The Report of The Tp1 : (Wheatstone Bridge)

THE REPORT OF THE TP1
(WHEATSTONE BRIDGE)
Names of the Participents :
Farha Mouhamed Abdelghani
Messaoudia Sid Ali
Mouhamed Islam Delala
Mostefa Ahmad Amine
ID number:
232331199612
232331198813
232331230301
232331255402
TP5
THE PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT:
Using a fundamental electrical circuits typically in the range of ohms, this can
be applicant in:
 Measurement of Resistance
Temperature Measurement
Strain Measurement in Materials Testing
Our experiment here is to measure the resistance of an unkown resistance

using a special methodes
INTRODUCTION:
The Wheatstone Bridge is a cornerstone in the realm of electrical measurement
and instrumentation. Named after its inventor, Sir Charles Wheatstone, this
ingenious circuit has been a foundational tool in electrical engineering since its
invention in the 19th century.
SOME INFORMATIONs BEFORE WE START:

THEORY PART:
Ohm's Law: Ohm's Law is a fundamental principle in electrical
engineering and physics, named after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm,
who first formulated it in 1827
The resistivity of materials: denoted by the symbol (ρ), is a fundamental

property that describes how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current. It is an
intrinsic property of the material and is typically measured in ohm-meters (Ω⋅m)
THE WHEATSTONE BRIDGE: is a classic electrical circuit used for

measuring resistance accurately. It consists of four resistive arms forming a
diamond shape this circuit is made of the following devices:
 Four Resistors
 Voltage Source
 Measuring Device
--)As we can see here ; the schematic diagram of the wheatstone bridge :
he balanced condition of the Wheatstone Bridge can be expressed

mathematically as:
𝑅1 / 𝑅2= 𝑅3 / 𝑅4
THE MANIPULATIONS (EXPEREMENTAL PART):
Setup:
You have 3 resistors of known values which you write R1, R2 and R4 and a
resistor of unknown value which you write RX ( or R3) which will be determined
using the Wheatstone bridge (figure 1). The first measurement method is to
use a variable resistor for R4 and set the values of R1 and R2. In the second
method
For the first method:

a) Carry out the assembly in Figure 1, noting the resistances R1 and R2.
b) Place the variable resistors box in place of R4 which is initially set to the maximum value.
c) Place the unknown resistors RX in place of R3.
d) Place a voltmeter between points A and B (measurement of the ddp between points D
and C)
e) Set the voltmeter gauge to a maximum value which corresponds to the order of
magnitude of the voltage used.
f) Vary the resistance R4 gradually to find the balance of the bridge.
g) Note the RX value obtained with the best possible precision
From a past equation, the unknown resistance Rx can be calculated if the

values of R1, R2, and R3 are known , that equation shall be:
𝑅1 / 𝑅2= 𝑅3 / 𝑅4
When the galvanometer indicate 0 in its screen we use that equation that can
lead us to:
R3=R1*R4/R2= 3.4k Ω
or through resistor color table and he R3 colors
we can calculate its resistance easely and will find it 3.4k Ω
for the second method:

a) Replace resistors R1 and R2 with wire (figure 2).
b) Set the voltmeter gauge to a suitable maximum value.
c) Vary the distance AD and DB by moving point D gradually to seek the balance
of the bridge.
d) Reduce the caliber to improve the precision of these distances.
e) Note the RX value obtained
f) Given the uncertainty 𝝙RX on the RX measurement
we make the following setup:
to get Rx we use this equation:
𝑹𝒙 = 𝑹𝟒 𝑳𝟏 / 𝑳𝟐
Soo , after calculation we find Rx: 3316Ω
As we can see it changed soo: 1st method Rx> 2nd method Rx
And about 𝝙Rx we shall see it in the table:
X(cm) 10 20 30 40
Rx(Ω) 332.97 902.59 2124.17 6040
𝝙Rx(Ω) 2.8 2.5 1.12 1.01
Rx=(R4*L1)/(LT-L1)
And 𝝙Rx gonna be hat way:
And this shall be the diagram of F(x)=Rx

3) Study of the resistance of a wire according to the section:
Since it wasn’t done in TP session, we cant procced to solve the questions
Conclusion
the Wheatstone Bridge stands as a testament to the ingenuity and practicality
of electrical engineering principles. Its elegant design and functionality have
cemented its place as an essential tool for precision measurement and
instrumentation, continuing to shape advancements in technology and science
to this day.

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THE REPORT OF THE TP1

Names of the Participents :

Farha Mouhamed Abdelghani

Messaoudia Sid Ali

Mouhamed Islam Delala

Mostefa Ahmad Amine

Strain Measurement in Materials Testing

Our experiment here is to measure the resistance of an unkown resistance

SOME INFORMATIONs BEFORE WE START:

The resistivity of materials: denoted by the symbol (ρ), is a fundamental

THE WHEATSTONE BRIDGE: is a classic electrical circuit used for

he balanced condition of the Wheatstone Bridge can be expressed

For the first method:

c) Place the unknown resistors RX in place of R3.

f) Vary the resistance R4 gradually to find the balance of the bridge.

g) Note the RX value obtained with the best possible precision

From a past equation, the unknown resistance Rx can be calculated if the

or through resistor color table and he R3 colors

we can calculate its resistance easely and will find it 3.4k Ω

for the second method:

b) Set the voltmeter gauge to a suitable maximum value.

d) Reduce the caliber to improve the precision of these distances.

e) Note the RX value obtained

f) Given the uncertainty 𝝙RX on the RX measurement

we make the following setup:

to get Rx we use this equation:

Soo , after calculation we find Rx: 3316Ω

As we can see it changed soo: 1st method Rx> 2nd method Rx

And about 𝝙Rx we shall see it in the table:

And this shall be the diagram of F(x)=Rx

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