INTERNSHIP-IV (11360004)

An Internship Report on

STRUCTURAL DETAILING
completed at

KANHAI ENGINEERS

Submitted by

THAKOR PRASHANT BHARATBHAI

22021302020009

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

Diploma Engineering
in

Civil Engineering Department

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Monark University, Vahelal

[SUMMER 2024]
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
MONARK UNIVERSITY
Vahelal,Ahmedabad

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Internship report submitted has been carried out by THAKOR
PRASHANT BHARATBHAI (22021302020009) at KANHAI ENGINEERS under my guidance in partial
fulfilment in 6th Semester for the Diploma Engineering in Civil Engineering of Monark University, Vahelal
during the academic year 2023-24.

Prof. Vrundani Vaidya Dr. Jaydip Jadia

Internal Guide Head of the Department
Civil Engineering Department

CERTIFICATE OF COMPANY/INDUSTRY
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
MONARK UNIVERSITY
Vahelal, Ahmedabad.

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Internship report submitted along with the Internship entitled STRUCTURAL
DETAILING submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of the of Diploma Engineering in Civil
Engineering to Monark University, Vahelal, is a bonafide record of original project work carried out by me,
at Kanhai engineers under the supervision of Hardik .P. upadhyay and that no part of this report has been
directly copied from any students’ reports or taken from any other source, without providing due reference.

Name of Student: THAKOR PRASHANT BHARATBHAI

Sign of Student :
 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the guide, Prof.jaydip jadia for his/her invaluable guidance,
support, and encouragement throughout the process. His expertise, patience, and feedback have been
instrumental in shaping my ideas and guiding me towards the completion of this Internship.

I would also like to extend my appreciation to the faculty members of the Civil Department as well as H.O.D
of Civil Department, Prof. Jaydip Jadia, for their valuable insights and feedback on my Internship. Their
critiques, suggestions, and encouragement have helped me to develop a deeper understanding of the subject
matter.

In addition, I would like to thank my Family and Friends for their unwavering support and encouragement
throughout this journey. Their love, motivation, and belief in me have been the driving force behind my
academic success.

Once again, I express my deepest gratitude to all those members who have contributed to the successful
completion of this thesis and progress.
ABSTRACT

This summer internship helped me to apply my theoretical knowledge gained

during the college academic programme into sight and experience

professional construction process. It helped me to enhance my skill and to

enrich my sight knowledge by keeping me update with latest technologies.

This opportunity is helped me to stay in environment where I could think as a

civil engineer.

In this project I have done study on building construction, its process and

functions, construction method and which type of materials used. I am also

studied basic concept of SOM (Strength of Mechanics), RCC, Steel

structure, analysis software STAAD.PRO and drafting software AUTOCAD.

To get better acquainted with the design techniques, various components of

building like foundation,column, slab were designed manually.

This report document contains the knowledge and experience I have gained

through my internship at ‘Komal Luxuria’

 Index

Sr.No. Content Page No.

1 Introduction:
 Site Overview 11
 Site Visualization 12
 Project Amenities 13
2 Excavation:
 Diaphragm Wall 13
 Dimension Floor Plan of Apartment 14
 PCC [Plain Cement Concrete] 15
 RCC [Reinforced Cement Concrete] 16
3 Footing:
 Step Footing 17
 Purpose of Step Footing 17
 Advantages of Step Footing 18
 Disadvantages of Step Footing 18
4 Columns:
 Advantages of Column 19
 Disadvantages of Column 19
 Purpose of Column 19
 Types of Column 20,21,22,23
5 Quantity:
 Schedule of Column 24
 Schedule of Footing 25
 Steel Quantity 25
6 Conclusion:
 Conclusion 26
 Site Overview:

 The Komal Luxuria is a residential and commercial building featuring

3BHK and 4BHK.It is located near Chandranagar BRTS Bus Stop

Ahmedabad 380007. It is currently under construction. The site is

connected Sabarmati Riverfront Road which is a prime area and has

good connectivity and accessibility and near Riverfront Biodiversity

Park. (Fig:1)

Site Location Plan

Figure-1.1 Site Location Plan

 Site Visualization:
 Project Amenities :

 The project provides some distinctive amenities that defines the

magnificence of the venture. Kids can use the Children's Play Area,

nearby apart from Swimming Pool. There is 24x7 Security. It is a Gated

Community. Some other provisions include access to Energy

management, Landscaping & Tree Planting. There is provide for Closed

Car Parking. The project is approved by the regulatory authority and the

RERA ID is MunicipalCorporation Ahmedabad.

 DIAPHRAGM WALL:

 A diaphragm concrete structure constructed in situ panel by panel In the basement

market D-Walls are often used on congested sites close to existing structures where

the excavation depth and ground condition would prove problematic for piled walls .
  Dimension Floor Plan of Apartment:

Figure-2.1 3BHK Unit Plan

1. Vestibule 6’0” x 5’3”

2. Drawing Room 11’0” x 19’0”

3. Kitchen & 10’0” x 17’0”

Dinning
4. Store Room 5’0” x 5’0”

5. Wash yard 13’3” x 4’9”

6. Bed Room-1 11’0” x 10’0”

7. Toilet-1 4’3” x 6’9”

8. Bed Room-2 15’6” x 11’0”

9. Bed Room-3 11’0” x 14’0”

10.Balcony 11’0” x 7’0”

11. Toilet-2 8’0” x 4’9”

12. Toilet-3 9’0” x 4’9”
 PCC:

 PCC Full Form in civil engineering is Plain Cement Concrete. The Cement Concrete in

which no reinforcement is provided is called Plain Cement Concrete. It is simply a

mixture of cement, sand and aggregate containing a suitable proportion of water.

(Fig:3)

Figure-2.2 PCC
 RCC:
 RCC [Reinforced Cement Concrete]. RCC is a process when plain cement

concrete which is mixture of cement coarse aggregate and fine aggregate is

rain forced with steel bar. It is generally a concrete that contains steel bars,

which is also known as rears or reinforcement bars. (Fig:4)

Figure-2.3 RCC
 STEP FOOTING:

 Stepped footing step on top of each Other, the steps are often formed by Stacking three

to four cross-sections on top of one another. (Fig:5)

Figure-3.1 Step Footing

 Purpose of Step Footings:

 The foundation aids in giving the buildings’ construction a level surface.

 It will aid in keeping the structure from moving laterally.
 To offer support against swaying and toppling.
 To avoid the settlement of the difference.
 The primary purpose of the foundation is to transfer the structure’s weight into the
subterranean strata.
  Advantages of Step Footing:

 Stepping foundations also prevents sudden and extreme level changes that can result in

a weakening and movement.

 When isolated, it is much easier to put together.

 Increased effective depth against shear/moment at the post’s neck.

 They will be adequate for pillars that are placed in isolation and relatively simple

walls.

 Disadvantages of Step Footings:

 When it comes to using steel and concrete, this is relatively wasteful.

 Column:

 A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that

transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural

elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. (Fig:6)

\
 Figure-4.1 Column
 Advantage of Column:
 Maintains column and wall dimension between slabs.

 Prevent the movement of longitudinal reinforcement of columns.

 Helps the maintaining of vertical alignment of column.

 Simplify the installation of column formworks, so it enhances quality speed of

construction.

 It ensure the provision of designated column concrete cover.

Figure-4.1 Column

 Disadvantage of Column:
 The most outstanding disadvantage of kicker is the possible formation of joints at the

bottom of columns or walls. That is why it is sometimes eliminated, and acceptable

techniques are used to install column and wall shuttering. But the risk of errors is

increased if kickers are not used.

 Purpose of Column:

 Columns are structural elements that transmit loads from a structure's

slab to its foundation and the ground beneath it. Often, they are vertically oriented.

Columns are used in construction for trusses, building frames,

and bridge structure support.

 Types of Columns:

1. Tied Column:
 This type of column is commonly Construction from reinforced concrete. Longitudinal

reinforcement are confined within closely spaced tie reinforcement. It is estimated

that 95% of all columns in buildings are tied. (Fig:7)

Figure-4.2.1 Tied Column

2. Spiral Column:

 Spiral column is also construction from Reinforced concrete. In this type of column,

longitudinal bars are confined within closely Spaced and continuously wound spiral

reinforce Cement. Spiral reinforce cement provide lateral restrains and delays axial

load failure. (Fig:8)

Figure-4.2.2 Spiral Column

3. Short Column:

 If the ratio effective length of the column to the least lateral dimension is less than 12,

the column is called as the short column. A Short column fails by crushing. (Fig:9)

Figure-4.2.3 Short Column

4. Long Column:

 If the ratio effective length of the column to the least lateral dimension exceeds 12, it is

Called as long column. A long column fails by bending or buckling. (Fig:10)

Figure-4.2.4 Long Column

5. T-Shape column:

 It is utilized based on design requirements of a structure. T-Shaped column is widely

used in the construction of bridges. (Fig:11)

Figure-4.2.5 T-Shape Column

6. Axially Loaded Column:

 If vertical axial loads act on the centre of gravity of the cross-section of the column,

then it is termed as axially loaded column. Axially loaded column is rare in

construction are since coinciding and vertical loads on the centre of gravity of column

cross Section is not practical. Interior column of multi-storey buildings with

symmetrical loads from floor slabs from all sides is an example of this type of column.

(Fig:12)

Figure-4.2.6 Axially Loaded Column

7. Column with Uniaxial Eccentric Loading:

 When vertical loads do not coincide with centre of gravity of column cross section, but

rather act eccentrically either on X or Y axis of the column cross section, then it is

called uniaxial eccentric loading column. Column with uniaxial loading are generally

encountered in the case of columns rigidly connected beam from one side only such as

edge columns. (Fig:13)

Figure-4.2.7 Column with Uniaxial Eccentric Loading

 Section of Footing and Column:

Figure-4.3 Section of Footing & Colum

Schedule of column:

Column AT FDN. Column Size 380×1200

LVL.& 2nd Column Steel 23-25Ø
Basement & 1st Column Ring 8Ø115C/C/8Ø75C/C
Basement As Per Ductile
Coulmn 3-Ring+4-Link
Conc. Mix M:30
Refer Section 26:26

Pedestal Size M:30 450×1280

 Figure-4.4

Schedule of Footing:

PEDESTAL SIZE(M:30) 450×1280 380×980

B’×L’ 3650×6900
(Excavation size)
B×L 3500×6750
(FOOTING SIZE)

-D1 550
(DEPTH) -D2 550
-D3 -
Steel/B 12Ø125C/C
Steel/L 12Ø125C/C
Conc.Mix M:25

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  STEEL QUANTITY:

Item Numbers L B H Total

Quantity
1. Footing 3600-100 +1 12×12
Jali Span-Cover 100 162 - =32.04kg
12mmØ +1 NOS=36 =0.89
C/C
2. Footing 3600-100 +1 16× 16
Jali Span-Cover 100 162 - =57.24kg
16mmØ +1 NOS=36 =1.59
C/C

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 CONCLUSION

We have supervised be, step footing, column construction work, after

supervising our construction site. We have learned about step footing column

construction and achieved practical experience. We have also learned

construction management it was an awesome experience dealing with different

types of people as construction site. It seems to me that the practical knowledge

is most essential to be an efficient engineer. I tried to give my full afford a

trainee engineers, Overall, the internship program Laid sound foundation for us

to start our career.

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