CHERCHER SECONDARY SCHOOL

GEOGRAPHY WORKSHEET FOR GRADE 12 IN 2024 E.C

THIS WORK-SHEET WAS PREPARED BY TESFAYE FEKADU
Choose the best answer from the following alternative for the following questions

1. What type of poverty is characterized by a lack of access to basic necessities such as food, clean
water, and shelter?
A. Absolute poverty B. urban poverty C .Relative poverty D. Cultural poverty
2. Which form of poverty refers to the persistent, long-term condition of being below the poverty
line?
A. Temporary poverty B. Chronic poverty C. Transitional poverty D. Occasional poverty
3. How does poverty affect education in developing regions?
A. Facilitates equal access to quality education
B. Limits access to education and perpetuates a cycle of disadvantage
C. Ensures universal literacy rates
D. Accelerates educational advancement for all
4. What is a potential consequence of gender-based poverty in terms of economic development?
A. Promotion of gender equality in the workforce
B. Widening economic opportunities for all genders
C. Reinforcement of gender inequalities and limited women's participation in development
D. Equal distribution of resources among genders
5. How does urban poverty differ from rural poverty in terms of access to services?
A. Urban poverty generally allows for better access to services than rural poverty
B. Both urban and rural poverty have similar access to services
C. Urban poverty hinders access to services more than rural poverty
D. Urban and rural poverty have no impact on service accessibility
6. What role does agriculture play in addressing rural poverty in the context of development?
A. Agriculture exacerbates rural poverty by limiting economic diversification
B. Has no impact on rural poverty
C. Can be a key driver in reducing rural poverty by promoting economic opportunities
D. Promotes rural poverty by limiting industrialization
7. What does multidimensional poverty consider beyond just income levels?
A. Only educational attainment C. Only access to healthcare
B. A combination of income, education, health, and living standards D. Only social mobility

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8. How does addressing multidimensional poverty contribute to sustainable development?
A. Multidimensional poverty has no relation to sustainable development
B. Reduces poverty in one dimension while exacerbating it in others
C. Promotes holistic development by addressing various aspects of well-being
D. Ignores the complexity of poverty and its impact on development
9. What is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere
and contributing to climate change?
A. Oxygen B. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) C. NitrogenD. Methane
10. Which human activities are major contributors to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
levels?
A. Deforestation B. Agriculture C.Burning fossil fuels D. All of the above
11. What is the term for the gradual increase in the Earth's average surface temperature due to
human activities?
A. Global cooling B. Global warming C. Climate shift D. Thermal expansion
12. What is the name of the international agreement aimed at addressing climate change by
limiting global temperature increases?
A. Paris Agreement B. Kyoto Protocol C. Copenhagen Accord D. Montreal Protocol
13. Which of the following is a consequence of climate change impacting sea levels?
A. Sea level rise B. Ocean acidification C.Sea level decrease D. Increased ice cover
14. What is the term for the long-term changes in precipitation and temperature patterns in a
specific region? A. Weather variability B. Climate change C. Climatic adaptation D. Drought
15. What is the primary source of methane emissions contributing to climate change?
A. Industrial processes B. Transportation D. Deforestation D. Agriculture and livestock
16. Which human activity is a significant contributor to the increased concentration of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere?
A. Planting trees B. Burning fossil fuels C. Recycling plastic D. Riding bicycles
17. What is the main driver of rising sea levels, a consequence of climate change?
A. Increased precipitation C. Deforestation
B. Melting ice caps and glaciers D. Underwater volcanic activity
18. Which region is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including extreme
weather events and sea-level rise?
A. Arctic B. Amazon Rainforest C. Sahara Desert D. Himalayan Mountains
19. What is the term for the process by which the Earth's average temperature increases due to the
buildup of greenhouse gases?

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 A. Ozone depletion B. Acid rain C. Global warming D. Desertification
20. Which renewable energy source is often promoted as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels to
mitigate climate change? A. Coal B. Solar Power C. Natural Gas D. Oil
21. What is the term for the gradual change in climate patterns over an extended period
A. Climate variability B. Climate change C. Seasonal fluctuations D. Weather anomalies
22. What is the primary cause of ocean acidification, a consequence of elevated carbon dioxide
levels in the atmosphere?
A. Deforestation B. Greenhouse gas emissions C. Industrial pollution D. Nuclear power plants
23. What role do feedback loops play in the context of climate change?
A. They accelerate climate change B. They slow down the effects of climate change
B. They have no impact on climate dynamics C. They reverse the warming process
24. What is the primary driver of climate change?
A. Solar flares B. Human activities C. Volcanic eruptions D. Changes in Earth's orbit
25. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect and global
warming? A.Oxygen B. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) C. Nitrogen D. Ozone
26. What is the greenhouse effect?
A. Cooling of the Earth's atmosphere
B. The trapping of heat by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
C. A process that eliminates greenhouse gases
D. The reflection of sunlight by the Earth's surface
27. What is the consequence of an increase in the Earth's average temperature, primarily due to
human activities?
A. Global cooling B. Global warming C. Desertification D. Ozone layer depletion
28. How do deforestation and land-use changes contribute to climate change?
A. They have no impact on climate
B. They increase the absorption of carbon dioxide
C. They release stored carbon into the atmosphere
D. They lead to global cooling
29. What is the term for the rise in global average sea levels due to the melting of glaciers and polar
ice caps?
A. Ocean acidification B. Ocean warming C. Sea level rise D. Tsunami
30. Which international body oversees global efforts to address climate change and implement
agreements among nations?
A. World Health Organization (WHO)

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 B. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
C. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
D. World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
31. What is the anticipated consequence of climate change on extreme weather events, such as
hurricanes and heat waves?
A. Decrease in intensity and frequency C. Increase in intensity and frequency
B. No impact on extreme weather events D. Shifting to different regions
32. What role do oceans play in the context of climate change?
A. Oceans have no impact on climate change
B. Oceans absorb carbon dioxide and heat
C. Oceans release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
D. Oceans cause global cooling
33. How does deforestation contribute to climate change?
A. It reduces air pollution C. It releases stored carbon into the atmosphere
B. It promotes biodiversity D. It has no impact on the climate
34. Which natural process regulates the Earth's temperature by trapping some of the sun's energy
in the atmosphere?
A. Greenhouse effect B. Ozone layer depletion C. Solar radiation D. Photosynthesis
35. What is the main consequence of the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers due to climate
change?
A. Decreased sea levels C. Rising sea levels
B. Increased precipitation D. Expansion of ice coverage
36. Which of the following is an example of a natural factor influencing climate change?
A. Burning fossil fuels B. Volcanic eruptions C. Industrial emissions D. Land-use changes
37. How do human activities contribute to climate change?
A. By reducing greenhouse gas emissions
B. By promoting afforestation
C. By increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
D. By decreasing deforestation
38. Which activity is a significant contributor to human-induced deforestation and climate change?
A. Planting trees B. Land conservation C. Sustainable logging D. Clearing land for agriculture
39. What is the term for the process by which human activities enhance the natural greenhouse
effect, leading to a warming of the Earth's surface?
A. Anthropogenic climate change C. Natural adaptation

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 B. Global cooling D. Ecological balance
40. How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to both natural and human-induced climate
change?
A. It has no impact on climate change C. It reduces solar radiation absorption .
B. It releases carbon dioxide, a natural greenhouse gas D. It cools the Earth's surface
41. What is the primary natural factor that influences the Earth's climate over geological time
scales?
A. Human activities B. Plate tectonics C. Greenhouse gas emissions D. Industrialization
42. Which human activity is a major contributor to the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services,
exacerbating climate change impacts?
A. Afforestation projects B. Industrial pollution C. Conservation efforts D. Deforestation
43. What is the term for the observed increase in Earth's average surface temperature that can be
attributed to human activities?
A. Natural climate variability C. Solar radiation fluctuations
B. Anthropogenic global warming D. Ozone layer depletion
44. How does climate change impact biodiversity?
A. It has no effect on biodiversity C. It leads to species extinction and habitat loss
B. It enhances biodiversity D. It reduces the need for conservation efforts
45. What role do oceans play in modulating climate change?
A. Oceans contribute to greenhouse gas emissions
B. Oceans have no impact on climate change
C. Oceans absorb and store heat
D. Oceans release stored carbon into the atmosphere
46. How do natural processes, such as volcanic eruptions, impact the climate?
A. They have no effect on climate C. They release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
B. They lead to global cooling D. They accelerate global warming
47. What is a major consequence of rising global temperatures due to climate change?
A. Decreased sea levels C. Global cooling
B. Increased ice coverage D. More frequent and severe heat waves
48. How does climate change impact sea levels?
A. Causes sea levels to decrease C. Leads to a gradual rise in sea levels
B. Has no effect on sea levels D. Results in more stable sea levels
49. What is one of the consequences of climate change on weather patterns?
A. Reduced frequency of extreme weather events

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 B. More predictable rainfall patterns
C. Increased intensity of hurricanes and typhoons
D. Decreased variability in temperature

50. How does climate change impact ecosystems and biodiversity?

A. Enhances biodiversity
B. Has no effect on ecosystems
C. Leads to the loss of biodiversity and disrupts ecosystems
D. Promotes the growth of diverse species
51. How does climate change impact agriculture?
A. Promotes crop growth due to higher temperatures
B. Has no effect on agricultural productivity
C. Leads to disruptions in crop yields, increased pests, and water scarcity
D. Increases the efficiency of farming practices
52. How does climate change impact water resources?
A. Increases the availability of freshwater C. Leads to more reliable rainfall patterns
B. Has no effect on water resources D. Results in changes in precipitation, droughts, and
floods
53. What is a consequence of climate change on human health?
A. Decreased incidence of infectious diseases
B. Improved air quality
C. Increased risks of heat-related illnesses and the spread of diseases
D. Enhanced overall well-being
54. How does climate change impact the frequency and intensity of wildfires?
A. Decreases the occurrence of wildfires
B. Has no effect on wildfires
C. Increases the frequency and intensity of wildfires
D. Leads to more controlled burning practices
55. What is the term for the long-term change in average weather patterns in a specific region due
to climate change?
A. Climate variability C. Atmospheric changes
B. Seasonal fluctuations D. Climate change adaptation
56. How does climate change impact global sea levels?
A. It causes sea levels to decrease C. It leads to a gradual rise in sea levels

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 B. It has no effect on sea levels D. Sea levels become more stable
57. What is the term for the displacement of human populations due to climate change-related
events, such as sea-level rise or extreme weather events?
A. Urbanization C. Climate-induced migration
B. Climate gentrification D. Environmental conservation
58. What is one consequence of the loss of biodiversity due to climate change?
A. Increased ecosystem stability C. Decreased resilience to environmental changes
B. Enhanced pollination services D. Improved soil fertility
59. What is the primary goal of adaptation strategies in response to climate change?
A. To prevent climate change C. To adjust to the impacts of climate change
B. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions D. To reverse the effects of global warming
60. Which of the following is an example of an adaptation strategy in agriculture to cope with
climate change?
A. Increasing deforestation C. Expanding industrial livestock farming
B. Planting drought-resistant crops D. Intensifying pesticide use
61. What is the primary objective of mitigation strategies in response to climate change?
A. To adapt to changing climate conditions C. To increase greenhouse gas emissions
B. To reduce the severity of climate impacts D. To promote urbanization
62. How do reforestation and afforestation contribute to climate change mitigation?
A. They increase greenhouse gas emissions
B. They have no impact on climate change
C. They absorb and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
D. They promote deforestation
63. Which renewable energy source is commonly associated with mitigation strategies to reduce
reliance on fossil fuels?
A. Coal B. Natural Gas C. Wind power Nuclear energy
64. What is the purpose of energy efficiency measures in the context of climate change mitigation?
A. To increase greenhouse gas emissions
B. To decrease the use of renewable energy
C. To promote deforestation
D. To reduce overall energy consumption and emissions
65. What role does sustainable urban planning play in climate change adaptation?
A. It reduces urban heat islands and enhances resilience
B. It has no impact on climate change

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 C. It increases vulnerability to climate impacts
D. It promotes deforestation
66. How does the promotion of public transportation contribute to climate change mitigation?
A. It increases greenhouse gas emissions
B. It has no impact on climate change
C. It reduces the reliance on individual car transportation and decreases emissions
D. It promotes deforestation
67. What is the purpose of climate-resilient infrastructure in adaptation strategies?
A. To increase vulnerability to climate impacts
B. To accelerate the rate of climate change
C. To reduce the need for adaptation measures
D. To withstand and recover from extreme weather events
68. How does the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices contribute to both adaptation and
mitigation efforts?
A. It has no impact on climate change
B. It increases greenhouse gas emissions
C. It enhances ecosystem resilience and reduces emissions
D. It promotes deforestation
69. What is the primary goal of climate change adaptation strategies?
A. To reverse the effects of climate change
B. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions
C. To help societies adjust to the impacts of climate change
D. To promote deforestation
70. What does the term "mitigation" refer to in the context of climate change?
A. Adapting to the impacts of climate change
B. Reducing or preventing the emission of greenhouse gases
C. Ignoring climate change impacts
D. Expanding the use of fossil fuels
71. How do reforestation and afforestation contribute to climate change mitigation?
A. They release more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
B. They have no impact on climate change
C. They absorb and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
D. They accelerate the greenhouse effect
72. What role do renewable energy sources play in climate change mitigation?

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 A. They increase reliance on fossil fuels
B. They contribute to deforestation
C. They reduce greenhouse gas emissions by providing clean energy
D. They have no impact on climate change
73. What is the primary focus of the Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty related to climate
change?
A. Adaptation strategies C. Promoting renewable energy sources
B. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from developed countries D. Forest conservation
74. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted
during which international summit?
A. Rio Earth Summit (1992) C. Paris Climate Conference (2015)
B. Copenhagen Summit (2009) D. Kyoto Protocol Summit (1997)
75. What is the primary objective of the Montreal Protocol?
A. Addressing deforestation C. Reducing emissions of ozone-depleting substances
B. Regulating water usage D. Mitigating soil erosion
76. Which international climate agreement recognized the principle of "common but differentiated
responsibilities," acknowledging the varying responsibilities of developed and developing countries
in addressing climate change?
A. Kyoto Protocol B .Copenhagen Accord C. Paris Agreement D. Marrakech Accords
77. The Marrakech Accords are associated with which larger international climate agreement?
A. Paris Agreement B. Copenhagen Accord C. Kyoto Protocol D. Montreal Protocol
78. The Copenhagen Accord was negotiated during which United Nations Climate Change
Conference? A.COP21 B. COP17 C. COP15 D. COP26
79. What role does the Green Climate Fund play in international climate agreements?
A. Promoting deforestation initiatives
B. Funding projects in developing countries to address climate change
C. Regulating ocean pollution
D. Facilitating nuclear energy projects
80. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides scientific assessments to
support which international processes?
A. Sustainable development goals C. Climate negotiations and agreement
B. Biodiversity conservation D. Ozone layer protection
81. The extension of the Kyoto Protocol, focuses on commitments related to which aspect of climate
change?

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 A. Adaptation strategies
B. Reducing emissions from deforestation
C. Market mechanisms for emission reductions
D. Promoting renewable energy sources
82. What was the main objective of the Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997?
A. To promote deforestation
B. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from developed countries
C. To ignore climate change impacts
D. To accelerate global warming
83. Which international body oversees the implementation of the Paris Agreement and facilitates
global cooperation on climate action?
A. United Nations Security Council
B. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
C. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
D. World Health Organization (WHO)
84. What is the purpose of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the context
of international climate agreements?
A. To promote fossil fuel consumption
B. To provide scientific assessments on climate change impacts, adaptation, and mitigation
C. To accelerate deforestation initiatives
D. To ignore the effects of climate change
85. Which of the following statements is true about the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the
UNFCCC?
A. It is an organization advocating for increased greenhouse gas emissions
B. It is a group of climate change skeptics
C. It is the supreme decision-making body of the UNFCCC
D. It has no influence on international climate agreements
86. What is the purpose of the Green Climate Fund established under the UNFCCC?
A. To promote deforestation projects
B. To support climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts in developing countries
C. To encourage fossil fuel exploration
D. To accelerate global warming
87. Which international agreement focused on protecting the ozone layer rather than directly
addressing climate change?

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 A. Montreal Protocol C. Paris Agreement
B. Kyoto Protocol D. Copenhagen Accord
88. What role does the World Bank play in the context of international climate finance and
support?
A. To accelerate deforestation initiatives
B. To discourage climate change adaptation projects
C. To provide financial assistance for climate-resilient projects in developing countries
D. To promote greenhouse gas emissions
89. In which year was the Paris Agreement adopted by the parties to the UNFCCC?
A. 2005 B.2015 C. 2010 D.2020
90. What is the purpose of the Adaptation Fund, established under the Kyoto Protocol?
A. To accelerate deforestation
B. To promote fossil fuel consumption
C. To support adaptation projects in developing countries
D. To ignore climate change impacts
91. What role does the Conference of the Parties (COP) play in the context of international climate
negotiations?
A. Implementing climate policies in individual countries
B. Reviewing climate change impacts globally
C. Facilitating international climate negotiations and decisions
D. Promoting deforestation
92. Which city hosted the COP21 conference where the Paris Agreement was adopted in 2015?
A. Kyoto B. Paris C. Copenhagen D. Rio de Janeiro
93. Which international agreement set emission reduction targets for developed countries for the
first commitment period (2008-2012)?
A. Paris Agreement C. Rio Convention
B. Kyoto Protocol D. Copenhagen Accord
94. What was the main achievement of the Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997?
A. It established emission reduction targets for developed countries
B. It focused on promoting deforestation initiatives
C. It aimed to increase global greenhouse gas emissions
D. It ignored the issue of climate change
95. What is the primary goal of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)?
A. To increase greenhouse gas emissions

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 B. To promote deforestation
C. To assess scientific information on climate change and its impacts
D. To ignore climate change risks
96. What are the key pillars of Ethiopia's Climate-Resilient Green Economy strategy?
A. Sustainable Agriculture, Forestry, and Land Use
B. Heavy Reliance on Fossil Fuels
C. Increased Deforestation for Economic Growth
D. Ignoring Renewable Energy Initiatives
97. Which sector is emphasized in Ethiopia's green economy strategy to promote sustainable
development and reduce emissions?
A. Expanding the use of coal-fired power plants
B. Encouraging deforestation for economic gain
C. Investing in renewable energy sources
D. Increasing dependence on non-renewable resources
98. What role does sustainable land management play in Ethiopia's climate-resilient green
economy?
A. It accelerates deforestation for economic growth
B. It has no impact on climate resilience
C. It promotes conservation and responsible use of land resources
D. It contributes to soil degradation
99. How does Ethiopia's green economy strategy address the challenges of water scarcity and
promote efficient water use?
A. Encouraging wasteful water practices
B. Ignoring water-related challenges
C. Implementing water-efficient agricultural practices and technologies
D. Disregarding the importance of sustainable water management
100. What is the significance of Ethiopia's emphasis on climate-resilient infrastructure as part of
its green economy strategy?
A. It increases vulnerability to climate impacts
B. It promotes deforestation
C. It improves the country's ability to withstand and recover from climate-related events
D. It has no impact on climate resilience
101. Which of the following is a key element in Ethiopia's green economy strategy to enhance
energy efficiency and reduce emissions?

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 A. Expanding the use of fossil fuels C.Ignoring renewable energy sources
B. Promoting energy-efficient technologies and practices D.Relying solely on non-
renewable energy
102. In the context of Ethiopia's green economy, what is the role of sustainable transport
initiatives?
A. Increasing reliance on high-emission vehicles
B. Promoting public transportation and low-emission vehicles
C. Ignoring the need for sustainable transport
D. Encouraging deforestation for road construction
103. How does Ethiopia's green economy strategy address the importance of biodiversity
conservation?
A. Implementing measures to conserve and protect biodiversity
B. Ignoring the significance of biodiversity
C. Encouraging deforestation for economic gain
D. Promoting practices that harm ecosystems
104. What is the primary goal of Ethiopia's green economy strategy regarding economic growth
and climate resilience?
A. Achieving sustainable economic growth while building climate resilience
B. Promoting unsustainable economic growth
C. Ignoring the link between economic growth and climate resilience
D. Relying on non-renewable resources for economic development
105. How does Ethiopia's green economy strategy address the challenges of climate-induced
migration and displacement?
A. Implementing measures to address and mitigate climate-induced migration
B. Ignoring the impacts of climate change on migration
C. Promoting practices that lead to displacement
D. Encouraging vulnerable populations to remain in high-risk areas
106. Which of the following is one of the key pillars of Ethiopia's CRGE strategy that focuses on
improving agricultural practices and productivity?
A. Forest Protection B. Livestock and Fisheries C. Power Generation D. Sustainable
Land Management
107. What does the "Forest Protection" pillar of Ethiopia's CRGE strategy aim to achieve?
A. Encouraging deforestation C. Expanding forest coverage and biodiversity
B. Ignoring climate change impacts D. Increasing greenhouse gas emissions

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108. Which sector is addressed by the "Sustainable Land Management" pillar in Ethiopia's
CRGE strategy?
A. Power Generation B. Agriculture C. Livestock and Fisheries D. Industry
109. What is the focus of the "Power Generation" pillar in Ethiopia's CRGE strategy?
A. Promoting the use of fossil fuels C. Increasing renewable energy capacity
B. Expanding deforestation initiatives D. Ignoring climate change risks
110. How does Ethiopia's CRGE strategy address the "Urbanization and Infrastructure" pillar?
A. By promoting unsustainable urban development
B. By ignoring climate change impacts on infrastructure
C. By integrating climate resilience into urban planning and infrastructure development
D. By encouraging deforestation for infrastructure projects
111. What role does the "Transport" pillar play in Ethiopia's CRGE strategy?
A. Encouraging high-emission transportation
B. Ignoring climate change impacts on transportation
C. Promoting sustainable and low-emission transportation
D. Expanding deforestation for transportation projects
112. Which pillar of Ethiopia's CRGE strategy focuses on enhancing resilience in the water
sector and managing water resources sustainably?
A. Forest Protection C. Livestock and Fisheries
B. Water, Irrigation, and Energy D. Sustainable Land Management
113. How does the "Industry" pillar contribute to Ethiopia's CRGE strategy?
A. By promoting high-emission industrial activities
B. By ignoring climate change risks in the industrial sector
C. By encouraging deforestation for industrial projects
D. By promoting sustainable and low-emission industrial practices
114. In Ethiopia's CRGE strategy, what is the overarching objective of integrating climate
resilience into different sectors?
A. To increase vulnerability to climate change
B. To achieve economic growth at the expense of the environment
C. To promote deforestation initiatives
D. To build a climate-resilient and green economy for sustainable development
115. What are the three main pillars of Ethiopia's Climate-Resilient Green Economy (CRGE)
strategy?
A. Environmental Conservation, Energy Independence, Economic Growth

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 B. Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity Protection, Carbon Emission Reduction
C. Adaptation, Mitigation, and Sustainable Development
D. Reforestation, Industrial Expansion, Renewable Energy
116. Which pillar of Ethiopia's CRGE focuses on building resilience to the impacts of climate
change
A. Adaptation B. Sustainable Development C.Mitigation D. Reforestation
117. What does the Mitigation pillar of Ethiopia's CRGE primarily aim to achieve?
A. Enhancing agricultural productivity C. Expanding industrial activities
B. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions D. Promoting renewable energy
118. In the context of Ethiopia's CRGE, what does the Sustainable Development pillar
encompass?
A. Economic growth without environmental considerations
B. Ensuring social and economic benefits while maintaining environmental
sustainability
C. Isolating economic activities from environmental concerns
D. Reforestation initiatives for economic development
119. What role does the Reforestation initiative play within the CRGE framework in Ethiopia?
A. Economic development C. Expanding urban areas
B. Carbon sequestration and ecosystem restoration D. Biodiversity conservation
120. What is the overall objective of Ethiopia's CRGE strategy?
A. To ignore climate change impacts
B. To promote industrialization without considering environmental sustainability
C. To achieve middle-income status by any means necessary
D. To build a climate-resilient green economy while addressing poverty and promoting
sustainable development
121. How does Ethiopia's CRGE approach the issue of energy within its pillars?
A. Increasing dependence on fossil fuels C. Promoting renewable energy sources
B. Expanding coal-fired power plants D. Ignoring the energy sector
122. How does Ethiopia's CRGE contribute to poverty reduction and economic growth?
A. By prioritizing large-scale industrial projects
B. By focusing on short-term economic gains without considering environmental impacts
C. By promoting sustainable practices that provide social and economic benefits
D. By ignoring poverty reduction and economic growth in favor of environmental
conservation

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123. What are the main pillars of Ethiopia's climate-resilient green economy strategy?
A. Industrialization and urbanization C. Fossil fuel extraction and consumption
B. Agriculture and forestry D. Increased carbon emissions
124. How does Ethiopia aim to promote sustainable water resource management as part of its
green economy strategy?
A. By increasing water pollution
B. By ignoring water scarcity issues
C. By enhancing water use efficiency and conservation
D. By promoting wasteful water consumption
125. Which approach is integral to Ethiopia's green economy strategy to address environmental
challenges and promote sustainability?
A. Integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation
B. Promoting deforestation
C. Encouraging unsustainable agricultural practices
D. Ignoring the role of environmental conservation
126. What is the role of the private sector in Ethiopia's green economy strategy?
A. Encouraging private investment and innovation for sustainable development
B. Exclusively relying on government initiatives
C. Discouraging private investment in green technologies
D. Ignoring the contribution of the private sector
127. How does Ethiopia aim to address biodiversity conservation as part of its green economy
strategy?
A. Integrating biodiversity conservation into land-use planning and management
B. Encouraging activities leading to biodiversity loss
C. Ignoring the importance of biodiversity conservation
D. Promoting deforestation
128. Which of the following is a key feature of Ethiopia's green economy strategy aimed at
poverty reduction and social inclusivity?
A. Social exclusion and inequality
B. Economic growth without social considerations
C. Prioritizing the well-being of marginalized communities
D. Ignoring the role of social factors in sustainable development
129. What is the primary goal of sustainable development?
A. Economic growth at any cost

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 B. Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs
C. Exploiting natural resources for short-term gains
D. Ignoring social and environmental considerations
130. What role does equity play in the concept of sustainable development?
A. Ignoring the distribution of resources and benefits
B. Prioritizing benefits for a select few
C. Ensuring fair distribution of resources and benefits among all people
D. Focusing only on economic growth
131. How does the concept of intergenerational equity relate to sustainable development?
A. It prioritizes the interests of the current generation over future generations
B. It emphasizes the responsible use of resources to ensure the well-being of future
generations
C. It disregards the needs and concerns of future generations
D. It promotes unsustainable practices for short-term gains
132. How does the concept of resilience apply to sustainable development?
A. Ignoring the need for adaptability and flexibility
B. Prioritizing short-term stability over long-term adaptability
C. Emphasizing the ability to bounce back from shocks and stresses
D. Disregarding the importance of social considerations
133. How does the concept of sustainable development view the relationship between economic
growth and environmental conservation?
A. Economic growth should take precedence over environmental conservation
B. Economic growth and environmental conservation are mutually exclusive
C. Economic growth and environmental conservation should be balanced for long-
term well-being
D. Ignoring the economic aspects and focusing solely on environmental conservation
134. What is the primary goal of sustainable development?
A. Rapid economic growth at any cost
B. Balancing economic, social, and environmental considerations for long-term well-
being
C. Ignoring social and environmental factors in favor of economic progress
D. Achieving short-term economic gains without considering future consequences
135. What are the three main pillars of sustainable development?

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 A. Economic growth, political stability, and technological innovation
B. Economy, ecology, and education
C. Environment, society, and economy
D. Urbanization, industrialization, and globalization
136. How does sustainable development address the issue of poverty?
A. By ignoring poverty alleviation efforts
B. By promoting unequal economic growth
C. By integrating economic development with poverty reduction
D. Poverty is not considered in the context of sustainable development
137. What is the significance of the Brundtland Report in the context of sustainable
development?
A. It promotes unsustainable development practices
B. It introduced the concept of sustainable development and defined it as "development
that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs"
C. It emphasizes economic growth without considering environmental and social factors
D. It discourages international cooperation for sustainable development
138. How does sustainable development relate to cultural diversity?
A. It ignores cultural diversity in favor of economic homogeneity
B. It recognizes the importance of cultural diversity and seeks to preserve it
C. Cultural diversity is irrelevant to sustainable development
D. It promotes cultural assimilation for the sake of economic progress
139. Which of the following best describes the time frame considered in sustainable
development?
A. Short-term gains without long-term considerations
B. Medium-term goals with limited future planning
C. Long-term well-being with a focus on future generations
D. Immediate economic growth at any cost
140. Which of the following is a potential conflict associated with resource use policies?
A. Sustainable development and resource conservation
B. Economic growth and social equity
C. Environmental protection and renewable energy
D. Economic growth and environmental degradation

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141. How do resource use policies contribute to the prevention of overexploitation of natural
resources?
A. By promoting unrestricted resource extraction
B. By implementing conservation measures and sustainable management practices
C. By disregarding environmental concerns
D. By ignoring the concept of carrying capacity
142. What role do international agreements play in addressing conflicts related to resource use
policies?
A. They exacerbate conflicts by favoring certain countries over others
B. They provide a framework for global cooperation on sustainable resource
management
C. They have no impact on resource use conflicts
D. They prioritize economic growth over environmental concerns
143. How do resource use policies address the issue of social equity in resource distribution?
A. By favoring certain social groups over others
B. By promoting unequal access to resources
C. By emphasizing fair and inclusive resource distribution
D. By ignoring social considerations
144. How can conflicts over water resources be addressed through resource use policies?
A. By prioritizing water consumption for specific industries
B. By promoting unsustainable water extraction
C. By implementing water management strategies and equitable distribution
D. By ignoring the importance of water conservation
145. What is the primary goal of sustainable resource use policies?
A. To exploit resources without restrictions
B. To maximize short-term economic gains
C. To balance resource extraction with environmental conservation
D. To ignore environmental considerations for economic growth
146. What role does governmental regulation play in resource use policies?
A. hinders economic growth and resource utilization
B. ensures sustainable and responsible resource use
C. irrelevant to resource use policies
D. focuses solely on maximizing resource extraction
147. How do property rights influence resource use policies and potential conflicts?

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 A. Property rights have no impact on resource use policies
B. Well-defined property rights can prevent conflicts over resource use
C. Undefined property rights lead to sustainable resource management
D. Property rights encourage unrestricted resource exploitation
148. What is a common cause of conflicts related to resource use policies?
A. Strict environmental regulations C. Unsustainable resource extraction practices
B. Lack of governmental intervention D. Ignoring property rights
149. How can transparency in natural resource governance contribute to sustainable
development?
A. By keeping resource management decisions confidential
B. By excluding local communities from decision-making processes
C. By providing information and involving stakeholders in decision-making
D. Transparency has no impact on sustainable development
150. What role does community engagement play in effective natural resource governance?
A. Ignoring the concerns and rights of local communities
B. Prioritizing external corporations over local community interests
C. Involving and considering the input of local communities in decision-making
D. Excluding local communities from resource management discussions
151. What is the purpose of establishing protected areas and reserves in the governance of
natural resources?
A. To facilitate unrestricted resource extraction
B. To promote biodiversity conservation and ecosystem protection
C. To ignore the significance of protected areas
D. To exclude local communities from resource-rich areas
152. How can natural resource governance contribute to poverty reduction?
A. By prioritizing the interests of external corporations over local communities
B. By excluding local communities from decision-making processes
C. By ensuring that benefits from resource extraction are equitably distributed among
communities
D. By promoting unchecked resource exploitation
153. .What is a key principle of indigenous conflict resolution?
A. Retribution B. Isolation C. Restoration D. Exclusion
154. In many indigenous communities, conflict resolution often involves:
A. Punitive measures C. Collective responsibility

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 B. Individual blame D. Legal intervention
155. Which of the following is a common method used in indigenous conflict resolution?
A. Arbitration B. Adversarial litigation C. Mediation D. Imposition
156. What role does community elders typically play in indigenous conflict resolution?
A. Enforcers of punishment C. Advocates for one party
B. Decision-makers D. Isolation advocates
157. Indigenous conflict resolution processes often prioritize:
A. Individual rights C. Legal documentation
B. Community harmony d. External intervention
158. The concept of "circle justice" in indigenous conflict resolution refers to:
A. Closed-door negotiations C. A circular seating arrangement during discussions
B. Inclusive community decision-making circles D. Hierarchical decision-making structures
159. Indigenous conflict resolution often involves traditional ceremonies to:
A. Celebrate conflict C. Facilitate healing and reconciliation
B. Reinforce hierarchy D. Exclude certain parties
160. What is the significance of storytelling in indigenous conflict resolution?
A. Entertainment value C. Historical documentation
B. Communicating perspectives and building understanding D.Diverting attention from the
conflict
161. What is a common feature of indigenous conflict resolution processes?
A. Formal court trials C. International arbitration
B. Mediation by community elders D. Police intervention
162. In many indigenous cultures, who often plays a crucial role in resolving conflicts within the
community?
A. Government officials B. Community elders C. Religious leaders D. Foreign diplomats
163. How can a rapidly growing population impact a country's economic development?
A. Accelerates economic growth due to increased labor force
B. Slows down economic development by creating labor shortages
C. Has no impact on economic development
D. Enhances economic stability through reduced demand for resources
164. What is the demographic transition, and how does it relate to socio-economic development?
A. A decline in population with no relevance to development
B. A model describing the shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death
rates, associated with development

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 C. A sudden increase in population leading to economic prosperity
D. A concept unrelated to population dynamics and development
165. How does the age structure of a population impact its potential for socio-economic
development?
A. A younger population contributes positively to development
B. An aging population hinders economic growth
C. Both younger and aging populations have similar impacts on development
D. The age structure of the population has no relevance to development
166. How does urbanization contribute to socio-economic development?
A. Urbanization has no impact on development
B. By concentrating poverty and limiting economic opportunities
C. By fostering economic activities, job opportunities, and infrastructure development
D. By promoting rural development and agricultural growth
167. How do improvements in healthcare and education contribute to socio-economic
development?
A. By enhancing human capital, productivity, and economic well-being
B. They have no impact on development
C. By reducing the labor force and hindering economic growth
D. By increasing dependency on social services and impeding economic progress
168. Why is achieving a balance between population growth and resources essential for
sustainable development?
A. Population growth has no relation to sustainable development
B. To ensure resources are distributed equally among all nations
C. To avoid overexploitation of resources and environmental degradation
D. To encourage unlimited population growth for economic growth
169. What term is used to describe the uneven economic development between different regions
or countries?
A. Economic equilibrium B. Economic disparity C. Growth harmony D. Balanced prosperity
170. In the context of economic growth, what does the term "disparities" refer to?
A. Equal distribution of wealth C. Differences in economic development and prosperity
B. Uniform growth rates across regions D. Consistent poverty reduction
171. Which factor is likely to contribute to regional economic imbalances?
A. Strong regional collaboration C. Unequal access to education and resources
B. Equitable resource distribution D. Balanced infrastructure development

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172. What is a consequence of regional growth imbalances within a country?
A. Enhanced overall economic stability C. Reduction in income inequality
B. Disparities in living standards among regions D. Uniform distribution of resources
173. How can regional growth imbalances affect social dynamics?
A. Strengthening social cohesion
B. Fostering equal opportunities for all
C. Creating regional disparities in education and healthcare
D. Encouraging uniform cultural practices
174. What is a potential challenge of uneven regional growth for national governments?
A. Efficient resource allocation C. Ease of governance
B. Addressing regional disparities and discontent D. Enhanced national unity
175. What is a consequence of growth imbalances between developed and developing countries on
the global scale?
A. Global economic equality C. Narrowing of the wealth gap
B. Global poverty and inequality D. Harmonious international relations
176. How can international collaboration address the growth imbalance between countries?
A. Aggressive competition for resources C. Protectionist trade policies
B. Fair trade practices and development aid D. Isolationist economic strategies
177. How can international collaboration address the growth imbalance between countries?
A. Aggressive competition for resources C. Protectionist trade policies
B. Fair trade practices and development aid D. Isolationist economic strategies
178. How does population growth impact environmental health?
A. Population growth has no impact on the environment.
B. Population growth can lead to increased resource consumption and environmental
degradation.
C. Population growth always results in sustainable environmental practices.
D. Population growth only affects urban environments.
179. What is a potential consequence of rapid urbanization on environmental health?
A. Improved air and water quality
B. Increased green spaces in urban areas
C. Elevated pollution levels and reduced biodiversity
D. Preservation of natural ecosystems
180. How does population density relate to resource utilization and environmental impact?
A. Higher population density always leads to sustainable resource utilization.

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 B. Lower population density results in increased environmental impact.
C. Higher population density can strain resources and increase environmental impact.
D. Population density has no influence on resource utilization.
181. What role can sustainable resource management play in mitigating the environmental impact
of population growth?
A. Sustainable resource management has no impact on environmental health.
B. It can help ensure equitable distribution of resources and reduce environmental
degradation.
C. Sustainable resource management only benefits urban environments.
D. It accelerates resource depletion.
182. How does the size of the global population contribute to climate change?
A. large populations have no impact on climate change.
B. Small populations contribute significantly to climate change.
C. Large populations can exacerbate climate change through increased carbon emissions.
D. Population size has no correlation with environmental issues.
183. How can population-related policies contribute to addressing climate change?
A. By ignoring the relationship between population and climate change.
B. By promoting sustainable practices, family planning, and population stabilization.
C. By encouraging unchecked population growth.
D. Population-related policies have no impact on climate change.
184. How does rapid population growth impact the demand for natural resources?
A. Decreases resource demand C. Increases pressure on natural resources
B. Has no impact on resource demand D. Promotes sustainable resource management
185. What is a common environmental challenge associated with rapid urbanization and
population density in cities?
A. Increased air and water pollution C. Decreased air pollution
B. Enhanced biodiversity D. Improved waste management
186. How can large population sizes contribute to climate change?
A. By promoting sustainable practices C.Through reduced carbon emissions
B. By increasing demand for energy and resources D. By minimizing agricultural impact
187. How does population growth affect biodiversity and ecosystems?
A. Promotes biodiversity conservation
B. Has no impact on ecosystems
C. Increases the risk of habitat destruction and speciesextinction

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 D. Accelerates ecosystem regeneration
188. What role does responsible resource management play in mitigating the impact of
population growth on the environment?
A. Aggravates environmental degradation
B. Exacerbates resource scarcity
C. Promotes sustainable development and conservation
D. Ignores the need for conservation effort
189. What is a primary measure to control population growth by empowering individuals and
families?
A. Promoting family planning and education
B. Increasing child labor
C. Implementing compulsory military service
D. Discouraging access to healthcare
190. How can government policies contribute to population control?
A. Through the implementation of family planning programs and policies
B. By promoting unlimited reproduction
C. By providing incentives for larger families
D. By restricting access to education
191. What measure aims to provide individuals with access to reproductive health services?
A. Limiting access to healthcare facilities
B. Encouraging early and unplanned pregnancies
C. Promoting abstinence-only education
D. Ensuring widespread access to family planning services
192. How does promoting gender equality contribute to population control?
A. By empowering women with education and economic opportunities
B. By reinforcing traditional gender roles
C. Through policies that limit women's access to education and employment
D. By restricting women's reproductive rights
193. Which of the following is a measure aimed at curbing population growth?
A. Providing incentives for larger families
B. Promoting comprehensive sex education
C. Ignoring family planning programs
D. Discouraging the use of contraceptives

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194. What is a common method used to promote family planning and control population
growth?
A. Restricting access to contraceptives
B. Advocating for larger families
C. Implementing policies that discourage education
D. Providing access to affordable contraceptives and reproductive health services
195. How can education contribute to population control?
A. By empowering individuals with knowledge to make informed decisions about family
size
B. By promoting misinformation and myths about family planning
C. By discouraging awareness about reproductive health
D. By ignoring the importance of education in population management
196. What is the role of government policies in population control?
A. Enforcing policies that support family planning and reproductive health
B. Encouraging uncontrolled population growth
C. Implementing policies that restrict access to family planning services
D. Avoiding any involvement in population-related matters
197. What is the significance of economic development in population control efforts?

A. Economic development can contribute to reduced fertility rates through improved living
standards
B. Economic development has no impact on population growth
C. Higher economic development always leads to population increase
D. Economic development encourages larger family sizes

198. What is one of the primary methods used for family planning to control population growth?
A. Encouraging early marriages C. Promoting fertility treatments
B. Providing access to contraception D. Discouraging education about reproductive health
199. How can education contribute to controlling population growth?
A. By discouraging awareness programs
B. By promoting education on reproductive health and family planning
C. By limiting access to information about family planning
D. By ignoring the importance of educational initiatives
200. What role can government policies play in addressing population growth?
A. Encouraging high birth rates

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 B. Promoting policies that incentivize smaller family sizes
C. Implementing policies that restrict access to family planning services
D. Ignoring the need for population-related policies
201. How do accessible healthcare services contribute to population control?
A. By limiting access to healthcare services
B. By discouraging family planning within healthcare systems
C. By ignoring the health needs of the population
D. By promoting comprehensive healthcare, including family planning services
202. How can promoting gender equality contribute to controlling population growth?
A. By reinforcing traditional gender roles
B. By limiting women's access to education and employment
C. By ignoring gender-related issues in population management
D. By empowering women through education and economic opportunities
203. How can international cooperation contribute to effective population control measures?
A. By promoting uncoordinated population growth globally
B. By ignoring the need for collaborative efforts
C. By isolating nations from global population-related challenges
D. By fostering international collaboration and knowledge sharing on population control
strategies
204. What is the primary goal of population policies?
A. To control and manage population growth C.To encourage unrestricted population growth
B. To promote gender inequality D. To discourage family planning service
205. What role do incentives play in population policies?
A. To encourage smaller family sizes and responsible family planning
B. To penalize families with fewer children
C. To discourage the use of contraceptives
D. To promote unrestricted population growth
206. Why might some countries implement pro-natalist policies?
A. To promote larger family sizes and higher birth rates
B. To control and reduce population growth
C. To encourage family planning
D. To implement strict population control measures
207. What is the primary goal of population policies implemented by governments?
A. Promoting sustainable population growth and development

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 B. Encouraging unrestricted population growth
C. Discouraging access to family planning services
D. Ignoring the demographic challenges faced by a country
208. How do healthcare services contribute to effective population policies?
A. By promoting comprehensive healthcare, including family planning services
B. By limiting access to healthcare services
C. By discouraging family planning within healthcare systems
D. By ignoring the health needs of the population
209. According to the Demographic Transition Theory, what happens to birth and death rates as
societies undergo economic and social development?
A. Birth rates increase, while death rates decrease.
B. Both birth and death rates increase.
C. Both birth and death rates decrease.
D. Birth rates decrease, while death rates increase.
210. Suggesting that population growth would outstrip the availability of resources?
A. Karl MarxB) B Thomas Malthus C. Adam Smith D. John Maynard Keynes

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