Debating Tournament for Schools

2017
CONTENTS
The Rules of the Competition 3 Debating Manual 8
……………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………….…
Dates and number of participants What is a debate?
……………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………….
Team structure and requirements Persuasion
……………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………….
Rounds, motions, points and winners
Preparing for a debate
…………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………….……
Judges
Organising the team’s speeches
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….….….
Debate structure
Speaker roles
…………………………………………………………………….
Points of information ………………………………………………………………..….

……………………………………………………………………. Defining the motion

Room layout …………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………. Listening and responding

Penalization …………………………………………………………….….….
…………………………………………………………………… Expression and delivery
Scores ………………………………………………………………..….
…………………………………………………………………….
Example of evaluation pattern Appendix 18
……………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………..
Walkover of teams withdrawing from Appendix I - Vocabulary
the Tournament
…………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………….. Appendix II - Judging
……………………………………………………………………
The rules of the competition

Dates and number of participants

• The tournament will take place on four dates.

Saturday, Sept. 30th, from 8.45 am to 1.15 pm

Saturday, Oct. 14th from 8.45 am to 1.15 pm
Saturday, Nov. 4th from 8.30 am to 1.30 pm
Saturday, Nov. 11th from 8.30 am to 2.15 pm

• Ahead of the initial debate rounds, there will be a draw to assign each school
a letter. This will determine their opponents for the five preliminary rounds.
• The results will determine a ranking. By the end of the five preliminary
rounds the first 8 teams will pass to the quarter finals.
• Semi-finals and finals will be determined by winning or losing debates.

Team structure and requisites

• Each school must have a coach who must be an adult in charge of training
the team, representing the school and taking responsibility for the school’s
students.
• Each team can bring up to 10 students that can enter the preparation room at
a time.
• Only three of the ten students can speak in each debate. It is up to the
coach to decide which students will debate each time.
• Each team will be composed of three speakers, one of whom speaks twice.
• The only persons who may speak during the debate are the three students
registered for the debate by the school’s coach.
• However, if during the debate a speaker declares that they are unable to
make the speech, another speaker can take his/her place. The judges must
give the minimum points to the speech, notwithstanding its quality.
• The points earned by the replacement speech cannot be counted as part of
the team’s total points in the determination of ranking or prizes.
• All speakers must be regular pupils of the competing schools studying
between 8th and 12th grade (8° a 4° medio).
• There will be two teams in each debate, a proposition team who must support
the motion, and an opposition team who must oppose the motion.
• The whole team must use the school’s uniform. Those schools that do not
use a uniform must wear formal clothing and use some kind of distinctive
mark (credential, card, same colored clothing, etc.).
Rounds, motions, points and winners

• The preliminary round consists of five debates, two on the first date, two on
the second date, and one in the third date.
• Three of these debates will have prepared motions, two will be impromptu.
• The prepared motions will be chosen by a sub-committee of the Executive
Committee of ESU Chile
• The motions will be sent to all participating schools on the Monday of the
week prior to the debate.
• The remaining debates will be impromptu: the teams will be given the motion
60 minutes before the time for the debate.
• Up to 10 students will be able to prepare along with their coach. The teams
can only use an English-English dictionary and an Almanac, but no other
form of research material. The use of Internet and smart phones is strictly
forbidden.
• The winner of each debate will be the team that obtains the highest scores,
adding the individual scores of its speakers, in both form and content, and the
points obtained by the team for the quality of its role in the discussion.
• The school that wins a debate will earn 3 points. The school that loses will
earn 0 points. If there happened to be a draw, each school would obtain 1
point.
• At the end of the fifth debate, the eight schools that end in the first eight
places of the ranking will pass to the quarterfinals. The points accumulated
by winning debates will define the ranking in the first place. If there is a tie,
the school that passes to the next phase will be the one with the highest
scores when adding the speaker points given by the judges in each debate.
• In order to determine the first, second, third and fourth places in the
Tournament, the final round will consist of a debate between the two losers of
the previous round and a debate between the two winners of the previous
round.

Judges

• One or two judges will evaluate each debate. The values of the criteria used
for the debates are explained below.
• The judges will evaluate the teams with the utmost seriousness and
objectivity. Thus, the judges’ decision, in each debate, is final and definitive.
• The organizers reserve the right to take decisions in the case of exceptions or
unforeseen situations that may arise during the Tournament.

The ESU Tournament will follow the format used in the World Schools
Debating Championship, with slight modifications in order to adapt it to the reality of
Chilean high schools.
Debate structure

• Each team will have three speakers per side

• After the first three speakers of both teams have spoken, there are two
summary speeches.
• The opposition gives the first summary speech, and the proposition closes
with its own summary speech.
• The first or second speaker of each team must give the summary speech.
• During the four preliminary rounds, each one of the first three speeches
will last 5 minutes, while each summary speech will last 3 minutes.
• On the third date (rounds 5 and quarterfinals) and all subsequent
debates, the three first speeches will last 8 minutes, while each
summary speech will last 4 minutes.

Points of Information

• During the first three speeches the opposing team can, and should, make
Points of Information (POIs).
• POIs can be made after the first minute has passed, and until the fourth
minute is over.
• There are no POIs during the summary speeches.
• POIs must be no longer than 15 seconds, and must be a short comment or
question only. Debaters may not engage in a dialogue.
• Speakers may accept or reject POIs at any given time.
• It is suggested that each speaker offer between one and three POIs during
each of the opposing team’s speeches.
• Each team should accept at least two POIs in each speech. Otherwise, the
speaker can lose points.
• The answer to a POI must earn points in the speaker’s speech evaluation.

Penalization

There are different types of possible sanctions:

• Warnings: The chairperson will warn the team or speaker of any kind of
conscious or unconscious action that disrupts the debate. It is simply an oral
warning.

• Serious sanctions: Up to twenty points can be discounted if a team or a

member of a team:
- is up to 10 minutes late
- makes an extremely noticeable mistake in the use of language
- makes any kind of body gesture as a form of pressure or insult
- Extends its presentation beyond the given time
- Reads in an obvious way

• Severe sanctions: Up to seventy points can be discounted if a team or a

member of a team:
- Interrupts in a clearly intentional way during the other team’s time
- Adopts a clearly unacceptable attitude that shows lack of respect to the
opposing team, the judges, public or organization
- If a team is discovered to having used Internet or any other kind of support
not considered in the rules of the competition.
 • Automatic disqualification:
- This applies if a team or one of its members is over 20 minutes late
- If a team is grossly disrespectful towards the other team, the judges, the
public or its own team members, in such a way that both judges agree that
disqualification applies.

Scores

• Each speech must be evaluated applying value to content, style and speaker
strategy.
• There will be an additional value assigned to team strategy.
• The summary speech has half the score of the first three speeches.
• The judges must evaluate on an official scoring sheet.
• If an argument is weak, it must be evaluated accordingly to this even if the
other team doesn’t mention this weakness
• Judges must not be influenced by their personal beliefs or knowledge when
evaluating an argument´s strength or weakness.

• Content
- Is everything that the speaker uses in his/her speech to sustain the
team’s position in relation to a motion, especially the arguments and
the facts to sustain these arguments.
- Content has to be logical, make sense, be ordered in a clearly
understandable way and be delivered in a sequence that helps build a
case

• Style
- Is the way in which the speaker communicates, both verbally and non
verbally.
- Judges must allow different pronunciations, accents, styles and
terminologies during the debate, as long as the language is correct
and what is said is understood.
- Debaters must not be penalized for the use of flash cards, folders or
other type of notes if they are used from time to time;
- However, speakers may not read their speeches at any point

• Strategy
- Is whether the speaker understands correctly the debate motion
- Shows good structure and time management
- The speaker that answers weakly important topics must be evaluated
THEMES DATESwith a low score for the content, but could be well evaluated in
There are two themes: the theme for national competitions strategy
The deadline for submittingsince theyforms
preliminary registration are
is two distinct and independent criteria.
and the theme for the international competition. This year’s Friday 3 February 2017. The preliminary registration forms
theme for national competitions is “Peace is not an absence of should be completed by national competition organisers.
war” and may be used for national public speaking The deadline for submitting participant information forms
competitions. This year’s theme for the prepared speech • Team Strategy
and accompanying guest information forms is Friday 17
heats of the international competition is “To define is to limit”. March 2017. Information forms should be completed by
Those advancing to the IPSC final will be asked to give the - Shows that there is team coordination and that each speaker knows
participants and accompanying guests. The deadline for
speech on “Peace is not an absence of war”. paying the registration fee is Tuesday 2 May 2017.
what has happened before and what will happen next.
The IPSC programme will run from Monday 8 May 2017
- to theShows
evening of Fridaythat the team members are able to rebuild a case, re-state and
12 May 2017.

redefine a motion if necessary, make and take POIs in a way that

strengthens the team and weakens the opponent’s position, etc.
 • Each judge must evaluate independently and fill in the evaluation sheet
individually.
• Once the judges have conferred, they should give a short summary and
feedback to the debating teams. The feedback must outline the reasons why
a team won, and comment on meaningful elements of the debate, such as
style and the debaters’ techniques.
• The feedback should be constructive and positive

Guide for evaluation pattern:

• Speeches

Standard Total Style Conten Strateg

(/100) (/40) t y
(/40) (/20)

Exceptional 80 32 32 16
Excellent 76-79 31 31 15-16

Extremely good 74-75 30 30 15

Very good 71-73 29 29 14-15

Good 70 28 28 14
Satisfactory 67-69 27 27 13-14

Competent 65-66 26 26 13

Acceptable 61-64 25 25 12-13

Needs t o 60 24 24 12
improve

• Summary speech points

Standards Total Style Conten Strateg

(/50) (/20) t y
(/20) (/10)

Exceptional 40 16 16 8

V e r y g o o d t o 3 6 - 3 15 15 7.5
excellent 9
Good 35 14 14 7

A c c e p t a b l e t o 3 1 - 3 13 13 6.5
satisfactory 4

Needs to improve 30 12 12 6
Walkovers and teams withdrawing from the Tournament

• The vacancy produced by a school that pulls out can be filled by a school on
the waiting list or by a ‘B’ team.
• Once the Tournament has begun, if a school pulls out, the opponent will win
the debate by walkover, obtaining the debate’s 3 points. However, the
organization may form a ‘B’ team so that the debate takes place anyway.

• The winning school will receive a score equivalent to the highest score
obtained by another school of the same group in that debate.
• If a school arrives more than 20 minutes late to a debate, or does not appear
for it, the opposing team wins the debate, obtaining the 3 points assigned to
the winner.

Debating Manual

What is a debate?

A debate is a formal discussion between people who are expressing opposing views
with the aim of persuading an audience to agree with them. Debates are a common
ingredient in many of the decision-making structures of democracies such as
courtrooms, public meetings, academic conferences, parliaments and legislative
chambers, etc.

Modern schools’ debating in most countries is therefore loosely modelled on

parliaments, and is called ‘parliamentary’ style debating. It contains the following
essential elements:
• an agreed motion for debate – a proposal or belief that can either
be endorsed or rejected;
• two sides to argue for and against the proposed motion
• rules to ensure fairness, such as a prescribed number of speakers
on each side; a fixed time allocation for each speaker; and a fixed
order of speaking;
• a neutral chairperson or speaker to enforce the rules and a
timekeeper
• a notional ‘audience’ who must take the decision to endorse or
reject the motion – in competitions this notional audience is
represented by judges who assess how persuasive the teams
have been.
Persuasion

The aim of a debate speech is to persuade people (either the audience or judges
representing the audience) to agree with your side of the motion. Persuasion relies
on four things, which are also the categories that we use to judge a debate:

Reasoning and Evidence

A persuasive speaker:
• justifies his/her point of view with several reasons
• presents his/her reasons simply and clearly in a way the people listening can
easily understand
• backs up his/her reasons with evidence of different types, including facts,
examples and comparisons
• explains how his/her evidence supports her reasons
• shows how her reasons are relevant and link back to his/her point of view

Organisation and Prioritisation

A persuasive speaker:
• chooses the most important reasons to support his/her point of view
• spends more time on the most important reasons and less time on the less
important ones
• can quickly summarise the main reasons to support his/her view
• presents his/her reasons in clear well-structured order, with similar reasons
grouped together
• is easy to follow because he/she explains the structure of his/her speech

Listening and Responding

A persuasive speaker:
• listens carefully to other people’s points of view
• responds to opposing points of view by showing why he/she disagrees
• can ask challenging questions
• works with other people who share his/her point of view, by supporting what
they have said
• can identify the main disagreements between different speakers and can
explain who the people listening should agree with

Expression and Delivery

A persuasive speaker:
• is confident in what he/she has to say, and does not just read from notes
• speaks clearly, slowly and loudly
• is interesting to listen to because he/she varies the tone and volume of his/
her voice and uses pauses
• uses whole body to support points through gestures and the expression on
face
• chooses words and structure of sentences carefully
Preparing for a debate

Coming up with reasons

The first step when preparing for a debate is to come up with reasons for why your
team is right. This is something that can be done as a whole class in school, or just
with the team.

Brainstorming
First of all, get the pupils to quietly think of as many reasons as they can,
independently. The pupils should be encouraged to write down anything that comes
to mind, however weak a reason it seems or however little support they have for it.
You could give the pupils self-adhesive paper squares which they can later stick to
the wall or ask the team to write their ideas on a board or a large sheet of paper.

Research
When everybody has thought of, and written down, all the reasons that they can think
of the pupils should be encouraged to read up about the topic, either in the school
library or on the internet. Concentrate on journalism rather than textbooks or
encyclopaedias – newspaper articles and websites are more likely to contain ideas
for arguments and the types of evidence that are useful in debates. At this stage
more reasons may occur to the pupils – they should be added to the wall/board/
sheet.

Grouping reasons
When all the reasons that the pupils can think of are displayed where they can be
easily seen (don’t worry at this stage if more than one person has written the same
reason – this is very likely to happen and probably indicates that it is a good reason)
try to group together those arguments that are similar. Have the pupils discuss which
reasons belong with which others, and which reasons seem doubtful or weak. If they
cannot find much supporting evidence for a particular argument, or if it seems to
contradict a stronger reason, it can be removed or crossed out.

When this process is complete you should a have a few (perhaps two, three or four)
broad groups of reasons to support your team’s point of view, each containing a few
more specific, related reasons. At the moments, these reasons are just assertions –
that is, opinions without any explanation or proof. The next step of preparation is to
turn these reasons into arguments.

Making reasons into arguments

An argument is more than just a reason – it also provides us with some kind of
illustration of that reason; an explanatory process showing how the illustration proves
the reason; and it tell us why this reason is a good one for persuading our audience
to support our team’s point of view. We can represent all these things with the
acronym REAL, which will help us to ensure we have all four parts of an argument –
our reason, some evidence for that reason, an analysis of our evidence, and a link to
the motion. E.g.:
• This House would • This House would • This House
make summer ban boxing believes children
holidays shorter should be allowed
to vote.

Reason: Give the audience your reason in one sentence

• School summer • We should ban • Children should not

holidays are too boxing because it be allowed to work
long because is a very dangerous because they are
children forget what sport not responsible
they have learnt. enough

Evidence: Describe supporting facts, examples, comparisons

• Most teachers • For instance, Mike • Children aren’t

report having to Tyson once bit off a even allowed to
spend a lot of time piece of an decide what time to
revising old opponent’s ear go to bed
material each year

Analysis: Show how you evidence supports your reason

• This illustrates how • Clearly, this kind of • This shows we

the summer holiday danger is much don’t trust children
creates a gap in worse than you to make important
children’s learning face playing other choices for
sports themselves

Link: Link the reason back to your point of view

• School is all about • If we don’t want decisions, so how

learning, so the people getting hurt, can we trust them
year should be we need to ban with the vote?
designed not to boxing
disrupt that • We don’t trust
children with big
Organising the team’s speeches

Once all of our arguments are REAL we have to divide them up between the
members of the team. Try the following tips:
• Put your strongest arguments first
• Make sure that each of the first three speakers has an argument of their own
• Put your arguments in a logical order, so that the earlier ones support the
later ones

Once the team has a structure, each speech should also have a clear internal
structure:

1. Introduction – State speaker’s name if it has not been announced, state what
motion and side the speaker is discussing. Define terms in order to clarify
what the discussion will be about.
2. State problem and explain solution – This is the proposition’s job. The
opposition must fine-tune the definition (if necessary), agree or disagree with
the problem and the solution.
3. Internal preview – a brief description of the arguments that will be made by
the speakers during their speech.
4. Rebuttal – (This does not apply to first speaker of proposition). This is where
the speaker should try to respond to the arguments made by the previous
speaker and defend the arguments of his/her team mates.
5. Arguments – each of the arguments should be fully explained and developed
in turn, and related to the ones given before or that will be given later by the
team.
6. Internal conclusion – a brief review of the arguments that have been made by
the speaker during speech, and a quick reference to what the team will do in
the next speeches.
7. Conclusion – a summary of why the speech as a whole has supported the
side of the motion being argued for and why it is better than the other team’s
stance.

In addition to the general structure of a speech, each speaker also has a special role
to perform in the debate:
 Speaker roles
to the evening of Friday 12 May 2017.
The IPSC programme will run from Monday 8 May 2017
Speaker Role
speech on “Peace is not an absence of war”. paying the registration fee is Tuesday 2 May 2017.
First Proposition
Those advancing to the IPSC final will be asked to give the
Define the motion.
participants and accompanying guests. The deadline for
heats of the international competition is “To define is to limit”. Outline the Information
March 2017. main principles
forms shouldofbethe proposition’s
completed by case.
competitions. This year’s theme for the prepared speech and accompanying
Explain the mostguest informationarguments
important forms is Friday 17
of the team.
war” and may be used for national public speaking The deadline for
Summarize submitting
what has participant
been said, information
and whatforms the team will
theme for national competitions is “Peace is not an absence of should be completed by national competition organisers.
and the theme for the international competition. This year’s
do.Friday 3 February 2017. The preliminary registration forms
There are two themes: the theme for national competitions The deadline for submitting preliminary registration forms is
First Opposition Challenge the definition if necessary and present an
THEMES DATES definition.
alternative
Challenge the problem and/or solution, if necessary.
Sometimes, present a counterplan.
Identify the parts of the proposition’s case that are most
important to disprove (rebuttal).
Present the most important independent arguments for
the opposition.
Summarize what has been done in the speech and what
will be done by the team.
Second Proposition Deal with the definition if it has been challenged.
Respond to the opposition’s case (rebut).
Continue with the proposition’s case, as outlined by the
first speaker, adding and developing new arguments.
Summarize what has been done in the speech and what
will be done by the team.

Second Opposition Deal with the definition if it is still in issue.

Respond to the proposition’s case (rebut).
Continue with the opposition’s case as outlined by the first
speaker, adding more arguments.
Summarize what has been done in the speech and what
will be done by the team.
Third Proposition Respond to the opposition’s case (rebut).
Summarise the arguments of the proposition.
Show the areas of clashes that have arisen, and
reinforces why the proposition team’s arguments are
stronger.

Third Opposition Respond to the proposition’s case (rebut).

Summarise the arguments of the opposition.
Show the areas of clashes that have arisen, and
reinforces why the opposition team’s arguments are
stronger.
 Summary speakers (Fourth speakers) – This speaker must summarize what actually
happened during the debate.

• The most basic summary speech will just remind the audience of the team’s
main arguments.
• A better summary speech should include lots of rebuttal of the other team’s
arguments.
• An excellent summary speech should show how the arguments of the two
teams come together, for example by explaining the three main areas of
disagreement between the teams, and show why the own team’s arguments
are stronger.

THEMES DATES
There are two themes: the theme for national competitions The deadline for submitting preliminary registration forms is
and the theme for the international competition. This year’s Friday 3 February 2017. The preliminary registration forms
theme for national competitions is “Peace is not an absence of should be completed by national competition organisers.
war” and may be used for national public speaking The deadline for submitting participant information forms
competitions. This year’s theme for the prepared speech and accompanying guest information forms is Friday 17
heats of the international competition is “To define is to limit”. March 2017. Information forms should be completed by
Those advancing to the IPSC final will be asked to give the participants and accompanying guests. The deadline for
speech on “Peace is not an absence of war”. paying the registration fee is Tuesday 2 May 2017.

The IPSC programme will run from Monday 8 May 2017

to the evening of Friday 12 May 2017.

3
 Defining the motion

The first speaker has a special job that no other speaker is able to do – he/she must
define the grounds for debate. This means explaining anything in the motion that is
vague, and if the motion calls for an action to be taken, to describe that action.
11
Sometimes, if the meaning of the motion is very obvious, it isn’t necessary to say
much in your definition. At other times it can help the debate enormously.

For example, if the motion were “This House believes that Chile should impose
sanctions on countries that abuse human rights” the first speaker would have to
explain two things: what sanctions are (they might include a trade embargo, ending
they are interested in.
diplomatic relations, a ban on arms sales – giving some examples makes it easier for
or subject area which they don’t know a lot about but which
the other team to understand the principle that is being proposed) and what sort of
balance between the two extremes; i.e. they choose a topic
countries
frustrating. wereasons,
For those consider to ‘abuse
speakers often try human
to strike a rights’ speakers
to a sufficient extentrefining
should consider (anytheir
human
topic. rights
abuses, such as those committed
their knowledge into a five-minute speech can be quite by the USA, UK, or Chile itself?; extensive human
speech. If such information requires elaborate explanation,
haverights abuses
very detailed likeof,those
knowledge committed
as the inability to get all in North Korea
required shouldand Burma?;
not take or acountries
up more than few sentences of the
somewhere
to avoid in between,
writing a speech like China?
on a topic or subject area that – again, Any
they examples
background, tocontextual
make clear the information
or technical area for
Expression
debate andare
Delivery. Conversely, many speakers also try
important).
speakers can’t hope to maximise their marks under daimyos suffered wrongly as a result of the restoration.
interested in. Enthusiasm is difficult to fabricate and
A definition exists to make it clearer to everyonewithout it those twoinvolved
descriptionswhat
or explanations
exactlytoisprove that the
being
a speech on a topic or subject area that they are not
involved – it must be made at the beginning of the debate to avoid a speaker saying of
then explain what a daimyo is, and then present analysis
Am I interested in the topic? – Speakers should never write begin by outlining the state of Japan before the restoration,
later in the debate, in response to a question or challenge from the other side, “sorry,
the daimyos’ in five minutes. The speaker would have to
what we meant to say was that we would only legalise cannabis for people over the
a topic: audience that ‘The Meiji Restoration in Japan was unfair on
age of 18, not for everyone”, or something For
Speakers should consider the following when choosing
similar. If such a statement becomes
example, it would probably be impossible to convince an
necessary than the proposition have probably not done their job of defining properly.
has been constructed in its entirety). accessible to the audience and the adjudicators.
It is against
researching or writing the processrules to define
(or indeed after theinspeech
such a waysignificant as to make amountyour job as toa make
of explanation proposition
the information
something that simply comes to the writer during the
easier – for example, by ruling out certain controversial cases from the area obscure or otherwise unfamiliar and would requireof
a
subject area and the theme. An interesting title is very often
debate. Definitions must be simple, fair and allow the maximum possible area for available? – Some topics or subject areas are particularly
learndebate,
more about), and then
whilst find a connection
creating the debate between
thatthat is the one Willthat
I be able to discuss
audience my topic in
expected tothe limited time
hear.
they already know a lot about or something they would like to
that they want to write a speech about first (either something ancillary knowledge of the issues is put to the test.
Always remember that your job as proposition is to prove the motion – make sure
that title. It is usually much more effective to choose a topic the question period when the speaker’s background or
that you have made arguments to support every part of your point of view that is
with the theme and then try to construct a speech around topic area is important; not only for the speech itself, but for
controversial, and make sure that you alwayslibrary,
Many speakers attempt to think of a title that is connected
carefully show how those arguments
the local library, the internet etc.). Researching the
support the motion. the resources available to them (the school or university
Choosing a topic and a title topic must be one which they can research effectively using
their arguments and persuade the audience. The speaker’s
speech title, is likelyand
Listening to beResponding
rewarded. Speakers will need a certain amount of evidence to support
interpretation of the theme, with an interesting or memorable Will I be able to research my topic effectively? –
based around the same theme, so an original or creative
Half of debating is making arguments to support your side of the motion. Therefore
adjudicators
the other will behalfhearing approximately 50
is responding tospeeches
the argumentsillegal made downloading.).
by the other side and trying to
Finally, speakers should remember that the audience and the few people are interested in until one considers its link to
show why the audience should not be persuaded by them.
Similarly, intellectual property law may be something that
THEMESrather than a topic they feel they shouldDATES speak on. be linked to the availability of teachers or hospital beds.
Arguments may be challenged in several different
none!), and should choose a topic they want to speak on,
ways:
audience members until one considers that the topic could
There are two themes: the theme for national competitions The deadline for submitting preliminary registration forms is
and the theme forguess any notional
the international ‘intention’
competition. behind theFriday
This year’s theme (there2017.
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demonstrating norelevance
evidence that
of their arguments
competitions. This year’s theme for the prepared speech and accompanying guest information forms is Friday 17
may not use the mobile
theme asphonesthe title ofdamage
heats of the international competition is “To define is to limit”.
their speech. yourThemeshealth” the speech. Speakers should try to make their speech more
March 2017. Information forms should be completed by
Those advancing Speakers •final will
to the IPSCmay interpret
askedthe
Isbethere notheme
to give in anyparticipants
evidence
the wayfortheythewish,
and but side?
other
accompanying to be
guests. interested
“The
The for in the
other
deadline side speaker’s
havetopic
not totaken
be persuaded
into by
speech on “Peace is not an absence of war”. paying the registration fee is Tuesday 2 May
The 2017.
audience and the adjudicators do not necessarily have
account the fact that a vegetarian diet actually contains less vitamin B12”
Interpreting • Is thetheir
themeevidence reliable? The IPSC programme“Their Will my topic
evidence
will run from Mondayis
capture the interest of the audience? –
based
8 May 2017 on one person’s story,
to the
which doesn’t prove evening
that of Friday 12 May
homework is 2017.
bad for your eyes”
GETTING STARTED

Prepared speeches

GUIDANCE FOR SPEAKERS

Is it a good reason?
• Is the reason relevant? “The fact that mobile phones are made in other
countries is not relevant to whether we should ban them”
• Is the reason important? “It is true that a vegetarian diet can be very colourful,
but that is not important when deciding what to eat”
• Are their reasons consistent? “You can’t say that homework unfairly
advantages some children and at the same time say that nobody ever
actually does it”

Are there other issues?

• Have they considered alternative solutions? “If phones are distracting in
school, you could just get pupils to turn them off in class, instead of banning
them”
• Have they considered how other groups might feel? “It’s wrong to become a
vegetarian so that farmers will suffer, when farmers are just trying to earn a
living”
• Have they considered all the consequences? “If you ban homework because
it is stressful, you will have to ban school altogether!”

Expression and Delivery

As well as having good arguments and responding to the other side a successful
debater needs to speak in an interesting and easily understood way. Think about four
elements of expression:

Body
• Use your hands to communicate with the audience by making gestures to
emphasize things, but don’t just wave them around!
• But don’t be afraid to move around during your speech, especially as your are
moving from one part of your speech to the next, but don’t rock from side to
side
• Stand in a way that makes you feel confident and comfortable

Voice
• Speak in a way that feels natural for you – you don’t need to put on a special
voice
• Don’t speak too fast, and try to vary the speed that you speak at
• Make sure you use pauses, especially between different parts of your speech
– don’t feel you need to say “umm” or “err” to fill the gap.
• Speak loudly enough that everyone in the room can hear you, but not too
loudly of you are in a small room!
• Vary the way you speak by using different tones: are you surprised? angry?
disappointed? excited?

Words
• Make sure you explain things clearly using words people can understand
• If you need to use any technical words explain what they mean
• Choose your words carefully to help support your side of the debate – is the
classroom “packed with rowdy screaming kids” or “full of happy excited
children”?
• Put your words together into interesting and memorable sentences
(sometimes this is called rhetoric); for example “one small step for a man, one
giant leap for mankind” (said by the first man to land on the moon).
Face and eyes
• The easiest way to keep the audience interested is to look them in the eye –
make sure you are looking at them and not at your notes
• Use the expression on your face to match what you are saying – if you are
using an angry tone of voice then your face needs to look angry too
• Don’t forget to smile at the audience sometimes – try to look like you’re
enjoying yourself!
Appendix I – Vocabulary

Motion
The topic for a debate that states a particular point of view, starting with the words
“This House.....”.

Proposition
The side who are in favour of the motion and want to persuade the audience to agree
with it.

Opposition
The side who are against the motion and want to persuade the audience to disagree
with it.

Chairperson
The person in charge of the debate who introduces the speakers and makes sure
everyone obeys the rules.
2

Timekeeper
The person who times the speeches and gives signals to show when the speaker
has one minute left, and when they have run out of speaking time.

Rebuttal
What you do when you respond to the other side’s arguments and show why you
disagree with them. THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING UNION
JANE EASTON, DIRECTOR-GENER AL,

The floor debate Thank you again for all your support.
The part of a debate when the audience get a chance to say what they think about
competitions which feed into the international final.
the issues. all international branches of the ESU and organisers
nisers of national
hard work and dedication this competition would
uld not be possible:
Summary speech I should like to take the opportunity to thank those
ose without whose
A speech that looks back on what happened in the debate and reminds the audience
and understanding that will last a lifetime.
of the main areas of disagreement.
from around the world have the opportunity to meet, engage, and form friendships
with confidence in public, but through the international final in London, students
students with an opportunity to develop the vital skills that enable them to speak
clearest manifestations of the goals of the ESU. Not only does the IPSC provide
IPSC involves 600,000 students in over 50 countries, and represents one of the
world. Administered by the International department at Dartmouth House, the
The IPSC, now in its 37th year, is the largest public speaking competition in the

exchange of ideas and opinions on an international scale.

to realise their full potential. These opportunities act as a platform to engage in an
build skills and confidence in communication, and give individuals the opportunity
languages and cultures. With the support of our worldwide membership we seek to
membership organisation that brings together and empowers people of different
The English-Speaking Union (ESU) is a unique global education charity and

International Public Speaking Competition (IPSC) 2017.

It is with great pleasure that I welcome you to the English-Speaking Union

WELCOME...
Appendix II - Judging

In order to guide your preparation, you might find these marking guidelines helpful:

Reasoning and Evidence

2/10 Presents at least one reason in support of the team’s point of view
WELCOME...
4/10 Presents several reasons of variable quality in support of the team’s point of
view and attempts to give evidence for some
6/10 Presents several reasons in support of her point of view and gives evidence for
It is with great pleasure that I welcome you to the English-Speaking Union
all of them International Public Speaking Competition (IPSC) 2017.
8/10 Presents several good reasons in support of her point of view with convincing
evidence and clear links The
to herEnglish-Speaking Union (ESU) is a unique global education charity and
team’s overall view
membership organisation that brings together and empowers people of different
10/10 Presents a compelling argument for her team to win, backing up he point with
languages and cultures. With the support of our worldwide membership we seek to
several very good reasons, in a clear, easy to understand way, with well explained,
build skills and confidence in communication, and give individuals the opportunity
convincing evidence andtoarealise
sound logical link to her team’s point of view
their full potential. These opportunities act as a platform to engage in an
exchange of ideas and opinions on an international scale.
Organisation and Prioritisation
2/10 Ideas are presentedThe IPSC, now in its 37th year, is the largest public speaking competition in the
sequentially
world. Administered by the International department at Dartmouth House, the
4/10 Shows awareness of the need for an internal structure, though sections may
IPSC involves 600,000 students in over 50 countries, and represents one of the
blur into one another clearest manifestations of the goals of the ESU. Not only does the IPSC provide
6/10 Speech has a clearstudents
internal withstructure withtodistinct
an opportunity develop thesections, andenable
vital skills that timethem
is given
to speakto
all points with confidence in public, but through the international final in London, students
8/10 Speech reflects a clear teamthestructure
from around world have that is well communicated,
the opportunity to meet, engage, and and time is
form friendships
and points
allocated sensibly between understanding that will last a lifetime.
10/10 Speech reflects aI should
clearlikeand intelligent team structure,
to take the opportunity to thank those
with similar reasons
ose without whose
grouped together and priority given to the most important
hard work and dedication this competition would ideas – the structure is
uld not be possible:
communicated memorably to the audience
all international branches ofand
the ESUtimeand is allocated sensibly between
nisers of national
organisers
points competitions which feed into the international final.

Thank you again for all your support.

Listening and responding
2/10 Listens while othersJANE
areEASTON, DIRECTOR-GENER AL,
speaking
THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING UNION
4/10 Listens while others are speaking and refers to some other speakers in the
debate during speech.
6/10 Attempts some rebuttal of the other team’s arguments
8/10 Carefully and extensively does rebuttal of the other side’s arguments
10/10 Truly engaged in the debate: supports and reinforces team mates’ arguments
while presenting a sustained attack on the other side’s position

Expression and Delivery 2

2/10 Speaks in front of a group

4/10 Speaks clearly in front of a group using full sentences and is audible
6/10 Speaks clearly in front of a group using full sentences, is interesting to listen to
and is not tied to notes
8/10 Speaks confidently at an appropriate tone and speed, using carefully chosen
words and sentences to persuade the audience, who are engaged through eye-
contact
10/10 Speaks in a compelling fashion that holds the audience’s attention – varies the
tone and speed to suit arguments and uses carefully chosen words and sentences to
persuade the audience, while engaging them through appropriate use of pauses,
gesture, eye-contact and humour
Something to remember:

Timing
Speeches that are under half the allocated time should not score more than 4/10 in
any category, and speeches that are more than 30 seconds over or under the
allocated time should not score more than 7/10.

The English-Speaking Union Chile

[email protected]
www.esu.cl