Iso 20140-1-2013

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20140-1
First edition
2013-05-01
Automation systems and

integration — Evaluating energy
efficiency and other factors of
manufacturing systems that influence
the environment —
Part 1:
Overview and general principles
Systèmes d’automatisation et intégration — Évaluation de l’efficacité
énergétique et autres facteurs de fabrication des systèmes qui
influencent l’environnement —
Partie 1: Aperçu et principes généraux
Reference number
ISO 20140-1:2013(E)
© ISO 2013
ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

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© ISO 2013
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ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Contents Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms................................................................................................................................. 1
3.1 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................................................................ 2
3.2 Abbreviated terms................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
4 Manufacturing system and its environmental influence evaluation............................................................... 7
4.1 Product life cycle and manufacturing system life history................................................................................... 7
4.2 Manufacturing system hierarchical structure............................................................................................................ 10
4.3 Environmental influence evaluation.................................................................................................................................. 11
5 Evaluation method of environmental influence................................................................................................................11
5.1 Methodology of environmental influence evaluation.......................................................................................... 11
5.2 Unit process of manufacturing process........................................................................................................................... 12
5.3 Environmental influence.............................................................................................................................................................. 14
5.4 Environmental index evaluation........................................................................................................................................... 14
6 Evaluation process of environmental influence................................................................................................................15
6.1 Evaluation process of environmental index................................................................................................................ 15
6.2 Aggregation process of environmental influence................................................................................................... 16
6.3 Allocation/charge process of indirect/CRR influence........................................................................................ 16
7 Data for environmental influence evaluation......................................................................................................................17
7.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
7.2 Data categories for environmental influence evaluation................................................................................. 17
7.3 Actual data in operation step.................................................................................................................................................... 18
7.4 Actual data in construction/reconfiguration and retirement step.......................................................... 18
7.5 Reference data....................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
7.6 Environmental characteristics data (ECD)................................................................................................................... 19
7.7 Existing data standards................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Annex A (informative) Activity model of manufacturing system life history and its
environmental influence............................................................................................................................................................................20
Annex B (informative) Responsibility of organization with regard to environmental influence.......29
Annex C (informative) Use cases of ISO 20140.........................................................................................................................................31
Annex D (informative) Input to/output from unit process.........................................................................................................33
Annex E (informative) Conformance classes of ISO 20140..........................................................................................................34
Annex F (informative) Structure of ISO 20140.........................................................................................................................................36
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 42
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved iii

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 5, Interoperability, integration, and architectures for enterprise systems and automation
applications.
ISO 20140 consists of the following parts, under the general title Automation systems and integration —
Evaluating energy efficiency and other factors of manufacturing systems that influence the environment:
— Part 1: Overview and general principles
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 2: Environmental index evaluation process
— Part 3: Environmental influence aggregation process
— Part 4: Allocation/charge process of indirect influence/construction, reconfiguration and retirement
(CRR) influence
— Part 5: Environmental influence evaluation data
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Introduction
This part of ISO 20140 establishes an overview and general principles of a method for the assessment of
environmental influence of manufacturing systems.
ISO 20140 specifies a method for evaluating the energy efficiency of a manufacturing system and other
factors, e.g. energy consumption, waste and release, etc., that influence the environment. The evaluation
method provides guidelines to analyse the usage of energy by the manufacturing system and the effects
of the manufacturing system on the environment. ISO 20140 systematically evaluates the environmental
influence through analysing the manufacturing activities and the manufacturing system.
ISO 20140 is intended for discrete products/parts manufacturing systems, such as those used in forming,
machining, painting, assembling, testing and other manufacturing processes in the production of aircraft,
automobile, electric appliances, machine tools and their components, and other similar products.
The focused application domain of ISO 20140 is a manufacturing system that consists of the hierarchical
structure built from individual manufacturing equipment, i.e. a work unit, a work centre, an area, and
a factory. ISO 20140 provides evaluation methods for the influence on the environment, resulting from
different manufacturing system configurations and from improvements of production management and
individual manufacturing equipment operations.
The evaluation method and underlying concept of ISO 20140 can also be used as the foundation for the
environmental influence evaluation for continuous processes and/or batch processes.
ISO 20140 can be used for:
— benchmarking of environmental influence with a generic manufacturing system or between
different manufacturing systems for producing the same product,
— alternative studies of environmental influence for improving a current manufacturing process,
reconfiguring a current manufacturing system/equipment, and designing a new manufacturing system,
— setting the top level target of environmental improvement and the breakdown to intermediate
systems, work units and individual manufacturing equipment, and
— improving the shop floor operations by visualizing the actual status of environmental influence.
Expected users of ISO 20140 are:
a) managers for environmental conditions in a factory, site and enterprise;
b) engineers for process planning of products;
c) planners and designers for manufacturing systems; and
d) engineers and foremen that produce products by operating a manufacturing system.
The structure of ISO 20140 and the relationships between parts are outlined in Annex F.
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved v

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20140-1:2013(E)
Automation systems and integration — Evaluating energy

efficiency and other factors of manufacturing systems that
influence the environment —
Part 1:
1 Scope
This part of ISO 20140 establishes an overview and general principles of a method for the assessment of
environmental influence of manufacturing systems.
ISO 20140 specifies for the discrete products/parts manufacturing sectors a common foundation and
methodology for energy efficiency and other factors of environmental influence evaluation, which
enables sector specific methods to be applied in characteristic situations.
ISO 20140 enables an assessment to be made of the environmental influence of manufacturing processes,
which can be used either to seek an overall reduction in negative influence or an increase in positive results.
The evaluation method of ISO 20140 is applicable to the environmental influence of a manufacturing
system which consists of individual manufacturing equipment, and which is configured as a work unit,
a work centre, an area or a factory.
ISO 20140 specifies the requirements for the environmental influence data to be captured from the
individual manufacturing equipment, as the most granular data for aggregating along the manufacturing
system hierarchy.
NOTE The evaluation method and underlying concept of ISO 20140 can be used as the foundation for the
environmental influence evaluation for a continuous process and/or a batch process, in common with a discrete
products/parts manufacturing process.
The following are outside the scope of ISO 20140:

— the environmental influence evaluation methodology of systems outside the manufacturing system
boundaries (e.g. other systems of the same site or other systems of the entire enterprise);
— the environmental influence evaluation methodology to handle the complete product life cycle;
— the method and data for environmental evaluation which are specific to a particular industry sector,
manufacturer, or machinery.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document
and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 1

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

3.1 Terms and definitions

3.1.1
actual production time
APT
time during a work unit (3.1.46) production, which includes only the value adding functions
Note 1 to entry: Actual production time is described in ISO 22400‑2:—1), 5.1.3.6.
3.1.2
area
physical, geographical or logical grouping of resource (3.1.39) determined by the site (3.1.41)
EXAMPLE It can contain process cells, production units, production lines, and storage zones.
[SOURCE: IEC 62264‑1:—2), 3.1.1]

3.1.3
construction, reconfiguration and retirement influence
CRR influence
environmental influence (3.1.14) of a manufacturing system at its life history steps of construction/
reconfiguration and retirement
3.1.4
direct influence
environmental influence (3.1.14) resulting from actual product production by direct operation (3.1.5) of
manufacturing equipment (3.1.29)
3.1.5
direct operation
mode of manufacturing equipment (3.1.29) which performs value adding functions in actual product
production
3.1.6
energy
electricity, fuels, steam, heat, compressed air, and other like media
[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.5, modified — Notes have been deleted.]
3.1.7
energy efficiency
ratio or other quantitative relationship between an output of performance, service, goods or energy
(3.1.6), and an input of energy
EXAMPLE Conversion efficiency; energy required/energy used; output/input; theoretical energy used to
operate/energy used to operate.
[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.8, modified — Note has been deleted.]

3.1.8
enterprise
one or more organizations sharing a definite mission, goals, and objectives to offer an output such as a
product or service
[SOURCE: ISO 15704:2000, 3.6]
1) To be published.
2) To be published. (Revision of IEC 62264-1:2003)
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

3.1.9
environment
surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora,
fauna, humans, and their interrelation
3.1.10
environmental aspect
element of an organization’s activities or products or services that can interrelate with the
environment (3.1.9)
3.1.11
environmental characteristics data
ECD
characteristics and/or performance specifications related to environmental aspect (3.1.10), both
acquired by measurement and declared by the equipment suppliers
3.1.12
environmental impact
any change to the environment (3.1.9), whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from
an organization’s environmental aspects (3.1.10)
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2004, 3.7]
3.1.13
environmental index
value that represents environmental efficiency and/or environmental influence related performance or
characteristics
3.1.14
environmental influence
changes to the environment (3.1.9), whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from a
manufacturing system’s environmental aspects (3.1.10)
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2004, 3.7, modified — “Environmental impact”, “any change” and “organization”
have been replaced by “environmental influence”, “changes” and “manufacturing system”.]
3.1.15
environmental influence footprint
sum of environmental influence (3.1.14) of a manufacturing system component as a product (3.1.35), used in
the construction and reconfiguration step of a manufacturing system, based on a life cycle assessment (3.1.22)
3.1.16
factory
identified physical, geographical and/or logical component within a site (3.1.41), which is an organization
with resource (3.1.39) for manufacturing products or providing services, and which is controlled by and
reports to a business unit of a manufacturing enterprise (3.1.8)
Note 1 to entry: At least one factory is located within a site.
Note 2 to entry: A factory is the highest entity of a manufacturing system within a site.
3.1.17
indirect influence
environmental influence (3.1.14) resulting from activities that support actual product production by
direct operation (3.1.5) of manufacturing equipment (3.1.29), in indirect mode (3.1.18) of manufacturing
equipment and operation and maintenance of the manufacturing support system (3.1.30)

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

3.1.18
indirect mode
mode of manufacturing equipment (3.1.29) to support its direct operation (3.1.5)
EXAMPLE Idle/standby mode and maintenance.
3.1.19
input
material or energy flow that enters a unit process (3.1.42)
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.21, modified — “Product” has been removed from definition, and Note has
been deleted.]
3.1.20
life cycle
<manufacturing system> finite set of generic phases and steps a system may go through over its entire
life history (3.1.28)
[SOURCE: ISO 15704:2000, 3.11, modified — Concept domain has been added.]
3.1.21
life cycle
<product> consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or
generation from natural resources to final disposal
3.1.22
life cycle assessment
LCA
<manufacturing system> compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential
environmental influence (3.1.14) of a manufacturing system throughout its life cycle (3.1.20)
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.2, modified — “Environmental impact” and “product system” have been
replaced by “environmental influence” and “manufacturing system”, and concept domain has been added.]
3.1.23
life cycle assessment
LCA
<product> compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts
(3.1.12) of a product system throughout its life cycle (3.1.21)
3.1.24
life cycle impact assessment
LCIA
phase of life cycle assessment (3.1.23) aimed at understanding and evaluating the magnitude and
significance of the potential environmental impacts (3.1.12) for a product system throughout the life
cycle (3.1.21) of the product
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.4]
3.1.25
life cycle influence assessment
phase of life cycle assessment (3.1.22) aimed at understanding and evaluating the magnitude and
significance of the potential environmental influence (3.1.14) for a manufacturing system throughout the
life cycle (3.1.20) of the manufacturing system
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.4, modified — “Impact” and “product system” and “product” have been
replaced by “influence” and “manufacturing system”.]

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

3.1.26
life cycle inventory analysis
<manufacturing system> phase of life cycle assessment (3.1.22) involving the compilation and
quantification of inputs and outputs for a manufacturing system throughout its life cycle (3.1.20)
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.3, modified — “Product” has been replaced by “manufacturing system”,
and concept domain has been added.]
3.1.27
life cycle inventory analysis
<product> phase of life cycle assessment (3.1.23) involving the compilation and quantification of inputs
and outputs for a product throughout its life cycle (3.1.21)
3.1.28
life history
actual sequence of steps a system has gone through during its lifetime
[SOURCE: ISO 15704:2000, 3.12]
3.1.29
manufacturing equipment
equipment which is operated for directly producing a product, in a manufacturing process
3.1.30
manufacturing support system
system which is used for providing the necessary other resource (3.1.32) to a manufacturing system
3.1.31
material
primary or secondary material, or intermediate product, that is used to produce a product
Note 1 to entry: Secondary material includes recycled material.
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, definition 3.15, modified — “Raw material” has been replaced by “material”
as the term, and “intermediate product” has been added to the definition.]
3.1.32
other resource
input (3.1.19) other than the material (3.1.31)
EXAMPLE Energy (3.1.6); coolant and lubricant; air conditioning and lighting.
Note 1 to entry: The term “other resource” is used in order to distinguish it from such resources (3.1.39) of a
manufacturing system as manufacturing equipment (3.1.29) and manufacturing support system (3.1.30).
3.1.33
output
product (3.1.35), material or energy flow that leaves a unit process (3.1.42)
Note 1 to entry: Products and materials include raw materials, intermediate products, co-products and releases.
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.25]

3.1.34
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities that transforms inputs (3.1.19) to outputs (3.1.33)
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.11]

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

3.1.35
product
any goods or service
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.9, modified — Notes have been deleted.]
3.1.36
production line
collection of equipment dedicated to the manufacture of a specific number of products or product families
Note 1 to entry: A production line is a type of work centre.
[SOURCE: IEC 62264‑1:—, 3.1.32]

3.1.37
release
emissions to air and discharges to water and soil
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.30]
3.1.38
residual CRR influence
CRR influence (3.1.3) of a manufacturing system and its components, which is still residual after offset
through the specific term of CRR influence charge/offset process and/or at the time of retirement
3.1.39
resource
enterprise entity that provides some or all of the capabilities required by the execution of an enterprise
(3.1.8) activity and/or business process
[SOURCE: ISO 15704:2000, 3.18]
3.1.40
reusable material
material (3.1.31) remaining after a manufacturing process which can be reused or recycled
EXAMPLE Chips as removed materials after machining; removed material after die casting.
3.1.41
site
identified physical, geographical, and/or logical component grouping of a manufacturing enterprise (3.1.8)
[SOURCE: IEC 62264‑1:—, 3.1.39]
3.1.42
unit process
most detailed activity element of a process (3.1.34) considered in the environmental influence (3.1.14)
evaluation for which input and output data are quantified
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.34, modified — “Smallest element” and “life cycle inventory analysis” have
been replaced by “most detailed activity element of a process” and “environmental influence evaluation”.]
3.1.43
waste
substances or objects which the holder intends or is required to dispose of

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

3.1.44
work cell
equipment grouped together to produce a family of parts having similar manufacturing requirements
within a production line
Note 1 to entry: A work cell is a type of work unit.
[SOURCE: IEC 62264‑1:—, 3.1.43]

3.1.45
work centre
equipment element under an area (3.1.2) in a role-based equipment hierarchy that performs production,
storage, material movement, or any other Level 3 or Level 4 scheduled activity
[SOURCE: IEC 62264‑1:—, 3.1.44]
3.1.46
work unit
equipment element under a work centre (3.1.45) in a role-based equipment hierarchy that performs
production, storage, material movement, or any other Level 3 or Level 4 scheduled activity
Note 1 to entry: A work unit is the most detailed collection of manufacturing equipment of a manufacturing system
considered in the environmental influence (3.1.14) evaluation for which input and output data are quantified.
[SOURCE: IEC 62264‑1:—, 3.1.45, modified — “Note 1 to entry” has been added.]
3.2 Abbreviated terms

APT Actual Production Time
CRR Construction, Reconfiguration and Retirement (of a manufacturing system)
ECD Environmental Characteristics Data
LCA Life Cycle Assessment
4 Manufacturing system and its environmental influence evaluation
4.1 Product life cycle and manufacturing system life history
4.1.1 Product life cycle and manufacturing system life cycle
The manufacturing process for producing a product is positioned at the intersection of the product
life cycle, the manufacturing system life cycle and the business process, as illustrated in Figure 1. The
product life cycle and the manufacturing system life cycle have common life cycle stages and phases,
respectively, of design, production, operation and support, and retirement.
The product production at a factory may change depending on the change of product quantity and/or
product mix corresponding to a customer order change, starting a new production of a newly designed
or design changed product, and a manufacturing system configuration change.
The manufacturing system environmental influence at a factory may change depending on the product
production changes, and changes in process plans for producing a product, and the manufacturing
execution control, for improving the environmental influences.

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Product life cycle

Product
design
Product
Manufacturing retirement
Business Process process
Product Product
Customer Production operation/
order order production
support
receive release
enabled by
Manufacturing
system
operation/
support
Manufacturing
system Manufacturing
production system/
component
Manufacturing retirement
system
design
Manufacturing system life cycle
Figure 1 — Product life cycle and manufacturing system life cycle
4.1.2 Manufacturing system life history for its environmental influence evaluation
An environmental evaluation of a manufacturing system shall consider the whole life history steps of the
system in addition to its operation step where actual production is executed, as illustrated in Figure 2.

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Manufacturing
process & system
Product life cycle
Product
Manufacturing Product
Material Product operation/
process retirement
support
Enabled by
Reusable
material
Other resource Manufacturing
& energy
for equipment
direct operation direct operation
Waste &
e.g. release
energy,
coolant,
lubricant Manufacturing
Manufacturing system
equipment
in indirect mode life history
Manufacturing
support system
Manufacturing Manufacturing
system system/
construction/ component
reconiguration retirement
Line types for : : Direct inluence, : Indirect inluence, : CRR inluence.

boxes & arrows
Figure 2 — Product life cycle and manufacturing system life history
Material and other resources, as the input to the manufacturing process that influences the environment,
and product, reusable material and energy, and waste and release, as the output from the manufacturing
process that influences the environment, are identified in Figure 2.
NOTE 1 Neither the product design stages nor the manufacturing system design phases (identified in Figure 1)
are identified in Figure 2, because both product design and manufacturing system design are the given conditions
for the environmental influence evaluation of a manufacturing system for actual product production for realizing
the customer order under the business process.
NOTE 2 The life history concept is designed to identify the representation in time of activities, carried out
through the life history with iterative nature, specified in ISO 15704:2000, 4.2.9 and explained in ISO 15704:2000,
A.3.1.3.3, in relation to the life cycle specified in ISO 15704:2000, 4.2.8.
For environmental influence evaluation, every step of the life history of a manufacturing system shall be
identified and its actual environmental influence data shall be acquired.
The life history steps of a manufacturing system for which significant environmental influences occur are:
— construction/reconfiguration,
— operation, and
— retirement.

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

The operation step of a manufacturing system is comprised of the direct operation mode and indirect
mode of the manufacturing equipment, e.g. idle/standby mode and maintenance, and operation and
maintenance of the manufacturing support system. The manufacturing system retirement step includes
reuse, recycling and disposal of system components.
NOTE 3 The activities across the life history of a manufacturing system in relation to environmental influence
are studied in Annex A.
4.2 Manufacturing system hierarchical structure

The manufacturing system is composed of a hierarchical structure of individual manufacturing
equipment, placed into work units (work cells), aggregating through the work centre (production line)
and areas to a factory as the largest extent of aggregation at the top node, as illustrated in Figure 3.
Site
Factory Manufacturing system

Level 4 Level 4
Level 3 Level 3
Area
Work centre
(Production line)
Work unit
(Work cell)
Manufacturing
support system
Level 2 Level 2
Manufacturing Manufacturing
equipment support equipment
Figure 3 — Manufacturing system hierarchical structure
NOTE 1 The manufacturing system hierarchy, illustrated in Figure 3, is consistent with the role-based
equipment hierarchy specified in IEC 62264-1:—, 5.3, except that factory is identified under the site. Level n in
Figure 3 represents the corresponding Level n of the functional hierarchy level specified in IEC 62264-1:—, 5.2.1.
NOTE 2 The production line or work cell (shown in parentheses) represents a type of work centre or work unit,
respectively, for discrete production.
NOTE 3 ISO 20140 focuses on Level 3, with the interface to Level 2 and Level 4. It acquires actual data from
Level 2, receives production planning data from Level 4, and reports environmental index, as the result of
environmental influence evaluation, to Level 4 (see Clauses F.4 to F.6).

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

4.3 Environmental influence evaluation

The environmental influence during the manufacturing system construction/reconfiguration, operation
and retirement steps shall be evaluated by applying the standardized life cycle assessment (LCA)
method, as specified in ISO 14040. For this evaluation, the manufacturing system is considered as the
target product for the analysis by the LCA method.
An appropriate application of the LCA method shall carefully consider the characteristics of the
manufacturing system and its life history. The following aspects are essential for a careful manufacturing
system evaluation:
— the environmental influence shall consider evaluation for the whole manufacturing system life
history, as shown in Figure 2;
— the environmental influence shall be evaluated corresponding to the different system operation
modes, as explained in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2;
— the functional unit of the evaluation by the LCA method shall be determined with respect to
output products of the manufacturing system, and shall be a basis for the system value evaluation
discussed in 5.4.2.
A manufacturing system consists of relatively complicated system equipment, which is used for
a long time and performs in various modalities: in mass production, variable products/variable
volume production, and small volume/one-piece production. Depending on these characteristics of
the manufacturing system, the environmental influence during system operation is very important.
Therefore an influence evaluation at the operation step is mandatory, and influence evaluation at the
construction/reconfiguration and retirement steps are optional. The importance of environmental
influence during respective manufacturing system life history steps could vary according to the
objectives of the evaluation and the characteristics of the manufacturing system concerned. In situations
where manufacturing technology is mature and the manufacturing system is used for a long period,
an operation step has greater importance. In situations where the manufacturing system is frequently
constructed or re-configured due to rapid technology innovation and market changes, the retirement
and construction/reconfiguration steps become more important.
5 Evaluation method of environmental influence
5.1 Methodology of environmental influence evaluation

The methodology of the environmental influence evaluation of ISO 20140 shall consist of methods for:
— collecting and organizing environmental influence data from the resource hierarchy for a
manufacturing system;
— evaluating the contributions across various operation modes (direct operation, idle/standby mode
and maintenance) of manufacturing equipment to the overall influence from the various steps in a life
history of a manufacturing system, i.e. from construction/ reconfiguration, via operation, to retirement;
— ensuring the consistency between each view summary of the manufacturing system view and the
output product view.
Individual manufacturing equipment data shall be able to:
a) represent every mode of individual manufacturing equipment activity, e.g. normal operation, idle/
standby mode and maintenance;
b) use interchangeably actual environmental performance acquired from the manufacturing system
and environmental characteristics data (ECD) of manufacturing system component suppliers.

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

5.2 Unit process of manufacturing process
5.2.1 Process approach and system boundary of a process
For system environmental influence evaluation, a manufacturing system boundary shall be clearly
determined. The basic object for evaluation is a process. A process can be determined at different scales or
granularity, e.g. individual manufacturing equipment, a work unit (work cell), a work centre (production
line), an area or a factory, depending on the evaluation objectives. Appropriate definitions of processes in
respective expert domains shall be referenced. By combining the input and output of several processes,
an aggregate process can be determined as a target for environmental influence evaluation.
For an environmental influence evaluation, the constituents of a process shall be the activities decomposed
to a granularity which is sufficient for a requested accuracy of the evaluation. These constituents are
unit processes in the standardized LCA method, as specified by ISO 14040, and can consist of activities
that combine several work units (work cells) or a unit process can correspond to an activity of one work
unit (work cell). The system boundary encapsulates these unit processes and externalizes their input
and output, as illustrated in Figure 4.
Indirect inluence CRR inluence
Manufacturing
Manufacturing construction,
equipment
support system reconiguration &
in indirect mode
retirement
Manufacturing
Other resource Other resource system component
Other resource
System boundary
of unit process
Material Manufacturing Product
process
Direct inluence
Work piece enabled by Work piece Reusable

in process in process material
Other resource Manufacturing & energy
for equipment
direct operation direct operation Waste &
release
e.g. energy,
coolant,
lubricant
Waste & release Waste & release Reusable/recyclable/

disposed
manufacturing
system component
Waste & release
Line types for : : Direct inluence, : Indirect inluence, : CRR inluence.

boxes & arrows
Figure 4 — Unit process model
NOTE 1 The responsibility of the organizational role with regard to environmental influence, in relation to the
activities across the life history of a manufacturing system, is studied in Annex B.
NOTE 2 Examples of cases for environmental evaluation are shown in Annex C.

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

5.2.2 Unit process input and output
5.2.2.1 Input and output influence classification
Each input and output across the system boundary of the unit process concerned shall be enumerated
and evaluated for environmental influence through the manufacturing system life history steps,
as appropriate to the evaluation purpose, and shall be classified into one or more categories: direct
influence, indirect influence and CRR influence.
Illustrated in Figure 4 are sources of influence resulting from input to and output from a unit process.
These influences are divided into direct influence, indirect influence and CRR influence, with the former
shown on the horizontal axis and the latter two on the vertical axis. The direct influence is associated
with actual product production by direct operation mode of manufacturing equipment, which perform
value adding functions. The indirect influence is associated with supporting product production by
the manufacturing equipment direct operation, e.g. indirect mode of manufacturing equipment and
maintenance and operation of manufacturing support systems. The CRR influence is associated with the
long term influences due to construction, reconfiguration and retirement of the manufacturing system.
NOTE 1 Input to/output from unit process, explained in 5.2.2.2 to 5.2.2.4, are summarized in Annex D.
NOTE 2 The time models specified in ISO 22400-2:—, Clause 5, provide one means for distinguishing direct
operation from indirect mode of manufacturing equipment or indirect process activities within a work unit.
5.2.2.2 Direct influence
Input and output in the horizontal direction of Figure 4 are used/consumed by direct operation mode of
manufacturing equipment, which performs value adding functions, and/or are contained in the output
products. The input shall include material and other resource, and the output shall include product,
reusable material and energy, waste and release. Material shall consist of raw material and parts for
product production. Other resource for direct operation shall consist of energy and other consumed
resources for product production, e.g. coolant, lubricant. Product represents the target products for the
manufacturing system. Reusable material and energy, and waste shall consist of all input which is not
contained in the target products and release represents all releases to the environment.
Work piece in process shall consist of all existing work pieces within the boundary of the target unit
process, for a specified interval of time. Evaluation shall be performed for a specified time interval, such
as a month or a year. Some input could be instantly processed and output is generated. Some input stays
within a system boundary and could be used after some amount of time. In some cases, input material
stays within a system boundary, without any direct output, during the evaluation interval. Similarly,
output could be generated without any direct input.
5.2.2.3 Indirect influence
In the vertical direction of Figure 4, the left and centre input and output pairs represent indirect
influence in support of manufacturing equipment direct operation. These pairs identify manufacturing
equipment in indirect mode, which may include idle/standby mode and maintenance, and operation
and maintenance of manufacturing support systems, e.g. power distribution systems, on-site power
generation, oil/water/chemicals/gas/air supply/ treatment systems, lighting and air conditioning. The
output includes waste and release.
5.2.2.4 CRR influence
The right side input/output pair in the vertical direction represents CRR influence that occurs
in long time intervals. CRR influence is comprised of input to/output from manufacturing
system construction/reconfiguration and retirement step. Input to the manufacturing system
construction/reconfiguration step contains manufacturing system components, carrying the
environmental influence footprint of the used system components and/or residual CRR influence of
the reused system components, and used other resources. Output from the manufacturing system

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

retirement step contains residual CRR influence of the reusable, recyclable and/or disposed system
components, and waste and release.
5.2.3 Consistent process approach throughout manufacturing system hierarchy
Those items specified for a unit process in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2, e.g. requirements for clear cut system boundary,
identification of input to/output from a process, and the environmental influence classification of direct
influence, indirect influence and CRR influence, shall be addressed consistently throughout every level
of the environmental evaluation of the hierarchical structure from a work unit (work cell) to the entire
manufacturing system being evaluated.
5.3 Environmental influence

By considering all of the other resource crossing the system boundary, system environmental influence,
iE, due to the manufacturing system is evaluated by summing the environmental influence from all unit
process inputs and outputs, as follows:
iE = ∑
unit process
iD + ∑
unit process
iI + ∑
unit process
iCRR (1)
where
iE is environmental influence;
iD is direct influence;
iI is indirect influence;
iCRR is CRR influence.
5.4 Environmental index evaluation
5.4.1 Environmental efficiency
The concept of environmental efficiency, eE, expressed as a function F of system value and system
environmental influence shall be used as an index for environmental evaluation, as follows:
eE = F ( vS , iS ) (2)
where
eE is environmental efficiency;
vS is system value;
iS is system environmental influence.
Based on this concept, appropriate functions F are elaborated by considering evaluation objectives,
production conditions and associated environmental influences. System value and system environmental
influence are measured by different units. For environmental efficiency evaluation, a reference system
is set up. A relative value of index values of a target system and a reference system is a valid evaluation
for environmental efficiency.

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

The explicit definition of a function F depends on respective use cases given in ISO 20140-2. For example,
one of the definitions is given as follows:
vS
eE = (3)
iS
where system value is determined as a useful physical output or added value from manufacturing system
operations, and environmental influence is calculated based on system inventory data throughout the
manufacturing system’s life history by applying the method of LCA, specified in ISO 14040. Because
system value and system environmental influence are calculated on different measures, the ratio of the
target system environmental efficiency and the reference system environmental efficiency should be
valid for evaluation.
5.4.2 System value
The system value and a method for its calculation shall be explicitly specified.
NOTE 1 ISO 20140-2 provides several means for determining system value.
EXAMPLE 1 System value could be product price, product quality and features, production volume, production
lead time, and many other suitable definitions.
NOTE 2 Ideally, useful physical output or added value expresses system value. System parameters, e.g. system
availability, material usage rate (yield), are related to system value, and are likely candidates for evaluation with
respect to system environmental influence.
Useful system output directly related to system value shall be separated from other inventory data.
NOTE 3 This separation permits the itemization and differentiation of data, and facilitates quantifying the
environmental improvement of a manufacturing system.
EXAMPLE 2 Reusable material and energy, waste and release from production processes are treated separately
from the target products.
5.4.3 Basement data for life cycle inventory analysis/life cycle influence assessment
The environmental evaluation process, specified by ISO 20140-2, shall represent the basement data for
life cycle inventory analysis and/or life cycle influence assessment of a manufacturing system and life
cycle impact assessment of their output product, and/or all over their site and/or entire enterprise.
EXAMPLE Requirements and/or guidelines for that analysis and assessment are specified and/or given by
the standards for:
— life cycle assessment, greenhouse gases, carbon footprint and material flow cost accounting, developed by
ISO/TC 207 (see References [3], [5], [8], [9], [10] and [6]);
— energy management systems, developed by ISO/TC 242 (see Reference [11]);
— product and/or product system design, developed by ISO/TC 207 and IEC/TC 111 (see References [2], [4],
[7] and [12]).
6 Evaluation process of environmental influence
6.1 Evaluation process of environmental index

The method for evaluating an environmental index for a manufacturing process shall be applicable at
every process level and provide a consistent summary mechanism for the manufacturing system and/or
product (group) concerned.
The process for evaluating the environmental index of a manufacturing process shall be capable of
evaluating at any level of the manufacturing system concerned and/or product (group) concerned, the

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

summary of them shall be consistent, and the evaluations and the results of the evaluations should be
associative and commutative.
NOTE A process model for specifying the method for the evaluation of environmental index, specifying
environmental efficiency and system value, is specified by ISO 20140-2 (see Clause F.4).
6.2 Aggregation process of environmental influence

The environmental influence evaluation shall acquire data from individual manufacturing equipment
within work units (work cell) and aggregate those data at the level of a unit process. Aggregation along
the hierarchical structure of the manufacturing system up to a factory level shall follow.
NOTE A process model for environmental influence aggregation is given in ISO 20140-3 (see Clause F.5).
6.3 Allocation/charge process of indirect/CRR influence
6.3.1 Allocation/charge method of indirect/CRR influence
The environmental influence evaluation method shall be capable of ensuring the consistency of each
view summary of the manufacturing system view and the product view, by allocating the indirect
influence and charging CRR influence onto the proper direct influence element.
NOTE 1 The process model, for specifying the method for the evaluation of indirect influence and/or CRR
influence, and for the allocation of indirect influence and/or for the charge of CRR influence onto the proper direct
influence element, is given in ISO 20140-4 (see Clause F.6).
NOTE 2 The knowledge and best practice of cost accounting can be applied to ISO 20140-4, with respect to
measuring and evaluation of indirect influence and CRR influence, and to planning, calculating and offsetting of
allocation of indirect influence and/or charge of CRR influence onto the proper direct influence element.
Residual CRR influence shall be re-evaluated by following the offset result at the end of specific term of
CRR influence charge/offset process.
6.3.2 LCA method for CRR influence
The manufacturing system construction/reconfiguration influence, out of CRR influence, shall be

evaluated by LCA method, e.g. specified in ISO 14040, considering that the constructed/reconfigured
manufacturing system and its components are treated as a target product for the analysis by the LCA
method. Examples of CRR influence in construction/reconfiguration step, on which the LCA method
shall be applied, are the environmental influence footprint of the used system components and the
residual CRR influence of the reused system components.
The same consideration shall be applied for the manufacturing system retirement environmental
influence, out of the CRR influence, to derive the environmental influence by that process. An example
of CRR influence in the retirement step, on which LCA method shall be applied, is the residual CRR
influence of the reusable, recyclable and disposed system components.
6.3.3 End of life consideration
At the time of the retirement of obsolete system components of a manufacturing system, if the
system components are still active, or have some production capacity, and could be reused for other
manufacturing systems, residual CRR influence corresponding to this remaining capacity can be
removed from the manufacturing system evaluation if it was previously included. If the retired system
component is effectively reused for another purpose, then the corresponding part of the residual CRR
influence of the retired system component shall be subtracted from the residual CRR influence of the
original manufacturing system, and shall be carried by each system component and succeeded to the
next manufacturing system. In the case of system component retirement without reuse, the residual
CRR influence/system value of the retirement system component from its current status until the
complete expenditure of its capacity shall be subtracted from the residual CRR influence/system value

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

of the manufacturing system. No generally accepted procedure for active system or system component
retirement exists, therefore it shall be explicitly specified.
7 Data for environmental influence evaluation
7.1 General
To perform an environmental influence evaluation of a manufacturing system, information concerning
manufacturing activities is necessary. By clearly defining these information data items, it is possible to
perform unambiguous environmental influence evaluation.
NOTE 1 The details of such data items, their data format and the requirements for data acquisition are specified
in ISO 20140-5.
NOTE 2 ISO 20140 can be applied in many versatile use cases, for various purposes and various concerns or
views, for environmental influence evaluation. This part of ISO 20140 specifies conformance classes, for providing
common guidelines for data classification (see Annex E).
7.2 Data categories for environmental influence evaluation
7.2.1 General
Data categories required for environmental evaluation by capturing actual data, aggregating
environmental influence along with hierarchical structure of a manufacturing system and
allocating/charging indirect/CRR influence onto proper direct influence elements, shall include actual
environmental data elements and reference data elements.
7.2.2 Actual data
To perform the environmental influence evaluation, the following actual data shall be collected:
— material tracking data;
— direct influence data of individual manufacturing equipment in direct operation mode;
— indirect influence data of indirect mode of individual manufacturing equipment, and operation and
maintenance of a manufacturing support system;
— CRR influence data.
7.2.3 Reference data
To perform the environmental influence evaluation, many aspects of the manufacturing system shall
be included. To identify these aspects, a set of reference data shall be collected so that the range of
participating unit processes and their respective inputs and outputs can be determined. These reference
data shall be collected with at least the following three categories of information:
— Group 1: process plan data;
— Group 2: manufacturing process data;
— Group 3: manufacturing system data.

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

7.3 Actual data in operation step
7.3.1 General
Actual data from individual manufacturing equipment and from manufacturing support systems shall
be collected to perform the identification of and calculation of environmental influences, as specified in
5.2.2 (see also Annex D).
7.3.2 Actual data of manufacturing equipment in operation step
a) Manufacturing equipment operation data

Environmental influence data, under the operation step, shall be acquired from individual
manufacturing equipment, which shall be capable of distinguishing direct operation mode and
indirect mode.
b) Data of input to/output from manufacturing process
Data of input to/output from the manufacturing process, including material tracking data, shall be
acquired.
7.3.3 Actual data of manufacturing support system in operation step
a) Manufacturing support system operation data

Environmental influence data, under the operation step, shall be acquired from manufacturing
support systems, which shall be capable of distinguishing operation mode and maintenance.
b) Data of input to/output from manufacturing support system
Data of input to/output from the manufacturing support system shall be acquired.
7.4 Actual data in construction/reconfiguration and retirement step
7.4.1 General
Actual data from the manufacturing system construction/reconfiguration and retirement step shall be
collected to carry out identification and calculation of environmental influences, as specified in 6.3 (see
also Annex D).
7.4.2 Actual data in construction/reconfiguration step
Actual data of input to/output from the manufacturing system construction/reconfiguration step
shall be acquired.
7.4.3 Actual data in retirement step
Actual data of input to/output from the manufacturing system/component retirement step shall be acquired.
7.5 Reference data
7.5.1 General
To perform the environmental influence evaluation, a set of reference data shall be collected so that
the range of participating unit processes and their respective inputs and outputs can be determined,
correctly aggregating environmental influence along with the hierarchical structure of a manufacturing
system, and correctly allocating/charging indirect/CRR influence onto proper direct influence elements
(see Clauses F.4, F.5 and F.6).

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

7.5.2 Group 1: Process plan data
The following data shall be referenced to identify each process within the manufacturing process for
tracking the product view:
— the process plan data of each product at the level of parts routing.
7.5.3 Group 2: Manufacturing process data
The following data shall be referenced to identify each process within the manufacturing process for
tracking the production control view:
— the operation plan/status report of a manufacturing system;
— the production plan/status report of production control, and the execution plan/status report of
manufacturing execution.
7.5.4 Group 3: Manufacturing system data
The following data shall be referenced to identify each process within the manufacturing system hierarchy:
— the hierarchical structure of a manufacturing system;
— the specification of manufacturing equipment;
— the specification of manufacturing support systems;
— the service zone of each manufacturing support system.
7.6 Environmental characteristics data (ECD)

Fundamental requirements and guidelines for ECD are specified in ISO 20140-5.
7.7 Existing data standards

Many of the data related to the definition and operation of manufacturing systems have been standardized
already in related International Standards. In such cases, existing International Standards should be
referred to and extended, as necessary.
EXAMPLE Data related to product production, manufacturing system operation, and product life cycle are
specified by the International Standards for process planning, resource usage management, and product life cycle
support, developed by ISO/TC 184/SC 4 (see References [13], [14] and [15]).

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Annex A
(informative)
Activity model of manufacturing system life history and its

environmental influence
A.1 IDEF-Env Notation

(IDEF0-Env: IDEF0 for environmental influence of manufacturing process)
IDEF0 is designed and has been used as an illustrating tool for understanding the manufacturing
processes and the effect/influence analysis of process improvements.
NOTE IDEF0 is established in Reference [23].
The original IDEF0 notation is illustrated in Figure A.1 a) (corresponding to Figure 3 in the original
IDEF0 document[23]).
Control Control Reference
Material Manufacturing
Function Product
(to be processed)
Input Process/
(of Activity) Output
(to be processed)
Input data Activity
Record
An (to be processed)
An
Mechanism Call Mechanism Call

(Mean) Detail (Mean)/ Detail
Resource
a) IDEF0 Notation
Figure 3 Arrow positions and rolls, b) IDEF0-Mfg Notation
in FIPS Pub. 183) (for Manufacturing process)
Control Reference Control Reference
Material Manufacturing Material Manufacturing

Product Product
(to be processed) (to be processed)
Process/ System/
Input data Activity Input data Component
(to be processed) Record (to be processed) Record
An Sn/ Cn
Environmental inlu. Environmental inlu.
of Process/ Activity of System/ Component
Other Call Other Call
resource Detail resource Detail
System/
System/
Component
Component
c) IDEF0-Env-PA Notation d) IDEF0-Env-SC Notation

(Process/ Activity) (System/ Component)
Figure A.1 — IDEF0-Env Notation
IDEF0-Mfg notation, used for representing the manufacturing process/activity, is illustrated in

Figure A.1 b), with following modifications of original IDEF0 notation:
— Manufacturing Process/Activity (An) is positioned at Function (of Activity);

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

— Material and Input data are positioned at Input;

— Product and Record are positioned at Output;
— Reference is added at the next to Control;
— Resource is added at Mechanism (Mean).
IDEF0-Env is designed for illustrating the environmental influence of the manufacturing process, to be able
to succeed the accumulated studies on manufacturing process/activity, by applying IDEF0/IDEF0-Mfg.
The notations of IDEF0-Env are illustrated in Figure A.1 c) to represent the manufacturing process/
activity, and in Figure A.1 d) to represent the manufacturing system/system component, and are
succeeding the notation of IDEF0-Mfg, with following modifications:
a) System/Component and Other resource are placed at Mechanism (Mean)/Resource;
b) Environmental influence is to be placed at the right end of bottom line, next to Call Detail in IDEF0.
A.2 Manufacturing process and its influence to the environment

A.2.1 General
Activity models of manufacturing system life history and its environmental influence are illustrated in
Figure A.2 to Figure A.6.
Figure A.2 to Figure A.4 illustrate from the top level, 1st level and 2nd level decomposition of a
manufacturing process and its influence to the environment.
A.2.2 Top level manufacturing process and its influence to the environment (A.0)
Figure A.2 illustrates the top level over all view of manufacturing process and its influence to the environment.
A.2.3 1st level manufacturing process and its influence to the environment (A.0-1)
Figure A.3 illustrates manufacturing process and its influence to the environment, as the 1st level
analysis, i.e. as the next to top level of Figure A.2, with three paths of:
— design product/engineer production path of A1;
— manufacturing system CRR path of A2 and A5, respectively;
— plan production/procure material and produce product (Level 1) path of A3 and A4, respectively.
A.2.4 2nd level manufacturing process and its influence to the environment (A.0-2)
The 2nd level decomposition of manufacturing process and its influence to the environment, is illustrated
in Figure A.4:
— A1 is decomposed into design product (A11) and engineer production (A12);
— A2 is decomposed into design manufacturing system (A21), construct new manufacturing system
or reconfigure current manufacturing system (A22) and resultant manufacturing system (S23);
— A3 is decomposed into plan production (A31) and procure material (A32);
— A4 is decomposed into control manufacturing execution (A41) and produce product (Level 2) (A42);
— A5 retire manufacturing system is not further decomposed.
NOTE The activity Produce Product (by operate a manufacturing system or equipment) is identified in
three levels of:

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

— A4: Produce Product (Level 1) (by operate a manufacturing system), in Figure A.3;
— A42: Produce Product (Level 2) (by operate a manufacturing system), under A41: Control manufacturing
execution, in Figure A.4;
— A421: Produce Product (Level 3) (by operate manufacturing equipment), in Figure A.6.
A.3 Positioning of the actual manufacturing activity

Actual manufacturing activity, as illustrated in Figure A.4, is produce product (Level 2) by operate
manufacturing system (A42), under the control manufacturing execution (A41), at the cross point of
three paths of:
— design product/engineer production path of:
— design product (A11), and
— engineer production (A12);
— manufacturing system CRR path of:
— design manufacturing system (A21),
— construct new manufacturing system or reconfigure current manufacturing system (A22), and
— retire manufacturing system (A5);
— plan production and produce product (Level 1) path of:
— plan production (A31), and
— procure material (A32).
A.4 Change causes of product production

Environmental influence of manufacturing system/process is affected by the external disturbances of:
— (1) Design and engineering based control (ΔA):
— (1-1) Design and develop new product;
— (1-2) Change product design;
— (1-3) Change production process;
— (2) Manufacturing system based control (ΔB):
— (2-1) Plan new manufacturing system;
— (2-2) Plan to reconfigure current manufacturing system;
— (3) Production based control (Deviation of mass of product/product mix, ΔC):
— (3-1) Plan production order;
— (3-2) Receive customer order and release production order.
A.5 Environmental engineering on manufacturing system and/or process

Figure A.5 illustrates the decomposition of production engineering process (A12x).

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

The engineer production (A12), as illustrated in Figure A.5, is decomposed into four stages of design
material (A121), plan part routing (macro process planning) (A122), design fixture and tool (A123),
define manufacturing condition (micro process planning) (A124), and prepare numerical control
program (A125).
The activities of design material (A121), plan part routing (macro process planning) (A122) and define
manufacturing condition (micro process planning) (A124) are the key components of the engineer
production (A12), by defining manufacturing process, for governing the environmental influence for
producing given designed product using current manufacturing system.
The design product (A11), as illustrated in Figure A.4, initially determines the environmental influence
required to produce that specific designed product, and that design product (A11) is requested to change
the product design for realizing the feedback from design material (A121) and plan part routing (macro
process planning) (A122) under engineer production (A12), as illustrated in Figure A.5.
The design manufacturing system (A21), as illustrated in Figure A.4, is another key player of
environmental engineering, for planning a new manufacturing system or reconfiguring current
manufacturing system/system component, which governs the environmental influence required to
produce that specific product, and that design manufacturing system (A21) is requested to change
current manufacturing system for realizing the feedback from plan part routing (macro process
planning) (A122) under engineer production (A12), as illustrated in Figure A.5.
A.6 Production and monitoring of environmental influence

Figure A.6 illustrates produce products (Level 3) (A421) and supporting indirect activities of A422 and
A423, as the decomposition of A.42 and the decomposition of manufacturing system (S23).
The manufacturing system (S23) is decomposed into manufacturing equipment (C231) and
manufacturing support system (S232).
The produce product (Level 3) by operate manufacturing equipment (A421) as the direct influence,
is supported by two activity groups of be in indirect mode of manufacturing equipment (A422) and
maintain and operate manufacturing support system (A423), as the indirect influence.
The activities under be in indirect mode of manufacturing equipment (A422) are further decomposed
into two, respectively into a mode of maintain manufacturing equipment (A4221) and be in idle/standby
mode of manufacturing equipment (A4222).
The activities under maintain and operate manufacturing support system (A423) are further
decomposed into maintain manufacturing support system (A4231), and operate manufacturing support
system (A4232).

24
Product design order for Manufacturing system Customer order
new product/ change order Production order
product design change
Product design Manufacturing system Production control

data design data data
Material
boxes & arrows

Line types for :
data
ISO 20140-1:2013(E)
Target
environmental
inluence
: Direct inluence,
Product design data

Product engineering
data
Material Product
Manufacturing process Product control data
and
Actual data of Actual data of Material data
its inluence to Environment
environmental environmental
inluence A0
inluence Manufacturing system/
component data
: Indirect inluence,
Supplier data of Environmental
environmental A.0-1
inluence Requirements for
inluence 1st level
maintenance plan of
Reusable Manufacturing system/
Other system component
resource component
A.0-2
Fixture / Tool 2nd level
: CRR inluence.
Manufacturing Reused
system system component
component
Figure A.2 — Manufacturing process and its influence to the environment: Top level (A.0)
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

Product design order for Target
new product/ environmental
product design change inluence
Design Product design

Product/ data
Engineer
boxes & arrows

Production engineering
Line types for :

Production
data

Actual data of A1
environmental
Target
inluence
A1x environmental
in A.0-2 inluence
Production control Target
Customer order data environmental
Production order Material inluence
data
Plan
: Direct inluence,
Production/ Material Produce
Product
Procure Product

Material (Level-1)
Actual data of
A3 (by Operate
environmental
Manufacturing
inluence
system)
A4
Environmental
Other
Target inluence Target
resource A4x
environmental in A.0-2 environmental
Manufacturing system inluence Fixture / Tool inluence
change order
Construct Mfg. system Mfg. system Retire

Actual data of new Mfg. system/ design data component data Manufacturing
Manufacturing Actual data of
environmental Reconigure system
Actual data of system environmental
inluence current system A5
environmental inluence
Supplier data of A2
inluence Recyclable/
environmental
Environmental disposed
inluence A2x Other
inluence material
: CRR inluence.
Other in A.0-2 resource
resource Reused
Mfg. system system component Reusable
component system component
Figure A.3 — Manufacturing process and its influence to the environment: 1st level (A.0-1)
ISO 20140-1:2013(E)
25

26
Product design order for Target Change cause of product production
new product/ envi. in luence
product design change (1) Design & engineering (2) Manufacturing system
(1) Design & engineering based control: ∆A based control: ∆B
Product design
based control: ∆A Design (1-1) Design & Develop (2-1) Plan new
data
Product new Product Mfg. system/
Production engineering (1-2) Change (2-2) Plan to
A11 Engineer Product design Recon igure current
boxes & arrows

data Target
Line types for :

Production
ISO 20140-1:2013(E)
(1-3) Change system

Actual data of env.
Production control Production process
environmental A12 in luence (3) Production based
in luence data
control: ∆C
Change request for (Deviation of
Product design mass of product/
Control Product mix)
A.12x
Change request for Manufacturing (3-1) Plan
Mfg. system Execution Production order
A41 (3-2) Receive
Customer order Customer order
Production order & Release
: Direct inluence,
Produce
(3) Production based Material Product Production order
Product
control: ∆C Plan (Level-2)

(Deviation of Production (by Operate
mass of product/ Actual data of
Material Mfg. system)
product mix) A31 Procure environmental
data A42
Material in luence
Other Environmental
Target A32
resource in luence
environmental A.42x
in luence Fixture / Tool
Mfg. system Target
design data Mfg. system environmental
component data in luence
Manufacturing system Manufacturing
change order System
Retire
(2) Manufacturing system Construct Manufacturing Actual data of
based control: ∆B S23
Design new Mfg. system/ system environmental
Manufacturing Recon igure S23x in luence
Actual data of in A42x A5
environmental System curnt System Actual data of Recyclable/
in luence A21 A22 environmental Other disposed
Supplier data of in luence resource material
: CRR inluence.
environmental Other Environmental
in luence resource Mfg. system in luence Reused Reusable
component system component system component
Figure A.4 — Manufacturing process and its influence to the environment: 2nd level (A.0-2)

Target
Environmantal In luence
Engineer Production (A12)

Product design
data
Material
boxes & arrows

Design design data
Line types for :

Actual data of Material Parts routing

environmental Plan
data
in luence A121 Part routing
(Macro process Fixture & tool
planning) Design design data
Fixture & Tool
A122 De ine
A123 Manufacturing
Change request for
Material design condition
Change request for (Micro process Prepare
Product design (A11) planning) NC program
A125
: Direct inluence,
Change request for A124
Mfg. system (A21)

Production control
(3) Production data
based control
(Deviation of
Mass of product/
Control Target
Product mix: ΔC)
Manufacturing Env. In luence
Plan
Execution
Production
Material A41
A31 Procure data
Material Produce
Material Product Product
A32
Figure A.5 — Production engineering (A12x)

(Level-2)
(by Operate Actual data
Mfg. system) of env. In l.
A42
Env.
Other
In luence
resource A.42x
Fixture/Tool
Manufacturing
: CRR inluence.
system
ISO 20140-1:2013(E)
27

28
Product Design Target
Data Environmental
Production Engineering Inluence
Data Production control
data
(3) Production
based control Control
boxes & arrows

(Deviation of Manufacturing
Line types for :

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)
Mass of product/ (3-1) Plan Execution

Plan Produce
Product mix: ∆C) Production order A41
Production Product Product
(3-2) Receive (Level-3)
Customer order Procure Material
Material (by Operate
& Release A11 Material data Actual data of
Manufacturing
Production order Recycled Equipment environmental
A12 material A421 inluence
Environmental
Manufacturing Other Inluence
system resource Target
: Direct inluence,
Requirements for
(S23) Manufacturing Env. Inl.
Maintenance plan Fixture / Tool
Equipment

Be in
C231 indirect mode of
Manufacturing
Manufacturing
support system
equipment Be in
Target (A422) idle/ stand by mode
S232 Maintain of Manufacturing
Environmental manufacturing Actual data of
Inluence equipment environmental
equipment A4222 inluence
A4221
Maintain & operate
Manufacturing
support system
(A423)
Environmental
Operate Inluence
Maintain
Manufacturing Other
manufacturing
support system resource
support system Actual data of
A4231
A4231 environmental
inluence
: CRR inluence.
Other
Figure A.6 — Produce products (Level 3) (A421) and its support (A422 and A423)
resource Environmental
Inluence

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Annex B
(informative)
Responsibility of organization with regard to environmental

influence
B.1 Responsibility for improving environmental influence

Each functional organization contributes to improving the environmental influence corresponding to
its area of responsibility in manufacturing process and/or activity.
B.2 Influence responsibilities

Table B.1 identifies relationships between functional organizations and their responsibilities relating to
environmental influence at an idealized factory. Table B.1 indicates the diversity of responsibilities for
improving environmental efficiency.
Table B.1 — Functional organizations and their responsibilities for environmental influence
Environmental in luence
Functional Activity
organization
Direct inluence Indirect inluence CRR inluence
Design Deine Deine

Product product requirements for n.a. requirements for
design (A11) product planned products
Design Deine Deine
material requirements for n.a. planned materials for
(A121) manufacturing process planned products
Plan Deine
Production Deine
parts routing n.a. manufacturing process for
engineering manufacturing process
(Macro process plan) (A122) planned products
Deine
manufacturing condition Deine
n.a. n.a.
(Micro process plan) (A124) manufacturing condition
Deine
Design Deine Deine
Manufacturing system manufacturing system &
manufacturing system manufacturing system manufacturing system
design control
(A21) capability & performance capability & performance
CRR activities
Control
Control Control
manufacturing execution n.a.
manufacturing execution manufacturing execution
Product (A41)
production Produce Control
product (Level-3) Operate
indirect mode of n.a.
manufacturing equipment
(A421) manufacturing equipment
Maintain
Manufacturing system Maintain Maintain
manufacturing equipment n.a.
maintenance manufacturing equipment manufacturing equipment
(A4221)
Manufacturing Maintain & operate Maintain & operate

manufacturing support system n.a. manufacturing support n.a.
support system
(A423) system

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Table B.1 identifies the relationships between functional organizations and their responsibilities relating
to the environmental influence, as follows:
— functional organization and its responsible activity, identified in Annex A, are listed by rows;
— classes of environmental influence, such as direct influence, indirect influence and CRR influence,
are listed by columns;
— at the cross point cell of specific row and specific column, the responsibility of the functional organization
for the specific activity related to the specific class of environmental influence is identified.
The entity identified by each cell in Table B.1 as being responsible for the specific class of environmental
influence of the specific functional organization activity should contribute to the respective influence.

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Annex C
(informative)
Use cases of ISO 20140
C.1 General
The use cases of ISO 20140 in this annex are identified with following two views:
— View 1: Purpose of and situations for environmental evaluation;
— View 2: Activities through manufacturing system life history.
C.2 Purpose of and situations for environmental evaluation (View-1)

C.2.1 Environmental evaluation of manufacturing system
C.2.1.1 Evaluation is based on general environmental data
General evaluation of a manufacturing system is done without assuming usage of particular machines
or equipment, e.g. the most environmentally efficient production method, whether to use machining
processes or to use forming processes, for a particular part can be determined.
C.2.1.2 Evaluation is based on specific environmental data
Specific manufacturing system elements can be evaluated by referring to available specific data and
provide a precise evaluation of environmental influence in addition to productivity and cost, for better
machines or equipment selection to advance environmentally conscious production.
C.2.2 Environmental evaluation of products during production
C.2.2.1 General
For producing specific target products, it is required to select appropriate factories or manufacturing
systems. It could be quite different, in terms of environmental evaluation, whether to produce them in
domestic factories or in foreign factories.
There could be two cases, as described in C.2.2.2 and C.2.2.3.
C.2.2.2 Evaluation is based on general environmental data
General evaluation of environmental influence for a certain product at the stage of manufacturing can be
done, with the result used for generic comparison of manufacturing stage influence for various products
of the same or similar category.
C.2.2.3 Evaluation is based on specific environmental data
When producing specific target products, different factory locations, e.g. domestic or foreign, proximity
to raw materials or markets, may yield different environmental evaluation for appropriately selected
factories or manufacturing systems.

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

C.2.3 Environmental evaluation of manufacturing system improvements

In practice, especially for discrete products/parts manufacturing, manufacturing system configuration
or individual manufacturing equipment configuration continuous improvements lead to better system
performance. Consequently, a new environmental evaluation can also reveal an improvement in
environmental efficiency.
C.3 Activities through manufacturing system life history (View-2)

C.3.1 General
ISO 20140 can be used for various process/activities, as analysed in Annex A.
C.3.2 Bench marking of environmental influence

ISO 20140 can be used for following bench marking of environmental influence (A42, decomposed into
A421, A422 and A423):
— of an actual individual manufacturing system with a generic manufacturing system;
— between different manufacturing systems for producing the same product.
C.3.3 Alternative studies of environmental influence

ISO 20140 can be used for following alternative studies of environmental influence:
— for improvement of current manufacturing process (A121, A122 and A124);
— for planning for reconfiguring the current manufacturing system (A21);
— to improve the current manufacturing system;
— to adapt with the change of mass of product or product mix, including the study of reuse/recycle/
disposal of current manufacturing equipment (A5);
— for planning a new manufacturing system (A21) for products, including the study of reuse of current
manufacturing equipment (A5).
C.3.4 Comparison of manufacturing system component supplier’s ECD

ISO 20140 can be used during alternative studies of environmental influence, as listed in C.2.2, for
comparing the manufacturing system component supplier’s ECD, which are based on a common
evaluation method.
C.3.5 Allocating environmental targets down the manufacturing hierarchy

ISO 20140 can be used for setting the top level target of environmental improvement and break them
down to the shop floor and individual manufacturing equipment environmental improving targets, by
capturing and reporting the actual status, providing the historical review (A42, decomposed into A421,
A422 and A423), and applying the above bench marking and/or alternative study results.
C.3.6 Monitoring and improvement of the shop floor operations

ISO 20140 can be used for monitoring and improvement of the shop floor operations, by visualizing the
actual status of environmental influence (A42, decomposed into A421, A422 and A423).

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Annex D
(informative)
Input to/output from unit process
The inputs to and outputs from the unit process are summarized in Table D.1.
Table D.1 — Input to/output from unit process
Manufacturing
Input to/output from unit process
system
support system
Manufacturing
Manufacturing
Category of
equipment
environmental
situation
in luence Input Output
Direct in luence : Manufacturing equipment direct operation for producing product
(Horizontal axis n.a. Material Product

Manufacturing equipment
in Figure 4)
direct operation for Reusable material & energy
producing product Other resource for
n.a. Waste & release out of
direct operation
direct operation
Indirect in luence
: Manufacturing equipment in indirect mode
(The left pair
of vertical axis Other resource for Waste & release out of
in Figure 4) n.a. manufacturing equipment manufacturing equipment
in idle/standby mode
in idle/standby mode in idle/standby mode
Other resource for Waste & release out of
n.a. manufacturing equipment manufacturing equipment
maintenance
maintenance maintenance
: Manufacturing support system operation & maintenance
(The centre pair
of vertical axis Manufacturing Other resource for Waste & release out of
in Figure 4) n.a. support system manufacturing support system manufacturing support system
operation operation operation
Manufacturing Other resource for Waste & release out of
n.a. support system manufacturing support system manufacturing support system
maintenance maintenance maintenance
CRR in luence : Manufacturing system construction, recon iguration & retirement
(The right pair manufacturing system manufacturing system
of vertical axis construction/recon iguration construction/recon iguration
in Figure 4) Manufacturing system
Environmental in luence footprint
construction/ n.a.
of employed system component
recon iguration
Residual CRR in luence,
residual system value n.a.
of reused system component
manufacturing system manufacturing system
retirement retirement
retirement Residual CRR in luence,
Residual system value
n.a.
of reusable, recyclable and
disposed system component

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Annex E
(informative)
Conformance classes of ISO 20140
E.1 Classification of the conformance classes

Conformance classes of ISO 20140 shall be classified by the combination of View 1 and View 2, as shown
in Table E.1.
Each view shall be decomposed as follows:
— View 1: Environmental influence of concern:
— Conformance Class 1.a (CC 1.a): Energy efficiency;
— Conformance Class 2.a (CC 2.a): Energy efficiency and material efficiency;
— Conformance Class 3.a (CC 3.a): Energy efficiency, material efficiency and hazardous substance;
— Conformance Class 4.a (CC 4.a): Energy efficiency, material efficiency, hazardous substance and
other aspects/substance;
— View 2: Environmental influence across the manufacturing system life history:
— Conformance Class b.1 (CC b.1): Direct influence;
— Conformance Class b.2 (CC b.2): Direct influence and indirect influence;
— Conformance Class b.3 (CC b.3): Direct influence, indirect influence and CRR influence.
Table E.1 — Classification of conformance classes of ISO 20140
View 2: Environmental inluence across the

manufacturing system life history (MSLH)
Direct inluence,
Direct inluence and
Direct inluence indirect inluence
indirect inluence
and CRR inluence
CC b.1 CC b.2 CC b.3

View 1: Environmental inluence
Energy eficiency CC 1.a CC 1.1 CC 1.2 CC 1.3
Energy eficiency and

CC 2.a CC 2.1 CC 2.2 CC 2.3
material eficiency
of concern
Energy eficiency,
material eficiency and CC 3.a CC 3.1 CC 3.2 CC 3.3
hazardous substance
Energy eficiency
material eficiency,
CC 4.a CC 4.1 CC 4.2 CC 4.3
hazardous substance and
other aspects/ substance

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

E.2 Conformance classes

Conformance classes of ISO 20140 are distinguished in Table E.2
Table E.2 — Conformance classes of ISO 20140
Conformance class deinition Elements of Conformance class
View 1: View 2:
Views for Conformance class deinition Environmental inluence Environmental inluence
Conformance class Id
of concern across the MSLH
Hazardous components
Material eficiency
Indirect inluence
Energy eficiency
Direct inluence
Other aspects/
CRR inluence
components
View 1: View 2:
Environmental inluence with Environmental inluence
of concern across the MSLH
CC 1.1 Energy eficiency with Direct inluence n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Direct inluence and

CC 1.2 Energy eficiency with n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
indirect inluence
Direct inluence,
CC 1.3 Energy eficiency with indirect inluence and n.a. n.a. n.a.
CRR inluence

CC 2.1 with Direct inluence n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
material eficiency
Energy eficiency and Direct inluence and

CC 2.2 with n.a. n.a. n.a.
material eficiency indirect inluence
Direct inluence,
CC 2.3 with indirect inluence and n.a. n.a.
material eficiency
CRR inluence
Energy eficiency,
CC 3.1 material eficiency and with Direct inluence n.a. n.a. n.a.
hazardous substance
Energy eficiency,
Direct inluence and
CC 3.2 material eficiency and with n.a. n.a.
indirect inluence
hazardous substance
Energy eficiency, Direct inluence,

CC 3.3 material eficiency and with indirect inluence and n.a.
hazardous substance CRR inluence
Energy eficiency
material eficiency,
CC 4.1 with Direct inluence n.a. n.a.
Energy eficiency
material eficiency, Direct inluence and
CC 4.2 with n.a.
hazardous substance and indirect inluence
Energy eficiency
Direct inluence,
material eficiency,
CC 4.3 with indirect inluence and
CRR inluence

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Annex F
(informative)
Structure of ISO 20140
F.1 General
This annex outlines the parts configuration, assigned role and functions of each part and interrelationships
between parts of ISO 20140.
F.2 Key for Figures F.2 to F.5

The parts configuration, overview of each part and the relationships between parts are illustrated in
the figures in this annex. Figure F.1 provides the key for Figures F.2 to F.5.
– Box represents Part, Activity or Data:
Part 1
Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5

Environmental index Environmental inluence Allocation process of Environmental inluence
evaluation process aggregation process indirect inluence evaluation data
Part 4
Charge process of
CRR inluence
Allocate
Evaluate Aggregate indirect inluence Acquire
environmental index environmental inluence Charge data from <Level 2>
CRR inluence
Allocated Acquired
Evaluated Aggregated indirect inluence environmental inluence
environmental index environmental inluence Charged data
CRR inluence
Reference data Group-1
– Arrow represents process low of:
: direct inluence process low,
: indirect inluence process low,
: CRR inluence process low,
: data reference low, and
: direct inluence, allocated/charged indirect/CRR inluence, process low.
– Level n represents corresponding Level n of the functional hierachy level speciied in

IEC 62264-1, 5.2.1
Figure F.1 — Key for Figures F.2 to F.5
Colour and line type of rectangles represent type of subject being considered, i.e. green and solid
line represent environmental index evaluation and environmental influence aggregation along with
manufacturing system hierarchy, yellow and dashed line represent indirect influence and yellow and

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

chained line represent CRR influence, blue and solid line represent acquired data, blue and dot line
represent reference data, and no colour represent overview.
F.3 Structure of ISO 20140

The structure of ISO 20140 is illustrated in Figure F.2, as follows:
— this part of ISO 20140 specifies overview and general principles of ISO 20140;
— ISO 20140-2 specifies evaluation process for environmental index of manufacturing process;
— ISO 20140-3 specifies aggregation process of environmental influence along with hierarchical
structure of the manufacturing system,;
— ISO 20140-4 specifies allocation/charge process of indirect/CRR influence, respectively, onto
direct influence;
— ISO 20140-5 specifies environmental influence data.
Part 1 speci ies Part 1

Overview & general principles Overview and
of ISO 20140 general principles
Summary of Report to
Part 2 speci ies Level 3 Level 4
evaluation process of
environmental index
Part 2
Environmental index
(1)at any concerned level of
evaluation process
a manufacturing system, or
(2) concerned product (group)
Part 3 speci ies Part 4 speci ies

aggregation process of Part 3 Part 4 allocation/charge
environmental in luence Environmental in luence Allocation/charge process of
along with aggregation process process of indirect/CRR
the hierarchical structure indirect/CRR in luence in luence
of a manufacturing system Level 3 onto
Level 3 direct in luence
Part 5 speci ies
data requirements for
environmental in luence evaluation
(1) to be provided to Part 3 & Part 4, Part 5
(2) to be acquired from Level 2, & Environmental in luence evaluation data
(3) reference data for
aggregation, allocation/charge
Acquire
actual data Acquire Acquire Acquire Acquire
from Level 2 material tracking data direct in luence data indirect in luence data CRR in luence data
Figure F.2 — Structure of ISO 20140
F.4 Environmental index evaluation process of ISO 20140-2

The environmental index evaluation process, specified by ISO 20140-2, is illustrated in Figure F.3.
ISO 20140-2:
— receives aggregated environmental influence from ISO 20140-3;

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

— evaluates environmental influence at:

— any intermediate level of the manufacturing system;
— the factory.
Use cases of environmental influence index are listed in Table F.1, with two views of:
a) Use case 1: Manufacturing system view, at any intermediate level and total factory;
b) Use case 2: Product (group) view, at any intermediate level and total factory.
Environmental index
Environmental index of a product (group)
of a factory at a factory
Report to Report to
Summary of Level 4 Summary of Level 4
Level 3 Level 3
Evaluate Evaluate Environmental index

Environmental index environmental index environmental index of product (group)
at any intermediate level of manufacturing of product (group) at any intermediate level
of manufacturing system system (Use case 2 ) of manufacturing system
(Use case 1 )
Level 3
[ Reference data - Group 2 ] Level 3
Part 2 [ Reference data - Group 3 ]
Production plan/
Hierarchical structure of
status report of
manufacturing system
production control
Level 3 Aggregate
Allocate/charge
indirect/CRR inluence
along with the hierarchical structure
onto direct inluence
of a manufacturing system
Part 3 Part 4
Level 3 Level 3
Part 5
Environmental inluence evaluation data
Acquire
from Level 2 material tracking data direct inluence data indirect inluence data CRR inluence data
Figure F.3 — Environmental index evaluation process of ISO 20140-2

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Table F.1 — Use cases of environmental influence index
Use case
Position within Use case 1 Use case 2
the Hierarchical structure
of a Manufacturing system
Manufacturing system view Product (group) view
Environmental index
Environmental index
Factory <Level 4> of a product (group)
of a factory at a factory
Work area <Level 3> Environmental index Environmental index
of manufacturing process of a product (group)
Work cell <Level 3> at any intermediate level at any intemediate level
Work unit <Level 3> of a manufacturing system of a manufacturing system
F.5 Environmental influence aggregation process of ISO 20140-3

The aggregation process for environmental influence, specified by ISO 20140-3, is illustrated in
Figure F.4.
ISO 20140-3:
— aggregates direct influence at a unit process by:
— receiving acquired material tracking data and direct influence data from Level 2;
— collating direct influence data with material tracking data;
— aggregating environmental direct influence at the unit process;
— data transfer to/from ISO 20140-4;
— aggregates environmental influence at a unit process, by:
— aggregating allocated indirect influence/charged CRR influence onto direct influence, as
illustrated at the top left of Figure F.5;
— aggregates environmental influence at any intermediate level of the manufacturing system;
— aggregates environmental influence at a total factory.

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Evaluate
[ Reference data - Group 1 ] Environmental index
[ Process plan data ] Part 2
Process plan of
(parts routing level) [ Reference data - Group 3 ]
each product Aggregate [ Manufacturing system & equipment data ]
at a factory Hierarchical structure Service zone of
[ Reference data - Group 2 ] of each manufacturing
Level 4 manufacturing system support system
[ Manufacturing process data ]
Aggregate Speciication of Speciication of
Operation plan/ manufacturing manufacturing
at any intermediate level of
status report of equipment support system
a manufacturing system
manufacturing system
Level 3
Level 4 Charge
Aggregate CRR inluence
Production plan/ on to direct inluence
status report of
production control
at a unit process Part 4 (2/2)
Level 3 Level 3
Level 3
Allocate
Execution plan/ indirect inluence
status report of Aggregate on to direct inluence
manufacturing execution direct inluence
at a unit process
Part 4 (1/2)
Level 3 Level 3
Part 3 Level 3
Acquire
Figure F.4 — Environmental influence aggregation process of ISO 20140-3
F.6 Allocation/charge process of indirect/CRR influence of ISO 20140-4

The allocation/charge process of indirect/CRR influence, respectively, onto direct influence, specified
by ISO 20140-4, is illustrated in Figure F.5.
The allocation process of indirect influence, at a specific operation term of a manufacturing system,
specified by ISO 20140-4 (1/2) is:
a) plan (/offset) the allocation factor within a specific term;
b) receive acquired indirect influence data from Level 2;
c) evaluate indirect influence;
d) allocate indirect influence onto the direct influence at a unit process.

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Speciic Operation Term of a Manufacturing system CRR

Aggregated environmental Charge & allocate Plan (& offset)
Reconiguration
(Construction,
& Retirement)
inluence at a unit process [ Reference data - Group 2 ]
(direct inluence
+ allocated indirect inluence Production plan/ Operation plan/
+ charged CRR inluence) status report of status report of
production control manufacturing system
Part 3 Level 3
Level 3 Level 4
Charged Charge Plan (& offset) Evaluate &

CRR inluence CRR inluence charging factor record
at a unit process on to direct inluence of CRR inluence CRR inluence
Level 3 Level 3 Level 4 Level 3
Part 4 (2/2)
Allocated Allocate Plan (& offset)

indirect inluence indirect inluence allocation factor of
at a unit process on to direct inluence indirect inluence
Level 3 Level 3 Level 4
[ Reference data - Group 3 ]

Aggregated
direct Inluence Service zone of each Evaluate
at a unit process mfg. support system indirect inluence
Part 3 Level 3 Part 4 (1/2) Level 3 Level 3
Acquire
Figure F.5 — Allocation/charge process of indirect/CRR influence of ISO 20140-4
For preparing the charging process, at a specific operation term of a manufacturing system, specified by
ISO 20140-4 (2/2), CRR influence data shall be captured, evaluated and recorded, as follows:
— receive acquired CRR influence data from Level 2;
— evaluate and record CRR influence.
The charge process of CRR influence, at a specific operation term of a manufacturing system, specified
by ISO 20140-4 (2/2) is:
— plan (/offset) the charging factor within a specific term;
— charge CRR influence onto the direct influence at a unit process.
F.7 Environmental influence evaluation data of ISO 20140-5

The environmental influence evaluation data, specified by ISO 20140-5, are:
— actual data, to be acquired from Level 2 and provided to ISO 20140-3 and ISO 20140-4, as illustrated
in Figure F.2 to Figure F.5;
— environmental influence data, to be provided to the process of ISO 20140-2, ISO 20140-3 and ISO 20140-4;
— reference data, to be used during the process of ISO 20140-2, ISO 20140-3 and ISO 20140-4, as
illustrated in Figure F.3, Figure F.4 and Figure F.5.

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

Bibliography
Environmental management standards

[1] ISO 14001:2004, Environmental management systems — Requirements with guidance for use
[2] ISO 14006, Environmental management systems — Guidelines for incorporating ecodesign
[3] ISO 14044, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines
[4] ISO 14045, Environmental management — Eco-efficiency assessment of product systems —
Principles, requirements and guidelines
[5] ISO/TS 14048, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Data documentation format
[6] ISO 14051, Environmental management — Material flow cost accounting — General framework
[7] ISO/TR 14062, Environmental management — Integrating environmental aspects into product
design and development
[8] ISO 14064-2, Greenhouse gases — Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for
quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal
enhancements
[9] ISO 14064-3, Greenhouse gases — Part 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and
verification of greenhouse gas assertions
[10] ISO 14067, Greenhouse gases — Carbon footprint of products — Requirements and guidelines for
quantification and communication
[11] ISO 50001:2011, Energy management systems — Requirements with guidance for use
[12] IEC 62430, Environmentally conscious design for electrical and electronic products
Automation systems and integration standards
[13] ISO 10303-239, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 239: Application protocol: Product life cycle support
[14] ISO 10303-240, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 240: Application protocol: Process plans for machined products
[15] ISO 15531-32, Industrial automation systems and integration — Industrial manufacturing
management data: Resources usage management — Part 32: Conceptual model for resources usage
management data
[16] ISO 15704:2000, Industrial automation systems — Requirements for enterprise-reference
architectures and methodologies
[17] ISO 20140‑2, Automation systems and integration — Evaluating energy efficiency and other
factors of manufacturing systems that influence the environment — Part 2: Environmental index
evaluation process3)
factors of manufacturing systems that influence the environment — Part 3: Environmental
influence aggregation process4)
3) Under preparation.

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

factors of manufacturing systems that influence the environment — Part 4: Allocation/charge
process of indirect influence/construction, reconfiguration and retirement (CRR) influence5)
factors of manufacturing systems that influence the environment — Part 5: Environmental
influence evaluation data6)
[21] ISO 22400‑2:—, Automation systems and integration — Key performance indicators for
manufacturing operations management — Part 2: Definitions and descriptions7)
[22] IEC 62264‑1:—, Enterprise-control system integration — Part 1: Models and terminology 8)
[23] Integration definition for function modelling (IDEF0), Draft Federal Information Processing
Standards Publication 183, 1993 December 21
7) To be published.
8) To be published. (Revision of IEC 62264-1:2003)

ISO 20140-1:2013(E)

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INTERNATIONAL ISO

Automation systems and

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ii ﻿ © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved ﻿ iii

iv ﻿ © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved ﻿ v

Automation systems and integration — Evaluating energy

The following are outside the scope of ISO 20140:

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms

© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved ﻿ 1

3.1 Terms and definitions

[SOURCE: IEC 62264‑1:—2), 3.1.1]

[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.8, modified — Note has been deleted.]

2 ﻿ © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved ﻿ 3

4 ﻿ © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.25]

© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved ﻿ 5

[SOURCE: IEC 62264‑1:—, 3.1.32]

6 ﻿ © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

[SOURCE: IEC 62264‑1:—, 3.1.43]

3.2 Abbreviated terms

CRR Construction, Reconfiguration and Retirement (of a manufacturing system)

ECD Environmental Characteristics Data

LCA Life Cycle Assessment

4 Manufacturing system and its environmental influence evaluation

4.1 Product life cycle and manufacturing system life history

4.1.1 Product life cycle and manufacturing system life cycle

© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved ﻿ 7

Product life cycle

Figure 1 — Product life cycle and manufacturing system life cycle

8 ﻿ © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

Product life cycle

Line types for : : Direct inluence, : Indirect inluence, : CRR inluence.

Figure 2 — Product life cycle and manufacturing system life history

© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved ﻿ 9

4.2 Manufacturing system hierarchical structure

Factory Manufacturing system

Figure 3 — Manufacturing system hierarchical structure

10 ﻿ © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

4.3 Environmental influence evaluation

5 Evaluation method of environmental influence

5.1 Methodology of environmental influence evaluation

© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved ﻿ 11

5.2 Unit process of manufacturing process

5.2.1 Process approach and system boundary of a process

Indirect inluence CRR inluence

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Waste & release Waste & release Reusable/recyclable/

Line types for : : Direct inluence, : Indirect inluence, : CRR inluence.

Figure 4 — Unit process model

NOTE 2 Examples of cases for environmental evaluation are shown in Annex C.

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5.2.2 Unit process input and output

5.2.2.1 Input and output influence classification

5.2.2.2 Direct influence

5.2.2.3 Indirect influence

5.2.2.4 CRR influence

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Line types for : : Direct inluence, : Indirect inluence, : CRR inluence.

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Indirect inluence CRR inluence

Line types for : : Direct inluence, : Indirect inluence, : CRR inluence.

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