OSH Management System and Law

Pertaining to OSH in SL
 The causes of injury

Unsafe
Conditions
4%

96%
Unsafe Acts

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 The hazard pyramid

Fire rages and involves nearby

facilities. Slow emergency
response leads to catastrophic 1
blaze. Many injured, some dead Fatal
Fire worsens. Emergency plan
activated and fire controlled. 30 Major
Some people hospitalized. Injuries
Fire starts and is seen. No fire-
extinguisher available. Fire 300
worse and people injured. Lost Time Injuries

Small fire starts. Noticed

and put out quickly. 3,000
Near-Misses or First Aid
Hot work performed 30,000 Hazards
without permit. Seen …
but no action taken
- Unsafe Acts &
- Employee-Created
Unsafe Conditions
Copyright © 2003 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. All rights reserved. 3
 Most of the costs are hidden

DIRECT COSTS
Direct Costs Medical costs
Wage indemnity
Claims administration fees

INDIRECT COSTS
Insurance premium increase
Up to 5X as large Damaged equipment & goods
Lost production and quality
Process Interruptions/Yield Losses
Replacement Labor / Overtime
Litigation
Damage to Customer Relations &
Public Image
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Beliefs and Safety Principles (examples)
 All injuries are preventable
 Management is responsible for preventing
injuries
 Working safely is a condition of employment
 All exposures can be safeguarded
 Safety training is essential
 Employee involvement is essential
 Prevention of injuries is good business
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6
 Implementation Cycle / OHS Mgt. System
Elements

Initial Status Review

Management OHS Policy

Review
Planning
Checking and
Implementation and
Corrective Action
Operation

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Process Safety and Risk Management Model

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 12 Elements of World-Class Safety

 Strong Demonstrated Management Commitment

Safety Policies and Principles


 Challenging Goals and Plans

Leadership
 High Standards of Performance Elements

 Supportive Safety Personnel

 Safety as a Line Organization Responsibility Organizational
 Integrated Organization for Safety

 Progressive Motivation Elements

 Effective Communication
 Continuous Safety Training and Development Operational
 Injury and Incident Investigations and Reports

 Effective Audits and Re-evaluation Elements

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Management Commitment and Planning

 Health and Safety policy

 Organisational structure for Health & safety

 Assign responsibilities
 Communicate safety information
 Health & Safety plan
 Management review of performance

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OH&S policy – Example 1

We provide healthy and safe workplaces by

striving for zero risk to our employees,
contractors and visitors.

We apply OH&S standards and guidelines,

provide the necessary resources and training,
and measure performance.

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 OH&S policy – Example 2

The Company ensure all employees are provided with the

proper equipment, training and safe operating procedures they
need in order to do their job. Employees are responsible for
following all safe operating procedures, working safely and
participating in the continuous improvement of the Company's
safety standards.

The corporate goal is to maintain an injury and accident free

workplace. The company is committed to achieving this goal
through continuous safety and loss prevention initiatives.

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Management Commitment and Planning

 Health and Safety policy

 Organisational structure for Health and Safety

 Assign responsibilities
 Communicate safety information
 Health and Safety plan
 Management review of performance

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 Integrated Organization for OH & S

CEO
Chairman
Central Safety Committee

Safety Director Physician

Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept.

Head Head Head Head Head

Departmental Safety Committee

Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor

Area Safety Committee

First-Line First-Line First-Line First-Line First-Line First-Line First-Line

Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor

First-Line Supervisor Safety Meeting

Employee Employee Employee Employee Employee Employee Employee 14
 Integrated Organization for OH & S

Central Safety and Health Committee

Supporting Implementing

Line Organization

Subcommittees Safety Department

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Management Commitment and Planning

 Health and Safety policy

 Organisational structure for Health and safety

 Assign responsibilities
 Communicate safety information
 Health and Safety plan
 Management review of performance

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Management Commitment and Planning
 Health and Safety policy
 Organisational structure for Health and Safety

 Assign responsibilities
 Communicate safety information
 Health and Safety plan
 Management review of performance

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Safety Communication

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Structure and Organisation
 Safety incorporated into position descriptions
 Safety reviewed as part of performance review system

 Training
 Induction training

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Head Protection
 Hard Hats (Safety Helmets)
 Safety helmet must be worn inside the plant to prevent
injury from flying and falling objects all the time
 Change liner every year
 Newly every 5 years

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Safety Foot Wear
 Safety foot wear must be worn in side the plant
 Shoes / Boots
 Steel toe
 Compression, puncture
 Metatarsal guards
 Protects top of foot behind toe
 Chemical resistant
 Prevents contact with chemicals

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Hearing Protectors
 Ear Plugs - preferred (NRR* 20-30 dB)
 Ear Muffs - 2nd choice (NRR 15-30 dB)
 Double Hearing Protectors (plugs and muffs) (NRR 30-40
dB) used for levels over 115 dB

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Noise Levels
 Measured in decibels (dB)
– Whisper- 10-20 dB
– Speech- 60 dB
– Noisy Office- 80 dB
– Lawnmower- 95 dB
– Passing Truck- 100 dB
– Jet Engine- 150 dB
 OSHA Limit (PEL) - 85 dB

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Face Protection
 Eye Protection
 Glasses
 side shields
 Z-87
 Goggles
 dusty, chemicals
 Face shield

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Personal Protective Equipment
 Required when engineering or administrative controls are
inadequate.
 Must be properly selected and worn
 Training is required.
 Pre-Job analysis
 Hazard Assessment

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Respiratory Hazards
 Toxic
– Dusts, fumes, and mists (particulate)
– Gases and vapors
 Oxygen deficiency or enrichment
 Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)

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Respiratory Protection
 Air-Purifying (APR)
 Dust Mask
 Half Face
 Full Face
 Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR)
 Supplied Air (SAR)
 Air-line
 Hood style
 Face piece style
 Half Face
 Full Face
 Escape provisions
 Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
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Hearing Conservation
 Hearing Loss
 Disease
 Age
 Excessive Noise
 Workplace:
 Crusher area
 Raw mill area
 Cement mill area
 Inside Compressors rooms
 Environmental
 Recreational
 Other Effects of Noise
 Elevated blood pressure, stress, sleeplessness
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Seat Belts
 Seat Belts MUST be used at all times while operating any
company vehicle or equipment
 No Speeding
 Obey Stop Signs
 Stop at Railway Crossings
 Watch out for and YIELD to pedestrians
 Stay well back from behind heavy equipment and trucks
 When operating any equipment inside buildings, drive
slow…

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 what can I do personally? …‘walk the talk’ on OH&S!

 Use PPE

 Walk around with your eyes open - do simple OH&S checks

as part of your daily business. Eg: Is there a level of risk we
cannot tolerate relating to:
 If you do see a problem, then

… DON’T WALK PAST!..............Fix it straight away or

make a report

Mobile plant / Dust, gases & fumes Slips, trips & falls
vehicles 30
Hazard Identification / Risk Assessment

 Active identification of hazards

 Assessment of risk and setting of priorities

 Development of risk-based operating procedures

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Cigarette buds

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Materials are kept on 440v
electrical cables

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Machine Guard to be
adjusted

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High Risk Work Permits
 Top priority
 High risk of fatality or permanent disability

 Various topics:
Lockout / isolation
Confined space
Hot work
Heights
Excavation

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Task Analysis
 Detailed analysis of task
 Identification of hazards

 Evaluation of risks
 Development of Safe Working Procedures (especially
maintenance)

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Planned Inspections
 Develop site specific checklists
 Train personnel

 Link to corrective action system

 Examples
Lifting equipment
Guards
Hand tools
Housekeeping
Signage

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Incident Investigation
 Hazard reporting
 Incident reporting

 Incident investigation
 Cause analysis
 Corrective actions
 Statistical analysis

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Corrective Action System
 Identify need for corrective action
 Assign responsibility

 Monitor implementation
 Review effectiveness

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Document Management
 Control of documents
 Control of records

 Safety Manual

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Document Management

 Samples of documents
 Hot work Permits
 Excavation Permit
 Incident Investigation Report

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Emergency Planning
 Threat analysis
 Plan to address threats

 Plan is controlled document

 Plan is communicated
 Trials / drills are undertaken

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Design Safety
 Risk assessment as part of the design process
 Hierarchy of risk controls

 Safety training for designers

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Internal Audits
 Auditor training
 Internal reviews of the effectiveness of the safety
systems
 Link to corrective actions

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Inspection and Testing
 Critical safety devices
 Control of maintenance activities

 Control of contractors
 Workplace monitoring – noise, dust etc.
 Health monitoring – hearing etc.

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Purchasing
 Consideration of safety in the design process
 Training for those involved in purchasing

 Management of contractors

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Job Observations
 Scheduled programme of job observations
 Training of supervisors

 Feedback to workers

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Management of Changes
 Identification of changes
 Analyse change for safety implications

 Implement suitable risk controls

 Communicate changes
 Update documentation

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External Audits
 Independent confirmation of status

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Corporate Social Responsibility
 Identification of Corporate Social Responsibilities
 Particular issues
- Rehabilitation
- Employee assistance programme

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Legal Obligations
 Confirm that all legal obligations have been
satisfied
 Factories Ordinance in Sri Lanka

 Occupational Safety & Health Admin (OSHA)

 Health & Safety Commission (HSC) / Health &

Safety Executive (HSE)

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To become World Class Practice
 Implementation of each element
 Systems in place

 Documentation

 Confirmed by internal and external audits

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 THANK YOU !!! 

QUESTIONS

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