Eng1 Prelim Reviewer

ENGLISH 1 – PRELIM REVIEWER – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION - Is a process by which people send messages or exchange ideas and thoughts with one another
in a verbal and non-verbal manner.
PRINCIPLES - COMMUNICATION PROCESS – ETHCS
PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION IS A SCHEMATA DRIVEN - Prior knowledge you have stored in your brain.
COMMUNICATION IS AN INTERPRETATIVE ACT - Making predictions, assumptions, conclusions or generalization.
COMMUNICATION DOES NOT GUARANTEE A DIRECT AUTOMATIC LINK BETWEEN TWO MINDS - Your mind has a
lot of varied ideas or concepts about the world.
COMMUNICATION IS ACTIVE, POWERFUL OR FORCEFUL - Varied effects on all participants.
COMMUNICATION IS SYMBOLIC - Symbols represent or stand for ideas.
COMMUNICATION ALWAYS RESULTS IN SOMETHING - Always elicit verbal or non-verbal response.
COMMUNICATION IS IRREVERSIBLE - Things you have said remains as it is.
COMMUNICATION IS CONTEXTUAL - An exchange of ideas, views or feelings.
COMMUNICATION IS DEVELOPMENTAL AND PROGRESSIVE - Communicate ideas through different stages, Begins
from birth to elementary
COMMUNICATION IS A PROCESS - Several stages of communication takes place
COMMUNICATION IS ETHICAL - Expected to apply rules, moral values, and beliefs.
COMMUNICATION IS INFLUENCED BY MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY - Instant global exchange of knowledge.
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
As a Process, communication is characterized as: dynamic, continuous, adaptive, systematic and transactional
Forms of Communication
1. Intrapersonal – on the inside/ within
2. Interpersonal – dyadic, small group
3. Public – speaker-audience, mass communication
A Model seeks to show the main elements of any structure or process and their relationship between these elements
(Mcquail &Windhal, 2013)
Noise – interferes with the message, then the receiver would give feedback which is “choppy” maybe physical or
psychological
Channels – telephones, cables, cellphone, radio frequencies
Feedback – essential component of communication to ensure that the message is successfully received
Aristotle – explains that the speaker catches the attention and emotions of the audience to achieve a particular effect.
Transmission Model – one-directional exchange in which the message if purposely conveyed by a speaker to a listener
(Ellis & McClintock, 1990)
Interaction Model – Communicator change roles as sender and receiver and produce meaning by exchanging messages
with their own environment and experiences (Schramm, 1997)
Transaction Model – way of creating realities based on our social, relational, and cultural background
Social Context – declared rules or undeclared norms that guide communication:
a. Don’t lie to people
b. Greet people when they greet you
c. Thank people when they pay you a compliment
Relational Context – type of association we have forged with other people: e.g. someone we just met vs. some we’ve
known for a long time
Cultural Context – consists of individual’s self-concept and self-perception in relation to nationality, ethnicity, religion,
social class, race, gender and sexual orientation
Sender and receiver apply different meanings to the same message (“semantic noise”) e.g. concept “dirty ice cream”
Communication – is not a simple process that starts with the speaker and ends with the listener, there are many factors
to be considered.
 How the message is organized
 Experience should be taken into consideration
 Consideration to cultural differences, technology and interpretation
To be a good communicator, one needs to pay attention to how people are responding to the message, adjust
accordingly rather than simply expressing oneself.
COMMUNICATION ETHICS
ETHICS – Moral principles that govern a person’s behavior; you need to decide what is right vs wrong; good vs evil
4 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

1. “Advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty, and reason as essential to the integrity of communication “National
Communication Association (NCA, 1999)
2. “Freedom of expression, diversity of perspective and tolerance of dissent to achieve the informed and
responsible decision-making fundamental to a civil society”
3. “Condemn communication that degrades individuals and humanity through distortion, intimidation, coercion,
and violence, and through the expression of intolerance and hatred”
4. “Accept responsibility for the short and long-term consequences of our own communication and expect the
same of others”

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ENGLISH 1 – PRELIM REVIEWER – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

PRINCIPLES - COMMUNICATION PROCESS – ETHCS

PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION

4 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

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