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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 50002

First edition
2014-07-01

Energy audits — Requirements with

guidance for use
Audits énergétiques — Exigences et recommandations de mise en
oeuvre

Reference number
ISO 50002:2014(E)

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ISO 50002:2014(E)


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ISO 50002:2014(E)


Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Principles...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
4.2 Energy auditor.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.3 Energy audit............................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
4.4 Communication....................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
4.5 Roles, responsibilities and authority.................................................................................................................................... 5
5 Performing an energy audit....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
5.2 Energy audit planning....................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.3 Opening meeting.................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.4 Data collection.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.5 Measurement plan................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
5.6 Conducting the site visit................................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.7 Analysis....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
5.8 Energy audit reporting................................................................................................................................................................... 12
5.9 Closing meeting.................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Annex A (informative) Guidance on the use of this International Standard.............................................................14
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22

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ISO 50002:2014(E)


Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 242, Energy management.

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ISO 50002:2014(E)


Introduction
The purpose of this International Standard is to define the minimum set of requirements leading to the
identification of opportunities for the improvement of energy performance.
An energy audit comprises a detailed analysis of the energy performance of an organization, equipment,
system(s) or process(es). It is based on appropriate measurement and observation of energy use, energy
efficiency and consumption. Energy audits are planned and conducted as part of the identification
and prioritization of opportunities to improve energy performance, reduce energy waste and obtain
related environmental benefits. Audit outputs include information on current use and performance and
they provide ranked recommendations for improvement in terms of energy performance and financial
benefits.
An energy audit can support an energy review and can facilitate monitoring, measurement and analysis
as described in ISO 50001, or it can be used independently.
This International Standard allows for differences in approach and in terms of scope, boundary and
audit objective and seeks to harmonize common aspects of energy auditing in order to enhance clarity
and transparency.
The energy audit process is presented as a simple chronological sequence, but this does not preclude
repeated iterations of certain steps.
The main body of this International Standard covers the general requirements and framework common
to all energy audits that can be supplemented by equivalent national audit standards. For auditing of
specific types of facilities, processes or equipment, refer to the relevant international, national and local
standards and guidelines, some of which are referenced in the Bibliography.
In this International Standard, the following verbal forms are used:
— “shall” indicates a requirement;
— “should” indicates a recommendation;
— “may” indicates a permission;
— “can” indicates a possibility or a capacity.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 50002:2014(E)

Energy audits — Requirements with guidance for use

1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the process requirements for carrying out an energy audit in
relation to energy performance. It is applicable to all types of establishments and organizations, and all
forms of energy and energy use.
This International Standard specifies the principles of carrying out energy audits, requirements for the
common processes during energy audits, and deliverables for energy audits.
This International Standard does not address the requirements for selection and evaluation of
the competence of bodies providing energy audit services, and it does not cover the auditing of an
organization’s energy management system, as these are described in ISO 50003.
This International Standard also provides informative guidance on its use (see Annex A).

2 Normative references
There are no normative references.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
audit objective
purpose of an energy audit (3.3) agreed between the organization (3.13) and the energy auditor (3.5)
3.2
boundary
physical or site limits and/or organizational limits as defined by the organization (3.13)
Note 1 to entry: The boundary of an energy management system can be different from the boundary of an energy
audit (3.3).

Note 2 to entry: The energy audit can include one or more boundaries.

EXAMPLE The whole site and all energy using systems; the boiler plant; the vehicle fleet.

3.3
energy audit
systematic analysis of energy use (3.12) and energy consumption (3.7) within a defined energy audit scope
(3.4), in order to identify, quantify and report on the opportunities for improved energy performance
(3.10)
Note 1 to entry: “Energy audit” is the normal expression in English. There are other expressions for the same
concept, e.g. “diagnosi” in Italian and “diagnostic” in French.

3.4
energy audit scope
extent of energy uses (3.12) and related activities to be included in the energy audit (3.3), as defined by the
organization (3.13) in consultation with the energy auditor (3.5), which can include several boundaries
EXAMPLE Organization, facility/facilities, equipment, system(s) and process(es).

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ISO 50002:2014(E)


Note 1 to entry: The energy audit scope can include energy related to transport.

3.5
energy auditor
individual, or team of people, conducting an energy audit (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: Energy audits can be conducted by the organization (3.13) using internal resources or external
resources, such as energy consultants and energy service companies.

Note 2 to entry: An energy auditor, whether internal or external, needs to work with internal personnel relevant
to the defined energy audit scope (3.4).

[SOURCE: EN 16247‑1:2012, 3.2, modified — The expression “group of people or body” has been deleted
and substituted by “or team of people”.]
3.6
energy balance
accounting of inputs and/or generation of energy supply versus energy outputs based on energy
consumption (3.7) by energy use (3.12)
Note 1 to entry: Energy storage is considered within energy supply or energy use. If included in the energy audit
scope (3.4), an energy balance needs to include energy storage and feedstock variation, as well as wasted energy,
or energy content in material flows.

Note 2 to entry: An energy balance reconciles all energy, goods and products that enter the system boundary (3.2)
against the energy, goods and products leaving the system boundary.

3.7
energy consumption
quantity of energy applied
[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.7]
3.8
energy efficiency
ratio or other quantitative relationship between an output of performance, service, goods or energy, and
an input of energy
EXAMPLE Conversion efficiency; energy required/energy used; output/input; theoretical energy used to
operate/energy used to operate.

Note 1 to entry: Both input and output need to be clearly specified in quantity and quality, and be measurable.

[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.8]

3.9
energy flow
description or mapping of processes for transfer of energy or conversion of energy within the defined
energy audit scope (3.4)
3.10
energy performance
measurable results related to energy efficiency (3.8), energy use (3.12) and energy consumption (3.7)
[SOURCE: ISO  50001:2011, 3.12, modified — Notes 1 and 2 have been deleted as they are specific to
energy management.]
3.11
energy performance indicator
EnPI
quantitative value or measure of energy performance (3.10), as defined by the organization (3.13)
Note 1 to entry: EnPIs could be expressed as a simple metric, ratio or a more complex model.

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ISO 50002:2014(E)


[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.13]

3.12
energy use
manner or kind of application of energy
EXAMPLE Ventilation; lighting; heating; cooling; transportation; processes; production lines.

[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.18]

3.13
organization
company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether
incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and administration and that has the
authority to control its energy use (3.12) and consumption
Note 1 to entry: An organization can be a person or a group of people.

[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.22]

3.14
relevant variable
quantifiable parameter impacting energy consumption (3.7)
EXAMPLE Ambient weather indicators; operating parameters (indoor temperature, light level); working
hours; production throughput.

4 Principles

4.1 General
An energy audit is characterized by reliance on a number of principles. These principles help to make
the energy audit an effective and reliable tool in support of management decisions and controls, by
providing information on which an organization can act in order to improve its energy performance.
Adherence to these principles provides a consistent approach to an effective energy audit that would
enable energy auditors, working independently from one another, to reach similar conclusions in similar
circumstances.
It is essential that energy auditor(s) are familiar with applicable health and safety requirements
throughout the audit process.
The organization selects the energy auditor(s) based on the expected energy audit scope, boundaries,
audit objectives and their competencies.

4.2 Energy auditor

4.2.1 Competency

Application of the following principles by the energy auditor is fundamental to the success of the energy
audit.
The energy auditor shall have the knowledge and skills necessary to complete the defined energy audit
scope. Competence can be shown by:
a) appropriate education, skills, experience and/or training considering local or national guidelines
and recommendations;
b) relevant technical skills specific to the energy uses, scope, boundaries and audit objective;

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ISO 50002:2014(E)


c) knowledge of appropriate legal and other requirements;

d) familiarity with the energy uses being audited;
e) knowledge of the requirements of this International Standard, national and local energy auditing
standards;
f) (for a team member designated as lead energy auditor) having the skills to manage and provide
leadership to the energy audit team: a lead auditor should have managerial, professional and
leadership skills in order to manage a team.
NOTE 1 Where there is a single auditor, he/she is considered to be the lead auditor.

NOTE 2 Where a national or local energy auditor certification scheme, or equivalent, is available, certified
energy auditors can be considered. Some schemes can be technology specific.

NOTE 3 The energy auditor is encouraged to demonstrate continual professional development to maintain
and improve auditing knowledge, technical skills and personal attributes. Continual professional development
could be achieved through means such as attendance at meetings, seminars, conferences, technical training, work
experience, self- study, coaching, or other relevant activities.

4.2.2 Confidentiality

The confidentiality of the audit deliverables shall be agreed upon by the organization and the auditor
prior to the start of the energy audit. Energy audit information shall not be used inappropriately
for personal gain by the energy auditor, or in a manner detrimental to the legitimate interest of the
organization.
NOTE This concept includes the proper handling of sensitive or confidential information.

4.2.3 Objectivity

The energy auditor shall act independently and in an impartial manner. Conflicts of interest (personal,
financial or other) shall be identified and disclosed to the organization in a timely manner.
If the organization intends to carry out an energy audit using internal personnel, every effort should be
made to remove bias and encourage objectivity.

4.2.4 Access to equipment, resources and information

For completion of the energy audit based on the defined energy audit scope and boundaries, access is
required to:
a) the organization, facility/facilities, equipment, system(s) and process(es);
b) personnel (engineering, operations, maintenance, etc.), their equipment vendors, contractors and
others to collect information pertinent and useful to the energy audit and analysis of data;
c) other information sources, such as drawings, manuals, test reports, historical utility bill information,
monitoring and control data, electrical equipment panels and calibration records.

4.3 Energy audit

The energy audit shall be conducted according to the following principles:
a) the audit is consistent with the agreed energy audit scope, boundary and audit objective(s);
b) the measurements and observations are appropriate to the energy uses and consumption;
c) the collected energy performance data are representative of the activities, processes, equipment
and systems;

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ISO 50002:2014(E)


d) the used data for quantifying energy performance and identifying improvement opportunities are
consistent and unique;
e) the process of collecting, validating and analysing data is traceable;
f) the energy audit report provides energy performance improvement opportunities based on
appropriate technical and economic analysis.
NOTE Appropriate analysis is consistent with the energy audit scope and sufficiently detailed to allow for
effective decision making.

4.4 Communication
The energy auditor and organization shall establish communication channels and methods necessary
to facilitate the audit in a timely manner. Clear lines of communication are essential for the energy audit
team, among the team and with the organization, in a timely manner.

4.5 Roles, responsibilities and authority

The energy auditor(s) and the organization shall determine their respective roles, responsibilities and
authority prior to the start of the energy audit.
NOTE Annex A provides guidance on the typical roles and responsibilities during an energy audit.

5 Performing an energy audit

5.1 General
The energy audit process consists of the following stages, as illustrated in Figure 1:
a) energy audit planning (5.2);
b) opening meeting (5.3) and data collection (5.4);
c) measurement plan (5.5);
d) conducting the site visit (5.6);
e) analysis (5.7);
f) energy audit reporting (5.8);
g) closing meeting (5.9).

Figure 1 — Energy audit process flow diagram

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