Quadrilaterals

8
NCERT SOLUTIONS

What's inside
– Textbook Exercise Q's (solved)
 Exercise – 8.1
1. If the diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, then show that it is a rectangle.
Sol. Given that AB = BD,
To show that, ABCD is a rectangle if the diagonals of a parallelogram are equal.
To show ABCD is a rectangle we have to prove that one of its interior angles is right angles.
Proof: In DABC and DBAD,
A B

D C
AB = BA (Common)
BC = AD (Opposite side of ||gm)
AC = BD (Given)
\ DABC @ DBAD [SSS congruency]
ÐA = ÐB [By C.P.C.T.]
Also, ÐA + ÐB = 180° [Sum of angles on the same side of the transversal]
Þ 2ÐA = 180°
Þ ÐA = 90° = ÐB
Therefore, ABCD is a rectangle. Hence Proved
2. Show that the diagonals of a square are equal and bisect each other at right angles
3. Diagonal AC of a parallelogram ABCD bisects ∠A. Show that :
D C

A
B

(i) it bisects ∠C also,

(ii) ABCD is a rhombus.
Sol. (i) In DADC and DCBA,
AD = CB (Opposite sides of a parallelogram)
DC = BA (Opposite sides of a parallelogram)
AC = CA (Common side)
DADC @ DCBA [SSS congruency]
Thus, ÐACD = ÐCAB [by CPCT]
and ÐCAB = ÐCAD (Given)
Þ ÐACD = ÐBCA
Thus, AC bisect ÐC also.
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 (ii) ÐACD = ÐCAD (Proved above)
Þ AD = CD (Opposite sides of equal angles of a triangle are equal)
Also, AB = BC = CD = DA (Opposite sides of a parallelogram)
Thus, ABCD is a rhombus.
4. ABCD is a rectangle in which diagonal AC bisects ∠ A as well as ∠ C. Show that:
(i) ABCD is a square
(ii) diagonal BD bisects ∠ B as well as ∠ D.
5. In parallelogram ABCD, two points P and Q are taken on diagonal BD such that DP = BQ.
Show that :
A
D

Q
B
C

(i) DAPD ≅ DCQB

(ii) AP = CQ
(iii)DAQB ≅ DCPD
(iv)AQ = CP
(v) APCQ is a parallelogram
Sol. (i) In DAPD and DCQB
DP = BQ (Given)
ÐADP = ÐCBQ [Alternate interior angles]
AD = BC
(Opposite sides of a parallelogram)
Thus,DAPD@ DCQB [SAS congruency]
(ii)  AP = CQ [by CPCT]
as DAPD @ DCQB.
(iii) In DAQB and DCPD,
BQ = DP (Given)
ÐABQ = ÐCDP [Alternative interior angles]
AB = CD
(Opposite sides of a parallelogram)
Thus,DAQB@ DCPD [SAS congruency]
(iv) As DAQB @ DCPD
AQ = CP [By CPCT]
(v) From (ii) and (iv), it is clear that APCQ has equal opposite sides and also has equal and
opposite angles, APCQ is a parallelogram.
6. ABCD is a parallelogram and AP and CQ are perpendiculars from vertices A and C on
diagonal BD. Show that :

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 D C
P

Q
A B

(i) DAPB ≅ DCQD

(ii) AP = CQ
Sol. (i) In DAPB and DCQD,
ÐABP = ÐCDQ [Alternate interior angles]
ÐAPB = ÐCQD (= 90° as AP and CQ are perpendiculars)
AB = CD (ABCD is a parallelogram)
DAPB @ DCQD [AAS congruency]
(ii) As DAPB @ DCQD
So, AP = CQ [by CPCT
7. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || CD and AD = BC (see Fig. 8.14). Show that
(i) ∠ A = ∠ B
(ii) ∠ C = ∠ D
(iii) ∆ ABC ≅ ∆ BAD
(iv) diagonal AC = diagonal BD [Hint : Extend AB and draw a line through C
parallel to DA intersecting AB produced at E.]

Exercise – 8.2
1. ABCD is a quadrilateral in which P, Q, R and S are points of the sides AB, BC, CD and DA.
AC is a diagonal. Show that :
D
R
C

S
Q

A P B

1
(i) SR || AC and SR = AC
2
(ii) PQ = SR
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 (iii) PQRS is parallelogram
Sol. (i) R is the mid-point of DC and S is the mid-point of DA.
1
AC
Thus, by mid-point theorem, SR || AC and SR = 2
(ii) In DBAC,
P is the mid-point of AB and Q is the mid-point of BC.
1
AC
Thus, by mid-point theorem, PQ || AC and PQ = 2
1
also, SR = AC
2
PQ = SR
(iii) SR|| AC ............ from question (i)
and PQ || AC ............. from question (ii)
ÞSR || PQ [From (i) and (ii)]
also PQ = SR
\ PQRS is a parallelogram.
2. ABCD is a rhombus and P, Q, R, and S are the mid-points of the sides AB, BC, CD and DA
respectively. Show that the quadrilateral PQRS is a rectangle.
Sol. Given in the question,

P Q

S R

ABCD is a rhombus and P, Q, R and S are the mid-points of the sides.
AB, BC, CD and DA respectively.
To Prove: PQRS is a rectangle.
Construction: Join AC and BD.
Proof: In DDRS and DBPQ,
DS = BQ
(Halves of the opposite side of the rhombus)
ÐSDR = ÐQBP
(Opposite angles of the rhombus)
DR = BP
(Halves of the opposite sides of the rhombus)
DDRS @ DBPQ [SAS Congruency]
RS = PQ [by CPCT]...(i)
In DQCR and DSAP,
RC = PA (Halves of the opposite side of the rhombus)
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 ÐRCQ = ÐPAS (Opposite angles of the rhombus)
CQ = AS (Halves of the opposite sides of the rhombus)
DQCR @ DSAP [SAS congruency]
RQ = SP [by CPCT] ...(ii)
Now, In DCDB,
R and Q are the mid-points of CD and BC respectively.
Þ QR || BD
also, P and S are the mid-points of AD and AB respectively.
Þ PS || BD and QR || PS
PQRS is a parallelogram.
also, ÐPQR = 90°
Now, In PQRS,
RS = PQ and RQ = SP from (i) and (ii)
ÐQ = 90°
PQRS is a rectangle.
3. ABCD is a rectangle and P, Q, R and S are mid-pints of the sides AB, BC, CD and DA
respectively. Show that the quadrilateral PQRS is a rhombus.
Sol. Given in the question,
A P B

S Q

D R C
ABCD is a rectangle and P, Q, R and S are mid-points of the sides AB, BC, CD and DA
respectively.
Construction: Join AC and BD.
To prove: PQRS is a rhombus.
Proof: In DABC,
P and Q are the mid-points of AB and BC respectively.
1
PQ || AC and PQ = AC (mid-point theorem) ...(i)
2
In DADC
1
SR || AC and SR = AC (mid-point theorem) ...(ii)
2
So, PQ || SR and PQ = SR
As in quadrilateral PQRS one pair of opposite sides is equal and parallel to each other, so it is
a parallelogram.
PS || QR and PS = QR (Opposite sides of parallelogram) ...(iii)
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 Now, In DBCD,
Q and R are mid-points of side BC and CD respectively.
1
QR || BD and QR = BD (mid-point theorem) ...(iv)
2
AC = BD (Diagonals of a rectangle are equal) ...(v)
From equations (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v)
PQ = QR = SR = PS
So, PQRS is a rhombus. Hence Proved
4. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC, BD is a diagonal and E is the mid-point of AD. A line
is drawn through E parallel to AB intersecting BC at F. Show that F is the mid-point of BC.

D C

E F

A B

Sol. Given that,

ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC, BD is a diagonal and E is the mid-point of AD.
To Prove: F is the mid-point of BC.
Proof: BD, intersected EF at G.
In DBAD,
E is the mid-point of AD and also EG || AB
Thus, G is the mid-point of BD (Converse of mid-point theorem)
Now, In DBDC
G is the mid-point of BD and also GP || AB || DC.
Thus, F is the mid-point of BC (Converse of mid-point theorem).
5. In a parallelogram ABCD, E and F are the mid-points of sides AB and CD respectively. Show
that the line segments AF and EC trisect the diagonal BD.
D F C

A E B

Sol. Given that,

ABCD is a parallelogram. E and F are the mid-points of sides AB and CD respectively.
To show: AF and EC trisect the diagonal BD.
Proof: ABCD is a parallelogram,
AB || CD
also, AE || FC
Now, AB = CD (Opposite sides of parallelogram ABCD)
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 1 1
Þ AB = CD
2 2

Þ
AE = FC (E and F are mid-points of side AB and CD)
AECF is a parallelogram (AE and CF are parallel and equal to each other)
AP || EC (Opposite sides of a parallelogram)
Now, In DDQC
F is the mid-point of side DC and FP || QC
(as AF || EC)
P is the mid-point of DQ (Converse of mid-point theorem).
Þ
DP = PQ ...(i)
Similarly, In DAPB,
E is mid-point of side AB and EQ || AP (as AF || EC)
Q is the mid-point of PB (Converse of mid-point theorem)
Þ
PQ = QB ...(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii)
DP = PQ = BQ
Hence, the line segments. AF and EC trisect the diagonal BD. Hence Proved
6. ABC is a triangle right angled at C. A line through the mid-point M of hypotenuse AB and
parallel to BC intersects AC at D. Show that :
(i) D is the mid-point of AC
(ii) MD ⊥ AC
1
(iii)CM = MA = AB
2
Sol. (i) In DABC, M is the mid-point of side AB. According to question given that,
MD || BC
\ AD = DC (Converse of mid-point theorem)
Therefore, D is the mid-point of side AC.
(ii) Let, M is the line drawn parallel to side BC and AC is the transversal. (Given)
\ Ð1 = ÐC(Corresponding Angles)

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 or Ð1 = 90° [ ÐC = 90°] (Given)
Therefore,MD ^ AC.
(iii)In DAMD and DCMD.
Ð1 = Ð2 = 90° (Proved above)
AD = DC (Proved above)

and MD = MD (Common sides)
Therefore, DAMD @ DCMD [by SAS Congruency]
AM = CM [by CPCT] ...(i)
Given that, M is the mid-point of side AB.
1
AM = AB ...(ii)
2

From equation (i) and (ii)

1
CM = AM = AB
2

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