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    Grand Viva Fluids

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    112Debaditya Datta
    The document discusses various concepts related to fluid mechanics including vortex motion, Darcy's equation, Hagen-Poiseuille equation, types of pipe losses, displacement thickness, impulse momentum equation, differences between centrifugal and reciprocating pumps, cavitation, draft tubes, net positive suction head, specific speed, pump priming, and differences between impulse and reaction turbines.

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    Grand Viva Fluids

    Uploaded by

    112Debaditya Datta
    7 views19 pages
    The document discusses various concepts related to fluid mechanics including vortex motion, Darcy's equation, Hagen-Poiseuille equation, types of pipe losses, displacement thickness, impulse momentum equation, differences between centrifugal and reciprocating pumps, cavitation, draft tubes, net positive suction head, specific speed, pump priming, and differences between impulse and reaction turbines.

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    The document discusses various concepts related to fluid mechanics including vortex motion, Darcy's equation, Hagen-Poiseuille equation, types of pipe losses, displacement thickness, impulse momentum equation, differences between centrifugal and reciprocating pumps, cavitation, draft tubes, net positive suction head, specific speed, pump priming, and differences between impulse and reaction turbines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views19 pages

    Grand Viva Fluids

    Uploaded by

    112Debaditya Datta
    The document discusses various concepts related to fluid mechanics including vortex motion, Darcy's equation, Hagen-Poiseuille equation, types of pipe losses, displacement thickness, impulse momentum equation, differences between centrifugal and reciprocating pumps, cavitation, draft tubes, net positive suction head, specific speed, pump priming, and differences between impulse and reaction turbines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    Vortex Motion

    A vortex is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line, which may be
    straight or curved. Vortices form in stirred fluids, and may be observed in smoke rings,
    whirlpools in the wake of a boat, and the winds surrounding a tropical cyclone, tornado or
    dust devil
    Darcy Equation
    relates the loss of pressure or head loss due to friction along the given length of pipe to the
    average velocity of the fluid flow for an incompressible fluid.

    Hagen-Poiseullie Equation
    The pressure force pushing the liquid through the tube is the change in pressure multiplied by
    the area: F = −A Δp. This force is in the direction of the motion of the liquid.

    Different Pipe Losses


    • Major Loss: When a fluid is flowing through a pipe, it experiences some resistance
    due to which some of energy (head) of fluid is lost. Energy loss through friction in the
    length of pipeline is commonly termed the major loss (hf) which is the loss of head
    due to pipe friction and to viscous dissipation in flowing water.
    • Minor Loss:
    o Loss of energy due to sudden enlargement.
    o Loss of energy due to sudden contraction.
    o Loss of energy at the entrance of the pipe.
    o Loss of energy at the exit from pipe.
    o Loss of energy in Bends and Pipe Fittings.
    Displacement Thickness
    The displacement thickness for the boundary layer is defined as the distance the surface
    would have to move in the y-direction to reduce the flow passing by a volume equivalent to
    the real effect of the boundary layer.
    Impulse Momentum Equation
    This principle is based on the law of conservation of momentum which states, the net force
    acting on a fluid mass is equal to the change in momentum of flow per unit time in that
    direction.
    Centrifugal vs Reciprocating Pump

    What is cavitation?
    Thus, cavitation is the name given to a mechanism in which vapor bubbles (or cavities) in a
    fluid grow and collapse due to local pressure fluctuations. These fluctuations can produce a
    low pressure, in the form of vapor pressure of the fluid.
    What is draft tube?
    The draft tube is a conduit which connects the runner exit to the tail race where the water is
    being finally discharged from the turbine. The primary function of the draft tube is to reduce
    the velocity of the discharged water to minimize the loss of kinetic energy at the outlet.
    What is net positive suction head?
    The difference between inlet pressure and the lowest pressure level inside the pump is called
    NPSH: Net Positive Suction Head. NPSH is therefore an expression of the pressure loss that
    takes place inside the first part of the pump housing.
    What is specific speed?
    Specific Speed is a dimensionless rating of pump discharge performance derived from an
    equation involving shaft speed, flow rate and differential head at a pump's Best Efficiency
    Point. It is an important factor used in the design and selection of pumps and impellers.
    Why is pump priming done?
    Priming is the process of removing air from the pump and suction line to permit atmospheric
    pressure and flooding pressure to cause liquid to flow into the pump. Without priming, pumps
    will cease to function and break down.
    Impulse vs Reaction Turbine

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