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    LAB 6 Machines

    Uploaded by

    Kazuha Minato

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    LAB 6 Machines

    Uploaded by

    Kazuha Minato
    5 views12 pages

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    LAB-6-machines

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    5 views12 pages

    LAB 6 Machines

    Uploaded by

    Kazuha Minato

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    Technological University of the Philippines

    College of Engineering
    Electrical Engineering Department

    PEE6L-M / BSEE-3D
    Torque-Speed Characteristic
    Experiment No. 6

    GROUP NO. 5
    Leader : LABANDERO, PATRICIA SHANE V.

    Members: BIANES, ALDRIN JOHN O.


    BRIONES, DANIEL LUIS, M.
    BURGOS, MIKE GABRIEL R.
    DELOS SANTOS, KHENN ANDRAE
    GERONGA, KIM ISRAEL M.
    MANAOIS, ETHAN ZACHARY A.
    MEDENILLA, LLOYD L.
    MONTAÑEZ, JEROME O.
    TABUÑAR, JOECO O.

    Submitted to:
    ENGR. JUN A. TERESA

    April 1, 2024
    (Date of Performance)

    April 11, 2024


    (Date of Submission)
    GRAPH:
    Table 13-3-1 Measured values of P, I, N and cos θ

    T(kg-m) 0 0.05 0.1


    P(W) 123.391 220.663 365.809
    I(A) 1.3 1.3 1.6
    cos θ 0.274 0.490 0.660
    N(rpm) 1782 1733 1647

    Figure 13-3-3 The T vs P curve

    Fig 13-3-4 The I vs P curve


    Fig 13-3-5 the Cosθ vs P curve

    FIg 13-3-6 N vs P Curve

    Computation for Power

    P = √3VIcosθ

    P = √3(200)(1.3)(0.274) P = √3(200)(1.3)(0.490) P = √3(200)(1.6)(0.660)

    P = 123.391 W P = 220.663 W P = 365.809 W


    DISCUSSION

    Torque Speed Characteristics of Induction Motor

    Figure (1)

    The torque developed in the 3-ϕ induction motor depends on its speed. The
    relationship between torque and speed can be represented by the curve as shown in
    figure (1), which represents the speed-torque characteristics. The starting torque is called
    the locked rotor torque while the maximum torque is called the breakdown torque. Under
    full-load conditions, the motor runs at a speed of ‘N’. When the mechanical load increases,
    the speed of the motor keeps decreasing until the torque becomes equal to load torque.
    When the two torques are balanced, the motor runs at a constant speed. But, if the torque
    exceeds maximum torque or breakdown torque then the motor stops abruptly.

    Effect of Rotor Circuit Resistance on Torque Speed Characteristics of Induction Motor

    The speed of an induction motor can be


    controlled by adding resistances in the rotor
    circuit. The torque-speed characteristics of an
    induction motor are modified due to a variation in
    the rotor resistance as shown in figure (2). These
    characteristics show that the speed of the motor
    decreases with an increase of resistance value in
    the rotor circuit. Thus, this method controls speed
    from rated speed to lower speed and smoother
    speed control can be achieved by increasing
    external resistance in steps
    Effect of Rotor Circuit Reactance on Torque Speed Characteristics of Induction Motor
    The torque of a 3-ϕ induction motor can be
    controlled by changing stator reactance or rotor
    reactance or both. Stator reactance can be varied
    for both squirrel cage and wound rotor motor, but
    the rotor reactance can be varied only for a wound
    rotor motor by placing an external reactor in the
    rotor circuit through slip rings. The torque-speed
    characteristics of an induction motor with changing
    equivalent reactance are shown in figure (3). These
    characteristics show that the speed can be
    controlled from rated speed to lower speed in downward direction. The range of speed
    control in this method is limited. The number of steps of external reactors determine the
    smoothness of the speed control which is stepped. Stepless and smooth reactance
    variation can be achieved by using saturable reactors.

    Three-Phase Induction Motor Torque-Speed Characteristics


    The curve representing the torque-speed characteristics of a three-phase
    induction motor is the relationship between the torque produced and the motor's rotational
    speed. It details how the torque of the motor varies as its speed changes.

    Three-phase induction's torque depends on its speed, but there is no easy way to
    explain how the two relate to one another. Consequently, we represent their connection
    using the torque-speed curve.
    The motor's full load speed is N.
    The motor speed will decrease if the
    mechanical load on the shaft is raised
    until the motor torque, also known as the
    electromagnetic torque, equals the load
    torque once more. The motor will operate
    at a constant speed less than its previous
    speed as soon as the two torques are equal. However, it will abruptly halt if the torque
    exceeds the breakdown torque (2.5T).A three-phase induction motor's torque-speed
    characteristics are depicted as a straight line between the operating positions at no load
    and full load. The rotor circuit resistance determines the curve's slope; the more excellent
    the resistance of the rotor circuit, the steeper the curve's slope.
    Three-Phase Induction Motor Torque-Speed Characteristics
    Torque Speed Characteristic is the curve plotted between the torque and the
    speed of the induction motor. We have already discussed the torque of the induction
    motor in the topic Torque Equation of an Induction motor. The equation of the torque is
    given as shown below:

    At the maximum torque, the speed of the rotor is expressed by the equation shown below:

    The curve below shows the Torque Speed Characteristic:

    The maximum torque is independent of the rotor resistance. But the exact location
    of the maximum torque Ʈmax is dependent on it. The greater, the value of the R2, the
    greater is the value of the slip at which maximum torque occurs. As the rotor resistance
    increases, the pullout speed of the motor decreases. In this condition, the maximum
    torque remains constant.
    Torque-Slip and Torque-Speed Characteristics of Induction Motor

    The torque-speed characteristic is a curve between the torque and speed of an


    induction motor and it is shown in the figure below.

    The below equation gives the speed of the rotor at which the maximum torque is achieved.

    NM = NS (1-SM)
    The equation of maximum torque is;

    Here, we can see that the maximum torque is independent of rotor resistance. But the
    exact location of maximum torque is dependent on rotor resistance. Greater the value of
    rotor resistance, the greater the value of slip at which the maximum torque is achieved.
    From the torque-speed curve, it is clear that as the rotor resistance is increases, the
    pull-out speed of the motor decreases (the maximum torque remains constant).
    Moreover, a three-phase induction machine, like other electric machines, may function as
    both a motor and a generator. The rotor's speed determines whether this machine acts
    as a generator or a motor, though, because the stator must be linked to the three-phase
    circuit. The line frequency and the number of poles in the stator winding define the
    synchronous speed.After the stator is electrically connected, the developed rotating
    magnetic field rotates at synchronous speed. As a result, the rotor rotates in accordance
    with the magnetic field's rotation, acting as a motor. However, if the rotor shaft is given
    mechanical energy to revolve at a speed greater than the magnetic field's speed, the
    machine acts as a generator.A typical characteristic curve for an induction machine is
    shown in Figure 4 Relationships between torque and speed are involved.
    REFERENCES
    admin. (2023, May 2). Torque Speed Characteristics of Induction Motor. Electrical and
    Electronics Blog. https://howelectrical.com/torque-speed-characteristics-of-
    induction-motor/
    Three-Phase Induction Motor Torque-Speed Characteristics. (n.d.).
    Www.tutorialspoint.com. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/three-phase-
    induction-motor-torque-speed-characteristics
    bhakti. (2016, January 23). Torque Speed Characteristic of Induction Motor. Circuit
    Globe. https://circuitglobe.com/torque-speed-characteristic-of-an-induction-
    motor.html#google_vignette
    Technology, E. (2022, April 21). Torque-Slip & Torque-Speed Characteristics of
    Induction Motor. ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY.
    https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2022/04/torque-slip-torque-speed-
    characteristics-induction-motor.html
    CONCLUSION

    After observing and recording the data of the experiment, we concluded that the
    torque is directly proportional to the current, power, and power factor but it is inversely
    proportional to the speed of the motor because exceeding the breakdown torque will drain
    the maximum current and will result for the speed to become zero thus stopping the motor.
    The full load torque is a continuous torque and won’t overheat the machine while the
    starting torque can only be used for a few seconds so that it won’t overheat the machine.
    Same with the starting torque the maximum torque can also overheat the machine. The
    reason why the maximum and starting torque is much higher than the full load torque is
    because the current is quite high between 5 to 6 times of the rated current. Allowing the
    flow of a high current will result in overheating of the machine and damage to the
    insulation.
    PICTURES OF MEMBERS PERFORMANCE:

    LEADER:
    BIANES, ALDRIN JOHN, O.
    LABANDERO, PATRICIA SHANE V.

    BRIONES, DANIEL LUIS M. BURGOS, MIKE GABRIEL R.


    DELOS SANTOS, KHENN ANDRAE GERONGA, KIM ISRAEL M.

    MANAOIS, ETHAN ZACHARY A. MEDENILLA, LLOYD L.


    MONTAÑEZ, JEROME, O. TABUÑAR, JOECO O.

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