3.6.

1 b) Pollination & Fertilisation EQ&A

1. From what part of the embryo plant within the seed does the Pollination v fertilisation: transfer (of pollen) versus fusion
root develop? 14. Give one location in a seed in which food is stored.
Radicle Endosperm or cotyledon or (seed) leaf or nucellus or around
2. In which part of a flower does a seed form? the embryo
Ovule 15. Name a carbohydrate that you would expect to be present in
3. Some flowers have nectaries. How are these flowers the food store of a seed.
pollinated? Explain your answer. Starch
Insects – attracted to nectar 16. Give two ways in which pollen may be transported to another
4. What happens to the two polar nuclei? flower.
Fuse / form diploid (or primary endosperm) / (then fusion) Wind / insect or animal / artificial
to triploid or fertilisation / endosperm nucleus 17. What forms in the ovary of a flower after pollination and
5. In the case of the ovary and ovule state what may happen to fertilization?
each of them after fertilisation. Seed or zygote or embryo or food reserve
Ovary: becomes the fruit; Ovule: becomes the seed 18. Distinguish clearly between pollination and fertilisation.
6. Explain what is meant by pollination. What is the difference Pollination – transfer of pollen; Fertilisation – fusion of
between self-pollination and cross-pollination? gametes or of sex cells or fusion of “pollen” and egg cell
Transfer of pollen / to carpel (stigma) or to female; Self 19. State a location in the seed where food is stored.
pollination – occurs on same plant (or flower); Cross Endosperm or cotyledon or seed leaf
pollination – occurs between plants (of same species) 20. What is meant by pollination?
7. Name two ways in which cross-pollination happens. Transfer/ of pollen
Wind / animal 21. From the list below, choose three characteristics in each case
8. Suggest why cross-pollination is preferable to self-pollination. of; 1. an insect-pollinated flower, 2. a wind-pollinated flower.
Cross pollination increases variation or reduces chance of Brightly coloured petals, Feathery stigmas, Anthers within
genetic problems petals, Anthers outside petals, Nectaries, Petals reduced or
9. True or False. Endosperm is a food reserve in some seeds. absent.
TRUE 1. Brightly coloured petals / Anthers within petals, nectaries;
10. To which part of a flower is pollen carried? 2. Feathery stigmas, Anthers outside petals, Petals absent or
Stigma of the carpel reduced.
11. What is meant by cross-pollination? 22. What process follows pollination in the life cycle of a
Transfer of pollen from one flower / plant to another flowering plant?
12. Name two methods of cross-pollination. Fertilisation
Wind / animal / named animal 23. From which structure in the seed did the root develop?
13. Distinguish between pollination and fertilization. Radicle
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 3.6.1 b) Pollination & Fertilisation EQ&A
24. Write notes on the following topic: Adaptations of wind- Fertilisation
pollinated flowers. 35. Suggest a substance that flowers produce that may cause hay
Long stamens / long stigmas / feathery stigmas / large fever in some people.
numbers of pollen grains / smooth pollen or light pollen / no Pollen
showy colours or no scent or no nectar or small petals or no 36. Name the site of production of a pollen grain.
petals Anther
25. What is meant by the term fertilisation? 37. Name the structure on which pollen must land to complete
Fusion of gametes or formation of zygote pollination.
26. Give a brief account of the process of fertilisation in flowering Stigma
plants. 38. Name two methods of cross pollination.
Generative nucleus / mitosis / two male gametes (or Wind / animal
nuclei) / one fuses with egg / to form zygote / other (male 39. Many species of plant have mechanisms that prevent self-
gamete or nucleus) fuses with (two) polar nuclei / to form pollination. Suggest how such plants could benefit from this.
endosperm Greater variation or explained or prevents inbreeding or
27. What is meant by fertilisation? explained
Fusion of gametes or formation of zygote 40. Describe in detail the events that follow the arrival of a pollen
28. Name the part of the flower in each case: 1. Where grain at the stigma up to and including fertilisation.
fertilisation occurs 2. That becomes the fruit. Pollen (grain) germinates or pollen tube produced / grows
1. Embryo sac or ovule or ovary or carpel 2. Carpel or ovary through style / generative nucleus divides by mitosis / to
29. Give two ways by which pollen is transferred from one flower form 2 (male) gametes / entry into embryo sac / one
to another. (gamete) fertilises the egg (cell) / one fertilises the polar
Wind / insects nuclei.
30. Name one structure through which the pollen tube grows in 41. Which part of a flower usually develops into a fruit?
order to reach the embryo sac. Ovary
Stigma or style or ovary or micropyle
31. Explain the term fertilisation.
Fusion / of gametes / to produce a zygote
32. What is meant by the term pollination?
Transfer of pollen / from anther to stigma
33. Give two methods of pollination in plants.
Wind / insect / self
34. What is the next step after pollination in the lifecycle of the
plant?
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