Exp18 Ohms Law Manual

Experiment 18
Ohmic and Non-ohmic Resistances

Advanced Reading:
+
(Serway) Chapter 27
Sections 27-1 to 27-3
Supply
0-15v
Power
Equipment:
1 universal circuit board R
1 1-15 volt power supply
1 Kelvin DMM with leads
1 150 Ω resistor
-
1 330 Ω resistor
1 560 Ω resistor
1 unknown resistor
1 14 volt light bulb and socket
A
1 jumper figure 18-1
2 wire leads
1 Triple-scale milliammeter determined. The current is measured
using a triple-scale milliammeter.
Objective:
The object of this lab is to determine Ammeters are connected so that the
the resistance of several resistors by current is through them. (see fig. 18-1)
applying Ohm's Law. Students will also The ideal ammeter would have a
be introduced to the resistor color code. resistance of zero so that it had no
effect on the current. In reality
Theory: ammeters have some resistance. On the
other hand, the ideal voltmeter (the
Ohm's law states that the current I that DMM in this case) has an infinite
flows in a circuit is directly resistance. (approximately 107 Ω
in
proportional to the voltage V across t h e reality) This keeps the voltmeter from
resistance R of the circuit, or in becoming an alternate path of current
mathematical form: flow around the circuit element being
measured.
V
I= Eq. 18-1
R The potential difference will be
measured with the Digital multimeter,
A device is said to be " Ohmic" if the as in the Electric Field experiment.
current I that flows through the Voltmeters are connected in parallel to
circuit is directly proportional to the resistive elements in the circuit so that
potential difference across the it measures the potential difference on
resistance. In other words, if V is each side of the element. The ideal
doubled then I is doubled. If an "o h m i c " voltmeter has an infinite resistance so
device obeys the preceding criteria , that only a minuscule amount of
then it follows that a "non-ohmic" current is through the voltmeter.
device does not.
In this lab, the current flow through a Resistor Color Code

resistor will be measured when the
voltage across the resistors is varied There is a color coding scheme used to
and from this data, the resistance identify the value of the resistance of a
resistor. The first two color bands give
the first two digits in the resistance instructor before turning
value. The third band gives the anything on.
multiplier for the first two in powers
of ten. The last color is the tolerance. CAUTION: NEVER HOOK AN
For example, a resistor that has two red AMMETER IN PARALLEL WITH A
bands and a black multiplier band, has POWER SUPPLY. IT HAS A
a resistance of 22 Ω. The figures below RESISTANCE CLOSE TO ZERO AND
give the color code. COULD BE DAMAGED.
First Digit Multiplier 2. Plug in the power supply and adjust

the voltage until the DMM reads a o n e
volt potential difference across the
resistor. Measure the current at this
voltage. (Have the input wires to the
milliammeter in such a position so that
the meter reads as close to full scale as
possible.)
Tolerance 3. Increase the voltage in one volt

Second Digit increments up to 12 volts, measuring
figure 18-2 the current through the resistor at
each voltage level. Record all values of
Color Number Multiplier current I in amperes and voltage V in
Black 0 10 0 volts.
Brown 1 10 1
4. Repeat this procedure for the
Red 2 10 2 330 Ω , 560 Ω, a n d unknown resistors
Orange 3 10 3
Yellow 4 10 4 5. Graph I vs. V and plot a best fit line
for each of the resistors on the same
Green 5 10 5
graph. Calculate the slope of each line.
Blue 6 10 6 From these slopes, obtain the value of
Violet 7 10 7 the resistances R for the resistors. Be
Gray 8 10 8 sure to label each of the slopes
appropriately.
White 9 10 9
6. Measure the resistance of each
Tolerance
resistor using the ohmmeter function
Gold 5% of the DMM. Do this by placing the
S i l v e r 10% input wires in the correct holes on the
no band 20% DMM and turning the dial to the ohms
( Ω ) postion. The DMM provides a
figure 18-3 potential difference between the leads
and measures the amount of current
through the resistance.
Procedure: 7. Replace the resistors with the light
bulb and repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
1. Make a simple series circuit with light bulb. Plot a graph of I vs. V for
the 150 Ω (as shown in fig. 18-1), using the light bulb, only this time connect
the power supply, milliammeter, each data point with a best fit curve.
shunts, and wire leads. H a v e the
circuit approved by your
Questions/Conclusions:
1. Calculate the percent difference
between the color code value and the
experimental value found in this
experiment for each resistor. Do these
values fall within the bounds of the
precision printed on the sides of the
resistors? If they do not, what might
be the reason for this?
2. What is the value of the unknown

resistor determined from the graph?
Calculate the percent difference
between the value obtained from the
graph and the ohmmeter value.
3. The resistors used in this

experiment are 2 watt resistors. What
is the maximum power output of the
150 Ω resistor when 12 V is applied
across it?
4. The power output of a circuit is

given by
V2
P = i2 R = = iV Eq. 18-2
R
Calculate the power output of each
resistive element when a potential of
12 volts is applied.
5. Verify dimensionally that equation

18-2 is correct. What are the units of
power output?
6. Is the graph of I vs. V for the light

bulb linear? What does this tell you
about the resistance of a lightbulb as
the filament gets hotter?

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Experiment 18

Ohmic and Non-ohmic Resistances

In this lab, the current flow through a Resistor Color Code

First Digit Multiplier 2. Plug in the power supply and adjust

Tolerance 3. Increase the voltage in one volt

2. What is the value of the unknown

3. The resistors used in this

4. The power output of a circuit is

5. Verify dimensionally that equation

6. Is the graph of I vs. V for the light

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