Department of Mechanical Engineering

ME 111 Engineering Graphics (S12 – Jan-May-2024)

Projections of Plane Surfaces
Case 1: Lamina is resting with one of its edges or sides on HP and its surface is inclined to HP:
x y

Equilateral Square Pentagon Hexagon Rectangle Right angle Isosceles Semi-circular

Triangle Triangle Triangle

Case 2: Lamina is resting with one of its corners on HP and its surface is inclined to HP:
x y

Equilateral Square Pentagon Hexagon Rectangle Isosceles Circular Semi-circular

Triangle Triangle

Case 3: Lamina is resting with one of its edges or sides in VP and its surface is inclined to VP:
Equilateral Square Pentagon Hexagon Rectangle Right angle Isosceles Semi-circular
Triangle Triangle Triangle

x y

Case 4: Lamina is resting with one of its corners in VP and its surface is inclined to VP:
Equilateral Square Pentagon Hexagon Rectangle Isosceles Circular Semi-circular
Triangle Triangle

x y

Examples:

1. A triangular plane lamina of sides 40 mm is resting on HP with one of its corners touching it such that the
surface of the plane lamina makes an angle of 60° with HP. If the side opposite to the comer on which the
plane lamina rests makes an angle of 30° with VP, draw the top and front views in this position.
2. ABC is a thin triangular plate having the edges AB, BC and CA equal to 60 mm, 80 mm and 50 mm
respectively. The edge AB rests on HP, and makes an angle of 300 VP. The plate is inclined to HP at 45°.
Obtain the top and front views of the plate.
3. ABC is a triangle of sides AB = 75 mm, BC = 60 mm and CA = 45mm .The triangle is placed on HP such that
its longest side AB is in VP and inclined at 30° to HP. Its surface makes an angle of 45° with VP. Draw its
projections.
4. A 30°- 60° set-square of 150 mm shortest side is placed such that its longest side is in VP and 300 to HP. The
surface of the set-square makes 45° with VP. Draw its projections.
5. An isosceles triangular plate has base 50 mm long and altitude 70 mm. It is so placed that in the front view it
is seen as an equilateral triangle of 50 mm sides with one of its sides inclined at 45° to the XY line. Draw its
top and front views.

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6. The top view of a 45° set-square, with the side BC on HP and the side AB in VP, is a triangle abc. The side bc
= 200 mm being perpendicular to the XY line and the angle bca = 25°. Draw the top and front views and
measure the inclination of the set-square with HP.
7. Draw the top and front views of a square of 50 mm side placed on HP with one edge making 450 with VP and
the surface of the square is inclined at 300 to HP.
8. A square PQRS of 40 mm side has its diagonal PR inclined at 450 to HP and the diagonal QS inclined at 300 to
VP and parallel to HP. Draw its projections.
9. A square plate of 40 mm sides rests on HP each that one of the diagonals is inclined at 300 to HP and 450 to
VP. Draw its projections.
10. A square lamina ABCD of 30 mm side rests on the corner C such that the diagonal AC appears to be at 300 to
VP in the top view. The two sides BC and CD containing the corner C make equal inclinations with HP. The
surface of the lamina makes 450 with HP. Draw its top and front views.
11. A square plate 60 mm side is resting such that one of its sides lies both in HP and VP and the surface of the
plate is inclined at 300 to VP.. Draw the top, front and right side views of the plate.
12. The top view of a square lamina is a rhombus of major diagonal 50 mm and minor diagonal 30 mm with the
longer diagonal being parallel to both HP and VP. Draw the top and front views of the square lamina. What is
the inclination of the surface of the lamina with HP and VP ?
13. A mirror 60 mm x 80 mm is inclined to the wall at such an angle that its front view is a square of 60 mm side.
The longer sides of the mirror appear perpendicular to both HP and VP. Find the inclination of the mirror with
the wall.
14. A pentagonal plate with edge of 30 mm length is resting on HP on one of its edges. This edge is inclined to
VP at 45° and the plate surface makes 30° angle with HP. Draw its projections.
15. A pentagonal lamina having edge 40 mm is placed such that the perpendicular bisector of one of the edges is
inclined at 30° to HP and 45° VP. Draw the top and front views of the lamina.
16. A Pentagonal lamina of edges 25 mm is resting on HP with one of its corners such that the edge opposite to
this corner is 20 mm above HP and makes an angle of 450 with VP.Draw the top and front views of the plane
lamina in this position. Determine the inclination of the lamina with HP
17. A regular pentagon of 30 mm sides having one of its sides inclined at 30° to the XY line represents the top
view of an irregular pentagonal lamina. The front view of the lamina is a straight line inclined at an angle of
45° with the XY line. Determine the true shape of the plane figure and measure the length of its sides.
18. A hexagonal lamina of 30 mm side rests on HP on one of its corner such that its surface is inclined at 50 0to
HP.Draw the projections of the lamina when one of the sides of the lamina nearer to VP is inclined at 30 0 to
VP.
19. A regular hexagonal lamina ABCDEF of sides 30 mm is lying in such a way that one of its sides touches both
the reference planes. If the lamina makes 60° with VP, draw the projections of the lamina.
20. A hexagonal lamina of sides 30 mm is held with one of its comers on HP. Its plane is inclined at 60° to HP.
Draw the projections of the lamina when two of its parallel sides appear perpendicular to the XY line in both
the top and front views.
21. Draw the projections of a hexagonal lamina of 30 mm side having one of its sides in VP and HP .The
opposite edge is 20 mm in front of VP.
22. A hexagonal lamina of sides 25 mm rests on one of its sides on VP.The side opposite to the side on which it
rests is 30 mm infront of VP and the side on which it rests makes 450 to HP.Draw its projection
23. Draw the projections of a circular plate of 50 mm diameter resting on HP on a point A on the circumference,
with its plane inclined at 450 to HP and the top view of the diameter AB making 300 with VP.
24. The top view of a diameter CD of a circular plane of diameter 100 mm is inclined at 450 to the XY line, the
other diameter AB is inclined at 450 to HP. The diameters AB and CD are mutually Perpendicular. Draw the
projections. Find the inclinations of the plane with respect to the planes of projection.
25. A circular lamina of 60 mm diameter is standing with one of its points on the rim on HP and the lamina
inclined at 450 to HP. The diameter at right angles to the diameter passing through the point on which the
lamina rests is parallel to VP. Draw its projections.
26. A Circular lamina inclined to VP appears in the front view as an ellipse of major axis 60 mm and minor axis
30 mm.The major axis is parallel to both HP and VP.One end of the minor axis is in both HP and VP.Draw
the projections of the lamina and determine the inclinations of the lamina with HP and VP.
27. A semicircular lamina of 30 mm diameter rests on its diameter such that the surface of the lamina is inclined
at 300 to HP and the diameter on which it rests is parallel to VP.
28. Draw the projections of a semicircular lamina of diameter 100 mm which stands on HP on one its diameter
AB inclined at 450 to VP and the plane of the lamina is at 300 to HP. The end A being nearer to VP at a
distance of 50 mm from it.