12071 CELLULAR ORGANIZATION, CELL TO CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING

    3. Cell division & cell cycle: Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in cell cycle, and control of cell
    cycle.
    Cancer: Genetic rearrangements in progenitor cells, oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes, cancer
    and the cell cycle, virus-induced cancer, metastasis, interaction.

    4. Cell signalling: Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signalling through G-protein
    coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, second messengers, regulation of signalling
    pathways, bacterial and plant two-component signalling systems, bacterial chemotaxis and quorum
    sensing.

    5. Cellular communication: general principles of cell communication, cell adhesion and roles of
    different adhesion molecules, gap junctions, extracellular matrix, integrins, neurotransmission and its
    regulation. 12072 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1. Genetic Element and its evolution
    CELL CYCLE
    Cell cycle refers to the series of events that take place in a cell, resulting in the duplication of DNA and
    division of cytoplasm and organelles to produce two daughter cells

     Very important processes in all living organisms


     During the cell division, DNA replication and cell growth takes place
     The sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its genome, synthesizes the other constituents
    of the cell and eventually divides into two daughter cells is termed as cell cycle
     Rundolf Virchow suggested “omnis cellula e cellula” means every cell is derived from pre-existing
    cells.
     The duration of the cell cycle varies greatly from one cell type to another cell

    A single-celled yeast: divide every 90-120 mins


    Mammalian liver cell: less than once a year
    Muscle cells, nerve cells and RBC: do not divide
    CENTROMERE AND KINETOCHORE
    Centromere
     Constriction region that divide the chromosome into two chromatids
     It is the site for kinetochore assembly
    Kinetochore
     Site of assembly and disassembly of microtubules
     Made of multiple proteins (histones like CENP-A)
     Kinetochore involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

    What is the difference between chromatin fibre and chromosome?

    Chromatin
    DNA coiled around histone protein
    Chromatid
    One half of a duplicated chromosome
    Chromosome
    Are two chromatids together, made of
    condensed chromatin
    CELL DIVISION

    CELL DIVISION IN PROKARYOTES

    CELL DIVISION IN EUKARYOTES


    Divided into two main phases:
    1. INTERPHASE
    2. M PHASE
    INTERPHASE
     Long, metabolically active phase between two successive mitotic cell division
     95% of the cell cycle is spent in interphase
     G1 Phase
     The period between the end of M phase and the start of DNA replication
     Metabolically active and continuously grows
     Increase in cell size
     S Phase
     Synthesis phase
     DNA replication takes place
     DNA per cell divides from 2C to 4C but the number of chromosome remains same i.e. 2N
     In animals, centriole also divides in cytoplasm but not in plants due to the absence of centriole
     G2 Phase
     Gap between DNA replication and the initiation of M phase
     Synthesis of proteins required for the synthesis of spindle fibres takes place
     Cell growth continues
     ATP synthesis increases
     G0 Phase
     Quiescent stage or inactive stage
     Metabolically active but do not proliferate
     Reversible or irreversible
    M PHASE
     Mitotic phase
     Short phase
     Karyokinesis (division of nucleus)
    Cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm)
     After M Phase the cell may enter interphase to repeat the cell division or G0 phase to arrest the cell cycle

     The microtubules of the mitotic spindle separate the chromosomes


     specify the position of the actomyosin contractile ring

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