UNIT-I

HYGIENE AND HEALTH

CHAPTER 4

INTRODUCTION
Hvgiene word derived from Greek term Hygeia'. Hygeia means 'Goodness of Health'.
Hygiene is a group of practices implemented for the preservation of health. According (to
WHO, Hygiene mention to conditions and practices that use to maintain health and prevent
the spread of diseases. Personal hygiene refers to continued body health. Hygiene is
described as the science and art, which is related with the protection and promotion of good
health.
Health, as described by WHO are state of total physical, mental, and social health and
not only the absence of disease. Health may be defined as the capacity to improve the
physical, mental and social provocations throughout life.
TYPES OF HEALTH
There are two types of health
Physical health
Mental health
1) Physical Health: Physical health is defined as the health which is free from illness or
injury.
Maintaining physical fitnes_
Regular exercis
Intake of all nutrition in diet
Sufficient rest for physical health
Lack of disease due to regular proper workout
Regular exercise and proper workout can protect and develop the patience of a
person's breathing
Heart function, body flexibility, muscular strength
2) Mental Health: Mental health means person's emotional, psychological and social
health.Mental health is important for vital lifestyle. Mental health is not only the absence of
anxiety, depression and any disorder.
Mental health depends on the ability to
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secure
Feel safe and
contribution to their communities
" Make meaningful
" Adapt the difficulties
"Staying positive
" Helping others
others
" Connecting with
TYPES OF HYGIENE

1)Industrial hygiene
2) School hygiene
3) Community hygiene
4) Personal hygiene
hygiene is the, identification, expectation, control
Industrial
1) Industrial hygiene: protection from danger or risk at work that may resultin
evaluation and verification of
employee.
illness, injury or affectthe health of most important part of school health
hygiene is the
2) School Hygiene: School school habitat. It explores the impact of schooling
study of
education. School hygiene is the children. School hygiene education is to improve behavior
to physical and mental health of personal, water, food, domestic and public hygiene.
through useful practices connected to
Community hygiene is the group of people. Those people are
3) Community Hygiene: living
level, focusing more hygiene problem and
responsible for improving public health
conditions in the village.
Personal Hygiene: Personal hygiene may be defined as the maintaining grooming
4)
andcleanliness of the body.
Health, Personal Hygiene consists of bathing, brushing teeth and washing
For Good
your hands,clean clothing.
PERSONAL HYGIENE AND HEALTH CARE
Personal hygiene may be defined as the maintaining the body's cleanliness. Hygiene is å
broad term it involves some personal habits that are:
Bath regularly
Change clothing regularly
Wash hands
Cut fingernails
Brushing teeth
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Washing scalp hair
Removing hair
Exercise daily
Personal hygiene plays very important role in society. Every society
improves and maintains quality and level of maintaining cleanliness. Personalcivilization
involves all those individual factors, which improve the health and good hygiene
individual.
health of an

PRINCIPLES OF PERSONAL HYGIENE

Health practices directly affect the mental, physical, social health of a persorn.
Prevention of microorganism into the body by good health practices.
Practice proper hygiene.
Sanitize all equipments and machines, tools before handling or preparing.
Prevent cross contamination.
Follow hazard analysis critical control points.
Objectives:
To develop the level of health,
To defend oneself from sickness.
Restoration of health.
Main objective is personal hygiene.
Causes of Personal hygiene:,
1. To upgrade the self-respect in the society
2. To keep resistance and safety from infection
3. To encourage mental health
4. To encourage good health
5. To prevent sickness
6. To increase the level of health
7. To maintain quality life of an individual
8. To encourage community and spiritual health
Advantages of Personal Hygiene:
1. Contribution in the atmosphere (environmental) health and environmental
prevention
2. Improve in immune system
3. Various infections are under control
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4. Improvement in ears, mouth, teeth, skin, hair and feet
free nose, eyes,
5. Healthy and germ for hiseveryday activities
individual
6. Saving the energy and spirit of to keep germs away r
regularly is an effective way
7. Washing your hands
spreading
Routine bathing will help to remove such wastes from the skin surface and allow the
8
pores on the skin to sweat freely
9. Maintaining personal hygiene helps to projects a positive and attractive body image
person's
10. Good personal hygiene and sanitation also increases
communication interpersonal
11. Staff like pharmacist and other health practitioners must practice high hygiene
practice to prevent any spread of infections to the buyer.
IMPORTANCE OF PERSONAL HYGIENE
Personal hygiene
1) Hand washing
2) Dental care
3) Bathing
4) Hygienic clothes
5) Nail calf
1) Hand washing: Our hands are the biggest
carriers of germs. We use our hands
continuously during the day like:
Eating food
Typing on the laptop
Shaking hand
Using common phone etc.
Tostop the spread of possible
hands daily or regularly wash yourdisease generating germs, all you need to do is was
hands with water, soap,and original
Certain conditions in which person liquid hand e
After using the toilet
should always wash his hands include :
Before preparing or eating meal
After sneezing, coughing
After handling animals
After playing
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2) Dental care: Tooth cavity and gum problem are caused by

snmbination of bacteria, and food. Plaque brings to make up on teeth afterepidemic,
a sticky
not remove plaque, it turns into a hard tartar. Plaque and tartar irritate the
eating. If you do
germs. Bacteria
and the toxins they produce cause the gums to become:
Swollen
Infected
By taking good care of gums and teeth, you can
prevent problems such as tooth
infection and gum diseases.
For maintaining healthy clean teeth and healthy gums follow these
points:
Do not smoke. Smoking people have more teeth and
gum problems.
Eat a healthy diet. You have got less gum disease if you eat
healthy food.
Change your tooth brush every 3 to 4 months.
Avoid sweets and sweetened drinks.
Brush your teeth twice a day with a soft-brestled tooth brush.
Dental floss at least once per day. It is best to floss before brushing. Dental floss
removes plaque from teeth and on the gums.
Use Fluoride tooth paste to strengthen tooth enamel. It helps to
prevent tooth
disease.
Store tooth brush in a clean and dry place.
3) Bathing:Bathing is avery important part of personal hygiene. Person should take
bath or shower daily using soap and hot water. To maintain active, fresh and clean body
follow these points
Wash your hair at least twice a week using shampoo, conditioner. It protect scalp
from dandruff, itching and head lice.
Ifyou have any skin infections, such as swellings, injuries (tinea pedis) athletes foot,
carefully wash and dry the affected areas daily. It can help the situation.
Washing everyday with Dettol soap and hot water helps to protect body odor. It will
destroy the bacteria on your skin responsible for the bad smell.
If you have been out in the home, or caught in the rain taking a warm shower when
youget home and by using dettolsoap will clean harmful germs of your body.
4) Hygienic clothes: Dirt and bacteria can grow up on your clothes. For personal
hygiene routine it is necessary to take care of clothes by following some important points:
Change clothes after bathing, you don't want to put dirtyclothes on toaclean body.
Clean under garments.
Change sweaty clothes.
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5) Nail care: Nail care is also very important part of personal hygiene. Some
Pharmacy
points for nail care are:
1. Clean your nails daily.
important
2. Keep nails trim.
3. Do not cut nails shorter than skin level.
4. Cut toe nails straights across.
5. Smooth rough nail edges with a filer.
6. Round your fingernails slightly while trimming them.
Personal hygiene is not difficult, but once you have a good personal hygiene routine in
place it quickly becomes habit. It is very necessary that you set agood example for
children to follow personal hygiene. your
Avoidable habits: There are some avoidable habits which are not good for health. These
are:

Smoking
Nail biting
Licking nose
1)Smoking:
Smoking is the part of unhygiene. It is not good for human body.
Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death.
Smoking causes pre-mature skin aging, yellowing of teeth,bad breath.
Smokers are at risk of many health problems associated with
direct smoking.
Smoking can damage every part of the body.
Smoking is not good for health so avoid this habit as
2) sOon as possible.
Nail Biting :
Nail biting is unhygienic, for health as it
leads to dental problems and also caus
stomach problems.
Person who bites nails tends to have shorter
may especially become absent. nails. Their nail plates also disfigure
Nail biting behavior must be
If you make habits then you changed with another neutral to positive habit.
can break habit.
3) Picking nose:
Nose picking is an unhygienic habit.
Nose picking is rarely the cause of any serious problems in healthy individualsbut
avoid this habit.
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Some most common unhygienic habits are:

1. Eating at the working desks.
2 Leaving the dirty dishes around the public locations.
3. Sneezing and not covering mouth with tissue.
4. Not flushing the toilet.
5. Not washing the hand properly after toilet use.
6. Picking dirty spoon.
7. Picking nose.
8. Nail biting.
9. Not brushing your teeth daily.
10. Using too much perfume to cover up bad body smell.
11. People smoking a cigarette and share their hands after.
12. Not washing fruit/vegetables before use.
13. Improper disposal of sanitary protection items.
Activities to achieve Personal Hygiene are:
1. Understanding the importance of family planning.
2. Understanding the importance ofimmunization.
3. Maintaining balance and co-ordination in diet sleep and exercise.
4. Taking care of cleanliness of the body.
5. Not to be a carrier of infection of others.
6. Regular physical checkup.
7. Making or planning healthy habits for healthy life style.
8. Getting educated about personal hygiene.
9. Participating in community health programs.
10. Control on extra diet.
Pharmacist role in Personal Hygiene:
1. The pharmacist has to motivate in carrying out the physicians orders.
2. The pharmacist should determine the needs of patients and recognizing related
pharmacist problems.
3. The phamacist necessity to collect further information about the patient's identified
problem.
4. The pharmacists give all information about your prescriptions and hygiene.
O. Pharmacists make sure you make good use or proper use of your medication which
iS prescribed by the doctor.
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6. Pharmacist is a frontier health

care professional. Pharmacy
supply of hygienic care provides the pharmacist for daily analysis of
7. Direct physical state. the
patient's emotional &
REVIEW QUESTIONS

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Q.1. Define Poverty and Health.
Q.2. What are the effects of Poverty on Health?
Q.3. Define Health?

Q.4. What do you understand by Balanced Diet?

Q.5. Write the features of good health?
Q.6. Define Urbanization?
Q.7. Define Environment?
Q.8. What is the role of pharmacist in personal hygiene?
Q.9. What are objectives of personal hygiene?
Q.10. Write the symptoms of malnutrition?
Q.11. Define vitamin K and their sources?
Q.12. What is the function of vitamin E?
Q.13. Write the sources of vitmain D?
Q.14. Classify Fat soluble vitamins?
Q.15. What is the organization of Balanced diet?
Q.16. Define Macronutrients?

LONG ANSWERQUESTIONS
Q.1. Write a brief note on
social and health education with the principle and importance
education?
Q2. Define Nutrition and describe their
relation to
Q3. What do you understand by balanced diet. nutrition
Describe and
the health.
importance aand components
Balanced diet?
Q.4. Describe Nutritional deficiency in detail?
Q.5. Describe water soluble vitamins with
Describe Malnutrition and their causestheir
Q.6. suitable examples and deficiency diseases?
in detail?
Q.7. What is health and classify
Q.8. What are the health and hygiene in detail.
importances of personal hygiene in detail?