GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING

JODHPUR

Topic:- WRITING BIBLIOGRAPHY IN VANCOUVER STYLE

Subject :- Advance Nursing Practice

Submitted To:- Submitted By:-

Mrs. Annamma Sumon Gaje Singh
Associate Professor M.Sc. Nursing (Previous)
GCON Jodhpur GCON Jodhpur
 BIBLIOGRAPHY IN VANCOUVER STYLE

Bibliography : A bibliography is a list of books, scholarly articles, speeches, private records,

diaries, interviews, laws, letters, websites, and other sources you use when researching a topic and
writing a paper. The bibliography appears at the end.
There may be items which you have consulted for your work, but not cited. These can be listed at
the end of your assignment in a ‘bibliography’. These items should be listed in alphabetical order
by author and laid out in the same way as items in your reference list. If you can cite from every
work you consulted, you will only need a reference list. If you wish to show to your reader
(examiner) the unused research you carried out, the bibliography will show your extra effort. You
will not need to number each work listed in your bibliography
Bibliography entries must be written in a very specific format, but that format will depend on the
particular style of writing you follow. Your teacher or publisher will tell you which style to use,
and for most academic papers it will be either
1. MLA (Modern Language Association.
2. American Psychological Association (APA),
3. Chicago (author-date citations or footnotes/endnotes format), or Turabian style.
4. Vancouver, used in medicine and related disciplines.

Bibliography entries should be listed in alphabetical order by the last name of the first author. If you are
using two publications that are written by the same author, the order and format will depend on the style
guide.

1. MLA (Modern Language Association) Style - list the duplicate-author entries in alphabetical order
according to the title of the work. The author's name is written as normal for his or her first entry, but
for the second entry, you will replace the author's name with three long dashes.

2. APA (American Psychological Association) style, you list the duplicate-author entries in
chronological order of publication, placing the earliest first. The name of the author is used for all
entries. For works with more than one author, styles vary as to whether you invert the name of any
authors after the first. Whether you use title casing or sentence-style casing on titles of sources, and
whether you separate elements with commas or periods also varies among different style guides.
Consult the guide's manual for more detailed information.

3. Chicago's Style: Chicago has two different ways of citing works consulted: using a bibliography or a
references page. Use of a bibliography or a references page depends on whether you're using author-
date parenthetical citations in the paper or footnotes/endnotes. If you're using parenthetical citations,
then you'll follow the references page formatting. If you're using footnotes or endnotes, you'll use a
bibliography. The difference in the formatting of entries between the two systems is the location of the
date of the cited publication. In a bibliography, it goes at the end of an entry. In a references list in the
author-date style, it goes right after the author's name, similar to APA style.

4. Vancouver Style : is a numerical style of referencing designed by the National Library of Medicine's
(NLM) International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). It is widely used in medicine and
the clinical sciences. Further details of Vancouver referencing can be found from the NLM's Citing
Medicine Style Guide. Some elements of the standard offer a choice of approaches; ensure that you use
a consistent standard in your own work. The examples given in this tutorial are based on the University
Library's interpretation of the standard. Referencing in the Vancouver style is a two-part process: • A
number in the text: this is a numerical reference in the text of your work, relating to a numbered
reference in the reference list. The number should immediately follow the use of the material whether
quoted or paraphrased. • Reference list: a complete numbered list of all the cited references used in
 your work with full bibliographic details, to allow the reader to follow up these references and find the
original text.

A. History about Vancouver Style • Small group of editors met in Vancouver, Canada in 1978. Known
as Vancouver group • Established guidelines for format of manuscripts submitted to their journals
Guidelines developed by the NLM (National Library of Medicine), first published in 1979 • Group
expanded to International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)\ • ICMJE broadened concerns
to include ethical principles related to publication in biomedical journals .Revised on a regular basis
most recent revision 2005 • ICMJE still operates as a small working group • Most biomedical journals
today use Vancouver • Vancouver -accredited journals are encouraged to state the use of the technique in
their Instructions to Authors

Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers to follow up what
you have written and more fully understand the cited author’s work.
Steps in referencing
 Record the full bibliographic details and relevant page numbers of the source from which
information is taken.
 Punctuation marks and spaces in the reference list and citations are very important.
 Follow the punctuation and spacing exactly.
 Insert the citation at the appropriate place in the text of your document.
 Include a reference list that includes all in-text citations at the end of your document.

VANCOUVER STYLE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BOOKS

Arranging entries: Provide full citations for all sources that were referenced in your text. Arrange the entries
numerically in the order that they appeared in your work, disregarding alphabetization. For example, a
referenced work authored by Wilson may appear first in the list, while Abbotsford might appear sixth.
Author names: List author names in the order that they appear in the reference material. Invert authors’
names (putting surname first) and change middle names and first names to initials (there should be a
maximum of two initials after each surname). Include all authors’ names, to a maximum of six authors.
Separate each author’s name by a comma and a space. For references that include more than six authors, list
the first 6 author names, followed by a comma and et al. Conclude author information with a period.

 Author of the chapter : Author names: List author names in the order that they appear in the reference
material. Invert authors’ names (putting surname first) and change middle names and first names to
initials (there should be a maximum of two initials after each surname). Include all authors’ names,
to a maximum of six authors. Separate each author’s name by a comma and a space
 Book: chapter in an edited book
 Title of chapter followed by, In:
 Editor (always put (ed.) after the name)
 Title of book (this should be in italics) •
 Series title and number (if part of a series) •
 Edition (if not the first edition) • Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the
first named) •
 Publisher • Year of publication •
 Page numbers (use ‘p.’ before single and multiple page numbers)

Arranging entries: Provide full citations for all sources that were referenced in your text. Arrange the entries
numerically in the order that they appeared in your work, disregarding alphabetization. For example, a
referenced work authored by Wilson may appear first in the list, while Abbotsford might appear sixth.. For
references that include more than six authors, list the first 6 author names, followed by a comma and et al.
Conclude author information with a period.

Example: van Hooijdonk R, Winters T, Fischer JC, van Dongen-Lases EC, Krinsley JS, Preiser J, et al. If no
author names can be found, begin the reference with the title of the document. Titles: Use sentence case for
all titles (book titles, journal titles, article titles, magazine titles, etc.). Capitalize only the first word of article
titles and any proper nouns or abbreviations. Conclude titles with a period. Page numbers: Include the full
range of page numbers that encompass the article or other document. Do not repeat page numbers unless
they are followed by a letter (i.e., 117-119 becomes 117-9 but 34A-37A is fine). Conclude page information
with a period.

 Partridge H, Hallam G. Evidence-based practice and information literacy. In: Lipu S, Williamson K,
Lloyd A. (eds.) Exploring methods in information literacy research. Wagga Wagga, Australia: Centre
for Information Studies; 2007. p.149–170.
 Tripathi KD. Essentials of medical pharmacology. 6 th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee brothers medical
publishers; 2008. p.757-65.
 Dutta DC. Textbook of gynaecology including contraception. 5 th ed. Calcutta India: New central
book agency (P) Ltd publication; 2008. p. 107-20.
 Bennett GL, Horuk R. Iodination of chemokines for use in receptor binding analysis. In: Horuk R,
editor. Chemokine receptors. New York (NY): Academic Press; 1997. p. 134-48.

IN VANCOUVER STYLE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF JOURNALS

Journal article: print • Author • Title of journal article • Title of journal (this should be in italics) • Year
of publication • Volume number • (Issue number) • Page numbers of the article Chhibber PK, Majumdar
SK. Foreign ownership and profitability: Property rights, control, and the performance of firms in Indian
industry. Journal of Law & Economics. 1999;42(1): 209–238.
Journal article: online/electronic Most online articles will have a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and you
should use this in your reference. Always check your student handbook and coursework guidance as
some lecturers/tutors will provide specific guidance on the use of DOI or URL. If you read the article in
a full-text database service, such as Factiva or EBSCO, and do not have a DOI or direct URL to the
article you should use the database URL.
Author •
 Title of journal article
 Title of journal (this should be in italics)
 Year of publication
 Volume number • (Issue number)
 Page numbers of the article •
 URL or DOI (if available)
Example :
 Errani M, Garner H. A tale of two citations. Nature. 2008;451(7177): 397–399.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v451/n7177/full/451397a.
 Snowdon J. Severe depression in old age. Medicine Today. 2002 Dec;3(12):40-47.
 McInnes D, Bollen J. Learning on the job: metaphors of choreography and the practice of sex in sex-
onpremises venues. Venereology 2000; 13(1):27-36..
 Skalsky K, Yahav D, Bishara J, Pitlik S, Leibovici L, Paul M. Treatment of human brucellosis:
systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2008 Mar
29;336(7646):701-4
 Innes K, Jackson D, Plummer V, Elliott D. Care of patient in emergency department waiting rooms:
an integrative review. JAN. 2015 Dec; 71(12): 2702-08.
1) Eslamian J, Moeini M, Soleimani M. Challenges in nursing continuing education: A qualitative study.
Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2015;20(3):378-86.
2) Hui E, Woo J, Hjelm M, Zhang YT, Tsui HT. Telemedicine: A pilot study in nursing home residents.
Gerentology. 2001;47:82-7.

VANCOUVER STYLE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WEBSITE

A website is cited similarly to a book or article by including the author, title, publisher, date of publication,
and URL for the source. The bibliographic entry style varies depending on the utilization of Chicago, APA,
or MLA style, but all of these elements are always included when available

Web page/website • Author/Editor (use the corporate author if no individual author or editor is named) •
Title (this should be in italics) • URL • [Date of access] European Space Agency. Rosetta: rendezvous with a
comet. http://rosetta.esa.int [Accessed 15th June 2015]. Layouts for your reference list and bibliography
Email: personal Personal emails should be referenced as personal communication, unless you have
permission from the sender and receiver to include their details in your reference list. • Sender • Email sent
to • Name of receiver • Date, month and year of communication Harrison R. Email sent to: Mimi Weiss
Johnson. 10th June 2014.
Author(s)/Editor(s) surname Initial(s). Title. [online]. Publisher: place of publication; Year [Accessed date].
Available from: URL
Year can include month if preferred.
If a specific author cannot be found, attribute to the organisation or corporation.
SukYin A. Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene and breast cancer. [online]. Human Genome
Epidemiology Network, National Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention: Atlanta GA; 2002 Jun [Accessed 8 September 2008]. Available
from: http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/hugenet/factsheets/FS_COMT.htm
Overseas Development Institute, Humanitarian Policy Group. Welcome to HPG. [online]. ODI: London;
2007 [Accessed 9 July 2007]. Available from: http://odi.org.uk/hpg/index.html

VANCOUVER STYLE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

Newspaper article
Author(s) surname Initial(s). Title of article: subtitle of article. Newspaper title (in full) Year Month and date
of publication; section name (if applicable):page numbers of contribution.
Rowbottom M. The Big Question: how prevalent is the use of drugs in sport, and can it be defeated? The
Independent 2006 Aug 1;Sect. Sport:5

VANCOUVER STYLE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

DISSERTATION AND THESES

Title Apply the same format for titles as is outlined in the General Guidelines (above). Add a space
followed, in square brackets, by “dissertation” (for doctoral dissertations) or “master’s thesis”. Conclude the
title with a period. Place of Publication The place of publication is the city in which the institution granting
the degree is located. As with books, two letter abbreviations for states, provinces, or countries should be
added for smaller cities or those with ambiguous city names (i.e., Vancouver (B.C) or Vancouver (WA)).
Publisher The publisher is the name of the institution that is granting the degree (i.e., University of Calgary).
Add a semi-colon and space after the name of the publisher. Page Numbers Add the total number of pages in
the thesis or dissertation, not including appendices or indices (unless these are included in the thesis page
count). Page numbers are followed by a space, the letter p, and a period.
Morrison G. Polymer concepts in biophysics [dissertation]. [College Park (MD)]: University of Maryland;
2008. 174 p. Zaplatynski, A M. Factors affecting success in organic chemistry [master’s thesis]. [Boca Raton
(FL)]: Florida Atlantic University; 2006. 79 p.