Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

* 8 8 0 0 2 0 6 0 0 3 *

CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/21

Paper 2 (Core) May/June 2016
2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 28.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 28 printed pages.

DC (ST/SG) 109968/6
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1 Fig. 1.1 shows a house.

wind turbine

solar panels

Fig. 1.1

(a) In the garden of the house there is a wind turbine. The turbine generates electricity.

State the main energy transformation in the wind turbine.

.............................................. energy to .............................................. energy. [1]

(b) There are solar panels on the roof of the house. Infra-red radiation from the Sun heats up
water in the panels.

Suggest what colour the panels should be painted.

Explain your answer.

colour .......................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) The heated water is stored in a copper tank. During the night, the water cools as thermal
energy passes from the water, through the copper, to the air surrounding the tank.

State the name of this energy transfer process.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

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(d) Wind energy and energy from the Sun are both examples of renewable energy resources.

State two other renewable energy resources.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(e) State one disadvantage of using solar energy to heat water.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(f) Infra-red radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Place infra-red in the correct position in the incomplete electromagnetic spectrum below.

X-rays visible light microwaves

[1]

(g) There is a lake near the house.

The wind blowing across the lake creates waves on the surface of the water.

One of these waves is represented in Fig. 1.2.

Fig. 1.2

On Fig. 1.2, draw a double headed arrow ( ) to indicate

(i) the amplitude, labelled A, [1]

(ii) one wavelength, labelled W. [1]

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(h) The wind turbine is noisy. The owner of the house fits double-glazing to the windows.

Fig. 1.3 shows the sound waves from the wind turbine measured outside and inside the
house.

air
pressure

outside
time

air
pressure

inside
time

Fig. 1.3

Circle two phrases that describe the sound waves from the turbine inside the house compared
with those outside the house.

higher volume lower volume same volume

higher pitch lower pitch same pitch [2]

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2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows a flower as seen from the side and the same flower in a horizontal section
taken along the line X–X.

X X

side view of horizontal section

flower of flower

Fig. 2.1

(i) On the horizontal section, label a sepal and a stamen. [2]

(ii) State how it will affect the plant if all the stamens are removed from the flower.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Name the part of the flower that will develop into a seed.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(b) In an experiment, a student incubates seeds at different temperatures on dishes containing

cotton wool.

After one week, the student records the percentage of seeds that germinate. Fig. 2.2 shows
the results.

100

% of seeds
germinating

50

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
temperature / °C

Fig. 2.2

(i) State the optimum temperature for the germination of these seeds.

....................................................................... °C [1]

(ii) State two conditions that the student would need to provide to ensure that the seeds
could germinate when the temperature is right.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) Suggest why very few seeds germinate

at 5 °C, ...............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

at 45 °C. .............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iv) Even in perfect environmental conditions for germination, some seeds will not germinate.
Suggest a possible reason why.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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Please turn over for Question 3.

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3 (a) In many countries, water for drinking is taken from rivers and lakes.

The water contains insoluble material and microorganisms. It is treated, before being sent to
homes.

(i) Name the process that is used to remove insoluble materials.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Microorganisms are destroyed by treating the water with chlorine.

Suggest the risk to humans if microorganisms are not destroyed before water is sent into
homes.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows apparatus used to produce chlorine gas.

chlorine gas

copper chloride
solution carbon
cathode

carbon
anode

+ –
d.c.
power supply

Fig. 3.1

Chlorine gas is produced when an electric current passes through a solution of copper
chloride.

(i) Name the process shown in Fig. 3.1.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(ii) Describe a safe chemical test for chlorine and give the positive result.

test ....................................................................................................................................

result .................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) Describe how the colour of the cathode changes during the process shown in Fig. 3.1.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iv) State why there is a change in the appearance of the cathode in Fig. 3.1.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Fig. 3.2 shows chlorine gas being bubbled through a colourless solution of sodium bromide.

The solution in the test-tube becomes orange.

chlorine gas

sodium bromide
solution

Fig. 3.2

(i) Name the orange substance that is produced.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Explain why chlorine produces the orange substance when it reacts with sodium bromide.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a graph of the motion of a truck over 40 seconds.

C D
20

15

speed
m/s 10

A
5
B

0 E
0 10 20 30 40
time / s
Fig. 4.1

(i) Describe the motion of the truck between A and B.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Describe the motion of the truck between D and E.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) State the speed of the truck at 25 seconds.

....................................................................... m / s [1]

(iv) At what point on the graph does the truck stop moving?

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Calculate the distance travelled by the truck between C and D.

Show your working.

distance = ...................................................... m [2]

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(b) The truck enters a town. The truck brakes to slow down.

(i) On Fig. 4.2, draw one arrow to show the direction of a force acting to slow down the
truck. Label the arrow to describe the force acting. [2]

direction of movement

Fig. 4.2

(ii) When the truck slows down it loses kinetic energy.

Suggest what happens to most of this kinetic energy.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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5 Fig. 5.1 shows part of the carbon cycle.

carbon dioxide in
atmosphere

X
Y

gradual production of
fossil fuels

coal, oil
and gas

Fig. 5.1

(a) Name the processes labelled X and Y.

X ...............................................................................................................................................

Y ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Describe and explain the effect on the carbon cycle of

(i) deforestation,

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) using coal in power stations.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(c) (i) State how energy is gained by the ecosystem.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State how energy is lost from the ecosystem.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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6 (a) (i) The elements in the Periodic Table are placed in order of increasing proton number.

Name the part of an atom that contains protons.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State two ways in which an electron differs from a proton.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Chlorine, Cl, is in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

Potassium combines with chlorine in an exothermic reaction to form crystals of potassium

chloride.

(i) State the meaning of the word exothermic.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Potassium, K, is in Group I of the Periodic Table.

Describe what happens when a potassium atom changes into a potassium ion. Include
the electrical charge of the potassium ion in your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

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(c) The graph in Fig. 6.1 shows the maximum mass of potassium chloride that dissolves in
100 cm3 of water at different temperatures.

50

40
mass of
potassium chloride
that dissolves in
100 cm3 water / g
30

20

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
temperature / °C

Fig. 6.1

(i) Describe the trend shown in Fig. 6.1.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Use the graph to estimate the mass of potassium chloride that dissolves in 100 cm3 of
water at 70 °C.

mass = ....................................................... g [1]

(iii) Potassium chloride is used to provide potassium (K) in NPK fertilisers.

Name the other two important elements that NPK fertiliser provides.

1 .......................................................................

2 .......................................................................
[1]

(iv) Explain why it is important to crops that potassium chloride is soluble in water.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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7 (a) Below is a list of materials.

aluminium copper glass iron plastic

From the list choose one material to match each description below.

Each material can be used once, more than once or not at all.

• It can be charged by rubbing with a cloth. ............................................

• It can be used to make a magnet. ............................................

• It can be used to make a lens. ............................................

• It is used as the conductor in electric cables. ............................................

• It is a good conductor of heat. ............................................

• It is used as an electrical insulator around electric cables. ............................................

[3]

54
(b) One nuclide of iron is represented in nuclide notation as 26Fe.

54
For one neutral atom of 26Fe, state

(i) its nucleon number, ............................................ [1]

(ii) the number of neutrons, ............................................ [1]

(iii) the number of electrons. ............................................ [1]

(c) Iron has a melting point of 1538 °C.

State the meaning of the term melting point.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

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(d) Iron is an example of a solid at room temperature.

The three diagrams A, B and C, in Fig. 7.1, show the different arrangements of particles in
the three states of matter.

A B C

Fig. 7.1

Use the correct letter A, B or C from Fig. 7.1 to fill in the blank and complete the statement to
explain your choice.

Diagram ................ shows solid iron because the particles ......................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(e) A piece of iron has a mass of 39 g and a volume of 4.9 cm3.

Calculate the density of the piece of iron.

State the formula you use, show your working and state the unit of your answer.

formula

working

density = .................................... unit = ..................... [3]

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8 A balanced diet should contain some fat.

(a) (i) State one function of fat in the body.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) List the six other components of a balanced diet.

1 ..........................................................

2 ..........................................................

3 ..........................................................

4 ..........................................................

5 ..........................................................

6 .......................................................... [6]

(b) Fig. 8.1 shows the structure of the human alimentary canal and associated organs.

Fig. 8.1

(i) On Fig. 8.1 label, with a line and the letter G, a gland that secretes an enzyme for fat
digestion. [1]

(ii) Name this enzyme.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Name the part of the alimentary canal in which most of the products of fat digestion are
absorbed.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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9 Ancient civilisations made use of iron which had fallen to Earth in meteorites.

These meteorites contained a mixture of iron and nickel.

meteorite made of a mixture ancient metal tools

of iron and nickel

(a) (i) State the general term for a mixture of metals.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Suggest one advantage of the metal from the meteorite for tool-making compared to
pure iron.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Name the collection of metals in the Periodic Table that contain both iron and nickel.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iv) State two properties that are typical of the collection of metals in (a)(iii) that are not
shared by sodium.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(b) In industry, iron is produced when iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide.

In this reaction, the carbon monoxide is converted into carbon dioxide.

(i) Construct the word equation for this reaction.

+ +
[2]

(ii) State and explain which of the substances in this reaction is reduced.

substance reduced .................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(c) Mild steel contains mainly iron and easily rusts.

Fig. 9.1 shows an experiment to investigate the rusting of nails made of mild steel.

A B C

test-tube filled
dry air with water
containing no
dissolved air
painted
cotton wool nail

water
drying agent

Fig. 9.1

State and explain whether or not each nail in tubes A, B and C rusts.

tube A .......................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

tube B .......................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

tube C .......................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

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10 (a) A school has a corner in a corridor where the students are likely to collide.

To avoid collisions, a plane mirror is placed across the corner. This is shown in Fig. 10.1.

plane mirror
normal
corridor

science laboratory
Y

Fig. 10.1

Student X is able to see student Y around the corner by using the mirror.

(i) On Fig. 10.1, label the angle of incidence of the ray of light with an i. [1]

(ii) The angle of incidence is 30°. State the value of the angle of reflection.

......................................................... ° [1]

(iii) At the corner, student X sees her own image in the mirror.

Select two words or phrases from the list below that describe her image correctly.

larger than object real same size as object

smaller than object upright upside down virtual

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[1]

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(b) In the school science laboratory, a student builds an electric circuit.

Fig. 10.2 shows a circuit diagram for the circuit.

12 1 R

Fig. 10.2

(i) Name the instrument represented by the symbol:

............................................................[1]

(ii) The reading on instrument A is 0.30 A and on instrument V is 6 V.

Calculate the value of resistance R.

State any formula you use and show your working.

formula

working

resistance = ...................................................... Ω [3]

(iii) One of the resistors is replaced by a variable resistor.

Draw the symbol for a variable resistor.

[1]

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11 Mice usually have brown fur, but some mice have white fur due to the presence of recessive
alleles for white.

(a) Using F for the dominant alleles and f for the recessive alleles, state all the possible genotypes
of

(i) a brown mouse, ..............................................................................................................[1]

(ii) a white mouse. ..............................................................................................................[1]

(b) The length of the fur in mice is also genetically determined. Short fur is dominant to long fur.

(i) Complete the genetic diagram to show the result of crossing two heterozygous mice with
short fur. Include both genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring and state the ratio of
the phenotypes.

parents

phenotypes short fur short fur

genotypes Hh Hh

gametes ................... ................ ................... ................

offspring

male gametes

............... ...............

........................... ...........................
...............
female gametes

........................... ...........................

........................... ...........................
...............
........................... ...........................

ratio of phenotypes ........................... : ........................... [4]

(ii) Explain why the offspring of two mice with long fur will always have long fur.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

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12 Alkanes and alkenes are two families of compounds that contain carbon.

(a) Both alkanes and alkenes produce carbon dioxide when they burn in air.

(i) Name one other substance that may be produced when alkanes and alkenes burn.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Name a liquid mixture, containing mainly alkanes, that is used as fuel for cars.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Name the process that is used in the chemical industry to convert alkanes into alkenes.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 12.1 shows diagrams to represent the molecules of the different gaseous carbon
compounds contained in three gas cylinders J, K and L.

key
a carbon atom
- . /
an oxygen atom
a hydrogen atom

Fig. 12.1

(i) State and explain which cylinder contains a gas that reacts with limewater to form a
white precipitate.

container .....................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State and explain which cylinder contains molecules of ethane.

container .....................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(c) Ethene molecules can be made to react with each other when heated at high pressure.
When they react under these conditions they form a polymer.

(i) Describe what happens to the ethene molecules when they form a polymer.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Name the substance that is produced when ethene forms a polymer.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) Sodium reacts with substances in the air.

A piece of sodium is protected by placing it in a liquid.

State and explain in which bottle, M or N, shown in Fig. 12.2, the sodium is placed.

M N

liquid paraffin
made of water
alkane molecules

Fig. 12.2

bottle .....................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

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13 Fig. 13.1 shows part of a transverse section of a leaf, as seen through a microscope.

Fig. 13.1

In this leaf, name

(a) a tissue where photosynthesis occurs,

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) two tissues specialised for transport,

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) a place where water loss occurs from the leaf.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

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 The Periodic Table of Elements

© UCLES 2016
Group
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

the live examination series.

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
28

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 117 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

0654/21/M/J/16
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cr Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.)

Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
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