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com 4

TANGENTS AND NORMALS

OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS

dy
1. For a curve y = f(x) if = 2x then the angle made by the tangent at (1,1) with OX is
dx

m
1) π / 4 2) π / 3

co
−1 −1
3) tan 2 4) tan 1/ 2
2. The angle made by the tangent line at (1,3) on the curve y = 4x-x2 with OX is

n.
−1 −1
1) tan 2 2) tan 1/ 3

io
−1 π
3) tan 3 4) 4

y=
at
8
uc
3. Slope of the tangent line at x = 2 on is
4 + x2
1) 1 /2 2) -1/2 3) -2 4) None
ed

n n

Slope of the normal line at (a, b) to the curve   +   = 2 is

x y
4.
a  b
i
sh

1) /b/a 2) b/a 3)-a/b 4) a/b

Slope of the normal line to the curve xy 2 + yx 2 = 2 at (1,-2) is
ak

5.
1) 5/8 2) -8/5 3) -1 4) None
.s

6. The slope of the normal line to the curve x = a ( t − sin t ) , y = a (1 − cos t ) at a point ‘t’ is
w

1) tan t/2 2) cot t/2 3) –cot t/2 4) –tan t/2

Equation of the tangent line at (2,4) to the curve y ( x 2 − 1) = 6x is
w

7.
w

1) 3x − 10y + 34 = 0 2) 10x − 3y = 32

3) 10x + 3y = 32 4) none
9. Equation of the normal line to the curve y ( x + 2 ) = 5 at the point (1,5/3) is

1) 27x+15y = 2 2) 27x-15y = 2
3) 15x-27y = 2 4) none

10. Slope of the tangent to y = 4 − x 2 at the point where abscissa and ordinate are equal is

1) -1 2) 1 3) 0 4) 2
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11. Length of the subnormal at (0,b) to y = be− x/a is

1) y2 / a 2) a 3) b 2 a 4) y2 / a

12. A point which the tangent to the curve y = x 2 ( x − 2 ) is parallel to the x – axis is
2

1) (-1,9) 2) 2a 3) a / 2 4) none

13. A point at which the tangent to the curve y = x 2 ( x − 2 ) is parallel to the x-axis is
2

1) (-1,9)) 2) (1,-1) 3) (1,1) 4) (2,1)

m
14. Length of the sub tangent at (-a,a) on x 2 y2 = a 4 ( a > 0 ) is

co
1) 3a 2) a 3) 2a 4) 4a
15. Length of the subtangent at any point on yn = a n −1x is

n.
1) Proportional to abscissa

io
2) Proportional to ordinate
3) Length of the subnormal at
uc
4) None
16. The length of the subtangent at any point of y = be x/a is
ed

1) Varies as the abscissa

2) Varies as the ordinate
i
sh

3) Constant
4) Length of the subnormal
ak

17. Equation of the tangent at (1,-1) to the curve x 3 − xy2 − 4x 2 − xy + 5x + 3y + 1 = 0 is

.s

1) x-1=0 2) x+1=0 3) y-1=0 4) y+1=0

 a a 
w

 to the curve x + y = a is parallel to the line

2/3 2/3 2/3
18. The tangent line at  ,
 8 8
w

1) x = -y 2) x = y 3) x = 0 4) y = 0
w

19. If ψ is the angle made by the tangent line at a point P(x, y) on the curve y = f(x) with OX
then length of the normal is
1) ysec ψ 2) y cos ψ

3) y cos ecψ 4) y tan ψ

dy length of the tan gent
20. At any point on the curve y = f(x) if m = then =
dx length of the normal

1) 1/m 2) 1/ m 3) m 4) m
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 6
dy length of thesubnormal
21. At any point on the curve y = f(x) if m = then =
dx length of the sub tan gent

1) Constant 2) m 3) m 2 4) 1/ m2

22. If the normal to the curve y = f(x) at (3,4) makes angle 3π / 4 with OX then f ′(3) =
1) -1 2) 1 3) -3/4 4) 4/3
23. The length of subtangent, |ordinate of the point | and length of subnormal at a point on
the curve y = f(x) are in
1) A.P. 2) G.P. 3) H.P. 4) None

m
24. For the parabola y = 4ax the ratio of the length of subtangent to abscissa at any point is
2

co
1) 1:1 2) 2:1 3) x:y 4) x 2 : y
25. The length of the normal at any point P(x, y) on the hyperbola x 2 − y 2 = a 2 is

n.
a

io
1) a 2)
3) OP where O is the origin 4) None
at
26. The length of the subtangent at any point on y = ae x /b , m, n > 0 is
uc
a b
1) 2) a 3) 4) b
ed

27. Length of the subtangent at ( x1 , y1 ) on x n y m = a m+ n m, n > 0 is

i

n n m n
1) 2) 3) 4)
sh

x1 x1 x1 y1
m m n m
28. If the gradient to the curve xy+ax+by=0 at (1,1) is 2 then (a,b) =
ak

1) (-2,1) 2) (1,-2) 3) (-1,2) 4) (1,2)

29. If the tangent line at (x, y) to the curve y = x 3 − 12x + 8 is parallel to the X-axis then x =
.s

1) ± 2 2) ± 1
w

3) 3 4) None
30. The points on the curve y = sinx where the tangent lines are parallel to X- axis are given
w

by
w

1) x = nπ, n ∈ Z 2) x = 2nπ, n ∈ Z

3) x = ( 2n + 1) n / 2, n ∈ Z 4) None

31. The distance from the origin to the normal at x = 0 to the curve y = e2x + x 2 is

1) 5 2) 1/ 5 3) 2 / 5 4) 1

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32. If at a point ( x1 , y1 ) on the curve y = f(x) if lengths of sub tangent and subnormal are
equal, then length of normal is
1) (1/ 2 ) y1 2) 2y1 3) − 2y1 4) 2 y1

33. If ax + by + c = 0 is normal to the curve xy = 1, then

1) a>0, b<0 2) a>0, b>0 3) a<0,b<0 4) none
34. The curves y = x 3 + x + 1 and 2y = x 3 + 5x touch each other at the point
1) (1,3) 2) )(-1,-1) 3) (0,1) 4) (-2,-9)

m
35. If the curves y = ax 3 − 3ax + 4a and y = 12x + 4a touch at x = 0 then a =

co
1) -3 2) 3 3) -4 4) 4
36. The common tangent line to the parabola y 2 = 2x and circle x 2 + y2 − 4x = 0 at which they

n.
touch each other , is

io
1) x-axis 2) A bisector of coordinate axes
3) y-axis 4) None
at
37. Area of the triangle formed by the tangent, normal at (1,1) on the curve x + y = 2 and
uc
the x-axis is
ed

1) 1 sq. Unit 2) sq. Units

3) 1 /2 sq. Units 4)4 sq. Units
i

38. Area of the triangle formed by the tangent at ( x1 , y1 ) to xy = a 2 and the coordinate axes is
sh

1) x1y1 2) 2 x1 y1 3) 1/ 2 x1y1 4) a2
ak

39. The curves x 3 − 3xy 2 = −2,3x 2 y − y3 = 2 cut each other at an angle

.s

1) 0 2) π / 4 3) π / 3 4) π / 2
w

40. The x-intercept made by the tangent at ‘t’ on the curve x = a cos3 t, y = a sin 3 t is
w

1) a 2) a sin t 3) a cos t 4) a tan t

w

41. Equation of the normal line at ' θ ' to the curve x = a ( θ = sin θ ) , y = a (1 − cos θ ) is

1) x cos θ / 2 + ysin θ / 2 = aθ cos θ / 2 + 2a sin θ / 2

2) x cos θ / 2 − ysin θ / 2 = aθ sin θ / 2
3) x sin θ / 2 − y cos θ / 2 = 2a sin θ / 2
4) None

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42. Equation of the normal at x = 0 to the curve y = (1 + x ) + sin −1 ( sin 2 x ) is
y

1) x – y = 1 2) x + y = 1 3) x +y = 0 4) x + y = 2
If the normal line to the curve x 3 = y 2 at ( m 2 , − m 3 ) is y = 3mx − 4m3 then m
2
43

1) 3 /4 2) 9 /2 3) 2 /9 4) 2 /3
44. The y-intercept of the tangent at any point of the curve ax −2 + by −2 = 1 is proportional to
1) Cube of the abscissa 2) Cube of the ordinate
3) Square of the ordinate 4) None

m
45. Length of the tangent to the curve x = a ( cos t + log tan t / 2 ) , y = a sin t at any point ‘t’ on it.

co
1) Varies as abscissa
2) Varies as ordinate

n.
3) Varies as length of normal

io
4) Constant
x3
46. At the point (a, a) on y =2

2a − x
at
length of the sub tangent =
uc
1) Length of the subnormal
2) Square of the length of S.N
ed

3) Twice the subnormal

4) None
i
sh

47. If the relation between sub-normal ‘SN’ and sub-tangent ‘ST’ at any point on the curve
by2 = (x + a)3 is p(SN) = q(ST)2 then p/q =
ak

a) 8/27a b) 8/27 c) 8/27b d) 8b/27

.s

48. The condition that the two curves x = y2, xy = k cut orthogonally is
w
w

a) 2k2 = 1 b) 8k2 = 1 c) 8k3 = 1 d) 2k3 = 1

w

49. The condition that the two curves y2 = 4ax, xy = c2 cut orthogonally is

a) c2 = 16a2 b) c2 = 32a2 c) c4 = 16a4 d) c4 = 32a4

50. If the tangent at ‘P’ on the curve xmyn = am + n meets the axes at A and B then AP : PB =

a) m : n b) n : m c) 1 : 1 d) 1 : 2

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 9
2 3 2 3
51. If the tangent at the point (at , at ) on the curve ay = x meets the curve again at

 at 2 at 3   at 2   at 2 
a)  ,− 
 b)  ,8at  c)  ,2at 2  d) (at2, 2at)
 4 8   4   2 

52. If the tangent to the curve 2y3 = ax2 + x3 at the point (a, a) cuts off intercepts α and β on
the coordinate axes, where α2 + β2 = 61 then the value of |a| is

a) 16 b) 28 c) 30 d) 31

m
co
TANGENTS AND NORMALS

n.
HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

io
1. (3)
at
uc
dy 
= 2 = tan ψ
dx  (1,1)
ed

2. (1)
i
sh

dy 
= 4 − 2(1) = 2 = tan ψ where ψ is the angle made by the tangent with OX .
dx  (1,3)
ak

3. (1)
.s

dy  −8 × 2x  1
 = − 2 2
=−
w

dx  x =2 (4 + x )  x =2 2
w

4. (4)
w

Differentiating and putting x = a, y = b;

n −1 n −1
a 1 b  1  dy
n  + n    =0
b a b  b  dx

dy b
⇒ =−
dx a

a
⇒ Slope of normal =
b

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5. (4)

Differentiating and putting x = 1, y = –2;

dy dy 2
(1)2( −2) + ( −2) 2 + (1) + ( −2)2(1) = 0
dx dx

dy
⇒ =0
dx

6. (4)
dy dy dy t
= a(1 − cos t) and = a(sin t) ⇒ = cot .

m
dt dt dx 2

co
7. (3)

Equation of the tangent line is

n.
 (3)6 − 12(4) 
y−4=   (x − 2)

io
 32

i.e., 10x + 3y = 32. at

uc
8. (2)

Equation of the normal line is

ed

 −5  5
x −1 = −  2
(y − )
 (1 + 2) 
i

3
sh

i.e., 27x – 15y = 2.

ak

9. (1)
.s

x = y and y = 4 − x 2 ⇒ x = ± 2
w

⇒ po int = ( 2, 2)
w

dy 
Slope of tangent = ( 2, 2) = −1 .
dx 
w

10. (3)
dy −1
= b ⋅ e− x / a
dx a

−b b 2
∴ Length of S.N. at (0, b) = b ⋅ =
a |a|

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 www.sakshieducation.com 11
11. (3)

dy
= 2x(x − 2)2 + x 2 ⋅ 2(x − 2)
dx
= 2x(x − 2)(2x − 2).

Slope = 0 ⇒ x = 0 or 1 or 2.

12. (2)

Taking logarithms and differentiating;

2 2 y′ 1

m
+ y′ = 0 ⇒ = −
x y y x

co
y
⇒ = −x = a
y′

n.
13. (1)

io
dy y
y n = a n −1x ⇒ = .
dx nx

∴ Length of S.T. = y ×
nx
= | n || x | ∝ | x |
at
uc
y
ed

14. (3)

b a
Length of S.T. = y ÷ y = = constant
i

a b
sh

 dy 1 b 
 = b ⋅ ex / a = y 
ak

 dx a a 

15. (4)
.s

dy −f x −(3x 2 − y 2 − 8x − y + 5)
w

= =
dx f y (−2xy − x + 3)
w

⇒ m = 0. (Putting x = 1, y = –1)
w

16. (1)

x 2 / 3 + y2 / 3 = a 2 / 3
2 −1/ 3 2 −1/ 3 dy
⇒ x + y =0
3 3 dx
1/ 3
dy y
⇒ = − 
dx x
dy 
⇒ = −1
dx  (a / 8,a / 8 )
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17. (1)
dy
We have tan ψ =
dx

∴ Length of the normal =

y 1 + tan 2 ψ =| y sec ψ |

18. (2)

Length of tangent 1 1
= =

m
Length of normal (dy / dx) | m |

co
19. (3)

n.
2
Length of S.N.  dy 
=   = m2
Length of S.T.  dx 

io
20. (2)

Slope of tangent = f′(x)

at
uc
−1 3π
⇒slope of normal = = tan
f ′(x) 4
ed

−1
⇒ ⇒ f ′(x) = 1
f ′(x) = −1
i
sh

21. (2)
ak

Length of S.T., |ordinate of the point|, length of S.N.

dy dy
.s

=| y /(dy / dx) |,| y |, y are in G.P. with C.R. = = m.

dx dx
w

22. (2)
w

dy
y 2 = 4ax ⇒ 2y = 4a
w

dx

dy 2a dy y 2
⇒ = ⇒ y/ =
dx y dx 2a
y2 4ax
S.T. : x = :x = : x = 2 :1
2a 2a

23. (3)
dy x
= and length of normal =
dx y
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 www.sakshieducation.com 13
x2
y 1+ 2
= x 2 + y 2 = OP
y

24. (3)

1
Length of S.T. = y ÷ y =| b |
b

25. (3)

Taking logarithms and differentiating:

m
dy − ny
=
dx mx

co
−mx1 m
Length of S.T. = y1 × = | x1 |

n.
ny1 n

io
26. (2)

(1, 1) ∈ curve ⇒ a + b = –1 at
uc
Differentiating and putting x = 1, y = 1

dy dy
(1) +1+ a + b =0
ed

dx dx
dy (a + 1)
⇒2= =− ⇒ a + 2b = −3
b +1
i

dx
sh

27. (1)
ak

dy
= 0 ⇒ 3x 2 − 12 = 0 ⇒ x = ±2 .
dx
.s

28. (3)
w

dy
= 0 ⇒ cos x = 0
w

dx
π
⇒ x = (2n + 1) where n ∈ Z.
w

29. (2)

x = 0, y = e2x + x 2 ⇒ y = 1.

dy
= 2e 2x + 2x .
dx

Equation of normal is y – 1 = 2x.

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 www.sakshieducation.com 14
30. (4)

dy dy dy
y/ = y ⇒ = 1 at any point (x, y)
dx dx dx

Length of normal = | y1 | 1 + m 2 = | y1 | 2

31. (1)

A point on the curve xy = 1 is (t, 1/t) (t ≠ 0)

1 dy −1
xy = 1 ⇒ y = ⇒ =

m
x dx x 2

co
a
Slope of the normal at t = t2 = − > 0
b

n.
⇒a, b of opposite sign.

io
32. (1)

at
By substitution we see that the point (1, 3) lies on both the curves.

y = x3 + x + 1
uc
dy dy 
⇒ = 3x 2 + 1 ⇒  =4
ed

dx dx  (1,3)

2y = x 3 + 5x
i
sh

dy 1 dy 
⇒ = (3x 2 + 5) ⇒  =4
dx 2 dx  (1,3)
ak

33. (3)
.s

Putting x = 0, y = 4a,
w

m1 = [3ax2 – 3a]r=0 = –3a, m2 = 12

w

∴ m1 = m2 ⇒ −3a = 12
w

34. (3)

y2 = 2x parabola and (x – 2)2 + (y – 0)2 = 22

Circle touch each other and touch y-axis at the origin.

35. (1)

dy 
= −1 and area of the triangle
dx  (1,1)

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 www.sakshieducation.com 15
y (1 +
2
y12 ) 1 (1 + 1)
2 2
= = = 1 sq.unit
2 | y1 | 2(1)

36. (2)

Equation of the tangent is xy1 + x1y = 2a2

(x1, y1) ∈ curve ⇒ x1y1 = a2.

Area of the triangle

1
= x-intercept × y-intercept

m
2
1 2a 2 2a 2
= ×

co
2 y1 x1

= 2a2 = 2|x1y1|

n.
37. (4)

io
Let P(x1, y1) be a point of intersection.

x 3 − 3xy 2 = −1
at
uc
dy
⇒ 3x 2 − 3y 2 − 6xy =0
ed

dx
dy x 2 − y 2
⇒ =
i

dx 2xy
sh

3x 2 y − y3 = 2
ak

dy dy
⇒ 3x 2 − 3y 2 + 6xy = 0
dx dx
.s

dy −2xy
⇒ = 2
dx x − y 2
w
w

∴At every point of intersection product of the slopes = –1.

w

38. (3)
x y
Equation of tangent is + = 1.
a cos t a sin t

39. (1)
dy a(sin θ) θ
= = tan
dx a(1 + cos θ) 2

∴ Equation of the normal line:

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 www.sakshieducation.com 16
θ
x − a(θ + sin θ) = − tan [y − a(1 − cos θ)]
2

θ θ θ θ
i.e., x cos + 2sin = a θ cos + 2sin 
2 2  2 2

40. (2)

x = 0 ⇒ y = 1 ⇒ the point is (0, 1)

dy  y dy  2sin x cos x
= (1 + x) y  + log(1 + x)  +
dx 1 + x dx  1 − sin 4 x

m
dy  1 
= 1 + 0 + 0 = 1

co
dx (0,1) 1 + 0 

Equation of the normal is y – 1 = –1(x – 0).

n.
41. (3)

io
y2 = x3

⇒
dy 3x 2
= and
dy 
 =−
3m
at
uc
dx 2y dx  (m2 ,− m3 ) 2
ed

2
∴ = slope of normal = 3m
3m
i

2
⇒ m2 =
sh

42. (2)
ak

a b dy −ay3
+ = 1 ⇒ =
.s

x 2 y2 dx bx 3
w

a b
(x1 , y1 ) ∈ curve ⇒ 2
+ 2 =1
w

x1 y1
w

Equation of the tangent at a point (x1, y1) is

−ay13
y − y1 = (x − x1 )
bx13
x y 1 1
i.e., 3
+ 3= 2+ 2
bx1 ay1 bx1 ay1

ay13  a b  1 3
Y-intercept =  2 + 2  = y1 .
ab  x1 y1  b

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 www.sakshieducation.com 17
43. (4)
dy a cos t
=
dx  1 1  t 
a  − sin t +   sec2   
  2  tan(t / 2)  2 
cos t
= = tan t
(− sin t + (1/ sin t)

a sin t
Length of tangent = 1 + tan 2 t = | a |
tan t

m
44. (4)
2 3 1

co
By log differentiation : y′ = +
y x 2a − x

n.
y′ 2 |a|
At the point (a, a): = and S.T. =
y a 2

io
45. (2)

x m+ n = a m −n y 2n
at
uc
dy (m + n)y
⇒ =
dx 2nx
ed

 2nx   2n 
(S.T) =  y × =  ⋅ x,
 (m + n)y   m + n 
i
sh

(m + n)y  m + n  y 2
(S.N.) = y × = 
2nx  2n  x
ak

46. (2)
.s

dx −f y −(1 − xe xy )
y − e xy + x = 0 ⇒ = =
w

dy f x − ye xy + 1
w

dx
By substitution we find = 0 for the point (1, 0).
dy
w

⇒tangent is vertical.

47. (4)

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48. (1)

∂f ∂g ∂f ∂g
⋅ + ⋅ =0
∂x ∂x ∂y ∂y
⇒ y − 2xy = 0 ⇒ x = 1/ 2
1
xy = k, x = ⇒ y = 2k and
2
1
x = y 2 ⇒ 4k 2 =
2

49. (4)

m
co
50. (2)

n.
51. (1)
52. (3)

io
at
uc
i ed
sh
ak
.s
w
w
w

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