Libro de Tercer Nivel de Ingles Completo

1
BASIC 2
ABRIL – AGOSTO 2024
CONTENT
0
CONTENT
UNIT 1. MODERN
WORLD
Pages Lessons Content Grammar Vocabulary
5 1A Technology Be going to –affirmative Be going Technology

Technology to -
affirmative
11
Be going to- Be going
1B Weather Weather
to-
conditions negative and conditio
negative
questions ns
and
questions
Weather
conditions
17
1C Life plans and Be going to vs.will Be going to Life plans
future events vs.will andfuture
Life plans and future events
events
22 Present continuous Present
1D Meeting Meeting
/will/be going to continuo
arrangements and
us
Meeting /will/be going to reunion
arrangements arrangeme
nts
28 1E. Autonomous Autonomouswork
Autonomo Autonomo
work
uswork uswork
1
UNIT 2. CHOICES
Pages Lessons Content Grammar Vocabulary
32 2A World facts Zero conditional Zero conditional World facts

World facts Life situations
Complaints in
service
36 2B Possibilities May-might-could Possibilities and

and certainty in Possibilities and May-might-could certainty in the
the world certainty in the world
world Predictions based
on mini-cases
44 2C World issues First conditional/if- First conditional/if- World issues
when-unless-in when-unless-in Poverty and crime
case case
World issues
50 2D Lifestyle Zero conditional Zero conditional Lifesty
problems andfirst andfirst le
conditional conditional proble
Lifestyle problems ms
Challenges in
Friendship
56 2E. Autonomous work Autonomous work

Autonomo
uswork
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UNIT 3. ALL THE
ACTION
Page Lessons Content Grammar Vocabulary
s
61 3A Movies Passive voice-present Passive voice-present Movies Review
Review simple, past simple simple, past simple
Movies Review
68 3B News Passive voice-present Passive voice-present

continuous and past continuous and past News
continuous continuous
News
75 3C Passive voice-present Passive voice-present
perfect and past perfect perfect and past perfect Environmental
Environmental disasters
disasters Environmental
disasters
82 3D Future Passive voice future Passive voice future

simple Future inventions
inventions simple
Future inventions
90 3E Autonomous
work Autonomous work Autonomous work
UNIT 4.
INTERVIEWS
s
93 4A Common job
interview Tag questions: Tag questions: Common job
questions Present be, present presentbe, present interview
simple simple questions
Common job
interview questions
100 4B Job meetings Tag questions: Past Tag questions:
Job meetings
simple, past pastsimple,
continuous past continuous
Job meetings
107 4C Run into Tag questions: Tag questions:
Present present Run into someone
someone
perfect, Past perfect perfect, past perfect
Run into someone
113 4D My dreams Tag questions: Tag questions: future
My dreams
Futuresimple simple
My dreams
118 4E Autonomous
work Autonomous work Autonomous work Autonomous work
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UNIT 5. DIFFERENT
CULTURES
s
121 5A Money Too/enough
transactions Money transactions Too/enough Money
transactions
127 5B Basic Infinitives
Basic consumer
consumer Basic consumer products Infinitives
products
products
134 5C Spare time Gerunds
Spare time
activities Spare time activities Gerunds
activities
140 5D Tips for Infinitives VS. Gerund Infinitives Tips for

remembering Tips for remembering
vs.gerund
remembering
147 5E
Autonomous Autonomous work Autonomous Autonomous work
work work
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UNIT 1
MODERN WORLD
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Students will be able:
➢ To plan to equip with high tech and rebuild an old space at home to
have the gaming room.
➢ To make plans and predictions about the weather
➢ To use imagination and creativity to create a technology catastrophic
event in the future, involving predictions and plans.
➢ To arrange a family reunion.
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TECHNOLOGY
UNIT 1 LESSON 1A
be going to affirmative
A. VOCABULARY
1. Match the pictures with the words on your right.
e c b
Vocabulary List
a) Artificial Intelligence
b) High-tech
c) Features
h j f d) Upgrade
e) Schedules
f) Charging stations
g) Network
d a i h) Reliable
i) Devices
j) Widescreen
2. Complete the sentences with the most appropriate vocabulary.
reliable
a) Is this data __________? We need to ensure that before continuing with the project.
features
b) The __________ of the new Samsung stands out among the rest of the cellphones.
c) Some people are scared ofartificial intelligencedevices because they can replace humans in many aspects.
______________
widescreen
d) Playing videogames in a _________________ gives a complete immersive experience.
e) The impact of using _______________________

artificial intelligence in Education is revolutionized if this is done
responsibly, otherwise, the path to human extinction will be evident.
schedule
f) This app helps people to ____________ events throughout the day.
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charging stations
g) Nowadays, _______________________ for electric vehicles are found easily in different parts of the
city.
networks
h) By engaging in professional ____________ increase the opportunities to have access to resources and
to meet more experienced colleagues who may support you.
device
i) My new _______________ has an anti-theft program included.
upgrades
j) My old laptop is frequently requesting _____________ when I turn on it.
B. READING
1. Read the text carefully then answer the following questions.
At home, in the office area!
1. What| is Tom planning to do at

home?
Tom is planning to remodel their studio
________________________________
space at home.
2. What tasks will the AI assistants

help with in the studio?
________________________________
The AI assistants will help with tasks like
controlling the lights and organizing their
Tom: Hi, Sarah! I've been thinking. I'm going to remodel our schedules.
studio space at home. 3. What entertainment feature does
Sarah: Oh, really? That sounds exciting! What are you going to Sarah want in the studio?
change?
Tom: Well, I want to make it more modern and high-tech. We're Sarah wants a widescreen for watching
______________________________
movies and playing games.
going to integrate some Artificial Intelligence features and _
upgrade our tech setup.
Sarah: Wow, that sounds cool! What exactly are you going to 4. How will the widescreen serve
do? a dual purpose in the studio?
Tom: First, we're going to set up AI assistants to help us with The widescreen will serve as both a
tasks like controlling the lights and organizing our schedules. _______________________________
widescreen for entertainment purposes
Sarah: That's awesome! And what about our cell phones and _______________________________
(watching movies, playing games) and as a
computers? monitor for their computers.
Tom: We're going to create a designated area for them, with
charging stations and organizers to keep everything tidy.
Sarah: Great idea! And I heard you're planning to upgrade our
network too.
Tom: Yeah, we're going to improve our network to ensure fast
and reliable connections for all our devices.
Sarah: That'll be really helpful. And what about entertainment?
I've always wanted a widescreen for watching movies and playing
games.
Tom: Perfect! We're going to get a widescreen that can also
serve as a monitor for our computers.
Sarah: That's fantastic!
Tom: Exactly! our studio is going to be amazing!
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C. GRAMMAR – Be going to affirmative
→ Intentions and plans: When the decision has been made previously.
▪ Sheila is going to be a ballerina; she is studying at the Royal

Academy of Dance.
▪ We are going to start our diet with an easy veggie recipe.
→ Making predictions: when there is evidence about what is going to happen

▪ Michelle is the best student in the class. She is going to pass this
course easily.
▪ Look at that lightning in the sky! It is going to rain tonight.
→ Commands:
• You are going to pick up all those toys! This room is a mess!
SUBJECT TO BE FUTURE MAIN COMPLEMENT

VERB
I Am
HE/SHE/IT Is going to work outside

WE/YOU/TH are
EY
EXAMPLES
● I am going to travel.
● You are going to travel.
● He is going to travel.
● She is going to travel.
● It is going to travel.
a. Write the correct form of “be going to" in affirmative form.

1) She __________________________ten
is going to write love letters tonight. (write)
are going to win
2) We _________________________ the lottery. (win)
is going to pass
3) Andrew did not study last night. I think he ___________________________the exam. (pass)
4) I am tired. I _____________________some
am going to get sleep. (get)
5) I do not understand Spanish. translate the
book for me? (translate)
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6) I am sorry Mom, I promise. I am not going to come home late again. (come)
7) I do not like that type of music, so I ______________________
am not going to go the concert. (go)
I am going to love
8) You are the best _________________________ you forever. (love)
9) I am worried about Annie, I ____________________________
am going to call her tonight. (call)
launch
10) The company is going to ______________________a new product to the market. (launch)
b. Read the exercise carefully, find the mistake, and correct the sentences usingfuture
simple “be going to” in affirmative form.
1) I am not eating that cake. I am going to eat that cake
2) She is not coming to the party. She is going to come to the party.
3) They will not finish the project on time. They are going to finish the project on time.
4) She is not going to visit her grandparents next week. She is going to visit her grandparents next week.
We are going to see the movie tonight.
5) We are not going to see the movie tonight.
6) She is not going to snow in the mountains. It is going to snow in the mountains.
7) The team is not going to win the championship. The team is going to win the championship.
8) Rosario and Jose are not going to travel to Europe this summer. Rosario and Jose are going to travel to
Europe this summer.
9) My parents are not going to buy a new house. My parents are going to buy a new house.
10) The company is not going to launch a new product next year. The company is going to launch a new
product next year
c. Read the following statements carefully and write the correct “be going to” form.
1. They are not going to study English in the next module.
2. She is going to graduate next year.
3. I _________________________
am going to meet meet your dad tomorrow afternoon.
4. Who do you think is going to win the championship?
is going to
5. He is very hard-working. I think he _____________________ be very successful.
6. I do not think that she _________________________recognize
is going to me.
are going to
7. Careful! You _____________________________ fall.
is going to
8. She ______________________________graduate next year.
am going to
9. I bought the tickets. I ______________________travel tomorrow afternoon.
is going to
10. He _____________________run into the street.
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D. LISTENING
https://www.elllo.org/class/A2/A2-05-Going-To.html
Listen to the conversation and answer the questions.
1) What is the woman going to do?
a) Stay home
b) See a movie
2) Who is going to help their family?
a) The man
b) The woman
3) What are they going to eat?
a) Steak
b) Chicken
4) What is the man going to regret?
a) Coming home early
b) Taking time off work
E. WRITING AND SPEAKING
1. WRITING
My new gaming room!
You are a gamer and anime lover. You have saved money to rebuild an old space at home to have
the gaming room of your dreams. Create a dialogue in which you and your two siblings are
planning to create that at home. Use “be going to” in the affirmative form at least 7 times and use
more than 5 words from the vocabulary section. The dialogue should have an extension of 120
words.
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You: Hey guys, check this out! I've been saving up, and I'm going to turn the attic into our ultimate gaming haven!
Sibling 1: Seriously? That's awesome! We could put in a massive TV for anime marathons.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
You: Exactly! And we're going to set up gaming stations with all the latest consoles and accessories.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Sibling 2: Nice! We should decorate with posters of our favorite characters and manga collections.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………….……………………………………………………………………………………………
You: Totally! Plus, we're going to need a snack bar stocked with ramen, Pocky, and other anime goodies.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
Sibling 1: Oh, and we're definitely going to need some comfy bean bags or gaming chairs.
….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
You: Absolutely! This room is going to be legendary, guys!
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………….……………………………………………………………………………………………
Sibling 2: Yeah! I can't wait to get started on this project with you!
2. SPEAKING.
a. Discuss with your partners plans of how to use Artificial Intelligence in some aspects of
your life.
I could use an AI-based personal assistant to manage my agenda, reminders, and to-dos. This would help me
optimize my time and stay on top of my daily commitments.
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WEATHER
UNIT 1 CONDITIONS LESSON 1B
be going to negative
A. VOCABULARY
9 3 4
Vocabulary List
1. Rainy
2. Sunny
3. Cloudy
1 8 6 4. Stormy
5. Windy
6. Clear
7. Snowy
5 7 8. Dry
2
9. Gloomy
2. Choose five words from the vocabulary list and write down an example using it and “be going to”.
Follow the example:
Snowy: It’s so cold! Tomorrow it’s going to be a snowy day.
1. _____________ __________________________________________________________
Windy: The trees are swaying wildly outside. Tomorrow it's going to be a windy day.
Rainy: Look at those dark clouds! I think it's going to be a rainy day tomorrow.
Sunny: The sky is clear
2. _____________ and the sun is shining bright. It's going to be a sunny day at the beach tomorrow.
__________________________________________________________
Cloudy: The sky is covered with thick clouds. It's going to be a cloudy day for our picnic tomorrow.
Stormy: Thunder is rumbling in the distance. I'm afraid it's going to be a stormy night ahead.
3. _____________ __________________________________________________________
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4. _____________ __________________________________________________________
5. _____________ __________________________________________________________
B. READING – DATES AND WEATHER!

1. Based on the two scenarios, read the questions and choose the correct option.
1. What is Sarah going to do tonight?

A. Go out with friends
B. Watch a movie at home
C. Go to an Italian restaurant
D. Go for a walk in the park
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2. Where are Monica and John going to go on their date?
A. To the park
B. To see a movie
C. To an Italian restaurant
D. To Monica's house
3. What does the weather report say about the next day?
A. It will be sunny
B. It will rain in the morning
C. It will snow
D. It will be cold
4. Why is the person in Scenario 2 happy that school is open tomorrow?

A. They like going to school
B. They don't have to go to school
C. They can play in the snow
D. The weather will be nice
C. GRAMMAR – Be going to-negative
➢ To talk about future plans.

➢ To predict based on pieces of evidence
➢ To make commands
Examples:
● We are not going to do an exam in two days.

● She is not going to go to Bethan’s house this evening.
SUBJECT TO BE MAIN COMPLEMENT

VERB
I am
not going to
He/She/It is work outside
We/You/They are
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EXAMPLES TIME EXPRESSIONS
● I am not going to travel. ● today
● You are not going to travel. ● tonight
● He is not going to travel. ● tomorrow
● She is not going to travel. ● this morning
● It is not going to travel. ● this week

● this month
● this year
● this semester
● these days
● in 2023 (or other year)
● the day after tomorrow
● right now
• You are not going to use your cell phone

anymore.
a. Write the correct form of “Be going to" in negative.

1) I am not going _________to the university (study)
2) He is not going to drive ________a new car. (drive)
3) The team is _________________________

not going to lose the championship. (lose)
not going to get married
4) Mary and John are________________________ in the near future. (Married)
not going to take
5) You are _______________________________ for the examen. (take)
6) They are not going to live ________in a different city. (live).
7) We are not going to visit __________the museum. (visit)

not going to play
8) They are ________________________in the match. (play)
9) It is ________________________tomorrow.
not going to rain (rain)
10) I am not going to travel to Europe next month. (travel)
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b. Read the exercise carefully, find the mistake, and correct the sentences using the future
simple "Be going to" in the negative form.
1) I am going to not finish my homework tonight.
I am not going to finish my homework tonight.
___________________________________________________________________________.
2) She is going to not come to the party tomorrow
She is not going to come to the party tomorrow.
___________________________________________________________________________.
3) They are going to not visit their grandparents next week.
They are not going to visit their grandparents next week.
___________________________________________________________________________.
4) I'm going to not buy a new phone this month.
I'm not going to buy a new phone this month.
___________________________________________________________________________
5) We are going to not have a picnic on the weekend.
We are not going to have a picnic on the weekend.
___________________________________________________________________________
6) It's going to not snow in the mountains this winter.
___________________________________________________________________________
It's not going to snow in the mountains this winter.
7) The team going to not win the match tonight.
The team is not going to win the match tonight.
___________________________________________________________________________
8) My parents going to not retire soon.
My parents are not going to retire soon.
___________________________________________________________________________
9) The company going to not launch a new product in the market.
The company is not going to launch a new product in the market.
___________________________________________________________________________
10) I'm going to not eat that cake.
I'm not going to eat that cake.
___________________________________________________________________________
c. Read the following statements carefully and write the correct “be going to” form.
going to
1) I am ________________________visit my grandmother on Sunday.
going to
2) She is ___________________________ study for her exams tonight.
3) They are __________________________
going to have a party next week.
going to
4) He is ____________________________play soccer with his friends after school.
going to
5) We are ______________________________watch a movie at the cinema this Friday.
6) The team is____________________train

going to hard for the upcoming match.
going to
7) Silvia and Diego are ____________________celebrate their anniversary at a fancy restaurant.
going to
8) My mom is _________________________ prepare a delicious meal.
going to
9) He is _____________________ buy a present for his sister.
going to
10) We are ______________________ see a movie tonight.
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D. LISTENING
https://www.soundgrammar.com/learn/L3-CEFR-A2/L3-05-GoingTo-Spain.htm
a. Answer the following questions about the interview.

1) Is Katie going to take classes?
a) Yes, she is.
b) No, she is not.
2) What is Katie going to do every day?
a) Talk to people
b) Study with a tutor
3) How is Katie going to send the mail?
a) By express mail
b) By local mail
4) What is going to happen?
a) It will be late.
b) They will save money.

a. WRITING
Write a mini dialogue about plans for the weekend and possible changes to them for
weather conditions. Follow the example of the reading section and use “be going to” in
affirmative and negative forms at least seven times. The script should have 120-150 words.
For the…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
weekend, I had planned to have a picnic in the park
with some friends. We were excited to spend time outdoors and
………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
enjoy the sun. However, if the weather forecast changes and
rain is expected, we will have to rethink our planes. Instead,
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
we'll probably opt to go to a cozy cafe or someone's house to
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
hang out. We're not going to let the rain ruin our mood, so we
could play board games or watch movies at home. If the
weather ………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
improves, we'll still consider taking a short hike or just
strolling around town. But if it keeps raining, we'll just stay
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
inside and enjoy each other's company. The important thing is
to spend time together, regardless of the weather conditions.
b. SPEAKING
In pairs, make some predictions about the weather while
planning a date.
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LIFE PLANS AND
UNIT 1 FUTURE EVENTS LESSON 1C
be going to vs will
A. VOCABULARY
1. Look at the following pictures. Then, number the pictures with the correct words.
6 7
3 Vocabulary List
1. Programmer
2. pollution
3. Brain
4. Wars
9 1 2
5. Unemployment
6. Dumbs
7. Slaves
8. Refugees
9. Bunker
4 8 5
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B. READING
1. Read the text carefully. Then, choose the correct option.
Some people believe that in 10

years, Artificial Intelligence will
control us and robots will take
control of humans. But I don't
think that's true. In 20 years, I'm
going to be a famous programmer
and my sister is going to work for
NASA and she's going to visit
other planets.
However, I think life will be very different in a long-term future (30 years). There won’t be any cars. There
will be a lot of pollution in cities, so I am going to use public transport and bikes. People will use robots for
everything. They won’t have a heart or a brain, but they will look like humans. They will be very strong and
fast, too.
There will be some problems. There will be more wars and there will be a lot of unemployment because people
depend too much on Artificial Intelligence, so they become dumb and useless. For that reason, I am going to
teach my children to use technology responsibly. In 30 years, there will be a big war between humans and
robots. Robots will win and humans will be their slaves. My family and I are going to be refugees in bunkers.
1. What will there be a lot of in the cities in the

future?
A. Cars
B. Public transportation
C. Pollution
D. Robots
2. What will people use robots for in the future?
A. To take over the world
B. To become smarter
C. To visit other planets
D. For everything
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3. What will happen due to the people’s dependence
on Artificial Intelligence?
A. There will be more jobs

B. There will be less pollution
C. There will be more wars and unemployment
D. There will be peace between humans and robots
4. What does the passage say the writer's family will

become in the future?
A. Wealthy and powerful
B. Famous programmers and scientists
C. Refugees living in bunks
D. Slaves to the robots
C. GRAMMAR – Future in use
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a. You must identify among the future tenses: will, be going to, and put the verbs in the
correctformaccording to the sentence
Example:
We are going to_go the park.
will
1) My grandfather___________________be 85 next week.
2) We are going to go to the Grand Canyon.
3) You will probably have a long retirement.
4) The number of older people has increased.
5) I don’t know but I won't wearmy old jeans. (use negative form)
6) I am going to retire soon.
7) What are yougoing tonight?
to do
8) Its late! What will she do ?

9) She is going to have dinner tonight.
10) They will start her new job on Monday.
b. Write the correct form "will" and "be going to":

1) She is going to travel to Paris next month. (travel)
will attend
2) They _______________________the conference tomorrow. (attend)
will buy
3) He ___________________________a new car next year. (buy)
will reach going
4) I _______________________you as soon as(call), I am ______________home. (reach)
5) We ___________________________________our
are going to visit grandparents this weekend. (v i s i t )
will rain
6) It _________________________________later in the evening. (rain)
going to cook
7) She is ___________________________dinner(cook), but I will help her with the dessert.
8) We are _____________________________________a
are going to watch movie tonight. (watch)
9) He is ________________________________
going to meet his friends for coffee. (meet)
team will win
10) The team _______________________________the championship. (win)
c. Read the exercise carefully, find the mistake and correct the sentences using future
simple "will" and "be going to":
I will be visiting my grandparents tomorrow.
1) I will visiting my grandparents tomorrow……………………………….
I am going to meet my friends at the café later.
2) I am going to meets my friends at the café later. ……………………………….
3) She will cooks dinner for us tonight. ……………………………….
She will cook dinner for us tonight.
4) They will starts their new job next month. ……………………………….
They are going to start their new job next month.
She is going to buy a new dress for the party.
5) She is going to buys a new dress for the party. ……………………………….
We are going to go to the beach this weekend.
6) We will going to the beach this weekend. ……………………………….
7) He will studies for the exam tomorrow. ……………………………….
He will study for the exam tomorrow.
8) They is going to watch a movie at the cinema. They are going to watch a movie at the cinema.
9) We are going to visiting the museum this Saturday. ……………………………….

We are going to visit the museum this Saturday.
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He is going to take a trip to Europe next year.
10) He is going to takes a trip to Europe next year. ……………………………….
D. LISTENING
https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=17590
1) Complete the script below by filling in the blanks with the word that you hear.
Hi, my name is Samir, and I'm from Sweden. I'm going to talk about six things I want to do in my
life. First, I want to the world and meet new people, see new places, and learn new It's
fascinating for me, and yeah, I think everybody should travel a lot as long as they get the Then,
maybe before my travelling, I want to learn at least five languages. I like talking different languages,
and it's really fun, and like people don't that you talk that specific language maybe, and yeah, it's
really fun.
And the fourth thing is that I want to live in a country, like live at the beach or in some exotic
place. It will be a new thing for me, I live in Sweden and I go to the other side of the world would be
really nice and a completely new thing for me So, that's the fourth thing I want to do.
1. WRITING
Write a fictional story about a catastrophic event in the future, involving predictions
on technology and plans toward those events. The story should have between 120-150 words
and the grammar will (5 times) and be going to (5 times) should be used.
In the year 2050, humanity was at the height of the technological revolution. Advances in artificial intelligence and
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
biotechnology promised a bright future, but they also carried with them a shadow of uncertainty. A global coalition of
scientists had warned of the dangers of growing dependence on technology, warning that it could trigger a catastrophe
………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
of epic proportions. Despite the warnings, world leaders ignored the warning signs and continued with their plans to
develop even more advanced technologies.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
One day, the predictions came true. A computer virus created by a group of unknown hackers spread across global
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
networks, exploiting vulnerabilities in artificial intelligence systems and controlling most of the world's critical
infrastructure. Desperate attempts to stop the spread of the virus were in vain, and soon chaos reigned across the
planet. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
As society fell into darkness, groups of survivors emerged and banded together to face the crisis. Using more primitive
technologies and …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
survival strategies, they will try to rebuild a world destroyed by greed and excessive ambition. Among
2. SPEAKING
the ruins of ancient civilization, humanity found a new hope: the lesson learned that technological progress must go
hand in hand with responsibility and caution.
Then, share with the rest of the class some of those predictions based on the catastrophic
future events you imagined.
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MEETING
UNIT 1 ARRANGEMENT LESSON 1D
Present continuous /will/be going to
A. VOCABULARY
7 4 8
Vocabulary List
1. Outside
2. Journey
5 3 9 3. Wedding
4. Christmas
5. Warm
6. Coat
7. Pub
2 6 1 8. Live music
9. Recognize
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B. READING
1. Read the text carefully and mark the statements as True or False.
A Christmas reunion with friends!
Hi Donna!
My friends and I are meeting at 7pm, outside the ticket office at the train station, on the 24th
December for our friends' reunion for Christmas. We're going to be there until 10 pm. Mely and
I are taking the train from London at 3:30 pm. It's a long journey, but we're very excited to see
you all again. The last time we saw you was two years ago at the wedding of Mely's sister in Spain.
John isn't coming. He's in New York with his family for Christmas. We haven't seen each other
for a long time, so what are we wearing? It will be a cold night, so let's wear warm clothes. I'm
going to wear jeans, a sweater, and a coat. After dinner, we're going to a pub for drinks. Then,
we're going to listen to some live music. We aren't staying out late because we want to get up
early on the 25th and go to the Christmas market. Are you coming with us? Then, we're going
to give each other presents. I’m sure it will be a lot of fun! Will you bring any presents for us?
On the 26th, we're going to have breakfast at the hotel and then we're going to say goodbye.
We're taking the train back to London at 11 am. Please, send me a message before the 24th and
tell me what you're wearing so we can recognize you at the train station. I'm looking forward to
seeing you all again!
Kisses and hugs,
Veronica
23
1. The author and friends are meeting at the train station at 7 pm on December 24th for True
a Christmas reunion.
2. The author and Mely are taking a bus from London at 3:30 pm. False
3. Jhon is not attending the reunion as he is in New York with his family for Christmas. True
4. The author and friends have seen each other recently, so they know what they are False
wearing.
5. After dinner, the author and friends are going to a restaurant for dessert. False
6. The author and friends are staying out late to enjoy the night. False
C. GRAMMAR – Future tenses
SUBJECT BE V(ING) COMPLEMENT
Rebecca is visiting her parents tomorrow
Rebecca isn’t visiting her parents tomorrow
BE SUBJECT V(ING) COMPLEMENT
Is Rebecca visiting her parents tomorrow?
a. You should use present continuous and put the verbs in the correct formaccording to
the sentence.
Example:
They are practicing the piano in the living room.
24
meeting
1) I am_________________________my friends for lunch tomorrow.
traveling
2) They are ________________________to Paris next month.
visiting
3) He is ________________________________his grandparents from him next week.
competing
4) The team is ______________________________in the championship next Saturday.
attending a wedding
5) They are _________________________________a wedding ceremony next Sunday.
painting
6) He _________________________________a beautiful picture for the art exhibition.
are building
7) The workers ______________________________a new house in the neighborhood.
is laughing
8) The baby __________________________________at the funny toys.
is talking
9) She ___________________________to her friend on the phone.
are training
10) The athletes _________________________________for the upcoming competition.
b. Write the correct form "present continuous": with the corresponding verbs.
is reading
1) She ______________________ a book right now. (read)
are having
2) We _____________________ dinner at the restaurant tonight. (have)
are studying
3) The students ______________________ for their exams this week. (study)
is watching
4) He _________________________a movie with his family tonight. (watch)
is cooking
5) My mom ______________________dinner in the kitchen. (cook)
are listening
6) They ____________________________to music in their room. (listen)
am talking
7) I ________________________________to my teacher after class. (talk)
are running
8) The kids _______________________________in the playground. (run)
is driving
9) She ____________________her car to work every day. (drive)
are swimming
10) We _____________________ at the beach during the summer. (swim)
c. Read the exercise carefully, find the mistake correct and complete the sentences using
"will"and "be going to and present continuous":
She will be watching a movie at the cinema.
1) She will watching a movie at the cinema.
2) She wears a beautiful dress to the party. She is going to wear a beautiful dress to the party.
He is painting a beautiful picture for the art
3) He paints a beautiful picture for the art exhibition.
exhibition.
They are going to visit their grandparents next
4) They are going visit their grandparents next weekend. weekend.
5) He cooks dinner for us tonight. He is cooking dinner for us tonight.
6) We going to the beach this weekend. We are going to the beach this weekend.
7) The children play in the garden now. The children are playing in the garden now.
8) It raining outside, so don't forget your umbrella. It is raining outside, so don't forget your umbrella.
9) My mom cooks dinner in the kitchen. My mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.
10) The workers build a new house in the neighborhood. The workers are building a new house in the
neighborhood.
25
D. LISTENING
https://www.elllo.org/class/A2/A2-03-Present-Continuous.html
a. Answer these questions about the interview.

1) What is someone doing in conversation 1?
a) Using a computer
b) Writing a letter
a) Eating soup
b) Preparing food
a) Tuning up a car
b) Working quickly
a) Playing sports
b) Watching soccer
26
1. WRITING
In groups of 4 students, write a dialogue about a family reunion at the end of the year. Use
"will, be going to, and present continuous" at least 4 times each and the vocabulary studied.
Student 1: Hey guys, have you heard? My family is going to host a

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
big reunion at the end of the year!
………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
Student 2: Wow, that sounds exciting! What will you be doing to
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
prepare for it?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Student 3: I am going to help decorate the house with lights and
streamers. It's going to look fantastic!
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Student 4: I am so pumped for this reunion! I will be seeing
relatives I haven't seen in years.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Student 1: Yeah, me too! I am going to catch up with my cousins
………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
and share stories about our lives.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Student 2: My grandma is bringing her famous apple pie. It will
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
be the highlight of the reunion!
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Student 3: I am already imagining all the laughter and joy that will
be filling our home.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
Student 4: It is going to be a memorable event for sure. I will be
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
cherishing every moment with my family.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Student 1: Absolutely! I am counting down the days until the
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
reunion. It will be the perfect way to end the year.
SPEAKING
a. Role-play the dialogue.
27
UNIT 1 AUTONOMOUS WORK #1 LESSON 1E
A. VOCABULARY
1. Read and complete the statements below. Use the words in the box.
a. Free trade agreements b. E-commerce c. international trade
d. Cultural exchange e. Stock market f. Multinational corporations
g. Crypto currency h. Outsourcing i. Global economy
E-commerce
1. ________________ has revolutionized the way businesses sell their products and services
online.
2. Large corporations that operate in multiple countries are often referred to as Multinational corporations
due to their global presence.
3. Understanding the dynamics of the international
is essentialtrade
for policymakers to make informed decisions
about international trade.
4. international trade
In today's interconnected world, ________________is the exchange of goods andservices between
countries, fostering economic cooperation on a global scale.
5. The rise of Crypto hascurrency
introduced new digital currencies that transcendnational borders.
6. Many investors participate in the Stock
tomarket
buy and sell stocks and bonds,aiming for financial
growth.
7. Some businesses choose to cut costs by Outsourcing
certain functions to overseassuppliers.
8. The exchange of ideas and traditions between different nations through
Cultural exchange
____________________ enriches cultural diversity.
9. play a crucial role in promoting cross-border commerce by reducingtariffs and trade barriers.
Cultural exchange
10. The interconnectedness of economies around the world characterizes the concept of the
Global economy
______ , where events in one country can impact others globally.
28
A. READING
1. Read the text carefully. Answer the following questions below.
The globalization 1) What is globalization?

It is a process of interconnectedness and interdependence
……………………………………………………….
between countries and people around the world.
It is a process of
2) What are some of the areas that have been
interconnectedness
affected by globalization?
and interdependence Some of the areas affected by globalization include
……………………………………………………….
international trade, cultural exchange, the spread of ideas and
between countries lifestyles, economic inequalities
and people around
3) What benefits has globalization brought?
the world. It has been
facilitated the rapid circulation of goods, services, capital, and
……………………………………………………….
knowledge globally.
driven by advances in information,
4) What challenges has globalization
transportation, and communications
presented?
technology, which have facilitated the rapid challenges in terms of economic inequalities, job losses in
……………………………………………………….
certain industries, and environmental ones.
circulation of goods, services, capital, and
5) How has technology influenced the
knowledge globally. This phenomenon has
globalization process?
caused a significant increase in international
Technology has played a crucial role in the globalization
……………………………………………………….
process by facilitating the rapid circulation of goods, services,
trade and has allowed cultures, ideas and
capital, and knowledge globally through advances in
lifestyles to spread more easily between information
different societies. However, it has also posed
challenges in terms of economic inequalities,
job losses in certain industries, and
environmental ones.

Technology
1) is changing the financial landscape.
Cultural exchange
2) enriches our understanding of the world.
Trade agreements
3) promote economic cooperation.
4) The global economy is facing new challenges.
5) E-commerce is revolutionizing the way we shop.
6) Global markets have a significant impact on economies.
7) The stock market experienced a sudden surge
8) Innovation is is essential for global growth.
9) Many companies are considering considering their operation.
29
B. GRAMMAR "will" and "be going to” and present continuous":
a. Read the exercises and complete the sentences using "will, be going to, present continuous:
1) The birds are singing their morning songs.(be/singing)

2) The baby is crawling towards the toys. (be/crawling)
3) It will snow in the mountains this winter.(will/snow)
4) She will dance at the salsa competition.(will/dance)
5) The chef will serve a delectable dessert for the guests.(will/serve)
6) The students’ are working on a group project. (be/working)
7) We are going toto
travel
South America next year. (be going to/travel)
8) They are practicingtheir lines for the play.(be/practicing)
9) He will perform a magic show for the party.(will/perform)
10) The workers are constructing
a new building.(be/constructing)
C. LISTENING
https://www.elllo.org/class/A2/A2-14-Present-Continuous-Future.html
a. Answer these questions about the interview.
1) Where is the woman going?
a) To the dentist
b) To the doctor
2) What is the woman doing later?
a) Playing futsal
b) Having dinner with family
3) What class are they both taking?
a) History
b) Math
4) Who is having a party?
a) Beth
b) Bill
30
UNIT 2
CHOICES
SsS
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Students will be able to:
❖ Discuss about what they do if they receive a bad service in a restaurant.

❖ Analyze and predict what might happen in a fictional case.
❖ Report through a video a situation and the consequences regarding real world
issues
❖ Solve mini cases of real-life situations: friendship
❖ Identify the use of zero conditionals, first conditionals,and modal verbs (may,
might, could).
❖ Enhance communication skills by using these grammar concepts toexpress
ideas, predictions, and possibilities clearly and accurately.
31
WORLD FACTS
UNIT 2 LESSON 2A
Zero conditional
A . VOCABULARY
1 7 3
Vocabulary List
1. Rude
6 2 8 2. Starving
3. Tip
4. slipshod
5. Complain
6. Shout
7. Polite
4 5 9
8. Lousy
9. Appalling

tip
1) If the service is good, the waitress deserves a ____________.
slipshod
2) The store was ____________. It seems the manager didn’t have the financial support to remodel it.
rude
3) The woman was so _______________with the guests. The left immediately the restaurant.
shout
4) I’m right next to you. There is no need to _______________.
starving
5) People in Africa are always ____________________. Its rate of malnutrition is high.
6) Christofer’s dish was _________________.

lousy It needs more seasoning. It’s bland.
complains
7) She always ___________________ about her useless husband.
appalling
8) The soup is disgusting! It’s __________________. It has a fly in there.
polite
9) Japanese people are considered to be very _____________ and kind.
32
B. READING
3. Read the text and answer the following questions.
What do you do if….?
1. What do you do if you receive bad

service in a restaurant?
You don't leave a tip
__________________________________
and you don't go back there again
__________________________________
2. Where was one of the author's friends

on holiday last summer?
was on holiday in Greece with her family.
__________________________________
________________________________
What do you do if you receive bad service in a
restaurant? The answer is easy. You don't leave a tip 3. What are some other places where
and you don't go back there again. But what do you
people complain about things besides
do if the waiter or waitress is rude and the weather
is hot? This is exactly what happened to one of my restaurants?
friends on holiday last summer. people often complain about the rain. If the train is
__________________________________
late, people sometimes write a letter of complaint
to the train company. If the hotel room is dirty,
__________________________________
My friend was on holiday in Greece with her family. people usually ask for another one. And if the
They went to a restaurant. It was a very hot day and traffic is terrible, some people get very angry
they were all tired and starving. The waiter at the 4. What does the author think people
restaurant was very slow and rude when they arrived. should do if the service is good or
My friend's husband got angry and left the restaurant.
In the evening, they went to another restaurant for bad?
think that if the service is good, people should give
__________________________________
dinner. The service was great. My friend gave the
a
waiter a big tip. tip. But if the service is bad, they shouldn't give a
__________________________________
tip.
People usually complain about bad service in
restaurants but there are other places where people
complain too. For example, if the weather is bad,
people often complain about the rain. If the train is
late, people sometimes write a letter of complaint
to the train company. If the hotel room is dirty,
people usually ask for another one. And if the
traffic is terrible, some people get very angry and
shout at other drivers! I think that people should be
polite and friendly even if the service is bad. I also
think that if the service is good, people should give a
tip. But if the service is bad, they shouldn't give a
tip. What do you think?
33
C. GRAMMAR – Zero conditional
→ We use Zero conditional to refer to statements about the real world that are always true as
long as the condition is met.
→ Also to talk about scientific facts.
→ In the sentence, the time is now or always, and the situation is real and possible.
IF CLAUSE (condition) MAIN CLAUSE (result)
If + simple present Simple present
If this thing happens, that thing happens
If you heat ice, It melts
MAIN CLAUSE (result) IF CLAUSE (condition)
It melts if you heat ice
→ If it comes after, we don't use a comma.

→ If I eat too much, I feel ill.
→ If you heat ice, it melts.
→ If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
a. Complete the zero conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1) If they don't stop (not stop) the noise, neighbors will wake up. (wake up)
2) If he is (to be) available, he will call him to call me. (tell)
3) If she sweats (sweat) too much, she will dehydrate. (dehydrate).
need
4) If they want (want) to be fit, they to exercise every day. (need)
5) If I don't listen (not listen) to music, I always have headaches. (have)
melt
6) You (heat) ice, it turns (melt).
34
b. Match the sentences with the corresponding question.
j 1. What happens if you heat ice?

a) If you mix vinegar and baking
soda, it foams.
f 2. What happens if it rains? b) If the temperature drops, water
freezes.
e 3. What do you get if you mix red c) If you drop a ball, it falls to the
and blue? ground.
h 4. What happens if the sun sets? d) If you add salt to water, it
dissolves.
i 5. What happens if you don't
e) If you mix red and blue, youget
water plants?
purple.
c 6. What happens if you drop aball?
f) If it rains, the streets get wet.
b 7. What happens if the
g) If you press the button, the
temperature drops?
machine starts.
a 8. What happens if you mix
h) If the sun sets, it gets dark.
vinegar and baking soda?
d 9. What happens if you add salt to i) If you don't water plants, theydie
water?
g 10. What happens if you press the j) If you heat ice, it melts.
button?
c. Read the exercise carefully, form the correct sentences using zero conditional.
1) Water will boil if you heat it to 100°C.
If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
2) If you will study hard, you will understand the subject.

If you study hard, you understand the subject.
3) If the sun will set, it will get dark.

If the sun sets, it gets dark.
4) Plants will die if they do not get enough water.

If plants do not get enough water, they die.
5) If you will touch fire, you will get burned.

If you touch fire, you get burned.
6) If you will mix red and blue, you will get purple.
If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
35
7) If the traffic light will be red, you will stop the car.
If the traffic light is red, you will stop the car.
8) If I will eat spicy food, my mouth will burn.

If I eat spicy food, my mouth will burn.
9) If you will heat ice, it will melt.

If you heat ice, it will melt.
10) If it rains, the ground will get wet.

If it rains, the ground gets wet.
5. LISTENING
Grammar Talks 4-10 Zero Conditionals (elllo.org)
1. Once you have seen the video, response to these questions using zero conditional:
1. What does Sarah do when she feels stressed?
I always do the same thing. If I'm stressed, I clean.
2. How does Todd deal with low energy?

eat vegetables
3. What activities does Sarah enjoy when she is bored?

If she is bored, she likes to listen to music.
If he is bored he likes to listen to music
4. How do Todd and Sarah differ in their approach to handling anger or upset feelings?
Todd and Sarah differ in their approach to handling anger or upset feelings. Sarah's response is to leave the
situation immediately to avoid shouting or saying something mean. She prefers to calm down first and then
address the problem later. In contrast, Todd confronts the source of his anger right away. He believes in
releasing his energy in the moment rather than letting it build up
5. What does Todd do when he gets angry with his students?
When Todd gets angry with his students, he confronts them right then and there. He acknowledges that he
has a short fuse with his students and sometimes loses his temper, but he believes it's better to release his
emotions immediately rather than letting them build up.
36
6. WRITING AND SPEAKING
a. WRITING
Write a 120 words composition about what you do if your friend betrays you, if you can’t
sleep at night, and if you feel upset? Use Zero conditional and the vocabulary learned.
When faced with betrayal from a friend, I confront the situation head-on. I believe honesty is crucial in any
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
relationship, so I address the issue immediately to find resolution. If sleep eludes me at night, I turn to
relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation. These practices help calm my mind and body,
………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
allowing me to drift into restful sleep. When feeling upset, I prioritize self-care. Whether it's journaling,
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
listening to soothing music, or going for a walk, I engage in activities that bring me comfort and perspective.
By acknowledging my emotions and taking proactive steps to address them, I strive to maintain inner peace
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
and resilience in challenging times.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b. SPEAKING
In a group of 4 students, discuss the previous three situations.
What do you do if……...?
Your friend betrays you You can’t sleep at night
You forget a beloved’s birthday The person you live with cooks appalling
37
POSSIBILITIES
ANDCERTAINLY
UNIT 2 IN LESSON 2B
THE WORLD
May-might-could
A. VOCABULARY
1. Missing 2. murder 3. Disappeared 4. Strangers
5. Town 6. Kidnap 7. Run away 8. Punishment
9. Breaking the law
Missing Disappeared Run away
town Punishment Murder
Kidnap Breaking the law Strangers
38
B. READING
1. Look at the photo and read the title. What do you think the text will be about? What will
happen?
EMMA’S DISAPPEARANCE
Emma is missing. She is seven years old. She was playing with her little
brother outside her house when suddenly someone appeared and
suddenly disappeared. Her parents don't know where she is or what
happened to her. They are very worried about her.
Where could she be? What could have happened to her? She might be
with her friend, Sarah. They often play together. Emma's mother phones
Sarah's mother. "Is Emma there?" she asks. "No, she isn't," says Sarah's
mother. "I haven't seen her today." So, she isn't with Sarah. Where else
can she be? There are a lot of strangers in the town because it's Saturday.
She might be taken by someone. She may not run so fast. But she might
not follow a stranger anywhere. She can’t take anything from a stranger.
I have taught her to avoid strangers. Why don’t you look for her in the
park? She might not go to the park so late.
Emma's father goes to the police station and tells them about Emma. The police start looking for her.
Suddenly, Emma appeared. She is at the park. She went there on her own. She didn’t know that
everybody was looking for her. Emma's mother was very angry with her. Emma was very sorry. She
didn't know that she couldn't go to the park on her own. She knows now that she mustn't go
anywhere with a stranger. Next time she wants to go to the park, she must ask her mother first.
They are all very happy to be together again.
2. Read the text carefully and mark the statements as true or false. Finally, correct the false
statements.
1. Emma could be playing with her friend, Sarah. True False
________________________________________________
2. Emma's father calls Sarah's mother. True False
Emma's father goes to the police station.
________________________________________________
3. Emma was taken by someone. True False
Emma was not taken by someone.
________________________________________________
4. Emma's father goes to the hospital. True False
Emma's father goes to the police station.
________________________________________________
5. Emma showed up at the park. True False
Emma's mother was angry with her.
________________________________________________
6. Emma's mother was happy with her. True False
39
_________________________________________________
C. GRAMMAR May-might-could
POSSIBILITY IN FUTURE
MAY/MIGHT/COULD
→ MAY and MIGHT are used for situations in the future, which canhappen, but you are not
sure about it. They have a slight possibility to happen.
→ COULD is used to express a higher possibility than may, might and could.
SUBJECT MODAL VERB MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT
It might/may/could rain tomorrow
Rebecca Might not / may not / could not rain tomorrow
MODAL VERB SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT
Might/may/could it rain Tomorrow?
Example:
● I could go on holiday to London. (I have bought the flight ticket)
● It is such a sunny day! It might not rain tonight. (the possibility is low)
● I may go to the store tomorrow but don't have the money yet. (there is a possibility to receive the
payment tonight)
Note.
Use can’t in case of impossible situations
The story can’t be true.
40
A. Fill in the spaces with the most suitable modal verb. May/might/Could/ can’t.
1) She is ill. She can’t be at the party (impossible)

2) Tom might be tired when he arrives to Edinburg (probable)
3) It could snow during the week (the lowest possibility)
4) One day they might find life on other planets (slightly possible)
can’t
5) We_________ever know everything (impossible)
6) The man in the photograph could be my grandfather (probable)
7) He might notrecover his sight after the surgery (the lowest possibility)
8) She might ___lend us the money we need (slightly possible)
9) He could ____become a better piano player than his teacher (probable)
B. Read the sentences and correct them.
1) She may go to the party tonight. (30% of possibility)

She might go to the party tonight. (30% possibility)
2) They might arrive late to the meeting (50% of possibility)

They may arrive late to the meeting. (50% possibility)
3) I could to visit my grandparents next week. (impossible)

I couldn't visit my grandparents next week. (impossible)
__________________________________________________________________
4) We may have pizzas for dinner. (30% of possibility)

We might have pizzas for dinner
___________________________________________________________
5) He might come to the film with us. (60% of possibility)

He may come to the film with us
6) It could rain tomorrow. (50% of possibility)

It may rain tomorrow
7) I may to study for the exam tonight. (60% of possibility)
I may study for the exam tonight.
8) They might not attend the concert. (30% of possibility)
They may not attend the concert
41
C. LISTENING
1. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions below.
https://www.elllo.org/class/A2/A2-12-May-Might.html
1) What do they say about Monday?
a) They will not be in the office.
b) The man may or may not need help.
2) What will she do in retirement?
a) Play music
b) Play golf
3) What might the device make him do?
a) Eat less
b) Walk more
D. WRITING and SPEAKING
WRITING
Watch the following video (until 2:44-minute) and based on that, write down a
composition of the predictions of what might happen to her. It should have 120words
and you should apply the use of May, might, and could (at least 4 times each).
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3soqdXohcOo&rco=1
42
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Timmothy Pitmen's case has captivated the public's attention, leaving many speculating about what might
unfold next. Some experts suggest that he may be hiding in plain sight, perhaps assuming a new identity to
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
evade detection. Others argue that he might have sought refuge with distant relatives, hoping to start anew.
The possibility also exists that he could have fallen victim to foul play, with his whereabouts shrouded in
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
mystery. Additionally, it's conceivable that he may have embarked on a journey of self-discovery, exploring
new horizons beyond the reach of authorities. Despite the uncertainty, hope remains that Timmothy might
resurface one day, shedding light on the enigma that surrounds his disappearance.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
E. SPEAKING
a. Through Quizizz, share briefly with your teacher and classmates the ideas you wrote
in the writing exercise.
43
WORLD ISSUES
UNIT 2 LESSON 2C
First conditional/if-when-unless-in case
A. VOCABULARY
9 Vocabulary List
1 2
➢ Refugees
➢ Poor development
➢ Corruption
➢ Religious Intolerance
8 4 ➢ Environmental crisis
5
➢ Rights of indigenous
peoples
➢ Child Labor
➢ Humanitarian Crises
3 6 7 ➢ Nuclear energy
2. Complete the sentences with the most appropriate vocabulary words.

1) The rights must be respected and protected.
2) Refugees seek safety and protection in other countries.
3) Child labor deprives children of their childhood and education.
4) Disasters demand immediate aid and support for affected populations.
5) Nuclear energy has the potential to provide clean electricity but also carries risks.
6) Prejudice leads to conflicts and discrimination.
7) The environment crisis requires urgent global action to address climate change.
8) Poor development aims to balance environmental, social, and economic needs.
44
B. READING
1. Read the text and mark the statements as True or False. Then, correct the false statements.
The Relationship between Poverty and Crime
If there is poverty in a country, people don't have jobs and hunger is higher. If conflicts increase,
what will happen? The rate of crime will increase if the government don’t improve the economy. If
there is not security, many people will be unmotivated to work hard and improve their lives. Also, if
police officers don’t put criminals in jail, poor children will be forced to join them and people won't
be safe. In this article, we look at the situation in Venezuela today and think about what might happen
next.
Venezuela is a beautiful country with many natural resources. However, over the past 20 years, it has
suffered from political problems. Inflation is now very high, and there is not enough food for everyone.
As a result, many people are leaving the country.
So, what will happen next in Venezuela? Some people think that if the current government leads the
country, things will get worse. Child labor and corruption are common topics there. They believe that
the situation will start to improve when a new president takes the lead to make strategies pro poor
development. What is clear is that the people of Venezuela are suffering. They don't have enough to
eat, and they don't have a good future. It's a very difficult situation for them.
1. Poverty in a country leads to more job opportunities and less hunger. True False
Poverty in a country leads to fewer job opportunities and more hunger.
_________________________________________________________
2. If conflicts rise, crime rates will increase unless the government True False
improves the economy.
__________________________________________________________
3. If police officers don't arrest criminals, poor children will be forced True False
to join them.
__________________________________________________________
4. The author looks at the situation in Brazil and thinks about what True False
Might happen next.
The author looks at the situation in Venezuela and thinks about what might happen next.
__________________________________________________________
45
C. GRAMMAR – First conditional/if-when-unless-in case.
IF CLAUSE (condition) MAIN CLAUSE (result)
If / When / Useless+ simple present Future Simple
If this thing happens, that thing will happen
If we work hard We will finish the project on time
MAIN CLAUSE (result) IF CLAUSE (condition)
We will finish the project on time If we work hard
a. Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the first conditional.
1. If I (bump) bump into Claire, I (tell) will tell her you said hello.
2. People (be) will be happy if there (be) is enough food and drink.
3. We (call) will call you if your parcel (arrive) arrives today.

will come if she (send) sends
4. They (come) them a hand-written invitation.
46
has
5. If Tom (have) enough money left over, he (book) will book a holiday.
6. If Charlie (buy) buys a new TV, he (not/have) won't pass enough money to pay his rent.
7. If you (not/learn) don't learn the key vocabulary, you (not/pass) won't pass the test.
won't be
8. They (not/be) angry if you (tell) tell them the truth.
keeps
9. She (not/change) won't change her mind if he (keep) asking her.
10. His health (not/get) won't get _ better if he (not/stop) doesn't stop _ smoking.
b. Match the sentences with the corresponding question.
d 1. I will go to the store a. If I have a good job.

g 2. I will travel the world b. I will watch TV
f 3. I will get a promotion c. I will not grow
b 4. if I get good grades. d. I will be happy
i 5. I will move to New York e. I will not go to the beach.
j 6. if I finish my homework. f. If I get a job offer.
a 7. I will buy a new car g. If I have enough money.
c 8. if I do not eat my vegetables. h. If I do not leave now.
h 9. I will be late i. If I win the lottery.
e10. if it rains j. If I work hard.
c. Read the sentences and correct them according to the right use of first conditional.
1. I will go to the store when I don’t get enough money, in case I need to buy something.
I will go to the store if I don’t have enough money, in case I need to buy something.
2. I will not go to the beach unless it will start to rain, unless I have an umbrella.
I will not go to the beach unless it starts to rain, unless I have an umbrella.
3. I will buy a new car if I won’t get a good job, in case I will need to commute.
I will buy a new car if I don’t get a good job, in case I need to commute.
4. I get a promotion if I work hard enough, unless I make a big mistake.
I will get a promotion if I work hard enough, unless I make a big mistake.
5. I be late if I do not leave now, in case I get caught in traffic.
I will be late if I do not leave now, in case I get caught in traffic.
47
}
D. LISTENING
Sound Grammar 4-10 First Conditional
a. Watch the video. Once you have seen the video, check the questions and response using
first conditional.
1. What are the factors that determine whether they will play soccer on Sunday?
Obtaining permission to use the field at Rec Field.
Sending out invitations to enough people willing to play.
Confirming the availability of enough players to form teams.
2. What is the alternative plan if they can't use the pitch for the soccer match?
The alternative plan if they can't use the field for the soccer game is to play at the park on the East Side of
town. In this case, Tina will try to secure the use of a company van to transport the players to that field.
3. Why the park on the East Side is considered an alternative field?

The park on the East Side is considered an alternative field because it is a place where soccer can be
played, and Tina has considered using it as an alternative if they can't use the field at Rec Field. Although it
entails everyone having to drive there, it's a viable option if they can't use the originally planned field.
48
WRITING
a. Imagine you are a journalist and blogger and have your own channel in YouTube. Write a
120-word blog about a world issue (like pollution, wars, poorness, etc.). You have to describe
the situation which you consider most difficult to deal with. What will happen if you are
Title: involved on those

Tackling Climate scenarios?
Crisis: Use
A Call to First conditional at least seven times.
Action
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
As a journalist and advocate for global change, I'm compelled to address the pressing issue of climate change. The
situation we face is dire; if we continue on our current trajectory of carbon emissions and environmental
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
degradation, the consequences will be catastrophic. First and foremost, if we don't take immediate action to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions, we risk irreversible damage to our planet's ecosystems. Sea levels will rise, leading to
widespread………………………………………………………………………………………………….
flooding and displacement of millions of people. Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and
droughts,………………………………………………………………………………………………….
will become more frequent and severe. If we fail to address these challenges, we'll witness the loss of
biodiversity, with countless species facing extinction. But if we choose to act now, implementing sustainable
practices………………………………………………………………………………………………….
and transitioning to renewable energy sources, we can mitigate the worst effects of climate change and
ensure a healthier, more sustainable future for generations to come. It's up to us to make the right choice.
SPEAKING
Record a video role-playing a journalist report using the information of the writing task
and multimedia resources to catch the viewers’ attention. Then, post on an Instagram
profile. It should last 30 seconds. The use of grammar and vocabulary should be evidenced.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
49
LIFE STYLE
UNIT 2 PROBLEMS LESSON 2D
Zero conditional and first conditional
A. VOCABULARY – Lifestyle problems
Vocabulary List
5 3
1. Sedentary lifestyle
2. Obesity Stress
3. Depression
7 1 6
4. Anxiety Insomnia
5. Social isolation
6. smoking
2 4
7. Alcoholism
a. If you lead asedentary lifestyle

, you are more likely to be obese.
b. Inactivity is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, and
type 2 diabetes.
50
c. Stress can lead to a number of health problems, including anxiety, depression, and
insomnia.
d.Depression is a serious mental illness that can have a significant impact on your physical
and emotional health.
Anxiety Insomnia
e. is a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease. It can be mild or severe, and it
can be short-term or long-term.
f. Insomnia is a sleep disorder that makes it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep.
g. Loneliness is the state of being alone or having few social connections. It can be a risk
factor for a number of health problems, including depression, anxiety, and dementia.
Smoking
h. is a major risk factor for lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke.
i. Diabetes is a chronic disease that can have a devastating impact on your physical and
mental health.
B. READING
1. Read the text and choose the right option.
If your friend betrays you, I will be on your side. If someone talks

about you behind your back, it's not a real friend, they envy. Best
friends are the people you can count on no matter what. But what
happens when jealousy or envy creeps into the friendship? Can best
friends handle it?
Jealousy is a natural emotion that we all experience. If your friend starts

getting close to someone new, it's normal to feel jealous. Talk to your
friend about how you're feeling instead of letting jealousy cause
problems. If real friends have a misunderstanding, they will be able to
clarify it.
Envy is a toxic emotion that can poison friendships. True friends should
be happy for each other's success. Reflect on why you feel envious and
address those underlying issues.
In conclusion, jealousy and envy can arise in friendships. Address
jealousy with communication and tackle envy head-on. True friends
support each other through insecurities. Reflect on the strength of your
friendship if you feel jealous or envious."
1. What is a good way to handle jealousy in a friendship?
A. Keep your feelings to yourself

B. Avoid your friend who is getting close to someone new
C. Get angry at your friend
D. Talk to your friend about how you feel
51
2. What should true friends do when one friend is successful?
A. Feel happy for their friend's success

B. Feel jealous of their friend's success
C. Try to make their friend not successful
D. Avoid talking about their friend's success
3. What is the main message of the passage?
A. Friendships are always perfect

B. Jealousy and envy are always bad in friendships
C. Jealousy and envy can be problems in friendships, but they can be dealt with
D. True friends should never feel jealous or envious
C. GRAMMAR – Zero conditional and first conditional.
➔ Zero conditional: Use the Zero Conditional when you want to express general truths, scientific
facts, or situations that are always true and do not depend on any specific conditions. It
emphasizes that the result is inevitable when the condition is met.
➔ First conditional: Use the First Conditional when you want to talk about real and possible
future situations, where there is a reasonable chance that the condition will be fulfilled. It
emphasizes the likelihood of the result happening if the condition is met.
Zero conditional First conditional
Positive: Positive:
If + present simple, present simple if + present simple, will + infinitive
Negative: Negative:
If + present simple, do not/does not + infinitive if + present simple, will not/won’t+ infinitive
For example:
First Conditional:
● Positive: If you study hard, you will pass the test.
● Negative: If you do not study hard, you will not pass the test.
Zero Conditional:
● Positive: If you heat water, it boils.
● Negative: If you don't heat water, it doesn't boil.
52
a. Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the first conditional or zero conditional.
1. If you heat ice, it melts (melt).
2. If it rains, we bring (bring) an umbrella.
3. We will go to the beach if the weather is (be) sunny tomorrow.
4. If water reaches 100 degrees Celsius, it boils (boil).
5. If I see her, I will say (say) hello.
6. We will miss the bus if we do not leave(not leave) on time.
7. If you mix red and blue, you get (get) purple.
8. If she studies (study) hard, she will pass (pass) the exam.
9. I will call you if I get (get) home early.
10. If you touch a hot stove, you will burn (burn) yourself.
b. Match the correct sentences with their question using zero and first conditional.
g1) If you heat ice, it melts. a) What will happen if you heat ice?
f 2) We will go to the park if it is sunny b) Will you buy a new phone?
tomorrow.
e 3) If he misses the bus, he will be late for work. c) What will she get if she studies hard?
c4) If she studies hard, she gets good grades. d) Will they go to the beach tomorrow?
b5) I will buy a new phone if I save enough e) What will he be if he misses the bus?
money.
h 6) If it rains, we will bring an umbrella. f) Will you go to the park tomorrow?
j 7) If you don't eat breakfast, you feel g) What will happen if water reaches 100
hungrybefore lunch. degrees Celsius?
d 8) They will not go to the beach if it rains h) Will you bring an umbrella?
tomorrow.
a9) If water reaches 100 degrees Celsius, it boils. i) What will you do if you see her?
i 10) If I see her, I will say hello. j) Do you feel hungry before lunch?
53
c. Correct sentences using zero and first conditional.
1. If it rains tomorrow, I will bring my umbrella.

If it rains tomorrow, I will bring my umbrella. (first conditional)
2. If I will have enough money, I will buy a new laptop.

If I have enough money, I will buy a new laptop. (zero conditional)
3. If he misses the train, he gets late for work.

If he misses the train, he gets late for work. (zero conditional)
4. If the sun will shine, we will go to the beach.

If the sun shines, we will go to the beach. (zero conditional)
5. If you will eat too much, you will not feel sick.
If you eat too much, you will feel sick. (first conditional)
6. If she will finish her work early, she will go out with friends.
If she finishes her work early, she will go out with friends. (first conditional)
7. If they study hard, they getting good grades.

If they study hard, they get good grades. (zero conditional)
8. If I see him, I will told him the news.

If I see him, I will tell him the news. (first conditional)
9. If it snow tomorrow, the school will be close.

If it snows tomorrow, the school will be closed. (first conditional)
10. If the cat sees the mouse, it runs after it.

If the cat sees the mouse, it runs after it. (zero conditional)
D. LISTENING
Listen to the conversation then answer the questions below.
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/conditionals
54
1. What is Sophie's opinion about camping and volcanoes in Iceland?
I don’t normally like camping
2. Why is Oliver upset with Sophie, and what topic did she forget to ask him about?
you forgot to ask him about his exam
3. How does Sophie describe the landscape of Iceland and the volcanoes she has seen?
There are about 30 active volcanoes in Iceland; the eruption in 2010 of Eyja … of that volcano really wasn’t so
serious. If it hadn’t affected flights, we wouldn’t have heard much about it. There’s a bigger volcano near it –
with a shorter name too – Katla.
Imagine your friend is in a difficult situation. What will you do if your friend asks for help?
Write 120 words blog about possible situations regarding it. You should Use Zero and First
conditional.
If my friend finds themselves in a tough spot and reaches out for help, my response would depend on the nature of the
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
situation. In the realm of zero conditional, if it's a manageable issue within my capabilities, like needing advice or a
listening ear, I'd be there without hesitation. For instance, if they're stressed about an upcoming exam, I'd offer study tips
or lend………………………………………………………………………………………………….
a supportive ear.
However, if the situation calls for immediate action, entering the realm of the first conditional, my response would be more
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
proactive. If they're stranded somewhere, I would rush to their aid. Similarly, if they're facing a crisis, I'd offer practical
assistance or connect them with resources that could help alleviate their predicament.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
In essence, whether it's offering a sympathetic ear or providing tangible support, I'd stand by my friend's side, ready to
assist however I can.
SPEAKING
In groups of 4 students, talk about what they will do if their friends are facing difficult issues?
55
AUTONOMOUS
UNIT 2 WORK #2 LESSON 2E
A. VOCABULARY
1. Read and complete the statements. Use the words in the box. There is one extra word.
3. Virus 4. Social division
2. Plastic pollution
5. Sustainability 6. lack of food 7. Poorness
8. Opportunity 9. Drugs 10. Depression
1. The alarming increase in plastic pollutionposes a significant threat to marine life and
ecosystems worldwide.
2. The outbreak of a new, highly contagious virus has led to widespread concern and
measures to contain its spread.
lack of food
3. The prolonged drought and crop failure resulted in a severe crisis, leaving
millions of people hungry and malnourished.
4. Emphasizing sustainability in our practices can help preserve natural resources for future
generations and protect the environment.
5. The economic downturn presented an opportunity for entrepreneurs to innovate and create
new business solutions.
6. The government's failure to address poorness in certain regions has led to increased
social unrest and inequality.
7. Online platforms can either exacerbate or mitigate social division , depending on how they
manage and moderate discussions among users.
56
8. Substance abuse and addiction to illegal drugs have devastating effects on individuals
and communities.
depression
9. The pandemic's impact on mental health has led to a surge in cases of among
people of all ages.
2. Order the following sentences in their correct form with the previous vocabulary.
a. Famine /in / a /crisis/resulted/severe.

a. Famine resulted in a severe crisis.
b. has led to / a/Depression/surge.

b. Depression has led to a surge.
c. Opportunity /to/ for /and / create /entrepreneurs/ new / solutions/innovate.

c. Opportunity for entrepreneurs to innovate and create new solutions.
d. The/address / government's failure / to/inequality/ in certain regions /poorness/ has led to /

increased /and/social/division.
The government's failure to address poorness in certain regions has led to increased social unrest and
inequality.
e. of7 The / irresponsible disposal / pollution/ has led to / a severe increase / in /waste/ plastic.
e. The irresponsible disposal of waste plastic has led to a severe increase in pollution.
f. concept/ The / of / is crucial / sustainability/ for the future / sustainability/ as / it / for future /
ensures.
f. The concept of sustainability is crucial for the future as it ensures sustainability for future generations.
g. A new / and / contagious / health / has emerged/ highly causing/ virus/ concern / among /
authorities.
g. A new and highly contagious virus has emerged, causing concern among health authorities.
h. public/ crime/ availability / The / widespread/ health issues/ of / illegal / has led to / a rise / in /
drugs/ rates/ and.
h. The widespread availability of illegal drugs has led to a rise in public crime rates and health issues.
i. Depression / can / have / of all ages / surge / in cases / the pandemic's impact / on mental health /
led to / a.
. The pandemic's impact on mental health has led to a surge in cases of depression among people of all ages.
57
B. READING
Read the following text and choose the correct answers:
WHAT ARE DRUGS?
Drugs are substances that alter the way the body or

mind works. Some drugs are legal, such as caffeine, alcohol,
or nicotine. Some drugs are illegal, such as cocaine, heroin,
or marijuana. Some drugs are used for medical purposes,
such as antibiotics, painkillers, or antidepressants. Other
drugs are used for recreational purposes, such as ecstasy,
LSD, or mushrooms.
Drugs can have various effects on the user, depending on the type, dose, frequency, and
mode of consumption. Some effects can be positive, such as euphoria, relaxation, or creativity.
These pleasurable effects are often what lead individuals to use drugs recreationally. For
instance, ecstasy, commonly referred to as "Molly" or "MDMA," is known for its ability to
induce feelings of intense joy and emotional warmth, making it popular in party and nightclub
scenes.
On the other hand, drugs can also have negative consequences on both physical and
mental health. Substance abuse and addiction are significant concerns associated with drug use.
Many illegal drugs have a high potential for addiction, leading individuals to crave and depend
on them, ultimately impacting their ability to function in daily life. Moreover, addiction can lead
to destructive behaviors, strained relationships, and financial problems.
True or false: True False
1. Some drugs, such as caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine, are legal true
substances.
58
2. The use of drugs can lead to both positive effects, like euphoria
true
and relaxation, as well as negative consequences on physical
and mental health.
3. All illegal drugs have a high potential for addiction, leading

false
individuals to crave and depend on them, ultimately impacting
their ability to function in daily life.
C. WRITING.
Write a 120-word paragraph about what you think of plastic pollution.
Plastic pollution is a dire consequence of human negligence and overconsumption. It's a silent yet menacing threat
to our environment, infiltrating every corner of the Earth, from the deepest oceans to the highest mountains. Plastic
debris not only chokes marine life and disrupts ecosystems but also leaches toxic chemicals, posing significant
health risks to both wildlife and humans. Its persistence in the environment, taking hundreds of years to decompose,
exacerbates the problem, creating long-lasting damage. While efforts to mitigate plastic pollution are underway,
including recycling initiatives and bans on single-use plastics, urgent and concerted action is necessary at every
level, from individual choices to global policies, to curb this escalating crisis and preserve the planet for future
generations.
59
UNIT 3
ALL THE ACTION
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
❖ Develop a solid understanding of passive voice usage in various

tenses, including present simple, past simple, present continuous, past
continuous, present perfect, past perfect, andfuture simple.
❖ Review movies using passive voice
❖ Write an essay based on health breaking news using passive voice
❖ Report orally braking environment news
60
MOVIES REVIEW
UNIT 3 LESSON 3A
Passive voice-present simple, past simple
A. VOCABULARY
5 Vocabulary List
4 10
1. List
2. Plot
3. Acting
4. Cinematography
5. Direction
9 8 3
6. Screenplay
7. Dialogue
8. Character
developmen
t
7 1
2
9. Editing
10. Special effects
61
B. READING
1. Read the review of the movie “Back to the Future” and mark the statements as true or
false. Then, correct the false statements.
"Back to the Future" is considered one of the most iconic movies from the 1980s.
It is often loved for its exciting storyline and memorable characters. In the movie,
a teenager named Marty McFly accidentally travels back in time to 1955. He is
sent there in a time machine that is built by his eccentric friend, Doc Brown.
In 1955, many things are different, and Marty is forced to find a way to return
to his own time. Important events are changed, so he must make sure that his
parents meet and fall in love. If this does not happen, Marty might not even exist
in the future.
The movie is filled with fun scenes and surprises. It is often praised for its
creativity and sense of adventure. It is also known for its strong performances
by Michael J. Fox, who plays Marty, and Christopher Lloyd, who plays Doc
Brown. "Back to the Future" is still watched by many people, even after
several decades.
1. Back to the Future" is considered one of the most True False

iconic movies from the 1980s.
__________________________________________________________________
2. Marty McFly travels back in time to 1955. True False

__________________________________________________________________
3. The time machine in the movie is built by Marty's
father. True False
__________________________________________________________________
3. The time machine in the movie is built by Marty's eccentric friend, Doc Brown.
4. Marty must ensure his parents meet and fall in love to
avoid changing the future. True False
Marty must ensure his parents meet and fall in love to avoid changing the future.
__________________________________________________________________
5. Back to the Future" is often praised for its sense True False
of adventure and creativity.
_________________________________________________________________
62
C. GRAMMAR- Passive voice –present simple, past simple
➔ Passive voice: Passive voice is a grammatical construction used to focus on the action of the
sentence rather than the doer of the action. In passive voice sentences, the subject of the
sentence is not the doer but the receiver of the action.
➔ When do we use it?
a. When the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant.
b. To emphasize the receiver of the action.
c. When the focus is on the action rather than the doer.
d. In formal or scientific writing.
Present be Past simple
Structure: Structure:
Subject + is/am/are + past participle Subject + was/were + past participle
The dog is walked by my neighbor. The house was built in 1900
The dog isn’t walked by my neighbor. Subject + wasn’t/weren’t + past participle
Is/Am/Are + Subject + past participle The house wasn’t built in 1900
Is the dog walked by my neighbor? Was/were + Subject + past participle?
Examples: Was the house built in 1900?
● The dishes are washed by my sister. Examples:
● This book is written by Stephen King.
● The ball was thrown by the boy.
● The car was stolen last night.
Additional rules for forming the passive voice in past simple and present simple:
● The verb to be must agree with the subject in both tenses.
● The past participle of the verb must be used.
● The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
● The word order of the sentence changes. In the active voice, the subject comes before the verb.
In the passive voice, the verb comes before the subject.
1. Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the passive voice: present simple and past simple.
a. The window was broken by the burglar last night. (break)

was delivered
b. The letter by the postman this morning. (deliver)
was eaten
c. The cake by the children at the party. (eat)
63
d. The dishes are washed by my sister every day. (wash)
e. The dog is walked by my neighbor every morning. (walk)

was written
f. This book by Stephen King. (write)
g. The report will be written by the team tomorrow. (write)
h. The meeting will be held in the conference room next week. (hold)
i. The new office will be built by the end of the year. (build)
j. The food is prepared by the chef in the kitchen. (prepare)
2. Read the exercise carefully, form the correct sentences using passive voice: present
simple and past simple.
a. The dog was bite by the cat.

The dog was bitten by the cat.
_ _ _ _
b. The house were painted by the artist beautifully.

The house was beautifully painted by the artist.
_ _ _
c. The report was write by the students good.

The report was written well by the students.
_ _ _
d. The mistakes are correct by the teacher carefully.

The mistakes are carefully corrected by the teacher.
_ _ _
e. The house was destroys by the fire badly.

The
_ house was badly destroyed by the fire. _ _
f. The property isn’t damaging by the storm heavily.

The property isn't heavily damaged by the storm.
_ _ _
g. The car was stole by the thief quickly.

The car was quickly stolen by the thief.
_ _ _
h. The patient was operates on by the doctor successfully.

The patient was successfully operated on by the doctor.
_ _ _
i. The letter is delivered by the postman yesterday.

D.
The letter was delivered by the postman yesterday.
_ _ _
64
E. LISTENING
https://youtu.be/2Gr6fGFqubo
1. After you have seen the video, complete the following sentences:
a. A lovely perfume! Where is made ? made in France
b. Excuse me, is this an imported ? Yes, sir. It was imported .
c. Wonderful vegetables! Were they grown by you ? Yes. It took a lot of hard work.
d. Is this house sould already? We wanted to buy it! Oh, so sorry. This house
was sold yesterday!
e. My boyfriend! Oh, no! What were you told him? we were told that your
boyfriend ischeating on you.
f. Hey Ethan, where did you say that good Japanese restaurant located ? Zoe,
located right next to the port
g. Quick quiz! Who was the Tesla invented ? Too easy! The Tesla invented
Elon Musk.
h. Hm…so crowded. Who was this picture created ? The Mona Lisa was created
by
Leonardoda Vinci in 1503
.
i. Final Exam question… When was the Colosseum built ? I know that! I believe it
was built in 70 AD.
j. Aiden, my friends by Facebook. How about you? Actually.
many people by WhatsApp.
65
F. WRITING AND SPEAKING
1. Write a movie review of the most remarkable movie of all the times, using passive voice: past
simple and present simple. Follow the example of the reading text. The review should have 120
words.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Title: "Timeless Elegance: A Review of 'Star Citizen'"
Simple past………………………………………………………………………………………………….
passive voice:
"Citizen of the Stars" captivated audiences around the world with its unparalleled storytelling and stunning visuals.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Each scene was meticulously crafted, drawing viewers into a world where time seemed to have stopped. The
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
performances were masterfully performed, enveloping the audience in a captivating narrative that transcended
time itself. From the grandeur of the sets to the subtle nuances of the characters, every aspect of the film was
executed………………………………………………………………………………………………….
with precision and finesse. The audience was transported to a realm where dreams came true and
possibilities were limitless. "Star Citizen" will forever be remembered as a cinematic masterpiece that captivated
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
and inspired generations.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Present simple passive voice:
"Star Citizen" continues to captivate audiences with its timeless charm and cinematic brilliance. Each frame is
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
carefully composed, inviting viewers on a journey through time. The performances are impeccably executed,
immersing ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
the audience in a world of wonder and intrigue. From the majestic landscapes to the intimate moments
between characters, every aspect of the film is crafted with care and attention to detail. The audience is
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
transported to a realm where the imagination knows no limits and the human spirit soars. "Star Citizen" is a
testament to the lasting power of storytelling and remains an unforgettable experience for all who have the
pleasure ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
of viewing it.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
G. SPEAKING
1. Share the writing activity with the whole class. Ask your classmates if they know more
information about the movie.
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NEWS
UNIT 3 Passive voice: present continuous and LESSON 3B
past continuous
A. VOCABULARY
contagious Spreading measures Sanitation

outbreak underway overwhelmed influx
treatment
contagious measures overwhelmed
measures
outbreak underway influx
Spreading Sanitation
treatment
epidemic
An _______________(1) is being reported in the city. The cause is unknown, but the virus is
contagious measures
highly _______________(2). Emergency _______________(3) are being implemented by the
outbreak
authorities to contain the _______________(4) overwhelmed
Health workers are _______________(5) by the
sudden _______________(6)
influx of patients, but they are doing their best to provide proper
_______________(7).
care quarantine
Strict rules for _______________(8) are being enforced, and everyone is
underway
required to follow them. Efforts to control the situation are _______________(9), and further
updates are expected soon.
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3. Read the report and mark the statements as True or False.
Breaking News: Major Health Scare as New Virus Variant Spreads

Rapidly
By Health Correspondent, Jane Thompson
The world is experiencing a new health scare as a highly contagious variant of a previously known
virus is spreading rapidly across several countries. Health officials are being alerted to the
situation, and efforts to contain the outbreak are underway.
Hospitals in affected areas were being overwhelmed by a sudden surge in patients exhibiting
symptoms related to the new variant. Medical teams are working around the clock to manage the
influx, and additional resources were being deployed to support front-line staff.
Authorities are being urged to implement strict safety protocols to prevent further spread.
Schools and workplaces are being advised to enforce social distancing measures and increase
sanitization efforts. Meanwhile, travel restrictions are being considered to contain the outbreak.
Research laboratories are being tasked with analyzing the new variant to understand its
characteristics and determine effective treatment methods.
This is a developing story, and more information will be provided as it becomes available. For
now, the public is being reminded to prioritize safety and stay informed through reputable
sources.
1. Efforts to control the outbreak are in progress, and health officials are
being informed. True False
2. Authorities are considering implementing new safety measures. True False
3. Schools and workplaces are not advised to enforce any safety measures. True False
4. Travel restrictions have been implemented to contain the outbreak. True False
5. Research laboratories are not involved in analyzing the new variant. True False
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B. GRAMMAR – Passive voice – Present Continuous and Past Continuous
Present continuous Past

continuous
Structure:
Structure:
Positive:
Positive:
Object + be + being + past participle +by S
Object + be + being + past participle + by S
The house is being painted by my father.
The car was being washed by Jhon.
The house isn’t being painted by my father.
The car wasn’t being washed by Jhon.
Be + object + being + past participle +by S
Be + object + being + past participle +by S
Is the house being painted by my father?
Was the car being washed by Jhon?
● The word order of the sentence changes. In the active voice, the subject comes before the
verb.In the passive voice, the verb comes before the subject.
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1. Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the passive voice: present continuous and past continuous.
a. The new building is being constructed (construct) by a renowned construction company.

was being examined
b. The patient ________(examine) by the doctor when the accident occurred.
c. The project is being worked on _______(work on) by the team for the upcoming presentation.
d. The car was being repaired

__________(repair) by the mechanic when the heavy rain started.
e. The cake is being baked __________(bake) by my sister for the family gathering tonight.
f. The document was being reviewed

_(review) by the supervisor when the printer ran out of ink.
g. The new software is being tested __________(test) by the IT department for any glitches.
h. The students were being taught _(teach) by the substitute teacher when the regular teacher
fell ill.
i. The garden is being tended _____(tend) by the gardener to prepare for the upcoming
event.
j. The presentation was being prepared_(prepare) by the team when the power outage occurred.
2. Please, choose the correct option (a, b, or c) for each sentence.
1. The house (build) by a team of architects.
a) was built b) is built c) is being built
2. The project (develop) by the team of engineers.
a) is being developed b) was developed c) is developed
3. The important report (prepare) by the finance department.
a) is preparing b) was prepared c) is being prepared
4. While it was raining, the flowers (water) by the gardener.
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a) were being watered b) were watered c) are being watered
5. The secret project (discuss) by the company executives.
a) was discussed b) is being discussed c) is discussed
6. The nature documentary (film) by a famous filmmaker.
a) was filmed b) is being filmed c) is filmed
7. While we were sleeping, the problem (solve) by the team of experts.
a) was being solved b) was solved c) is being solved
8. The delicious cookies (bake) by my grandmother.
a) are being baked b) were baked c) are baked
9. The new shopping mall (construct) in the city center.
a) is being constructed b) was constructed c) is constructed
10. The technical issues (resolve) by the support team.
a) were resolved b) are being resolved c) are resolved
3. Describe the pictures using passive voice: present continuous and past continuous
_________________________________________ _________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________________________
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_________________________________________ _________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________________________
C. LISTENING
1. Listen to the recording then mark true or false the statements below.
https://soundcloud.com/teacherpaul/listening-lab-exercise-49-present-continuous-tense-passive-voice
1. The children are fed by their mother.
2. The game is being watched by millions of people.

being picked up
3. Am I from the airport?
4. You are being tested next week.
5. The students aren´t being allowed to leave the building.

are being clean
6. The hotel rooms by the housekeepers.
7. Is the electrical work being done by an electrician?
8. The extra furniture is being stored in the basement.
9. New employees aren´t being hired fast enough.
10. Is the car being kept in a garage?
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D. WRITING AND SPEAKING

Write an essay about recent Global health news. (Use passive voice in present continuous and
past continuous form). Follow the next outline and make research first before to start writing.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
F. SPEAKING
1. Describe the image using the passive voice in the present continuous form. Share with the
class your ideas.
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ENVIRONMENTAL
UNIT 3 DISASTERS LESSON 3C
Passive voice-present perfect – past
perfect
A. VOCABULARY- Environmental disasters

1. Lebel the pictures with the words on your right.
Vocabulary List
7 8 4 1. Pollution
2. Deforestation
3. Climate change
4. Oil spill
5. Acid rain
9 2 5 6. Ozone depletion
7. Toxic waste
8. Erosion
9. Extinction
1 3 6

a. The contamination______caused by industrial discharges has contaminated the river,
posing a serious threat toaquatic life and human health.
b. Massive deforestation
____in the Amazon rainforest has led to the loss of precious
biodiversity andincreased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
c. Scientists warn that urgent actions are required to combat deforestationand its severe
consequences onglobal weather patterns.
d. An oil spill off the coast resulted in devastating consequences for marine ecosystems,
affectingfish populations and coastal habitats.
e. The phenomenon of of acid rain is a major concern as it damages forests, lakes, and
buildings,endangering both natural ecosystems and man-made structures.
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f. The excessive use of certain chemicals has contributed to the depletion of the ozone
layer, raisingconcerns about increased ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface.
g. Improper disposal of Toxic waste from industrial processes can lead to soil and water
contamination,posing health risks to nearby communities.
h. Widespread erosion in vulnerable regions has caused significant loss of fertile soil,
makingagriculture difficult and impacting local economies.
i. The ongoing environmental crisis is driving many species towards extinction , with
some alreadydisappearing from the planet forever.
B. READING
Deforestation
Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest is a pressing
environmental issue with far-reaching consequences. As one of the most
biodiverse and ecologically vital regions on Earth, the Amazonas plays a
critical role in regulating the global climate and housing numerous unique
plant and animal species. However, rampant logging, agricultural
expansion, and illegal activities have been practiced, which led to massive deforestation in recent years.
The clearing of vast forested areas for agriculture, livestock grazing, and logging contributes to
the release of significant amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Essential habitats for countless
species have been destructed by them. This loss of biodiversity can disrupt entire ecosystems, leading to
imbalances that affect both the environment and local communities that depend on the rainforest for their
livelihoods.
Moreover, deforestation exacerbates the issue of climate change, as fewer trees are available to
absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The reduction in forest cover also affects the water cycle,
potentially leading to altered rainfall patterns and increased vulnerability to droughts or floods.
1. True or false.
True False
Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest is a pressing environmental issue with

far-reaching consequences.
The clearing of vast forested areas for agriculture, livestock grazing, and logging
only contributes to the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Deforestation in the Amazon exacerbates climate change, as it reduces the

number of trees available to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
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C. GRAMMAR- Passive voice – Present Perfect and Past Perfect.
Present perfect Past perfect
Positive: Positive:
Subject + has/have + been + past participle + Subject + had + been + past participle + by agent
by agent Books had been read by the students
The planet has been destroyed by humans Negative:
Negative: Subject + had + not + been + past participle + by
Subject + hasn’t/haven’t+been + past participle agent
+ by agent
The planet hasn’t been destroyed by Books had not been read by the students
humans Interrogative
Interrogative Had + subject + been + past participle + by agent
Has/Have +subject + been + past participle + by
agent? Had books been read by the students?
Has the planet been destroyed by humans?
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1) Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the passive voice: present perfect and past perfect.
constructed
a) The new building _____________(construct) in just six months, and it
already looks impressive.
b) By the time the firefighters arrived, the fire contained _______________(contain)

and the damage was extensive.
c) had been found

The lost keys _______________________________ (find) by my sister, who had
been searching for them all day.
d) had been rescued

Many endangered species _______________________(rescue) and rehabilitated by
dedicated conservationists.
e) The important documents have been misplaced

___________ (misplace) by someone in the
office, causing a lot of chaos.
f) The valuable artwork was stolen __________ (steal) from the museum last week
and the investigation isongoing.
g) The exams have________________(complete)
been completed by the students, and now they
are eagerly awaiting their results.
h) By the time, we got to the party, all the food had been eaten
_____________(eat), and
only a few drinks remained.
i) The repairs have been finished

_____________(finish) on the bridge and it is now open for
traffic again.
had been planned

j) The surprise birthday party __________(plan) by her friends, and she
had no idea it was coming.
2. Describe the pictures using passive voice: present continuous and past continuous
_________________________________________ _________________________________________
_________________________________________ _________________________________________
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2) The students should order the sentences using passive voice in both present perfect and
past perfect.
a) has been/by /The cake/ baked/ delicious/ the chef/and /it looks.
a) The cake has been baked by the chef, and it looks delicious.
_ _
b) Have been /had/the presentation/ already/ for / and /the meeting/ they/ awarded medals/been
prepared.
The presentation had already been prepared for the meeting, and they have been awarded medals.
_ _
c) Had been/Many endangered species/ rescued/ and/ the consequences/ devastating/for decades/
havebeen.
Many endangered species had been rescued, and the consequences have been devastating for decades.
_ _
d) Contract/had already/The tickets/been/ for the event/ and /the/ has been/ both parties/sold
out/signedby.
The tickets had already been sold out for the event, and the contract has been signed by both parties.
_ _
e) the case/is/The investigation/ongoing/and/handled/the authorities/has been/by
The_investigation is ongoing, and the case has been

_ handled by the authorities.
f) CEO/restored/had been/ during the storm/and/a/ new/had been/by/the company/The

power/appointed.
The power had been restored during the storm, and a new CEO had been appointed by the company.
_ _
g) in this region/Deforestation/rampant/and/it/significant/harm/has been/has caused.
Deforestation
_ has been rampant in this region, and
_ it has caused significant harm.
h) and/have been/ the chef/the food/served/The dishes/has been/washed by.

The dishes served by the chef have been washed.
_ _
i) had been/by/The car/ the mechanic/ and/it/is now/smoothly/running.
The
_ car had been repaired by the mechanic, and
_ it is now running smoothly.
j) have been/The repairs/completed/the workers/and/the building/brand new/by/looks.

The repairs have been completed by the workers, and the building looks brand new.
_ _
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D. LISTENING
https://www.elllo.org/class/C1/C1-08-Passive-Present-Perfect.html
1. Listen to the conversation one and two, after choosing the correct answer.
a. So, do you think our tax refunds are already?
i. have been deposited
ii. have deposited
iii. had been deposited
b. Yeah, I still haven't been paid for my last job, so I really it.
i. need
ii. needed
iii. have needed
c. The project I was working on yet. No one gets paid until it's finished.
i. has not been completed
ii. was not completed
iii. had not been completed
d. Yeah, it's really frustrating because all of my work , but I need the others to
finish beforeI get paid.
i. have been completed
ii. had been completed
iii. has been completed
e. Good, the hotel , and the invitations have been sent out.
i. has been booked
ii. had been booked
iii. have been booked
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f. Yes, all but one .

i. have been confirmed
ii. has been confirmed
iii. had been confirmed
g. A contract by a local restaurant to provide food, but the menu has not been
decided onyet.
i. has been signed
ii. had been signed
iii. have been signed
F. WRITING
Summarize the following report using passive voice: present continuous and past continuous.
Write no less than 120 words.
Link: https://www.instagram.com/p/B4Alj-rhhji/?igsh=bHBmMXZyeXNxc3lm
The planet is currently being polluted at an alarming rate, with various human activities contributing to
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
environmental degradation. Pollution is being caused by industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and improper
waste disposal methods. Additionally, deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels are exacerbating the
problem. The………………………………………………………………………………………………….
atmosphere is being contaminated with greenhouse gases, leading to climate change and
global warming. Marine ecosystems are being harmed by plastic pollution and oil spills, affecting marine life
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
and biodiversity. Efforts are being made to mitigate pollution through regulations and environmental
initiatives,………………………………………………………………………………………………….
but more action is needed to address this pressing issue. In the past, pollution has been largely
driven by unsustainable practices, resulting in widespread environmental damage and health hazards for
both humans and wildlife. Efforts have been made to clean up polluted areas and implement stricter
regulations, but challenges remain in achieving a sustainable and pollution-free environment.
G. SPEAKING
Use your writing work and report it orally about what happened in Brazil.
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FUTURE
UNIT 3 INVENTIONS LESSON 3D
Passive voice: future simple
A. VOCABULARY.
9
Vocabulary List
8 3
1. Nanotechnology
2. Robotics
3. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
4. Quantum Computing
5. Biotechnology
2 6 7
6. Augmented Reality (AR)
7. Renewable Energy
8. Space Exploration
9. Internet of Things (IoT)
5
4
1
1. In the field of nanotechnology

, scientists manipulate matter at the nanoscale to create innovative materials with
unique properties.
artificial intelligence
2. The advancements in have enabled the development of autonomous machines capable of
performing complex tasks without human intervention.
Artificial intelligence
3. is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, which allows them to learn,
reason, and make decisions.
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quantum computing
4. With the help of , quantum physicists and computer scientists can solve complex problems
much faster than classical computers.
Biotechnology
5. is a multidisciplinary field that applies biological processes to develop technologies and
products for various industries, such as medicine and agriculture.
6. By using augmented reality
, users can experience a digitally enhanced view of the real world through devices
like smartphones or AR glasses.
enewable energy
7. The increasing adoption of sources like solar and wind power plays a crucial role in
addressing climate change and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
8. Space exploration
has enabled humans to explore the cosmos, sending spacecraft to distant planets and beyond
to uncover the mysteries of the universe.
9. The Internet of Things
refers to a network of interconnected devices, enabling them to collect and exchange data
for various applications, making our lives more efficient and convenient.
B. READING
Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a groundbreaking field of
computer science that aims to develop machines capable of
emulating human intelligence. It encompasses a diverse range of
technologies and methodologies, including machine learning,
natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics. AI
will be designed to create intelligent systems that can perceive
reason, learn, and adapt, leading to more efficient problem
solving and decision-making.
Machine learning is a core aspect of AI, where algorithms
enable systems to learn from data and improve their performance over time. Deep learning, a subset of
machine learning, has revolutionized AI by using neural networks with multiple layers to extract
intricate patterns and representations from vast amounts of data. Significant breakthroughs in various
domains will be led by AI, such as image and speech recognition, language translation, and
autonomous vehicles.
Natural language processing (NLP) allows machines to understand and generate human
language. This technology enables voice assistants, chatbots, and language translation services,
facilitating seamless communication between humans and machines.
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AI's impact extends beyond academia and research labs, with practical applications in industries
like healthcare, finance, transportation, and entertainment. AI-driven systems streamline processes,
enhance diagnostics, optimize financial transactions, and offer personalized recommendations,
improving overall efficiency and user experiences.
However, the rapid advancement of AI also raises ethical and societal concerns. Issues like data
privacy, bias in algorithms, and the potential for job displacement necessitate careful consideration and
responsible development.
1. True or false
True False
Machine learning is not a core aspect of AI; it is the central technique used in
AI to enable systems to learn from data and improve their performance over
time.
Natural language processing (NLP) does not allow machines to generate

human language. Instead, it enables machines to understand and process
human language, facilitating seamless communication between humans and
machines through applications like voice assistants, chatbots, and language
translation services.
Artificial Intelligence aims to develop machines capable of emulating human

intelligence, encompassing a diverse range of technologies like machine
learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics
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C. GRAMMAR- Passive Voice future simple.
Future simple
Structure:
Positive Form:
Subject + will be + past participle (by + agent, if mentioned)
Negative Form:
Subject + will not (won't) be + past participle (by + agent, if mentioned)
Examples:
Positive Form:
● The new software will be installed by the IT team tomorrow.
Negative Form:
● The meeting won't be rescheduled again.
● The word order of the sentence changes. In the active voice, the subject comes before the verb.
In the passive voice, the verb comes before the subject.
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1. Matching exercise.
1. The new building's design A. will be completed by the end of

2. The books for the library the year.
3. The concert tickets B. will be organized by the
4. The latest research findings students.
5. The important documents C. will be held at the city stadium.
6. The party decorations D. will be launched next month.
7. The movie premieres E. will be built in the next five
8. The winners of the years.
competition F. will be shipped to the
conference venue.
9. The software updates I. will
G. will be presented by the mayor.
be printed and distributed
H. will be announced on TV.
to the employees.
I. will be printed and distributed
10. The charity event J. will be
to the employees.
prepared by the fundraising
J. will be prepared by the
team.
fundraising team.
2. Complete the sentences, choosing the correct word to complete the passive voice in their
future simple form.
a. The new laboratory equipment by the scientists.
a) will be developed
b) will be developing
c) will be develop
b. The important message _ to all employees.
a) will be sending
b) will be sent
c) will send
c. The concert due to bad weather.
a) will cancel
b) will be canceling
c) will be canceled
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d. The annual report to the board of directors next week.

a) will be presented
b) will present
c) will be presenting
e. The delicious cake for the party.

a) will be baking
b) will bake
c) will be baked
f. The new product worldwide.

a) will distribute
b) will be distributed
c) will distributing
g. The museum exhibition for two months.

a) will be running
b) will run
c) will be run
h. The movie _ at the cinema on Friday.

a) will release
b) will be released
c) will be releasing
i. The meeting until the manager arrives.

a) will delay
b) will be delayed
c) will be delaying
3. Choose the correct form of the passive voice future simple.

a. The new project (will be completed / will complete) by the team of experts.
b. The valuable artifacts (will be displayed / will display) at the museum next month.
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c. The conference (will be attended / will attend) by delegates from various countries.
d. The secret recipe (will be kept / will keep) confidential by the chef.
e. The important documents (will be sent / will send) to the client tomorrow.
f. The old building (will be renovated / will renovate) next year.
g. The final decision (will be made / will make) by the committee.
h. The concert (will be performed / will perform) on the grand stage.
i. The birthday surprise (will be prepared / will prepare) by her friends.
j. The competition winners (will be announced / will announce) on the website.
D. LISTENING
Future Passive Voice Listening worksheet | Live Worksheets
Open the link and complete the exercise.
WRITING
Write a composition about what you think of the use of Artificial Intelligent in everyday
activities and its consequences or implications. For example, in areas such as: reading, listening
music, movies, etc. Use Passive voice: future simple
n the coming years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised to play an increasingly significant role in various
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
aspects of our daily lives, ranging from mundane tasks to more complex activities. In this composition, I will
explore how the use of AI in everyday activities might unfold and discuss its potential consequences or
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
implications.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Firstly, in the realm of reading, AI algorithms are expected to revolutionize the way we consume written
content. Books, articles, and even social media posts may be curated and personalized by AI systems
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
tailored to individual preferences. Moreover, AI-powered virtual assistants might assist readers in
summarizing, analyzing, and organizing information, making the process of acquiring knowledge more
efficient and accessible to everyone.
F. SPEAKING
In groups of three, debate about the role of technology in the future, its advantages, and
disadvantages.
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AUTONOMOUS
1. Choose the correct form of the passive voice in their future simple form
a. The new product (will be launched / will launch) next month.
b. The report (will be submitted / will submit) to the manager by the team.
c. The project (will be completed / will complete) before the deadline.
d. The tickets (will be bought / will buy) online for the concert.
e. The meeting (will be scheduled / will schedule) for tomorrow afternoon.
f. The book (will be written / will write) by a famous author.
g. The cake (will be baked / will bake) by my sister for the party.
h. The movie (will be released / will release) in cinemas next week.
i. The room (will be cleaned / will clean) by the hotel staff every day.
j. The letter (will be sent / will send) to the recipient by courier.
2. Complete the sentences using passive voice in present perfect.
a. The new building has been completed (complete) by the construction team.
b. The report has been submitted

(submit) to the supervisor last week.
c. The package has been delivered (deliver) to the customer just now.
d. The cake has been baked (bake) by my mom for the party.
e. The documents have been processed(process) by the administrative staff already.
f. The car has been repaired (repair) by the mechanic recently.
g. The novel has been written (write) by a famous author in 2019.
h. The presentation has been prepared (prepare) by the team since morning.
i. The movie was released (release) in cinemas last month.
j. The project has been finished (finish) by the deadline.
3. Complete the sentences using passive voice in past perfect.

a. The cake had been baked
(baked) by my sister before the guests arrived. (bake)
b. The report had been completed
(completed) by the team before the deadline. (complete)
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c. The car had been washed

(washed) by the mechanic before it was returned to the owner. (wash)
had been watched
d. The movie (watched) by millions of people before it won the award. (watch)
e. The building (destroyed) by the earthquake before any help could arrive. (destroy)
had been destroyed
f. The letter had been sent(sent) to the recipient before the mistake was noticed. (send)
g. The repairs had been done
(done) by the technicians before the machine was operational again. (do)
h. The books had been returned
(returned) to the library before the due date. (return)
i. The project had been approved
(approved) by the committee before it was implemented. (approve)
j. The concert had been cancelled
(cancelled) due to the bad weather before the audience arrived. (cancel)
4. Select the correct form of the passive voice in passive voice past continuous.
A. The car by the mechanic when the customer arrived.
a. was being washed
b. being washed
c. was washing
B. The new software on all the computers in the office.
a. installed
b. was being installed
c. was installing
C. The house while the family was on vacation.
a. was cleaning
b. being cleaned
c. was being cleaned
D. The bridge after the storm damaged it.
a. repaired
b. was repairing
c. was being repaired
E. The meeting in the conference room when the fire alarm went off.
a. being held
b. was holding
c. held
F. The trees by the volunteers in the park.
a. were being planted
b. were planting
c. being planted
G. The documents by the CEO during the board meeting.
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a. being signed
b. were being signed
c. was signing
H. The cake for the special occasion.
a. was being decorating
b. being decorated
c. was being decorated
I. The concert by the enthusiastic crowd.
a. enjoyed
b. was being enjoyed
c. being enjoyed
J. The experiment by the scientists when the equipment malfunctioned.
a. conducted
b. was being conducting
c. being conducted)
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UNIT 4
INTERVIEWS
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
❖ Identify the use of tag questions in English grammar, including their
structure and usage across various tenses (present be,present simple,
past simple, past continuous, present perfect, past perfect, and
future simple).
❖ Master the specific usage and formation of tag questions for present
be, present simple, past simple, and other tenses.
❖ Apply tag questions to engage others in dialogue, express ideas, and

elicit responses effectively.
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COMMOM JOB
INTERVIEWS
UNIT 4 QUESTIONS LESSON 4A
Tag questions: present be, present simple
A. VOCABULARY
Vocabulary List
3 5 9
1. Job
2. Conversation
3. The panel of interviewers
4. Humanitarian work.
5. Juggling
8 4 1
6. Challenges
7. Platform
8. Change
9. Indelible mark
2 7
6

job
1. When asked about their new_____________________ as a firefighter
indelible mark
2. The war veteran carried the _______________________ of his experience, etched in the lines on
his face and the tremor in his hands.
conversation
3. I struck up a _______________________ with the woman waiting in line next to me.
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challenges
4. The weather is predicted to _____________________ tomorrow, bringing rain.
5. The interviewee practiced their responses beforehand to feel confident in front of the
panel of interviewers.
_________________________
platform
6. The social media __________________ is a great way to connect with friends and family.
7. After witnessing the devastation of the hurricane, she felt compelled to dedicate herself to
humanitarian work.
__________________________.
8. With a new baby and a demanding job, she felt like she was constantly juggling her responsibilities.
challenges
9. The mountain climbers faced treacherous weather conditions and other ______________________
on their ascent.
B. READING
JOB INTERVIEW
1. What is the setting of the passage?
Job interview is a specific
a) A bustling theater
event happening, isn’t it? b) A sleek, modern conference room
Mark Harrington is sitting c) A casual living room
d) A humanitarian event
down for a candid
conversation with a panel 2. What is Mark Harrington's demeanor during
of industry experts in a highly anticipated job the interview?
a) Nervous and hesitant
interview, isn’t he? The interview is taking place in a
b) Calm and confident
sleek, modern conference room adorned with c) Angry and frustrated
minimalist decor, reflecting both Harrington's d) Bored and uninterested
sophistication and the gravity of the occasion, doesn't
3. What topics are the interviewers discussing
it? with Mark Harrington?
As the interview commences, Harrington's calm a) Only his acting career
b) Only his humanitarian work
demeanor and confident poise are immediately c) His entire career and philanthropic efforts
evident, mirroring his on-screen presence. The panel d) None of the above
of interviewers is delving into a wide range of topics,
from his early career breakthroughs to his recent
endeavors in humanitarian work.
Harrington and the participant are eloquently
discussing the challenges they are facing while
juggling their dual roles as an artists and
philanthropists, aren't they? Harrington is
highlighting
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the importance of leveraging his platform to create 4. What is Mark Harrington trying to convey
during the interview?
positive change, isn’t he? Throughout the interview,
a) The challenges of being famous
his passion for acting and commitment to social causes b) The importance of separating art and social
are shining through, leaving an indelible impression on causes
c) How to be a successful philanthropist
both the panel and the audience.
d) The importance of using his platform for positive
As the conversation concludes, it is clear that change
Mark Harrington's job interview transcends
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
convention and offers insights into an extraordinary
a) Mark Harrington is a successful actor.
life. One that leaves an indelible mark on both the b) Mark Harrington is being interviewed for a job.
entertainment industry and the world at large. c) Mark Harrington is passionate about both acting
and social causes.
d) Mark Harrington's interview is unlike any other.
C. GRAMMAR- Tag questions: present be, present simple.
➔ Tag questions: A tag question is a grammatical construction that turns a statement into a
question. It involves adding a short question tag to the end of a declarative sentence. Tag
questions are used to seek confirmation or agreement from the listener. The tag generally
consists of an auxiliary verb and a pronoun that corresponds to the subject of the main sentence.
a. Seeking Confirmation
b. Checking Information
c. Softening Statements
d. Inviting Agreement
e. Expressing Surprise
f. Seeking Conversation
Present be Present simple
● Positive Statement: Subject + "am/are/is" + ● Positive Statement: Subject + main verb
main verb-ing, e.g., "You are studying." (base form), e.g., "He likes pizza."
● Negative Tag: "aren't/isn't" + ● Negative Tag: "don't/doesn't" + subject,
subject, e.g., "aren't you?" e.g., "doesn't he?"
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Examples:
● Statement: "You are studying, aren't you?" Examples:
● Statement: "She is reading, isn't she?" ● Statement: "He likes pizza, doesn't he?"
● Statement: "She sings beautifully, doesn't
she?"
a. Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the tag questions: present be, present simple.
1. don't you
You speak French, ___________?
2. don't they
They live near the beach, _______________?
3. don't we
We usually have coffee in the morning, _____________?
4. She never complains, ______________?
does she
5. doesn't it
It rains a lot in this city, _______________?
6. aren't I
I am a good swimmer very, _______________?
7. don't you
You like chocolate ice cream, ______________?
8. do they
They don't watch much TV, _______________?
9. don't we
We go to the gym on Tuesdays, ________________?
10. is she
She isn't working today, _____________?
b. Multiple choice. Select the correct answer to complete the tag questions: present be, present simple.
Susan isn’t a teacher,__________? My parents don’t live in the city, -------?

a) is she a) don't they
b) isn't she b) isn't it
c) does she c) are they
d) doesn't she d) do they
You don’t play the piano, ____? Carlos speaks English fluently, ?
a) aren't you a) doesn't he
b) do you b) isn't he
c) don't you c) does he
d) are you d) is he
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We aren’t going to the party, ? It's a beautiful day, ?
a) are we a) isn't it
b) aren't we b) is it
c) do we c) does it
d) don't we d) doesn't it
The book isn’t on the table, ? I am right, ?

a) is it a) am I
b) isn't it b) aren't I
c) does it c) amn’t I
d) doesn't it d) don't I
They need help with their homework, ? You like ice cream, ?
a) do they a) aren't you
b) don't they b) do you
c) are they c) don't you
d) aren't they d) are you
c. Choose the correct option and complete using tag questions: present be and present simple.
doesn't it
1. The concert (starts / plays) at 10 PM, __________ ?
don't they
2. I (am / think) on the right track, ____________ ?
3. Mary and Tom (have / want) to finish the project today, don't you
___________?
4. You (like / go) swimming in the ocean, don't you _______?

doesn't she ?
5. Martha (is / likes) hamburger, _________
6. Manuel and Jim (are / go) to the gym every day, don't they
___________ ?
7. My dad (has / lives) in the city, __________?

doesn't he
can't we
8. Charles and I (do / can) this later, ____________ ?
doesn't it
9. It (looks / has) like rain, ____________ ?
don't you
10. You (are / enjoy) watching mystery movies, ___________ ?
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D. LISTENING
https://slideplayer.com/slide/9296412/
3. Listen to the recording and complete the sentences with tag question forms.
haven't you
1. You have seen that film, _________________?
didn't he
2. He won the prize, __________ ?
does she
3. Ann never goes anywhere, ___________ ?
don't you
4. You live near here, ____________________?
didn't you
5. You turned left, _________________?
should I
6. I shouldn’t laugh, ___________ ?
wasn't she
7. Sara was winning, _________ ?
don't you
8. You live near here, ________ ?
9. I’m helpful, __________

aren't I ?
isn't there
10. There is a chemist`s near here, _________________?
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F. WRITING
Write a 120-words paragraph describing a common job interview assumption. Use tag
questions: present be and present simple and the vocabulary learned.
In job interviews, there's often an assumption that candidates possess certain skills or experiences based on
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
their resume. Employers may expect applicants to demonstrate proficiency in specific areas mentioned in
their CVs, such as technical expertise or leadership qualities. For instance, if a candidate lists project
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
management as a skill, the interviewer might assume they have experience leading teams or coordinating
tasks. This assumption influences the questions asked during the interview, probing the candidate's ability to
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
handle relevant responsibilities. Tag questions like "You have experience with project management, don't
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
you?" may be used to confirm these assumptions, seeking affirmation or clarification from the candidate.
These assumptions play a crucial role in shaping the interviewer's perception of the candidate's suitability for
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
the role.
G. SPEAKING
Describe a common job interview. Use the present be and present simple tense
throughout and incorporate tags question.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
In a common job interview, the atmosphere is usually formal, and both the interviewer and interviewee are
focused on assessing each other. The interviewer is typically seated behind a desk, while the interviewee sits
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
across from them. Questions about the candidate's qualifications and experiences are asked, and the
interviewee responds with confidence. The interviewer often takes notes during the conversation to remember
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
key points later. Tag questions like "You have experience in this field, don't you?" or "You are comfortable
working in a team, aren't you?" are frequently used to confirm information or gauge the candidate's reactions.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Throughout the interview, both parties strive to create a positive impression, with the interviewee showcasing
their skills and suitability for the position, while the interviewer evaluates their fit for the role.
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JOB MEETINGS
UNIT 4 LESSON 4B
Tag questions: past simple, past continuous.
A. VOCABULARY.
a) Match the pictures with the words on your right.
2 3 9
Vocabulary List
1. Meeting
2. Discussion
3. Collaboration
4. Virtual video calls.
5. Work environment
5 4 6
6. Success
7. Showcase
8. Skills
9. Qualifications
7 1 8
b) Complete the sentences with the most appropriate vocabulary.
1. The agenda will guide topics in the upcoming meeting ____.

qualifications
2. His extensive _____________________ made him a standout applicant for the scholarship program
3. ___________________________
Virtual video calls are essentially online conversations where you can see and hear the
other person in real-time.
discussion
4. The teacher encouraged open ______________________ in the classroom, allowing students to ask
questions freely.
Success
5. _____________________ is achieving personal goals, whatever they may be.
6. Learning a new language opens doors and allows you to develop communication
skills
__________________
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A work environment
7. _____________________ is one that promotes well-being, productivity, and satisfaction. It fosters
collaboration, open communication, and a sense of respect among employees.
collaboration
8. Encouraging ___________________ in the classroom can help students develop teamwork and
communication skills.
Showcase
9. ______________________ A physical container for displaying items: This is typically a glass-enclosed
case you might see in a store or museum to display products or artifacts.
B. READING
Job meetings
1.- Job meetings were important in the
Job meetings played a employment process because:
pivotal role in the A) They were entertaining for both parties.
B) They allowed employers to assess a
employment process, candidate's fit.
C) They were a platform to discuss
didn’t they? They qualifications.
served as a platform D) All of the above
where job seekers and 2.-What was essential for effective

communication during a job meeting?
employers came together to discuss opportunities,
A) Enthusiastic body language by the
qualifications, and expectations. These gatherings often employer only.
B) Clear explanation of job requirements by
set the tone for future collaboration and success. During the employer.
job meetings, candidates had the chance to showcase C) The candidate highlighting their skills and
passion.
their skills, experiences, and passion for the role, while D) A and C only.
employers assessed whether the individual was the right 3.-During a job meeting, what topics might be
fit for their organization; didn’t they? discussed?
A) The company's history and social events
Effective communication was paramount in job meetings. B) The candidate's hobbies and interests
C) The job's responsibilities and
Job seekers must have articulated their qualifications and compensation
demonstrated their enthusiasm, while employers didn’t D) The employer's personal life
need to have communicated job requirements and 4.-Which of the following is NOT a format
mentioned in the passage for modern job
company culture, did they? The meeting may have
meetings?
included discussions about the job's responsibilities, work A) In-person interview
B) Phone interview
environment, and compensation package, allowing both C) Virtual video call
parties to align their expectations. In the modern era, job D) All of the above are mentioned.
meeting was taking various forms, wasn’t it? From 5.- The reading suggests job meetings occur in:
A) Only tech startups
traditional in-person interviews to virtual video calls. B) Only established corporations
They also encompassed diverse industries, ranging from C) Diverse industries like tech and established
corporations
tech startups to established corporations, making each D) Informal gatherings only
encounter unique.
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C. GRAMMAR- Tag questions: past simple, past continuous.
Past simple Past continuous
● Positive Statement → Negative Tag ● Positive Statement → Negative Tag
If the main sentence is positive in the past If the main sentence is positive in the past
simple tense, the tag question is negative. continuous tense, the tag question is
● Positive Statement → Negative Tag negative.
If the main sentence is positive in the past ● Negative Statement → Positive Tag
simple tense, the tag question is negative. If the main sentence is negative in the past
Examples: continuous tense, the tag question is
● She visited the museum yesterday, didn't positive.
she? Examples:
● They didn't enjoy the movie, did they? ● He was studying all night, wasn't he?
● She wasn't feeling well, was she?
a. Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the tag questions: past simple, past continuous.
didn't we?
1. Kim and I forgot to call them, _______________?
didn't it?
2. It rained all day yesterday, _________________?
weren't you?
3. You were reading a book when I arrived, ______________?
did they?
4. Gaby and Roddy didn't win the competition, ________________?
didn't we?
5. My mom and I missed the train because we overslept, _____________?
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weren't you?
6. While I was waiting in line, you were checking your phone, _____________?
didn't she?
7. Jessica baked a delicious cake, _____________?
were they?
8. My cousins weren't listening to the teacher, _____________?
didn't they?
9. Charles and Jhon finished the project early, _____________?
weren't you?
10. You were having lunch when I called, _____________?
b. Please, choose the correct option (a, b, or c) for each sentence.
1. They arrived early at the party, ________?
a) didn't they b) did they c) weren't they
2. We were cooking dinner when you called, ___________?
a) weren't we b) did we c) didn't we
3. She didn't see the movie, _____________?
a) did she b) wasn't she c) saw she
4. He played basketball all afternoon, ____________?
a) was he not b) wasn't he c) didn't he
5. You finished your homework quickly, ___________?
a) didn't you b) did you not c) weren't you
6. They were waiting for the bus when it started raining, _____________?
a) weren't they b) did they c) didn't they
7. She didn't understand the question, _____________?
a) did she b) wasn't she c) understood she
8. We watched the movie at the cinema, ______________?
a) were we not b) didn't we c) watched we
9. He ran all the way home, _____________?
a) was he not b) didn't he c) ran he not
10. They were having breakfast when I arrived, ______________?
a) weren't they b) did they c) didn't they
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c. Choose the correct answer from the box.
didn't we weren't they weren't they weren't they was she
did you didn't we did you wasn't she didn't we
didn't we
1. We forgot to lock the door, __________________?
weren't they
2. Tom and Peter were having a picnic when it started to rain, ___________________?
didn't you
3. You finished your homework quickly, ____________________?
were they
4. Claudia wasn't listening to the teacher, ______________________?
didn't we
5. Mario and I went to the beach last summer, ____________________?
weren't they
6. My partners were arguing while we were waiting outside, ___________________?
did you
7. You didn't enjoy the movie, _______________________?
wasn't she
8. Anna was reading a book when I called, ____________________?
didn't we
9. We missed the bus, _______________________?
weren't they
10. Jack and Mary were playing soccer in the park all afternoon, ___________________?
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D. LISTENING
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/question-tags
isn't it?
Ollie: What time is it? Oh, hi, Mum. It’s a bit early, _______________
Sophie: Oh, yes, I suppose it is. Look, Ollie, I’ve got to ask you a really huge favor …
Ollie: Slow down, Mum. I’m not awake yet.
Sophie: Sorry, love. It’s just that I’ve got a bit of a problem. I’ve broken down …
Ollie: Hang on, you’re in a desert in the middle of Australia, ________________
aren't you?
Sophie: It’s not exactly a desert, you know. It’s called the outback.
Ollie: Mum! It’s really dangerous to get stuck out there!
Sophie: It’s not so bad, but I need you to find someone in Alice Springs who will come and get
me. Tell them that I’m about two hours away on the Stuart Highway, south of Alice. I can’t look
for information because there’s no mobile coverage here and I can’t get the internet.
Ollie: So how are you phoning me?
Sophie: On my satellite phone, of course.
is she?
Daisy: What’s going on? Mum isn’t in trouble, _______________
Ollie: Yes …
Sophie: No, I’m fine. I’ve got plenty of food and water.
Ollie: But it must be really hot out there.
Daisy: Oh, we tell you not to drive in the outback on your own, ___________
don't we?
Sophie: Listen, you two, I’m absolutely fine. I just need a bit of help with a phone call. These
things happen when you travel independently. You can’t expect to see the world without a few
little problems.
Daisy: Uh oh, I can feel the travel versus tourism lecture coming on.
Sophie: That’s enough from you two. Ollie, the satellite number is on the fridge. Give me a call
when you’ve arranged something.
Ollie: OK, Mum, it’s your phone bill. Keep cool!
Sophie: I’ll try. Bye loves, and thanks!
isn't she?
Ollie: I think she might be getting a bit old for this sort of travelling, ______________
Daisy: Nah, she’ll be OK. She’s a lot tougher than you or me. I can’t imagine her doing anything
else, can you?
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WRITING
Write a 120-word paragraph, as if you were the marketing manager asking for a report on the
latest job. Use past simple, past continuous.
As the marketing manager, I requested a comprehensive report on our latest job. The team had been diligently
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
working on this project for the past few weeks, implementing various strategies to ensure its success. We conducted
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
extensive market research, analyzing consumer trends and competitor activities. Our creative department was
actively brainstorming ideas, developing captivating content, and designing eye-catching visuals to resonate with our
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
target audience. Meanwhile, the social media team was continuously monitoring engagement metrics and adjusting
our approach accordingly. The sales team was busy forging partnerships and securing placements to maximize
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
exposure. Throughout the process, effective communication and collaboration were key, with regular meetings and
updates keeping everyone aligned. Now, as the project concludes, I eagerly awaited the report to evaluate our
performance, identify areas for improvement, and celebrate our achievements.
SPEAKING.
You are the marketing manager asking for a report on the latest job. Use past simple, past
continuous.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
As the marketing manager, I requested a detailed report on our most recent project. The team was actively engaged
in executing various marketing strategies over the past month. We conducted market research, analyzed consumer
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
behavior, and crafted compelling content to drive engagement. Our designers were working tirelessly to create
visually appealing assets, while our social media team was continuously monitoring and optimizing campaign
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
performance. Sales efforts were ongoing, with our team reaching out to potential partners and securing
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
collaborations. Throughout the project, we maintained open communication channels and held regular progress
meetings. Now that the project has concluded, I needed a comprehensive report to assess our performance, identify
successes and challenges, and strategize for future projects.
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RUN INTO SOMEONE
UNIT 4 LESSON 4C
Tag questions: present perfect, past perfect
A. VOCABULARY
a. Match the pictures with the words on your right.
Vocabulary List
8
6
1. Encounter
2. Unexpectedly
3. Planned days
4
4. Cascade
7 9
5. Dominated
6. Fleeting stars
7. Joy
8. Doorway
2 3 5 9. Human interactions
b. Complete the sentences with the most appropriate vocabulary.
dominated
1. The loud music ______________________ the conversation in the room.
fleeting stars
2. We made a wish upon seeing the _______________________
joy
3. Spending time with loved ones fills me with immense _____________________.
doorway
4. Stepping through the old _____________________ we entered a hidden garden.
5. encounters
School is a place for important _____________________ and learning.
encounter
6. We had a chance ____________________ with a lost tourist while walking in the park.
Unexpectedly
7. __________________________ a shooting star streaked across the night sky.
planned days
8. We like to spend our _______________________ exploring new places.
9. The sound of laughter ________________________

cascaded down the hallway.
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B. READING
1. Read the text carefully. Answer the following quest.
Running into someone
Running into someone unexpectedly has created a

serendipitous moment that leaves a lasting impact, hasn't it? It's
a collision of lives, a sudden intersection of paths that brings two
individuals together in a unique and unplanned way, doesn't it?
The encounter has been with an old friend, a familiar face from
the past, or a stranger who had potentially become an important
part of your life story, hasn’t it?
In those brief seconds, as gazes meet and words are exchanged, there's a fusion of surprise,
curiosity, and perhaps even a touch of awkwardness, haven't there been? It's a reminder of the
unpredictability of life, that amidst our meticulously planned days, fate can intervene with an
encounter that stirs emotions and memories, can't it? These impromptu meetings have sparked
new connections or rekindle forgotten ones, triggering a cascade of emotions ranging from joy to
nostalgia, haven't they?
Whether it's a chance to catch up, a doorway to a new friendship, or simply a reminder of
the intricate tapestry of human interactions, running into someone unexpectedly underscores the
beauty of spontaneity in a world hadn't dominated by routine, these encounters, have been like
fleeting stars in the night sky, illuminate the unexpected and keep life's narrative rich and diverse,
haven't they?
a. Response true or false
True False
1. Running into someone unexpectedly can never have a lasting impact.
2. When you run into someone unexpectedly, it is always

someone you already know.
3. Running into someone unexpectedly can only create positive emotions.
4. The reading compares unexpected encounters to fleeting stars because

they are both beautiful and unpredictable.
5. The reading suggests that our lives are usually full of spontaneity.
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C. GRAMMAR-Tags questions: present perfect, past perfect.
Present perfect Past perfect
● Positive Statement → Question Word + ● Positive Statement → Subject + had +
Have/Has + Subject + Past Participle + past participle (verb's 3rd form) + rest of
Rest of the Sentence the sentence
● Positive Statement → Subject + ● Negative Statement → Subject + had not
Have/Has not + Past Participle + Rest of (hadn't) + past participle (verb's 3rd form)
the Sentence + rest of the sentence
Examples: Examples:
1. How long have they studied French? ● They had completed their work by the timeI
2. We haven't seen that movie before. arrived, hadn’t they?
● They hadn't completed their work by the
time I arrived, had they?
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a. Choose the correct answers:
1. Mary and I haven't seen that movie yet, ___________________?

(A) have we? (B) haven't they? (C) did we? (D) had they?
2. Jacky and his dad have been living here for ten years, _____________________?
(A) haven't they? (B) had they? (C) don't they? (D) didn't they?
3. I've never been to Paris, ________________________?

(A) have I? (B) haven't I? (C) did I? (D) didn't I?
4. Karly hasn't spoken to him since yesterday, ______________________?

(A) doesn't she? (B) did she? (C) hadn't she? (D) has she?
5. You'd already left by the time I arrived, _______________________?

(A) haven't you? (B) didn't you? (C) hadn't you? (D) weren't you?
6. We'd been waiting for hours before the train finally came, ____________________?
(A) hadn't we? (B) weren't we? (C) didn't we? (D) haven't we?
7. They had already eaten dinner by the time we got there, ________________?
(A) didn't they? (B) hadn't they? (C) haven't they (D) weren't they?
8. My sister hasn't decided what to wear yet, _____________________?

(A) has she? (B) did she? (C) hadn't she? (D) doesn't she?
9. Your cousins have been studying all morning, ______________________?

(A) haven't they? (B) hadn't they? (C) weren't they? (D) don't they?
10. I hadn't been feeling well for a few days before I went to the doctor, ___________________?
(A) haven't I? (B) didn't I? (C) had I? (D) don't I?
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b. Matching exercise. Match each sentence with their correct tag question.
1. Karla hasn’t visited Boston before.

a) has he?
2. Manuel and Erick hadn’t already left.
b) haven't they?
3. Tom hasn't buy the ticket yet.
c) had she?
4. You hadn’t finished your work.
d) have they?
5. It hasn’t been a long journey. e) has it?
6. Jim and I haven’t been to that restaurant. f) hasn't he?
7. Mary hadn't tried sushi before. g) had they?
8. Your aunts haven't watched h) had you?
the newepisode. i) has she?

9. John has finished the project. j) hadn't they?
10. The team had won thechampionship.
a. Choose the correct form of the tag question.
1. Peter hasn't finished his assignment yet,

(has he/hasn't he)?
2. You had met him previously,
(hadn't you/had you)?
3. It's been a great day,
(hasn't it/has it)?
4. You and I have traveled to that country before,
(haven't we/have we)?
5. Mary hasn't read the book,
(has she/hasn't she)?
6. His friends hadn't seen that movie,
(had they/hadn't they)?
7. John has learned to play the piano,
(hasn't he/has he)?
8. The team had won the championship,
(hadn't they/had they)?
9. Anna has already eaten,

(hasn't she/has she)?
10. They had visited London before,
(hadn't they/had they)?
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D. LISTENING
WRITING
Write five original sentences using tag questions with present perfect or past perfect. Make sure
the tagquestions are correctly formed and appropriate for the sentences.
You've finished your homework, haven't you?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
.
She had visited Paris before, hadn't she?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
.
We've cleaned the house thoroughly, haven't we?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
.
They had seen that movie already, hadn't they?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
.
F. SPEAKING
Imagine you're sharing your past experiences with a friend. Talk about at least three situations where
you've used present perfect or past perfect in your sentences. Use tag questions at the end of your
statements and questions. For example: "I have visited New York, haven't I?" or "She had already left,
hadn't she?"
I have traveled to Japan twice, haven't I? The first time was for a cultural exchange program during my
university years, and the second was for a solo adventure exploring Kyoto and Tokyo. Both trips were
unforgettable, and I learned so much about the culture and traditions.
She had already finished her thesis by the time the deadline came, hadn't she? My friend Maria is incredibly
diligent, and I remember she completed her work weeks before everyone else. It was impressive to see how
organized and dedicated she was throughout the process.
We have never seen such a beautiful sunset before, have we? Last summer, we went to Santorini, and one
evening, we watched the sunset from Oia. The sky turned into a mesmerizing palette of colors, and it felt like a
magical moment that we'll always cherish.
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MY DREAMS
UNIT 4 LESSON 4D
Tag questions: future simple
A. VOCABULARY.
Vocabulary List
5 2 7
1. Path
2. Aspiration
3. World
4. Ambition
9 6 5. Imagination
4
6. Vision
7. Landscape
8. Navigate
9. Pursuit
3 8 1
b. Complete the sentences with the most appropriate vocabulary.
vision
1. A clear _________________ of your future helps you make choices today.
aspiration
2. Following your _________________ can lead you to a fulfilling life.
world
3. The _______________ of knowledge is vast and ever-expanding.
ambition
4. A strong __________________ fuels your determination to succeed.
5. Use your ________________
imagination to create new possibilities and dream big.
path
6. A well-defined _________________ keeps you focused on your goals.
landscape
7. The _________________ of challenges and opportunities surrounds you.
navigate
8. Learning to ____________________ through difficult situations is a valuable skill.
pursuit
9. The ____________________ of happiness is a lifelong journey.
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B. READING
Thoughts and aspirations

In the realm of my innermost thoughts and aspirations, lies a
tapestry woven from the threads of my dreams, don't they? These dreams,
fueled by a boundless imagination, form the bedrock of my journey
through life, right? They won’t be the stars that light my path, the silent
orchestrators of my endeavors, will they?
Each night, as I close my eyes, I enter a dreamscape where reality

merges seamlessly with the extraordinary, do I ever? Among these dreams,
I find aspiration that propels me forward, ambitions that challenge me to
transcend my limits, and a profound desire to carve my mark on the world,
wouldn't you say?
In this ethereal landscape, my hopes take shape, painting vivid portraits of possibilities yet
unexplored, don't they? These dreams will be the guardians of my vision, granting me glimpses of a future
imbued with purpose and fulfillment, won't they? They offer a sanctuary where the boundaries of the
ordinary yield to the extraordinary, a realm where I can be anything I dare to imagine, can't I?
As I navigate the waking world, these dreams remind me that within the realm of possibility, every
aspiration can evolve into reality, can't it? My dreams, ever-present and unwavering, will be the compass
that guides me through the myriad paths of life, won’t they? An eternal source of inspiration that fuels
my pursuit of greatness, doesn't it?
a. Response true or false
True False
1. The author believes that dreams are unimportant to their life journey.
2. The author's dreams are based solely on their imagination.
3. The author never experiences dreams that combine reality and fantasy.
4. The author doesn't believe their dreams can help them achieve their goals.
5. The author thinks their dreams limit them to the ordinary.
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C. GRAMMAR-Tag questions: future simple
Future simple
Estructure:
Positive Statement → Subject + Future Simple (Will) + Rest of the Sentence
Negative Statement → Subject + Will Not (Won't) + Rest of the Sentence
Examples:
1. They will attend the meeting, won't they?
2. He won't forget, will he?
a. Choose the correct tag question for each sentence.

1. You will come to the party,________________________?
2. a) will you? b) won't you? c) do you? d) does you?
3. Mary will finish her homework on time, ______________________?
4. a) won't she? b) isn't she? c) does she? d) will she?
5. Charles and Tom will be late for the meeting, _____________________?
6. a) won't they? b) will they? c) aren't they? d) don't they?
7. Peter will not forget to call you, _____________________?
8. a) will he? b) won't he? c) does he? d) isn't he?
9. My dad and I will have a great time at the beach tomorrow, _____________________?
10. a) will we? b) won't we? c) do we? d) does we?
11. You will pass the exam easily, _______________________?
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12. a) won't you? b) will you? c) do you? d) does you?
13. Susan will not forget her keys this time, __________________?
14. a) will she? b) won't she? c) does she? d) isn't she?
15. They will arrive before noon, _____________________?
16. a) won't they? b) will they? c) do they? d) does they?
17. He will finish the project by Friday, ______________________?
18. a) will he? b) won't he? c) does he? d) isn't he?
19. We will not be late for the movie, ______________________?
20. a) will we? b) won't we? c) do we? d) does we?
b. Use the words in the box to complete the sentences. Choose the correct tag question.
won't you? won't she? won't he? won't we? will it?
will they? won't you? won't they? won't you? won't she?
won't you
1. You will attend the concert tomorrow, ____________________?
won't she
2. Karla will visit her parents next weekend, __________________?
won't they
3. My uncles will finish the project on time, _________________?
won't he
4. Jack will complete the assignment by Friday, ____________________?
5. The men will go hiking in the mountains, _________________________?
won't they
won't you
6. You will remember to bring your passport, _____________________?
won't she
7. Sophie will meet us at the café later, _______________________?
won't you
8. You'll call me when you get home, ______________________?
will it
9. The train probably won't be delayed, _______________________?
will they
10. My partners Won’t finish the project on time, ___________________?
c. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of tag questions.
Simple Future Tag Question

1. The store will be open by noon. a) Will we?
2. I'll bake cookies this weekend. b) Will she?
3. Jack and I probably won't see a movie tonight. c) won't we?
4. She'll be surprised by the gift. d) Won’t I?
5. We will enjoy the concert tonight. e) won't it?
6. The children will travel to Europe next summer. f) won't I?
7. Anna will not forget her umbrella, g) Won’t she?
8. I'll need your help with this project. h) Don't they?
9. We won't forget your birthday. i) Won't it?
10. The game will start at 7 pm sharp. j) won't I?
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D. WRITING AND SPEAKING
E. WRITING
Write a paragraph describing your plans for the upcoming weekend or a future event. Use
future simple statements in your paragraph, and then add future simple tag questions to each
statement to create a conversational tone. (120 words)
This weekend, I'll visit the new art exhibit downtown, won't I? It promises to be an exciting display of
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
contemporary pieces, and I'll meet up with some friends there, won't I? After the exhibit, we'll grab lunch at
that new café everyone's been talking about, won't we? In the afternoon, I'll have some time to relax at home,
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
and I'll probably watch a movie or read a book, won't I? On Sunday, I'll go for a hike in the nearby mountains,
which will be refreshing, won't it? I'll make sure to pack a picnic lunch, so we can enjoy a meal with a view,
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
won't we? It sounds like a perfect weekend, doesn't it?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
F. SPEAKING
Describing your plans for the upcoming weekend or a future event. Use future simple
statements in your paragraph, and then add future simple tag questions to each statement
to create a conversational tone.
his weekend, I'm planning to go hiking in the nearby mountains, aren't I? The weather forecast looks
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
perfect for it, doesn't it? After the hike, I'll treat myself to a nice dinner at that new restaurant downtown,
won't I? I've heard great things about their menu, haven't I? On Sunday, I'll catch up on some reading at
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
the park, won't I? It'll be nice to relax outdoors and enjoy the sunshine, won't it? In the evening, I'll probably
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
watch a movie at home, won't I? Maybe something light-hearted to end the weekend on a cheerful note,
won't we?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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AUTONOMOUS
GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY PRACTICE

a. Complete the following sentences using tag questions - Present Be, Present Simple.
1. We are late, aren't we ________?

doesn't she
2. Mary knows the answer, ______________ ?
3. The dogs chase cats, don't they
_____________?
aren't they
4. John and Lisa are married, _____________ ?
5. The sun rises in the east, doesn't it ___________?
6. Selena is a doctor, isn't she
____________?
don't they
7. The people live in the city, ____________ ?
8. He's not coming to the party, is he __________?
don't you
9. You like ice cream, _________________ ?
isn't it
10. It's a beautiful day, ___________________ ?
b. Complete the following sentences using tag questions - Past Simple, Past Continuous.
didn't he
1. Mark enjoyed the concert, _______________ ?
were they
2. They weren't watching TV, _______________ ?
wasn't she
3. Sarah was cooking dinner, ____________________ ?
4. The cat was sleeping, ________________
wasn't it ?
didn't he
5. He studied all night, ________________ ?
weren't they
6. They were playing soccer, _________________ ?
did she
7. She didn't like the movie, _________________ ?
weren't you
8. You were sleeping, ____________________ ?
didn't it
9. It rained yesterday, ________________ ?
were we
10. We weren't invited, _______________ ?
c. Complete the following sentences using tag questions - Present Perfect, Past Perfect.
has she
1. Susan hasn't read the book, __________________ ?
had they
2. They hadn't met before, _______________ ?
hasn't he
3. John has traveled to Japan, ________________ ?
hadn't they
4. The team had won the championship, _________________ ?
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hasn't she
5. She has finished her work, _____________ ?
hadn't they
6. They had already eaten, ______________ ?
has he
7. He hasn't been to Paris, ________________ ?
hadn't you
8. You had seen that movie before, ______________ ?
hasn't it
9. It's been a long day, _______________ ?
haven't we
10. We've visited London, _____________ ?
d. Complete the following sentences using tag questions - Future Simple.
won't she
1. Mary will pass the test, ______________ ?
will they
2. They won't miss the flight, ________________ ?
won't it
3. The event will start at 8, _______________ ?
won't you
4. You'll remember to call, _____________ ?
won't she
5. She will come to the party, ________________ ?
will they
6. They won't forget, _____________ ?
won't he
7. He will finish on time, _____________ ?
won't you
8. You'll help me, ______________ ?
won't it
9. It will rain tomorrow, ________________ ?
won't wE
10. We'll be there early, _______________ ?
119
UNIT 5
DIFFERENT CULTURES
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
❖ Use "too" to indicate an excessive amount and "enough" toindicate
sufficiency in various contexts.
❖ Identify infinitives in sentences and understand their basic structure,
which includes "to" followed by the base form of a verb (e.g., "to
run," "to eat").
❖ Recognize when to use gerunds and infinitives in different

grammatical contexts, including as subjects, objects, complements, or
after specific verbs (e.g., "I enjoy swimming" vs. "I want to swim").
120
MONEY
UNIT 5 TRANSACTIONS LESSON 5A
Too/enough
A. VOCABULARY
Vocabulary List
8 3 1
1. Money order
2. Transactions
3. Handle money
6 5 7 4. Online baking
5. Digital wallets
6. Check
7. Cash
8. Pay
8 9. Digital era
2 4
1. A piece of paper used to order a specific amount of money, typically used to send
money to someone. ________________________

Check
Transactions
2. Exchanges of money between people or businesses. __________________________
Handle cash
3. To physically deal with money, such as counting or giving change. ______________________
Online banking
4. Managing your bank account through the internet. __________________________
5. Electronic applications that store payment information for online or contactless

Digital wallets
purchases. __________________________
6. A written order to a bank to pay a specified amount of money from your account.
Check
________________________
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Cash
7. Physical currency, in the form of coins and bills. _________________________
Pay
8. To give money to someone in exchange for something. _________________________
9. The current period characterized by the widespread use of digital technology.
Digital era
_______________________
B. READING
Money transactions 1. According to the passage, what are two

main ways that modern banking has
Modern banking has revolutionized money transactions?
revolutionized the way we handle
Introduction of online banking, providing
________________________________
money. With the advent of online individuals with the convenience to access
their accounts and make transactions from
banking, individuals have ________________________________
their homes.
enough convenience to access 2. The passage mentions two methods for
their accounts and make pre-digital financial transactions. What
were they?
transactions from the comfort of their homes. Furthermore,
Using paper checks to transfer funds.
digital wallets and mobile payment apps have become ________________________________
increasingly popular, providing too much convenience for ________________________________
some, allowing them to pay for goods and services with a 3. Besides mentioning they are
cumbersome, how does the reading
simple tap or swipe. These advancements have significantly contrast physical money transactions
changed the way we conduct day-to-day financial with modern banking?
Besides mentioning they are cumbersome,
the reading contrasts physical money
transactions. ________________________________
transactions with modern banking by
highlighting the ease and convenience of
________________________________
modern banking, as opposed to the time-
consuming nature of
4. Digital wallets physical
and mobiletransactions
payment
Before the digital era, financial transactions had been
apps seem to offer a level of
primarily carried out through physical means. People had to convenience that the passage suggests
use enough paper checks to transfer funds, and money orders can be risky for some. What is the
Digital wallets
implied and mobile payment apps seem to
risk?
had been a necessary, if not cumbersome, method for making offer a level of convenience that the passage
suggests can be risky for some. The implied risk
payments. Cash was also the only option for many currency ________________________________
could be related to security concerns, such as
potential data breaches or unauthorized access to
________________________________
exchanges. These methods served their purpose well at the financial information.
5. Before online banking, how did people
time, but they seem too cumbersome and time-consuming
typically access their accounts?
compared to the ease of modern banking. Before online banking, people typically
accessed their accounts through physical
________________________________
means, such as visiting bank branches or
________________________________
ATMs to conduct transactions or obtain
account information.
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C. GRAMMAR- Too/Enough
➔ Too / Enough: "Too" and "enough" are words that are used to indicate the degree or extent of
something in relation to a specific condition or requirement.
a. Too is used to mean more than sufficient or more/less than necessary
b. Enough is used to mean sufficient
Too Enough
● Too goes before adjectives and adverbs. It ● Enough goes before nouns but after
has a negative meaning and shows that adjectives or adverbs. It has positive
something is more than enough, more than meanings and shows that there is as much
necessary or more than wanted. of something as is wanted or needed.
● too + adjective/adverb + to –infinitive. ● Adjective/adverb + enough + to –infinitive
Examples: Examples:
● Helen is too rude to become a doctor. ● The weather is warm enough to swim.
● He explains me too clearly for me to ● There isn’t enough water
understand him
1. Fill in the Blanks with "Too" or "Enough"
enough
1. There isn't ______:_________ light in my room to finish reading this book. (too/enough)
enough
2. I don't think I studied _______________ for the test tomorrow. (too/enough)
too
3. This backpack feels _______________ heavy for me to carry. (too/enough)
too
4. Do you think I put _______________ sugar in my coffee? It tastes really sweet. (too/enough)
enough
5. Sarah isn't ________________ old yet to ride the roller coaster. (too/enough)
too
6. We need _________________ volunteers to help clean up the park. (too/enough)
too
7. The movie was ________________ long, and I fell asleep halfway through. (too/enough)
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enough
8. I practiced the piano _______________ times, but I still don't feel confident. (too/enough)
enough
9. The instructions aren't ________________ clear for me to understand how to build this. (too/enough)
enough
10. Is there _________________ time left to finish this assignment before class starts? (too/enough)
2. Choose the Correct Word - "Too" or "Enough"
enough
1. The cake wasn't sweet _____________, so I added some more sugar.
a) too b) enough
2. I don't have _____________ time to finish this project today.
a) too b) enough
3. The movie was _______________ long for me to sit through the whole thing.
a) too b) enough
4. Do you think there's ___________ space for everyone to sit at the table?
a) too b) enough
5. The instructions weren't ______________ clear for me to understand how to build it.
a) too b) enough
6. It's ______________ cold outside to go swimming without a wetsuit.
a) too b) enough
7. I practiced enough, so I feel ______________ prepared for the presentation.
a) too b) enough
8. There were _______________ people at the party, so it felt crowded.
a) too b) enough
9. The shirt is _______________ big for me, so I need a smaller size.
a) too b) not enough
10. I studied ________________ for the test, and I got a good grade.
a) enough b) too
3. Rewrite the Sentences with "Too" or "Enough"
1. The movie was short; I wanted it to last longer. (Use "too")

The movie was too short; I wanted it to last longer.
____
2. The Cookie is delicious for me to eat. (Use "enough")

The cookie is delicious enough for me to eat.
___ _______
3. The book is easy for me to understand. (Use "enough")

__ The book is easy enough for me to understand. _____
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4. The motorcycle was driving fast because of the road conditions. (Use "too")
The motorcycle was driving too fast because of the road conditions.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. The bedroom is very cold. (Use "too")

The bedroom is too cold.
_____________________________________________________________________________ ___
6. The soup isn't hot for me to drink. (Use "enough")

The soup isn't hot enough for me to drink.
________
7. The tablet isn't powerful enough to run the software. (Use "too")
The tablet isn't powerful enough to run the software.
_________________________________________________________________________________
8. Jim has some free time to finish the project. (Use "enough")
Jim has enough free time to finish the project.
___
9. The T shirt isn't warm for the winter weather. (Use "too")
The T-shirt isn't warm enough for the winter weather.
______
10. Jack has sufficient skills to solve the puzzle. (Use "enough")
Jack has enough skills to solve the puzzle.
___
D. LISTENING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O85iiVbHNTs
Complete the sentence with too or enough
● He is not strong, enough _______
● He can’t get job because he isn’t experienced enough_______
enough
● He is not old _________ _____ he cannot vote
● he always flies carefully ____________
enough
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enough
● you won't pass the examination if you don't work hard ______________
● They are walking fast enough to catch that train

too
● The coffee is ______ hot
too
● The wind blows ______ hard
too
● You are driving __________fast
● The dog is running too _________fast
E. WRITING AND
SPEAKING
F. WRITING
Write a fictional story of people arguing and complaining about money transactions
system error of a bank. Use too and enough.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Title: The Bank's System Error
In the heart of a bustling city, amidst towering skyscrapers and crowded streets, there stood a bank that had
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
been a pillar of financial stability for decades. However, on one fateful day, the tranquility of its operations was
shattered by a sudden and unexpected system error.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
It began with a simple transaction—a customer attempting to transfer funds to a friend. But as the
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
confirmation button was pressed, an ominous error message flashed across the screen: "Transaction Failed:
System Error."
G.SPEAKING
Tall about the money transactions you make at a bank. Use too and enough.
Every month, I make several money transactions at my bank, ensuring my financial responsibilities are met
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
and my savings are managed effectively. From paying bills to transferring funds between accounts, each
transaction plays a crucial role in maintaining my financial stability.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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BASIC CONSUMER
UNIT 5 PRODUCTS LESSON 5B
Infinitives
A. VOCABULARY. Basic consumer products

Vocabulary List
9 7 3
1. Food
2. Hygiene
3. Clothes
4. Footwear
8 2
6 5. Furniture
6. Home appliances
7. Energy
8. Supermarket
9. Formal suit
5 1
4
2. Complete the sentences with the words from activity
hygiene
1. The ______________________ section in the supermarket offers a range of personal care products.
energy
2. We need more ____________________________ to finish this race.
home appliances
3. Our kitchen is well-equipped with modern __________________ _ like a microwave and a blender.
footwear
4. The sports store had a great collection of _____________________ for various activities.
supermarket
5. I went to the ________________________ to buy some groceries.
6. She bought new furniture______________ for her children's bedroom.
food
7. The party had a variety of______________________________ to cater to different tastes.
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clothes
8. The store is having a sale on ___________________________ and accessories.
formal suit
9. He wore a ____________________________ to his job interview.
B. READING
Consumer Products and Everyday Living 1. The passage mentions that we

obtain food items in order to:
One of the most
fundamental consumer products is a) Freshen up our appearance
b) Nourish and energize our bodies
food, which provides us with
c) Follow a specific routine
nourishment and energize. We rely d) Express ourselves creatively
on supermarkets and grocery stores
2. According to the passage,
to supply us with a variety of food items, from fresh produce to consumer products like toothpaste
and soap help us to:
packaged goods, allowing us to maintain a balanced diet and to
fuel our bodies for an active lifestyle. a) Simplify household tasks
b) Maintain hygiene and well-being
Another critical aspect of daily life is hygiene, which
c) Protect ourselves from the elements
involves products like toothpaste, soap, and shampoo. These d) Enhance the comfort of our homes
items are designed to keep us clean and healthy. Taking care of
3. The passage states that clothes
personal hygiene is a routine that we must follow to promote and shoes serve multiple
purposes, including:
good health and to project a positive image.
Clothes and footwear are essential consumer products a) Following a specific routine
b) Providing comfort for our feet
that serve both functional and aesthetic purposes We wear
c) Simplifying household tasks
clothes to protect ourselves from the elements and express our d) Maintaining hygiene and well-being
personal style like formal suit. Whether it's a formal suit or a
4. Consumer products, like
casual T-shirt, our clothing choices reflect who we are. refrigerators and washing
machines, are helpful because
Footwear, such as shoes and sandals, provide comfort and
they allow us to:
protection for our feet as we go about our daily activities. Proper
a) Relax comfortably
clothing and footwear not only keep us comfortable but also
b) Express our personal style
contribute to our confidence and self-expression, allowing us to c) Refrigerate food, wash clothes, and
heat meals quickly
make a strong first impression and to feel confident in any
d) Make our homes more functional
situation.
5. The passage concludes that using
Consumer products also extend to our living spaces.
consumer products in our homes
Home appliances, such as refrigerators, washing machines, and can ultimately lead to:
microwaves, simplify our household tasks and save us time.
a) Completing tasks more efficiently
They help us maintain a comfortable and efficient living b) Enhancing the quality of our daily
lives
environment.
c) Protecting ourselves from the
elements
d) Following a specific hygiene routine
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Additionally, furniture like sofas, tables, and chairs
make our homes functional and comfortable,
providing us with places to relax, eat, and work. The
use of these consumer products enhances the quality
of our daily lives by adding convenience and
aesthetics to our homes, ultimately allowing us to
create a space that reflects our personality and to
enjoy a sense of comfort and well-being.
C. GRAMMAR-Infinitives
➔ Infinitives: Infinitives are a special form of verbs that can be used as a noun, adjective, or
adverb. They are usually made by adding the word to before the base verb, and they can be
useful when discussing actions without actually doing the action, such as “I want to go home,”
a. To discuss an action in general instead of a specific instance of the action being done.
For example, take a look at these two sentences:
● I need to win.
● Today, we win.
The first sentence uses the infinitive form of the verb win as a noun; the main verb of the
sentence is actually “need.” The second sentence uses the standard form of win as an
actionable verb. In the first sentence with the infinitive, the action of “winning” is not
actually done; the sentence simply discusses the idea of winning. The second sentence,
however, describes the action of winning.
Infinitives
Structure:
● An infinitive is a verb retaining its basic or root form while being used as an adjective,
● The complete verb structure, in that case, would be … main verb + to + base verb ...
● The most popular among those verbs would be the verbs listed below :
agree demand hurry prepare
aim fail manage refuse
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ask hesitate offer want
decline hope plan wish
Examples:
● I decided not to go to London.
● He asked me not to be late.
● I'd like you not to sing so loudly.
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct infinitive form
to go
1. I woke up early ________________ (go) for a run.
playing
2. My brother enjoys ____________________ (play) video games with his friends.
to practice
3. We need ___________________ (practice) our presentation before the class.
to concentrate.
4. Please be quiet! I'm trying ___________________ (concentrate).
to lock
5. Don't forget __________________ (lock) the door before you leave.
to borrow
6. She came to the library ___________________ (borrow) some books.
to speak
7. We learned ___________________ (speak) French in high school.
to travel
8. My dream is ____________________ (travel) around the world.
to help
9. He offered ______________________ (help) me with my homework.
to go
10. They decided ______________________ (go) to the movies after dinner.
2. Choose the correct infinitive
1. I woke up early (to study / studying) for my upcoming exam.

2. My friends suggested (go / going) to the beach this afternoon.
3. We need (buy / buying) some groceries before dinner.
4. He offered (help / helping) me with my homework.
5. (Learn / Learning) a new language can open up many opportunities.
6. She dreams of (travel / traveling) the world someday.
7. Don't forget (bring / bringing) your swimsuit to the pool party!
8. I practiced (play / playing) the piano for hours before the recital.
9. It's important (eat / eating) healthy foods to stay energized.
10. They decided (postpone / postponing) their trip due to the bad weather.
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3. Multiple Choice Infinitive Quiz
1. I wouldn't mind __________________ (help / helping) you with your homework.

a) help
b) helping
2. We decided ___________________ (go / going) to the beach for the weekend.

a) go
b) going
3. The baby loves ________________ (play / playing) with his stuffed animals.
a) play
b) playing
4. It's important ___________________ (eat / eating) healthy foods to stay strong.

a) eat
b) eating
5. He needs _____________________ (practice / practicing) his guitar more often.

a) practice
b) practicing
6. She dreams of ______________________ (travel / traveling) the world someday.

a) travel
b) traveling
7. We can't wait ____________________ (see / seeing) you again soon!

a) see
b) seeing
8. It started ____________________ (rain / raining) just as we were leaving the house.

a) rain
b) raining
9. I'm learning ___________________ (speak / speaking) French fluently.

a) speak
b) speaking
10. They offered ____________________ (pay / paying) for our dinner.

a) pay
b) paying
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D. LISTENING
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zfa7PQJC3a0oCOYHhtbJ1qaL9OPGg-cM/view?usp=sharing
Listen to the recording then complete the sentences below.
1. They decided to watch ___________a movie.
2. I need to eat _________something to eat.
3. Do you want to take ____________a break?

to save
4. It’s necessary __________as much as possible.
5. Their house is not easy to find/navigate.

____________.
to be
6. There seems ___________a problem with my phone.
to happen.
7. Nobody wanted that ___________
To get
8. ___________________ to the highway, take this exit.
to fail
9. She hopes not _______________
to go
10. She doesn’t want _____________
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1. WRITING
Write a 120-word essay on the basic consumer products you use every day. You must use
the grammar and vocabulary used

Every day, we rely on an array of basic consumer products to navigate our lives. From the moment we wake
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
up until we retire to bed, these items are essential. In the morning, we reach for toothpaste and a toothbrush
for oral hygiene. Breakfast often involves cereal, milk, and perhaps a cup of coffee brewed with a coffee
maker. Throughout the day, we interact with electronic devices such as smartphones and laptops, which
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
keep us connected and productive. Basic personal care products like soap, shampoo, and deodorant
maintain our cleanliness and freshness. At home, we utilize appliances like refrigerators and microwaves for
food storage and preparation. Clothing and footwear are fundamental for protection and comfort as we move
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
through our daily activities. These products, though seemingly mundane, form the backbone of our modern
lifestyles, enabling us to function efficiently and comfortably in our daily routines.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. SPEAKING
Tall about the basic consumer products you use every day. You must use the grammar and
vocabulary of this unit.
Every morning, I start my day by using my electric toothbrush. It ensures that my teeth are thoroughly
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
cleaned, and I like how efficient it is compared to a regular toothbrush. Next, I use a face wash that is gentle
on my skin, leaving it feeling fresh and rejuvenated. After that, I apply a moisturizer to keep my skin hydrated
throughout the day.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
133
SPARE TIME
UNIT 5 ACTIVITIES LESSON 5C
Gerunds
A. VOCABULARY
6 8
1
Vocabulary List
1. Reading
2. Painting
3. Crafts
4. Jogging
3 5. Swimming
8 7
6. Clear your mind
7. Attending
workshops
8. Online courses
9. Spare time
2 5 4
2. Complete the sentences with the most appropriate vocabulary from activity 1.
spare time
1. I enjoy spending my _______________________ curled up with a good book.
clear your mind.
2. Taking a dip in the pool on a hot day is a great way to cool off and _________________________
crafts
3. I like to use my _______________________ to create unique greeting cards.
Jogging
4. _________________________ is a fun way to get exercise and enjoy the outdoors.
online courses
5. There are many interesting ______________________ available online to learn new skills.
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6. Yoga helps me ______________________
clear my mind after a long day.
attending workshops to improve my pottery skills.

7. I'm thinking about _________________________
spare time
8. Do you have any hobbies you enjoy doing in your ______________________?
Painting
9. ____________________________ is a great way to relax and express your creativity.
reading
10. I find that __________________________ helps me focus and improves my concentration.
B. READING
Highlighting Creativity 1. The passage mainly discusses the

benefits of:
Engaging in
A) Exercise
creative activities such as B) Creativity
painting, drawing, and C) Relaxation
D) Learning new things
crafting allows you to
express yourself and tap 2. What does engage in creative activities
like painting allow you to do,
into your artistic side. Expressing yourself through according to the reading?
painting landscapes, sketching portraits, and making
A) Improve your health
handmade crafts can provide a sense of B) Express yourself artistically
accomplishment and offer an outlet for self- C) Join a sports team
D) Learn a new language
expression. These activities can be done individually
or in groups, fostering a sense of community and 3. Besides individual enjoyment,
creative activities can also help with:
shared interests.
A) Finding a job
Similar to engaging in creative activities, B) Boosting energy levels
activities like jogging, swimming, and playing sports C) Building a community
D) Attending workshops
are not only great for your health but also offer a way
to clear your mind and relieve stress. Regularly 3. The passage suggests that reading books
and taking online courses are ways to
exercising helps boost your energy levels and
enhances your overall well-being. Whether you prefer A) Reduce stress
B) Improve your painting skills
solo activities or team sports, staying active during C) Become a better athlete
your spare time contributes to a healthier lifestyle. D) Expand your knowledge
Learning is also valuable ways to spend your 6. Which of the following activities is NOT
free moments. Reading books, attending workshops, mentioned in the passage as a way to spend
your free time creatively?
or even taking online courses can help you expand
your knowledge and skills. Learning a new language, A) Playing sports
B) Making crafts
for instance, broadens your cultural understanding and C) Learning a language
opens doors to new experiences. D) Reading a book
135
C. GRAMMAR- Gerunds
➔ Gerunds: A gerund is a verb that’s acting as a noun. By that, we mean that the verb—the word
that describes the action that’s happening, like “biking,” “thinking,” “running,” or “speaking”—
becomes a thing, a concept that can now be the sentence’s subject, direct object, indirect object,
or the object of a preposition.
a. Gerunds can be used after certain verbs including enjoy, fancy, discuss, dislike, finish,
mind, suggest, recommend, keep, and avoid.
b. After prepositions of place and time.
● I made dinner before getting home.
● He looked unhappy after seeing his work schedule.
c. To replace the subject or object of a sentence
● Lachlan likes eating coconut oil.
● Jumping off a cliff is dangerous, but a real thrill.
Gerunds
Structure:
● A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a
gerund, like the other two kinds of verbal, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action ora
state of being
● Gerund as subject:
○ Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (Traveling is the gerund.)
○ The study abroad program might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (The gerund
has been removed.)
● Gerund as direct object:
○ They do not appreciate my singing. (The gerund is singing.)
○ They do not appreciate my assistance. (The gerund has been removed)
● Gerund as subject complement:
○ My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (The gerund is sleeping.)
○ My cat's favorite food is salmon. (The gerund has been removed.)
136
● Gerund as object of preposition:
○ The police arrested him for speeding. (The gerund is speeding.)
○ The police arrested him for criminal activity. (The gerund has been removed.)
Examples:
● I don’t like doing anything.
● Running is fun.
● Making friends is important for children.
● Your sister admitted breaking the glasses.
1. Complete the sentences with gerunds.

eating
a. They avoid _________________ (eat) junk food for better health.
relaxing
b. Swimming is ___________________ (relax) for him after a long day.
you helping
c. We appreciate ___________________ (help) us with the project.
breaking
d. Sarah admitted ___________________ (break) the vase accidentally.
visiting
e. He suggested ___________________ (visit) the museum this weekend.
reading
f. Peter enjoys _________________ (read) novels in her free time.
seeing
g. I look forward to ___________________ (see) you at the party.
waiting
h. They don't mind ___________________ (wait) for the bus in the rain.
finishing
i. Maria insists on ___________________ (finish) her homework before going out.
exercising
j. The doctor recommends ___________________ (exercise) regularly for a healthy heart..
2. Identify the Gerunds by circling them.
a. Sarah enjoys swimming at the beach during the summer.
b. Mark's favorite activity is playing basketball with his friends.
c. Cooking can be a therapeutic activity after a stressful day.
d. They spent the afternoon hiking in the mountains.
e. Emily's passion is dancing; she practices every day.
f. Running is good exercise for maintaining cardiovascular health.
g. Jenny's hobby is painting landscapes in her free time.
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h. We are considering traveling to Europe next year.
i. Sarah regrets missing the opportunity to attend the concert last night.
j. Reading is a wonderful way to escape into different worlds.
3. Rewrite the following sentences by changing the underlined verbs into gerunds:
Martha enjoys playing the piano in her free time.
a. Martha plays the piano in her free time.______________________________________________________
Jean enjoys watching television every evening.
b. Jean watches television every evening. ______________________________________________________
They enjoy listening to music while studying.
c. They listen to music while studying. ________________________________________________________
Sarah enjoys reading books before going to bed.
d. Sarah reads books before going to bed. ______________________________________________________
Mark enjoys playing soccer with his friends on weekends.

e. Mark plays soccer with his friends on weekends. ______________________________________________
Anna enjoys writing poems in her journal.
f. Anna writes poems in her journal. __________________________________________________________
g. Your parents enjoy swimming at the beach during the summer.

Your parents enjoy swimming at the beach during the summer.
______________________________________________________
Mark and Steve practice speaking English every day.
h. Mark and Steve practice speaking English every day. __________________________________________
Tom enjoys playing video games in his spare time.
i. Tom enjoys playing video games in his spare time. ____________________________________________
Mary enjoys studying French after school.
j. Mary studies French after school. __________________________________________________________
D. LISTENING
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Frf1x45ayTVg6sPFu18QPF1DwlwsAX24/view?usp=sharing
1. Listen to the recording and complete the sentences.
● Thank-you for helping

____________me.
● We look forward to______________

meeting you tomorrow.
● living
____________ in the United States can be stressful.
● Sarah has to go shopping

_____________today.
● He’s not used to ___________

staying up so late.
138
● I appreciate you______________
taking the time to talk to me.
● _________________
Gene is is believing.
● The kids enjoyed________________

talking to the athletes after the game was over.
● Do you mind__________________
waiting for a few minutes?
discussing
● He avoided___________________ the matter.
F. WRITING
Write a essay with 120 words about your favorite spare time on weekend activities. you must
use the grammar and vocabulary used
On weekends, I enjoy a variety of activities that help me relax and have fun. My favorite spare time
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
activity is reading. Curling up with a good book allows me to escape into different worlds and forget
about daily stresses. Besides reading, I love jogging in the park. It's a great way to get exercise and
enjoy the outdoors. I also indulge in painting, which lets me express my creativity. Additionally, I often
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
spend time watching movies with friends, which is a perfect way to unwind and enjoy their company.
Lastly, I like attending workshops and online courses to learn new skills and hobbies. These activities
make my weekends fulfilling and enjoyable.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
G. SPEAKING
Tall about your favorite spare time on weekend activities. You must use the grammar and
vocabulary used
On weekends, I engage in several activities that make my spare time enjoyable and fulfilling. My
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
favorite activity is reading. Curling up with a good book allows me to dive into different worlds and
escape from everyday stress. Besides reading, I love jogging in the park. It's an excellent way to get
some exercise while enjoying nature. I also spend time painting, which lets me express my creativity
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
and relax. Another activity I enjoy is watching movies with friends; it's a great way to unwind and share
good times with them. Additionally, I often explore online courses to learn new skills and enhance my
knowledge. These activities make my weekends both fun and productive.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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TIPS FOR
UNIT 5 REMEMBERING LESSON 5D
Infinitives vs gerunds
A. VOCABULARY.
8
Vocabulary List
2 5
1. Cooking
2. Gardering
3. Good health
4. Physical activities
1
6
9 5. Cardiovascular health
6. Sugary
7. Stress
8. Meditation
9. Breathing,
3 4 7

cardiovascular health is important for a strong heart and circulatory system.
1. Taking care of your ________________________
sugary
2. Consuming too many _________________________ foods can lead to weight gain and other health issues.
3. Chronic ________________________________
stress can have negative effects on both mental and physical health.
4. _______________________________
Cooking can be a relaxing and creative way to prepare nutritious meals at home.
5. ______________________________
Gardening is a rewarding hobby that allows you to connect with nature and nurture
plant life.
6. Maintaining _________________________________
good health i is essential for overall well-being and longevity.
140
physical activities
7. Engaging in regular __________________________________ can improve both physical and mental health.
8. Practicing ________________________________
meditation can help reduce anxiety and promote a sense of calmness.
breathing
9. Focusing on deep, mindful __________________________ can help reduce stress and promote relaxation.
B. READING
Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle
Regular exercise is essential to maintaining good health. Many peopleaim

to incorporate physical activities into their daily routines. Whether it's jogging,
swimming, or practicing yoga, staying active helps to improve cardiovascular
health and increase flexibility. It's important to set achievable fitness goals and
work towards reaching them.
Choosing nutritious foods is a key component of a healthy lifestyle.
Many individuals strive to follow balanced diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. It's recommended
to avoid consuming excessive amounts of sugary and processed foods. Cooking at homeallows individuals to
control ingredients and portions, contributing to better dietary choices.
Managing stress effectively is crucial for overall well-being. Engaging in relaxation techniques, such
as meditation and deep breathing, helps to alleviate stress and promote mental clarity. It's important to find
activities that bring joy and tranquility, such as reading, gardening, or spending time with loved ones.
b. Response true or false
True False
1. Regular exercise is not recommended for maintaining good health.
2. It is best to set unrealistic fitness goals.
3. A healthy diet should include plenty of processed foods.
4. True or False: Cooking at home can help you make healthier choices
about what you eat.
5. Spending time with loved ones is a good way to manage stress.
141
C. GRAMMAR-Infinitives vs gerunds
➔ Infinitive vs Gerunds: Gerunds and infinitives are sometimes referred to as verb complements.
They may function as subjects or objects in a sentence.
➔ Gerunds:
Form: Gerunds are formed by adding "-ing" to the base form of a verb. For example:
walking, reading, and swimming.
➔ Infinitives:
Form: Infinitives are the base form of a verb, often preceded by the word "to." For
example: to walk, to read, to swim.
a. Whether you use a gerund or an infinitive depends on the main verb in the sentence.
I expect to have the results of the operation soon. (Infinitive)
I anticipate having the research completed eventually. (Gerund)
b. Gerund
Usage:
● As a subject: Gerunds can function as the subject of a sentence. Example:
Swimming is good exercise.
● After prepositions: Gerunds are often used after prepositions. Example: He's
interested in painting.
● As an object: Gerunds can serve as the object of a sentence. Example: She enjoys
singing.
● After certain verbs: Some verbs are followed by gerunds. Example: He likes
playing basketball.
c. Infinitives
Usage:
● As a subject: Infinitives can function as the subject of a sentence. Example: To
travel is my dream.
● After certain verbs: Infinitives are used after certain verbs like want, plan,
decide, and hope. Example: She wants to learn.
● After adjectives: Infinitives can follow adjectives to express purpose or intention.
142
Example: It's important to study.
● After certain nouns: Some nouns are followed by infinitives. Example: He has
the ability to solve complex problems.
Infinitives Gerunds
Structure: Gerunds
● An infinitive is a verb retaining its basic or Structure:
root form while being used as an adjective, ● A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and
● The complete verb structure, in that case, functions as a noun. The term verbal
would be … main verb + to + base verb ... indicates that a gerund, like the other two
● The most popular among those verbs kinds of verbal, is based on a verb and
would be the verbs listed below : therefore expresses action or a state of
agree demand hurry prepare being
aim fail manage refuse ● Gerund as subject:
ask hesitate offer want ○ Traveling might satisfy your desire
decline hope plan wish for new experiences. (Traveling is
the gerund.)
Examples: ○ The study abroad program might
● I decided not to go to London. satisfy your desire for new
● He asked me not to be late. experiences. (The gerund has been
● I'd like you not to sing so loudly. removed.)
● Gerund as direct object:
○ They do not appreciate my singing.
(The gerund is singing.)
○ They do not appreciate my
assistance. (The gerund has been
removed)
● Gerund as subject complement:
○ My cat's favorite activity is
sleeping. (The gerund is sleeping.)
○ My cat's favorite food is salmon.
(The gerund has been removed.)
● Gerund as object of preposition:
143
○ The police arrested him for
speeding. (The gerund is speeding.)
○ The police arrested him for
criminal activity. (The gerund has
been removed.)
Examples:
● I don’t like doing anything.
● Running is fun.
● Making friends is important for children.
● Your sister admitted breaking the glasses.
PRACTICE
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form (Infinitive or Gerund)
travel
1. My cousins decided ____________________ (travel) to Europe next summer.
reading
2. Elma enjoys _______________________ (read) books in her spare time.
to visit
3. George and Pete plan _____________________ (visit) the museum tomorrow.
going
4. Johnny suggested _____________________ (go) to the cinema tonight.
to eat
5. It's important _____________________ (eat) a balanced diet.
to help
6. Elizabeth offered ____________________ (help) with the project.
talking
7. Mark and John stopped ___________________ (talk) when the teacher entered the room.
to see
8. I hope ____________________ (see) you at the party on Saturday.
playing
9. Jimmy enjoys _____________________ (play) soccer with his friends.
to study
10. My brother and I need ____________________ (study) for the exam tomorrow.
2. Choose the Correct Form (Infinitive or Gerund)
1. She prefers (to watch / watching) movies at home rather than going to the cinema.
2. Mark suggested (to go / going) for a walk in the park this evening.
3. It's important (to drink / drinking) plenty of water throughout the day to stay hydrated.
4. They enjoy (to play / playing) board games with their family on Friday nights.
5. Sarah promised (to finish / finishing) her homework before going out with friends.
144
6. He decided (to take / taking) up a new hobby to relieve stress.
7. We discussed (to go / going) on a trip during the summer vacation.
8. Mary apologized for (to arrive / arriving) late to the meeting.
9. I recommend (to read / reading) this book; it's very informative.
10. They avoid (to eat / eating) spicy food because it upsets their stomachs.
3. Rewrite the Sentences with the Correct Form (Infinitive or Gerund)
1. She enjoys (read) mystery novels in her free time. She enjoys
She enjoys reading mystery novels in her free time. She enjoys to read mystery novels in her free time.
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. They plan (go) to the beach this weekend. They plan

They plan to go to the beach this weekend. They plan going to the beach this weekend.
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. He likes (play) basketball with his friends after school. He likes

He likes playing basketball with his friends after school. He likes to play basketball with his friends after school.
________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Sarah needs (study) for her exams tomorrow. Sarah needs
Sarah needs to study for her exams tomorrow. Sarah needs studying for her exams tomorrow.
________________________________________________________________________________________
5. We love (watch) movies on Friday nights. We love
We love watching movies on Friday nights. We love to watch movies on Friday nights.
________________________________________________________________________________________
6. She prefers (cook) dinner at home rather than eating out. She prefers
She prefers cooking dinner at home rather than eating out. She prefers to cook dinner at home rather than eating
________________________________________________________________________________________
out.
7. They enjoy (travel) to new places and experiencing different cultures. They enjoy
They enjoy traveling to new places and experiencing different cultures. They enjoy to travel to new places and
________________________________________________________________________________________
experiencing different cultures.
8. He suggested (visit) the art gallery downtown this afternoon. He suggested
He suggested visiting the art gallery downtown this afternoon. He suggested to visit the art gallery downtown this
________________________________________________________________________________________
afternoon.
9. I don't mind (wait) for the bus; I have a book to read. I don't mind
I don't mind waiting for the bus; I have a book to read. I don't mind to wait for the bus; I have a book to read.
________________________________________________________________________________________
10. We discussed (go) hiking in the mountains next weekend. We discussed

We discussed going hiking in the mountains next weekend. We discussed to go
________________________________________________________________________________________
hiking in the mountains next weekend.
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D. LISTENING
1. Listen to the recording then answer the questions below.

Audio link: https://www.esl-lab.com/easy/camping-gear/
a. What are they planning on doing in the d.According to the weather report, when is it
morning? going to start raining?
▪ Hiking ▪ In the morning
▪ Mountain biking ▪ At night
▪ Fishing ▪ In the afternoon
b. What did Paul forget to bring? d.Sarah left the playing cards _____ the picnic
table.
▪ Umbrellas
▪ Rain coat ▪ Under
▪ Rain boots ▪ Next to
▪ On
c. What do they finally decide to do?
▪ Sleep at the campground
▪ Stay at a hotel
▪ Return home
WRITING AND SPEAKING
E. WRITING
Write a 120-word composition about the hobbies you are interested in. Use the grammar and
vocabulary studied.
One of my favorite hobbies is reading. I enjoy immersing myself in different worlds through books, especially
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
mystery novels and science fiction. Reading not only entertains me but also broadens my knowledge and
enhances my imagination. Another hobby I am passionate about is cooking. I find joy in experimenting with
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
new recipes and flavors, creating delicious meals for myself and others. Cooking allows me to express my
creativity in the kitchen while also promoting healthier eating habits. Additionally, I appreciate spending time
outdoors gardening. Tending to plants and seeing them grow brings me a sense of peace and fulfillment.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Gardening also teaches me patience and responsibility as I nurture and care for my garden. Overall, these
hobbies enrich my life and provide me with both relaxation and excitement.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
F. SPEAKING
Tall about the hobbies you are interested in. Use the grammar and vocabulary studied.
I have several hobbies that I'm passionate about. One of them is reading. I enjoy diving into different genres
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
like mystery, science fiction, and fantasy. Reading not only entertains me but also expands my vocabulary
and improves my comprehension skills. Another hobby I love is cooking. I find joy in experimenting with
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
various ingredients and recipes, especially when it comes to baking desserts. Cooking allows me to be
creative in the kitchen while also providing me with delicious meals to enjoy. Additionally, I'm interested in
gardening. Spending time outdoors, tending to plants, and watching them grow brings me a sense of
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
tranquility and satisfaction. Gardening also teaches me patience and responsibility as I care for my plants.
Overall, these hobbies bring balance to my life and allow me to explore my interests in different ways.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
146
AUTONOMOUS
GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY PRACTICE

a. Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct option: "too" or "enough".
too
1. Charles is__________________ tired to go to the party.
2. Mary has ______________money to buy a new phone.
too
3. The music is_________________ ____loud to concentrate.
too
4. The coffee is________________ _____hot to drink right now.
enough
5. Marie didn't have______________ _____time to finish her assignment.
too
6. The movie was______________ ____boring for me to watch till the end.
enough
7. Carlos and I didn't have________ ____________ingredients to make the recipe.
8. The water is too_________________cold to swim in.
enough
9. Do you have ________________chairs for everyone?
too
10. The cake is ___________________delicious not to have another slice.
b. Complete the following sentences with the correct infinitive form of the given verb.
1. Gaby agreed to help

_______________with the charity event.
2. Paul offered to_________________us

drive to the airport.
to win
3. Yanina and Mayra hope ______________________the competition.
4. Silvia promised to ___________________dinner
cook tonight.
5. Byron wants ______________________how to play the guitar.

to learn
6. I decided to take_______________a vacation next month.
7. My Parents plan to visit

__________________their grandparents this weekend.
to exercise
8. It's important ____________regularly for good health.
9. It's time to clean

_______________the garage.
to study
10. Sophie needs __________________for her exams.
147
c. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the given verb in gerund from the box.
reading arriving going listening eating
cheating singing your help seeing learning
reading
1. Jack enjoys_________________ novels in her free time.
eating
2. Anna avoids_____________________ too much junk food.
learning
3. The students are interested in _____________________a new language.
4. People practiced singing
____________for the upcoming talent show.
5. Paul apologized for arriving
_____________late to the meeting.
6. I can't stand listening
___________to that annoying noise.
7. My partners and I appreciate your help
_________________with the event preparations.
8. I look forward to seeing
__________you at the party.
9. Miguel admitted cheating
______________on the test.
10. David suggested going___________to the beach this weekend.
d. Choose the correct answer
1. Mark apologized for___________ late to the party.

a. to arrive
b. arriving
2. Salma loves __________in her free time.
a. to dance
b. dancing
3. David and you are excited about ______________to Europe next summer.
a. to travel
b. traveling
4. I enjoy ______________movies on Friday nights.
a. to watch
b. watching
5. Karly and I decided _________________the museum this weekend.
a. to visit
b. visiting
148
6. Mariah suggested _________to the new Italian restaurant for dinner.
a. to go
b. going
7. Anthony enjoys _______________basketball with his friends on weekends.
a. to play
b. playing
8. Four students started _____________________French last year.
a. to learn
b. learning
9. I can't imagine ________________in a big city.
a. to live
b. living
10. Marcos and you need _____________________some groceries for the week.
a. to buy
b. buying
149
REFERENCIAS
https://whatsup.es/blog/lista-de-vocabulario-en-ingles-sobre-tecnologia-e-informatica
https://www.teachstarter.com/us/teaching-resource/weather-word-wall-vocabulary-us/
https://www.mansioningles.com/fichasingles/ficha235-vocabulario-oficina-empresa-ingles.htm
https://www.elllo.org/class/A2/A2-05-Going-To.html
https://www.soundgrammar.com/learn/L3-CEFR-A2/L3-05-GoingTo-Spain.htm
https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=17590
https://www.elllo.org/class/A2/A2-14-Present-Continuous-Future.html
https://elllo.org/english/grammar/L4-09-Zero-Conditionals.htm
https://www.elllo.org/class/A2/A2-12-May-Might.html
https://www.soundgrammar.com/learn/L4-CEFR-B1/L4-10-First-Conditional.htm
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/conditionals
https://youtu.be/2Gr6fGFqubo
https://soundcloud.com/teacherpaul/listening-lab-exercise-49-present-continuous-tense-passive-voice
https://www.elllo.org/class/C1/C1-08-Passive-Present-Perfect.html
Future Passive Voice Listening worksheet | Live Worksheets
https://slideplayer.com/slide/9296412/
https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Listening_Lab/Listening_Lab_Exercise_37_past_continuous_tense.
html
https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Listening_Lab/Listening_Lab_Exercise_37_past_continuous_tense.
html
https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Listening_Lab/Listening_Lab_Exercise_4_past_tense_be.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O85iiVbHNTs
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https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Listening_Lab/Listening_Lab_Exercise_19_infinitives.html
https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Listening_Lab/Listening_Lab_Exercise_19_infinitives.html
https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Listening_Lab/Listening_Lab_Exercise_18_gerunds.html
https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Listening_Lab/Listening_Lab_Exercise_18_gerunds.html
https://study.com/academy/lesson/infinitive-verb-form-definition-examples-quiz.html#
https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/infinitive/
https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/verbs/gerunds-and-infinitives/
https://www.grammarbank.com/too-or-enough.html
https://global-exam.com/blog/en/english-grammar-understanding-gerund-in-english-structure-and-examples/
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1

ABRIL – AGOSTO 2024

5 1A Technology Be going to –affirmative Be going Technology

32 2A World facts Zero conditional Zero conditional World facts

36 2B Possibilities May-might-could Possibilities and

56 2E. Autonomous work Autonomous work

68 3B News Passive voice-present Passive voice-present

82 3D Future Passive voice future Passive voice future

140 5D Tips for Infinitives VS. Gerund Infinitives Tips for

➢ To arrange a family reunion.

2. Complete the sentences with the most appropriate vocabulary.

e) The impact of using _______________________

At home, in the office area!

1. What| is Tom planning to do at

2. What tasks will the AI assistants

▪ Sheila is going to be a ballerina; she is studying at the Royal

→ Making predictions: when there is evidence about what is going to happen

SUBJECT TO BE FUTURE MAIN COMPLEMENT

HE/SHE/IT Is going to work outside

a. Write the correct form of “be going to" in affirmative form.

1. Match the pictures with the words on your right.

Snowy: It’s so cold! Tomorrow it’s going to be a snowy day.

B. READING – DATES AND WEATHER!

1. What is Sarah going to do tonight?

4. Why is the person in Scenario 2 happy that school is open tomorrow?

C. GRAMMAR – Be going to-negative

➢ To talk about future plans.

● We are not going to do an exam in two days.

SUBJECT TO BE MAIN COMPLEMENT

● I am not going to travel. ● today

● You are not going to travel. ● tonight

● He is not going to travel. ● tomorrow

● She is not going to travel. ● this morning

● It is not going to travel. ● this week

• You are not going to use your cell phone

a. Write the correct form of “Be going to" in negative.

3) The team is _________________________

7) We are not going to visit __________the museum. (visit)

6) The team is____________________train

a. Answer the following questions about the interview.

E. WRITING AND SPEAKING

1. Read the text carefully. Then, choose the correct option.

Some people believe that in 10

1. What will there be a lot of in the cities in the

A. There will be more jobs

4. What does the passage say the writer's family will

C. GRAMMAR – Future in use

8) Its late! What will she do ?

b. Write the correct form "will" and "be going to":

9) We are going to visiting the museum this Saturday. ……………………………….

E. WRITING AND SPEAKING

A Christmas reunion with friends!

Kisses and hugs,

C. GRAMMAR – Future tenses

SUBJECT BE V(ING) COMPLEMENT

Rebecca is visiting her parents tomorrow

Rebecca isn’t visiting her parents tomorrow

BE SUBJECT V(ING) COMPLEMENT

Is Rebecca visiting her parents tomorrow?

a. Answer these questions about the interview.