Entropy change

Isentropic flow

1 / 16
2 / 16
Compressible flow relations:

3 / 16
4 / 16
5 / 16
Relations for oblique shocks velocities:

6 / 16
7 / 16
8 / 16
 940
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TA B LE A – 1
Molar mass, gas constant, and ideal-gas specfic heats of some substances
Specific Heat Data at 258C
Molar Mass Gas Constant
Substance M, kg /kmol R, kJ/kg·K* cp, kJ/kg·K cv, kJ/kg·K k 5 cp /cv
Air 28.97 0.2870 1.005 0.7180 1.400
Ammonia, NH3 17.03 0.4882 2.093 1.605 1.304
Argon, Ar 39.95 0.2081 0.5203 0.3122 1.667
Bromine, Br2 159.81 0.05202 0.2253 0.1732 1.300
Isobutane, C4H10 58.12 0.1430 1.663 1.520 1.094
n-Butane, C4H10 58.12 0.1430 1.694 1.551 1.092
Carbon dioxide, CO2 44.01 0.1889 0.8439 0.6550 1.288
Carbon monoxide, CO 28.01 0.2968 1.039 0.7417 1.400
Chlorine, Cl2 70.905 0.1173 0.4781 0.3608 1.325
Chlorodifluoromethane (R-22), CHClF2 86.47 0.09615 0.6496 0.5535 1.174
Ethane, C2H6 30.070 0.2765 1.744 1.468 1.188
Ethylene, C2H4 28.054 0.2964 1.527 1.231 1.241
Fluorine, F2 38.00 0.2187 0.8237 0.6050 1.362
Helium, He 4.003 2.077 5.193 3.116 1.667
n-Heptane, C7H16 100.20 0.08297 1.649 1.566 1.053
n-Hexane, C6H14 86.18 0.09647 1.654 1.558 1.062
Hydrogen, H2 2.016 4.124 14.30 10.18 1.405
Krypton, Kr 83.80 0.09921 0.2480 0.1488 1.667
Methane, CH4 16.04 0.5182 2.226 1.708 1.303
Neon, Ne 20.183 0.4119 1.030 0.6180 1.667
Nitrogen, N2 28.01 0.2968 1.040 0.7429 1.400
Nitric oxide, NO 30.006 0.2771 0.9992 0.7221 1.384
Nitrogen dioxide, NO2 46.006 0.1889 0.8060 0.6171 1.306
Oxygen, O2 32.00 0.2598 0.9180 0.6582 1.395
n-Pentane, C5H12 72.15 0.1152 1.664 1.549 1.074
Propane, C3H8 44.097 0.1885 1.669 1.480 1.127
Propylene, C3H6 42.08 0.1976 1.531 1.333 1.148
Steam, H2O 18.015 0.4615 1.865 1.403 1.329
Sulfur dioxide, SO2 64.06 0.1298 0.6228 0.4930 1.263
Tetrachloromethane, CCl4 153.82 0.05405 0.5415 0.4875 1.111
Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), C2H2F4 102.03 0.08149 0.8334 0.7519 1.108
Trifluoroethane (R-143a), C2H3F3 84.04 0.09893 0.9291 0.8302 1.119
Xenon, Xe 131.30 0.06332 0.1583 0.09499 1.667

* The unit kJ/kg·K is equivalent to kPa·m3/kg·K. The gas constant is calculated from R 5 Ru /M, where Ru 5 8.31447 kJ/kmol·K is the universal gas constant
and M is the molar mass.
Source: Specific heat values are obtained primarily from the property routines prepared by The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),
Gaithersburg, MD.

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 948
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TAB LE A – 9
Properties of air at 1 atm pressure
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl
Temp. Density Heat cp Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number
T, 8C r, kg/m3 J/kg·K k, W/m·K a, m2/s m, kg/m·s n, m2/s Pr
2150 2.866 983 0.01171 4.158 3 1026 8.636 3 1026 3.013 3 1026 0.7246
2100 2.038 966 0.01582 8.036 3 1026 1.189 3 1026 5.837 3 1026 0.7263
250 1.582 999 0.01979 1.252 3 1025 1.474 3 1025 9.319 3 1026 0.7440
240 1.514 1002 0.02057 1.356 3 1025 1.527 3 1025 1.008 3 1025 0.7436
230 1.451 1004 0.02134 1.465 3 1025 1.579 3 1025 1.087 3 1025 0.7425
220 1.394 1005 0.02211 1.578 3 1025 1.630 3 1025 1.169 3 1025 0.7408
210 1.341 1006 0.02288 1.696 3 1025 1.680 3 1025 1.252 3 1025 0.7387
0 1.292 1006 0.02364 1.818 3 1025 1.729 3 1025 1.338 3 1025 0.7362
5 1.269 1006 0.02401 1.880 3 1025 1.754 3 1025 1.382 3 1025 0.7350
10 1.246 1006 0.02439 1.944 3 1025 1.778 3 1025 1.426 3 1025 0.7336
15 1.225 1007 0.02476 2.009 3 1025 1.802 3 1025 1.470 3 1025 0.7323
20 1.204 1007 0.02514 2.074 3 1025 1.825 3 1025 1.516 3 1025 0.7309
25 1.184 1007 0.02551 2.141 3 1025 1.849 3 1025 1.562 3 1025 0.7296
30 1.164 1007 0.02588 2.208 3 1025 1.872 3 1025 1.608 3 1025 0.7282
35 1.145 1007 0.02625 2.277 3 1025 1.895 3 1025 1.655 3 1025 0.7268
40 1.127 1007 0.02662 2.346 3 1025 1.918 3 1025 1.702 3 1025 0.7255
45 1.109 1007 0.02699 2.416 3 1025 1.941 3 1025 1.750 3 1025 0.7241
50 1.092 1007 0.02735 2.487 3 1025 1.963 3 1025 1.798 3 1025 0.7228
60 1.059 1007 0.02808 2.632 3 1025 2.008 3 1025 1.896 3 1025 0.7202
70 1.028 1007 0.02881 2.780 3 1025 2.052 3 1025 1.995 3 1025 0.7177
80 0.9994 1008 0.02953 2.931 3 1025 2.096 3 1025 2.097 3 1025 0.7154
90 0.9718 1008 0.03024 3.086 3 1025 2.139 3 1025 2.201 3 1025 0.7132
100 0.9458 1009 0.03095 3.243 3 1025 2.181 3 1025 2.306 3 1025 0.7111
120 0.8977 1011 0.03235 3.565 3 1025 2.264 3 1025 2.522 3 1025 0.7073
140 0.8542 1013 0.03374 3.898 3 1025 2.345 3 1025 2.745 3 1025 0.7041
160 0.8148 1016 0.03511 4.241 3 1025 2.420 3 1025 2.975 3 1025 0.7014
180 0.7788 1019 0.03646 4.593 3 1025 2.504 3 1025 3.212 3 1025 0.6992
200 0.7459 1023 0.03779 4.954 3 1025 2.577 3 1025 3.455 3 1025 0.6974
250 0.6746 1033 0.04104 5.890 3 1025 2.760 3 1025 4.091 3 1025 0.6946
300 0.6158 1044 0.04418 6.871 3 1025 2.934 3 1025 4.765 3 1025 0.6935
350 0.5664 1056 0.04721 7.892 3 1025 3.101 3 1025 5.475 3 1025 0.6937
400 0.5243 1069 0.05015 8.951 3 1025 3.261 3 1025 6.219 3 1025 0.6948
450 0.4880 1081 0.05298 1.004 3 1024 3.415 3 1025 6.997 3 1025 0.6965
500 0.4565 1093 0.05572 1.117 3 1024 3.563 3 1025 7.806 3 1025 0.6986
600 0.4042 1115 0.06093 1.352 3 1024 3.846 3 1025 9.515 3 1025 0.7037
700 0.3627 1135 0.06581 1.598 3 1024 4.111 3 1025 1.133 3 1024 0.7092
800 0.3289 1153 0.07037 1.855 3 1024 4.362 3 1025 1.326 3 1024 0.7149
900 0.3008 1169 0.07465 2.122 3 1024 4.600 3 1025 1.529 3 1024 0.7206
1000 0.2772 1184 0.07868 2.398 3 1024 4.826 3 1025 1.741 3 1024 0.7260
1500 0.1990 1234 0.09599 3.908 3 1024 5.817 3 1025 2.922 3 1024 0.7478
2000 0.1553 1264 0.11113 5.664 3 1024 6.630 3 1025 4.270 3 1024 0.7539

Note: For ideal gases, the properties cp, k, m, and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties r, n, and a at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are deter-
mined by multiplying the values of r at the given temperature by P and by dividing n and a by P.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Keenan, Chao, Keyes, Gas Tables, Wiley, 198; and
Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 3: Thermal Conductivity, Y. S. Touloukian, P. E. Liley, S. C. Saxena, Vol. 11: Viscosity, Y. S. Touloukian, S. C. Saxena,
and P. Hestermans, IFI/Plenun, NY, 1970, ISBN 0-306067020-8.

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 949
APPENDIX 1

T A B LE A – 1 0
Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl
Temp. Density Heat cp Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number
T, 8C r, kg/m3 J/kg·K k, W/m·K a, m2/s m, kg/m·s n, m2/s Pr
Carbon Dioxide, CO2
250 2.4035 746 0.01051 5.860 3 1026 1.129 3 1025 4.699 3 1026 0.8019
0 1.9635 811 0.01456 9.141 3 1026 1.375 3 1025 7.003 3 1026 0.7661
50 1.6597 866.6 0.01858 1.291 3 1025 1.612 3 1025 9.714 3 1026 0.7520
100 1.4373 914.8 0.02257 1.716 3 1025 1.841 3 1025 1.281 3 1025 0.7464
150 1.2675 957.4 0.02652 2.186 3 1025 2.063 3 1025 1.627 3 1025 0.7445
200 1.1336 995.2 0.03044 2.698 3 1025 2.276 3 1025 2.008 3 1025 0.7442
300 0.9358 1060 0.03814 3.847 3 1025 2.682 3 1025 2.866 3 1025 0.7450
400 0.7968 1112 0.04565 5.151 3 1025 3.061 3 1025 3.842 3 1025 0.7458
500 0.6937 1156 0.05293 6.600 3 1025 3.416 3 1025 4.924 3 1025 0.7460
1000 0.4213 1292 0.08491 1.560 3 1024 4.898 3 1025 1.162 3 1024 0.7455
1500 0.3025 1356 0.10688 2.606 3 1024 6.106 3 1025 2.019 3 1024 0.7745
2000 0.2359 1387 0.11522 3.521 3 1024 7.322 3 1025 3.103 3 1024 0.8815
Carbon Monoxide, CO
250 1.5297 1081 0.01901 1.149 3 1025 1.378 3 1025 9.012 3 1026 0.7840
0 1.2497 1048 0.02278 1.739 3 1025 1.629 3 1025 1.303 3 1025 0.7499
50 1.0563 1039 0.02641 2.407 3 1025 1.863 3 1025 1.764 3 1025 0.7328
100 0.9148 1041 0.02992 3.142 3 1025 2.080 3 1025 2.274 3 1025 0.7239
150 0.8067 1049 0.03330 3.936 3 1025 2.283 3 1025 2.830 3 1025 0.7191
200 0.7214 1060 0.03656 4.782 3 1025 2.472 3 1025 3.426 3 1025 0.7164
300 0.5956 1085 0.04277 6.619 3 1025 2.812 3 1025 4.722 3 1025 0.7134
400 0.5071 1111 0.04860 8.628 3 1025 3.111 3 1025 6.136 3 1025 0.7111
500 0.4415 1135 0.05412 1.079 3 1024 3.379 3 1025 7.653 3 1025 0.7087
1000 0.2681 1226 0.07894 2.401 3 1024 4.557 3 1025 1.700 3 1024 0.7080
1500 0.1925 1279 0.10458 4.246 3 1024 6.321 3 1025 3.284 3 1024 0.7733
2000 0.1502 1309 0.13833 7.034 3 1024 9.826 3 1025 6.543 3 1024 0.9302
Methane, CH4
250 0.8761 2243 0.02367 1.204 3 1025 8.564 3 1026 9.774 3 1026 0.8116
0 0.7158 2217 0.03042 1.917 3 1025 1.028 3 1025 1.436 3 1025 0.7494
50 0.6050 2302 0.03766 2.704 3 1025 1.191 3 1025 1.969 3 1025 0.7282
100 0.5240 2443 0.04534 3.543 3 1025 1.345 3 1025 2.567 3 1025 0.7247
150 0.4620 2611 0.05344 4.431 3 1025 1.491 3 1025 3.227 3 1025 0.7284
200 0.4132 2791 0.06194 5.370 3 1025 1.630 3 1025 3.944 3 1025 0.7344
300 0.3411 3158 0.07996 7.422 3 1025 1.886 3 1025 5.529 3 1025 0.7450
400 0.2904 3510 0.09918 9.727 3 1025 2.119 3 1025 7.297 3 1025 0.7501
500 0.2529 3836 0.11933 1.230 3 1024 2.334 3 1025 9.228 3 1025 0.7502
1000 0.1536 5042 0.22562 2.914 3 1024 3.281 3 1025 2.136 3 1024 0.7331
1500 0.1103 5701 0.31857 5.068 3 1024 4.434 3 1025 4.022 3 1024 0.7936
2000 0.0860 6001 0.36750 7.120 3 1024 6.360 3 1025 7.395 3 1024 1.0386
Hydrogen, H2
250 0.11010 12635 0.1404 1.009 3 1024 7.293 3 1026 6.624 3 1025 0.6562
0 0.08995 13920 0.1652 1.319 3 1024 8.391 3 1026 9.329 3 1025 0.7071
50 0.07603 14349 0.1881 1.724 3 1024 9.427 3 1026 1.240 3 1024 0.7191
100 0.06584 14473 0.2095 2.199 3 1024 1.041 3 1025 1.582 3 1024 0.7196
150 0.05806 14492 0.2296 2.729 3 1024 1.136 3 1025 1.957 3 1024 0.7174
200 0.05193 14482 0.2486 3.306 3 1024 1.228 3 1025 2.365 3 1024 0.7155
300 0.04287 14481 0.2843 4.580 3 1024 1.403 3 1025 3.274 3 1024 0.7149
400 0.03650 14540 0.3180 5.992 3 1024 1.570 3 1025 4.302 3 1024 0.7179
500 0.03178 14653 0.3509 7.535 3 1024 1.730 3 1025 5.443 3 1024 0.7224
1000 0.01930 15577 0.5206 1.732 3 1023 2.455 3 1025 1.272 3 1023 0.7345
1500 0.01386 16553 0.6581 2.869 3 1023 3.099 3 1025 2.237 3 1023 0.7795
2000 0.01081 17400 0.5480 2.914 3 1023 3.690 3 1025 3.414 3 1023 1.1717
(Continued)

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 950
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TAB LE A – 1 0
Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure (Continued)
Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl
Temp. Density Heat cp Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number
T, 8C r, kg/m3 J/kg·K k, W/m·K a, m2/s m, kg/m·s n, m2/s Pr
Nitrogen, N2
250 1.5299 957.3 0.02001 1.366 3 1025 1.390 3 1025 9.091 3 1026 0.6655
0 1.2498 1035 0.02384 1.843 3 1025 1.640 3 1025 1.312 3 1025 0.7121
50 1.0564 1042 0.02746 2.494 3 1025 1.874 3 1025 1.774 3 1025 0.7114
100 0.9149 1041 0.03090 3.244 3 1025 2.094 3 1025 2.289 3 1025 0.7056
150 0.8068 1043 0.03416 4.058 3 1025 2.300 3 1025 2.851 3 1025 0.7025
200 0.7215 1050 0.03727 4.921 3 1025 2.494 3 1025 3.457 3 1025 0.7025
300 0.5956 1070 0.04309 6.758 3 1025 2.849 3 1025 4.783 3 1025 0.7078
400 0.5072 1095 0.04848 8.727 3 1025 3.166 3 1025 6.242 3 1025 0.7153
500 0.4416 1120 0.05358 1.083 3 1024 3.451 3 1025 7.816 3 1025 0.7215
1000 0.2681 1213 0.07938 2.440 3 1024 4.594 3 1025 1.713 3 1024 0.7022
1500 0.1925 1266 0.11793 4.839 3 1024 5.562 3 1025 2.889 3 1024 0.5969
2000 0.1502 1297 0.18590 9.543 3 1024 6.426 3 1025 4.278 3 1024 0.4483
Oxygen, O2
250 1.7475 984.4 0.02067 1.201 3 1025 1.616 3 1025 9.246 3 1026 0.7694
0 1.4277 928.7 0.02472 1.865 3 1025 1.916 3 1025 1.342 3 1025 0.7198
50 1.2068 921.7 0.02867 2.577 3 1025 2.194 3 1025 1.818 3 1025 0.7053
100 1.0451 931.8 0.03254 3.342 3 1025 2.451 3 1025 2.346 3 1025 0.7019
150 0.9216 947.6 0.03637 4.164 3 1025 2.694 3 1025 2.923 3 1025 0.7019
200 0.8242 964.7 0.04014 5.048 3 1025 2.923 3 1025 3.546 3 1025 0.7025
300 0.6804 997.1 0.04751 7.003 3 1025 3.350 3 1025 4.923 3 1025 0.7030
400 0.5793 1025 0.05463 9.204 3 1025 3.744 3 1025 6.463 3 1025 0.7023
500 0.5044 1048 0.06148 1.163 3 1024 4.114 3 1025 8.156 3 1025 0.7010
1000 0.3063 1121 0.09198 2.678 3 1024 5.732 3 1025 1.871 3 1024 0.6986
1500 0.2199 1165 0.11901 4.643 3 1024 7.133 3 1025 3.243 3 1024 0.6985
2000 0.1716 1201 0.14705 7.139 3 1024 8.417 3 1025 4.907 3 1024 0.6873
Water Vapor, H2O
250 0.9839 1892 0.01353 7.271 3 1026 7.187 3 1026 7.305 3 1026 1.0047
0 0.8038 1874 0.01673 1.110 3 1025 8.956 3 1026 1.114 3 1025 1.0033
50 0.6794 1874 0.02032 1.596 3 1025 1.078 3 1025 1.587 3 1025 0.9944
100 0.5884 1887 0.02429 2.187 3 1025 1.265 3 1025 2.150 3 1025 0.9830
150 0.5189 1908 0.02861 2.890 3 1025 1.456 3 1025 2.806 3 1025 0.9712
200 0.4640 1935 0.03326 3.705 3 1025 1.650 3 1025 3.556 3 1025 0.9599
300 0.3831 1997 0.04345 5.680 3 1025 2.045 3 1025 5.340 3 1025 0.9401
400 0.3262 2066 0.05467 8.114 3 1025 2.446 3 1025 7.498 3 1025 0.9240
500 0.2840 2137 0.06677 1.100 3 1024 2.847 3 1025 1.002 3 1024 0.9108
1000 0.1725 2471 0.13623 3.196 3 1024 4.762 3 1025 2.761 3 1024 0.8639
1500 0.1238 2736 0.21301 6.288 3 1024 6.411 3 1025 5.177 3 1024 0.8233
2000 0.0966 2928 0.29183 1.032 3 1023 7.808 3 1025 8.084 3 1024 0.7833

Note: For ideal gases, the properties cp, k, m, and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties r, n, and a at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are
determined by multiplying the values of r at the given temperature by P and by dividing n and a by P.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.

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 953
APPENDIX 1

k11 TABLE A–13

Ma* 5 Ma
Å 2 1 (k 2 1)Ma2 One-dimensional isentropic compressible flow functions for an ideal
A 1 2 k21 0.5(k 11)/(k 21) gas with k 5 1.4
5 ca b a1 1 Ma2bd
A* Ma k 1 1 2 Ma Ma* A/A* P/P0 r/r0 T/T0
P k21 2k/(k 21)
0 0 ` 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
5 a1 1 Ma2 b
P0 2 0.1 0.1094 5.8218 0.9930 0.9950 0.9980
0.2 0.2182 2.9635 0.9725 0.9803 0.9921
r k21 21/(k 21)
5 a1 1 Ma2 b 0.3 0.3257 2.0351 0.9395 0.9564 0.9823
r0 2 0.4 0.4313 1.5901 0.8956 0.9243 0.9690
T k21 21 0.5 0.5345 1.3398 0.8430 0.8852 0.9524
5 a1 1 Ma2 b 0.6 0.6348 1.1882 0.7840 0.8405 0.9328
T0 2
0.7 0.7318 1.0944 0.7209 0.7916 0.9107
0.8 0.8251 1.0382 0.6560 0.7400 0.8865
0.9 0.9146 1.0089 0.5913 0.6870 0.8606
1.0 1.0000 1.0000 0.5283 0.6339 0.8333
1.2 1.1583 1.0304 0.4124 0.5311 0.7764
1.4 1.2999 1.1149 0.3142 0.4374 0.7184
1.6 1.4254 1.2502 0.2353 0.3557 0.6614
1.8 1.5360 1.4390 0.1740 0.2868 0.6068
2.0 1.6330 1.6875 0.1278 0.2300 0.5556
2.2 1.7179 2.0050 0.0935 0.1841 0.5081
2.4 1.7922 2.4031 0.0684 0.1472 0.4647
2.6 1.8571 2.8960 0.0501 0.1179 0.4252
2.8 1.9140 3.5001 0.0368 0.0946 0.3894
3.0 1.9640 4.2346 0.0272 0.0760 0.3571
5.0 2.2361 25.000 0.0019 0.0113 0.1667
~ 2.2495 ~ 0 0 0

3.0

A/A*

2.5
Compressible flow functions

2.0
Ma*

1.5

1.0

T/T0
0.5

r/r*
P/P0
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Ma

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 954
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

T01 5 T02
TABLE A–14
(k 2 1)Ma21 1 2
Ma2 5 One-dimensional normal shock functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4
Å 2kMa21 2 k 1 1
Ma1 Ma2 P2/P1 r2/r1 T2/T1 P02/P01 P02/P1
P2 1 1 kMa21 2kMa21 2 k 1 1
5 5 1.0 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.8929
P1 1 1 kMa22 k11
1.1 0.9118 1.2450 1.1691 1.0649 0.9989 2.1328
r2 P2 /P1 (k 1 1)Ma21 V1 1.2 0.8422 1.5133 1.3416 1.1280 0.9928 2.4075
5 5 5
r1 T2 /T1 2 1 (k 2 1)Ma21 V2 1.3 0.7860 1.8050 1.5157 1.1909 0.9794 2.7136
1.4 0.7397 2.1200 1.6897 1.2547 0.9582 3.0492
T2 2 1 Ma21(k 2 1) 1.5 0.7011 2.4583 1.8621 1.3202 0.9298 3.4133
5
T1 2 1 Ma22(k 2 1) 1.6 0.6684 2.8200 2.0317 1.3880 0.8952 3.8050
1.7 0.6405 3.2050 2.1977 1.4583 0.8557 4.2238
P02 Ma1 1 1 Ma22(k 2 1)/2 (k 11)/[2(k 21)]
5 c d 1.8 0.6165 3.6133 2.3592 1.5316 0.8127 4.6695
P01 Ma2 1 1 Ma21(k 2 1)/2 1.9 0.5956 4.0450 2.5157 1.6079 0.7674 5.1418
P02 (1 1 kMa21)[1 1 Ma22(k 2 1)/2] k/(k21) 2.0 0.5774 4.5000 2.6667 1.6875 0.7209 5.6404
5 2.1 0.5613 4.9783 2.8119 1.7705 0.6742 6.1654
P1 1 1 kMa22
2.2 0.5471 5.4800 2.9512 1.8569 0.6281 6.7165
2.3 0.5344 6.0050 3.0845 1.9468 0.5833 7.2937
2.4 0.5231 6.5533 3.2119 2.0403 0.5401 7.8969
2.5 0.5130 7.1250 3.3333 2.1375 0.4990 8.5261
2.6 0.5039 7.7200 3.4490 2.2383 0.4601 9.1813
2.7 0.4956 8.3383 3.5590 2.3429 0.4236 9.8624
2.8 0.4882 8.9800 3.6636 2.4512 0.3895 10.5694
2.9 0.4814 9.6450 3.7629 2.5632 0.3577 11.3022
3.0 0.4752 10.3333 3.8571 2.6790 0.3283 12.0610
4.0 0.4350 18.5000 4.5714 4.0469 0.1388 21.0681
5.0 0.4152 29.000 5.0000 5.8000 0.0617 32.6335
` 0.3780 ` 6.0000 ` 0 `

5.0

P02 /P1 P2/P1

4.0
r2 /r1
Normal shock functions

3.0
T2 /T1

2.0

1.0
Ma2

P02 /P01
0
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Ma1

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 955
APPENDIX 1

T0 (k 1 1)Ma2 [2 1 (k 2 1)Ma2] T A BL E A – 1 5
5
T 0* (1 1 kMa2)2
Rayleigh flow functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4
P0 k11 2 1 (k 2 1)Ma2 k/(k 21)
5 a b Ma T0/T 0* P0/P 0* T/T * P/P * V/V*
P*0 1 1 kMa 2
k11
T Ma(1 1 k) 2 0.0 0.0000 1.2679 0.0000 2.4000 0.0000
5 a b 0.1 0.0468 1.2591 0.0560 2.3669 0.0237
T* 1 1 kMa2
0.2 0.1736 1.2346 0.2066 2.2727 0.0909
P 11k 0.3 0.3469 1.1985 0.4089 2.1314 0.1918
5
P* 1 1 kMa2 0.4 0.5290 1.1566 0.6151 1.9608 0.3137
V r* (1 1 k)Ma2 0.5 0.6914 1.1141 0.7901 1.7778 0.4444
5 5 0.6 0.8189 1.0753 0.9167 1.5957 0.5745
V* r 1 1 kMa2
0.7 0.9085 1.0431 0.9929 1.4235 0.6975
0.8 0.9639 1.0193 1.0255 1.2658 0.8101
0.9 0.9921 1.0049 1.0245 1.1246 0.9110
1.0 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1.2 0.9787 1.0194 0.9118 0.7958 1.1459
1.4 0.9343 1.0777 0.8054 0.6410 1.2564
1.6 0.8842 1.1756 0.7017 0.5236 1.3403
1.8 0.8363 1.3159 0.6089 0.4335 1.4046
2.0 0.7934 1.5031 0.5289 0.3636 1.4545
2.2 0.7561 1.7434 0.4611 0.3086 1.4938
2.4 0.7242 2.0451 0.4038 0.2648 1.5252
2.6 0.6970 2.4177 0.3556 0.2294 1.5505
2.8 0.6738 2.8731 0.3149 0.2004 1.5711
3.0 0.6540 3.4245 0.2803 0.1765 1.5882

3.5
P0 /P0*

3.0

2.5
Rayleigh flow functions

2.0

V/V*
1.5

1.0
T0 /T 0*

0.5
T/T *

P/P*
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Ma

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 956
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

T0 5 T 0* TABLE A–16
P0 r0 1 2 1 (k 2 1)Ma2 (k11)/2(k 21)
5 5 a b Fanno flow functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4
P*
0
r*
0
Ma k11
Ma P0/P 0* T/T * P/P* V/V* fL*/D
T k11
5 0.0 ` 1.2000 ` 0.0000 `
T* 2 1 (k 2 1)Ma2
1/2
0.1 5.8218 1.1976 10.9435 0.1094 66.9216
P 1 k11 0.2 2.9635 1.1905 5.4554 0.2182 14.5333
5 a b
P* Ma 2 1 (k 2 1)Ma2 0.3 2.0351 1.1788 3.6191 0.3257 5.2993
0.4 1.5901 1.1628 2.6958 0.4313 2.3085
V r* k11 1/2
5 5 Ma a b 0.5 1.3398 1.1429 2.1381 0.5345 1.0691
V* r 2 1 (k 2 1)Ma 2
0.6 1.1882 1.1194 1.7634 0.6348 0.4908
fL* 1 2 Ma2 k11 (k 1 1)Ma2 0.7 1.0944 1.0929 1.4935 0.7318 0.2081
5 1 ln 0.8 1.0382 1.0638 1.2893 0.8251 0.0723
D kMa 2
2k 2 1 (k 2 1)Ma2
0.9 1.0089 1.0327 1.1291 0.9146 0.0145
1.0 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.0000
1.2 1.0304 0.9317 0.8044 1.1583 0.0336
1.4 1.1149 0.8621 0.6632 1.2999 0.0997
1.6 1.2502 0.7937 0.5568 1.4254 0.1724
1.8 1.4390 0.7282 0.4741 1.5360 0.2419
2.0 1.6875 0.6667 0.4082 1.6330 0.3050
2.2 2.0050 0.6098 0.3549 1.7179 0.3609
2.4 2.4031 0.5576 0.3111 1.7922 0.4099
2.6 2.8960 0.5102 0.2747 1.8571 0.4526
2.8 3.5001 0.4673 0.2441 1.9140 0.4898
3.0 4.2346 0.4286 0.2182 1.9640 0.5222

3.0

P0 /P 0*

2.5

2.0
Fanno flow functions

V/V *

1.5

1.0

T/T *

0.5

fL*/D P/P*
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Ma

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