Genetics

1. Compare and contrast the mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis and meiosis are two cell division process which are necessary in
cell production in our body. The mitosis occur to produce somatic cells that are
dead or damaged. The mitosis and meiosis both go through the phases of
prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase however the meiosis go through
the process of twice. The process of mitosis produced a two diploid daughter
cells that are genetically identical and contain same number of chromosomes (46
chromosomes). The meiosis is the cell division process which responsible for
production of gametes known as the sex cells. Produce in order to form an
offspring when fertilization occurs. The product of the meiosis is four haploid
daughter cells with different genetic information and 23 chromosomes each. In
the prophase I of meiosis homologous chromosomes make contact to each other
and the crossing over occurs while there is no crossing over in mitosis prophase.
Where it is important in meiosis for the exchange sections of DNA that is vital in
our genetic diversity as human.
2. Explain the cell cycle in the picture

The cell cycle goes through a checkpoints in where the cells examines the
internal and external factors and decides whether to move forward to the next
process of cell division. The main cell cycle checkpoints are the G 1 checkpoint at
the G1/ S transition, G2 checkpoint, at the G2 / m transition and the spindle
checkpoint, at the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The G1 checkpoint, it
is responsible for the checking of cell whether to divide or not and once the cell
pass through the G1 checkpoint it continuously undergo the rest of the cell cycle
process to produce two daughter cells. The G1 checkpoint assess the following
factors like cell size, nutrients, growth factors and DNA damage in order to
proceed to the next checkpoint which is the G2. The G1 checkpoint is The G2
checkpoint before the transition in M phase is responsible for assessing the DNA
damage and replication completeness in order to make the sure the cell division
undergone smoothly. If damage in cells are detected in this checkpoint the cells
will pause at this checkpoints to be repaired. However if the cell is unrepairable
the cell would undergone apoptosis or programmed cell death. The last major
checkpoint is the Spindle checkpoint where cell are examines whether all the
sister chromatids are correctly attached to the spindle microtubules. As the
separation of the sister chromatids during anaphase is not reversible and the
cycle will not proceed until all the chromosomes are firmly attached to each
spindle fiber from opposite poles of the cells. The cyclins and cyclin-dependent
kinases (Cdks), outside of the circle is the cell cycle regulators where they are
assigned in particular phase or checkpoints of the cell cycle that helps the cycle
to be carried out.
3. What are the stages undergone by the cell during mitosis? Illustrate and
explain.
Mitosis is the process of cell division which results to two diploid
daughter cells and it occurs in all somatic cells in our body. The mitosis
undergone to four stages, which is the Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and
Telophase. The before mitosis begins, in interphase where parent cell
replicate its DNA for cell division. In prophase the chromatin condenses into
discrete chromosomes as the nuclear envelope breaks down and spindles
form at the opposite poles of the cells. In metaphase, the spindle reaches to
maturity and the chromosomes align at the center of the two spindle pole. In
this stage the sister chromatids are held at the metaphase plate by the equal
forces of the polar fibers pushing on the centromeres of the chromosomes. In
anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and begin to move at the opposite
ends of the cells. At the end of the anaphase, all the poles fibers have an
attached of complete sister chromatids. In telophase, the chromosomes are
coiled off into new nuclei to form a two diploid daughter cell. In cytokinesis,
chromosome have returned to their interphase stage as newly divide cell and
the cycle of cell division goes on in order to maintain the growth of our body.
4. Relation of meiosis on the process of gametogenesis. What is its importance

in the life continuity?
One of the capabilities of a human being is to reproduce an offspring

and that is possible through the gametogenesis, which includes in the process
of meiosis. The process of meiosis is significant to the life reproduction and
continuity of every human being as the process of meiosis is responsible for
producing the gametes or the sex cell. Sperm cell and egg cell is needed in
fertilization, which needs to unite to produce an offspring. Without the
gametes of each parent, fertilization is not possible and we would not exist
here on earth.

Genetics

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1. Compare and contrast the mitosis and meiosis.

2. Explain the cell cycle in the picture

4. Relation of meiosis on the process of gametogenesis. What is its importance

One of the capabilities of a human being is to reproduce an offspring

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