CC6 08 Test Bank

Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
Chapter 8
The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance
Multiple-Choice Questions
1) The creation of offspring carrying genetic information from a single parent is called
A) asexual reproduction.
B) sexual reproduction.
C) a life cycle.
D) regeneration.
E) spontaneous generation.
Answer: A
Topic: Opening Essay
Skill: Factual Recall
2) Which of the following statements regarding sexual and asexual reproduction is true?
A) Cell division only occurs after sexual reproduction.
B) Only offspring from asexual reproduction inherit traits from two parents.
C) Sexual reproduction typically includes the development of unfertilized eggs.
D) Sexual reproduction is more likely to increase genetic variation than is asexual reproduction.
E) Only asexual reproduction results from the union of a sperm and an egg.
Answer: D
Topic: Opening Essay, 8.1
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
3) Strictly speaking, the phrase "like begets like" refers to

A) all forms of reproduction.
B) sexual reproduction only.
C) asexual reproduction only.
D) production of gametes from a premeiotic cell.
E) sexual reproduction between different species.
Answer: C
Topic: 8.1
4) Asexual reproduction requires ________ individual(s).

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
1
Answer: B
Topic: 8.1
5) With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the same two biological parents are likely to look similar, but
not identical, to each other because they have
A) identical chromosomes, but different genes.
B) identical genes but different chromosomes.
C) the same combination of traits, but different genes.
D) only a 20% chance of sharing the same combination of genes.
E) a similar but not identical combination of genes.
Answer: E
Topic: 8.1
6) Virchow's principle, stated formally in 1858, was that

A) animals must always reproduce.
B) photosynthesis is the center of all life.
C) animals must develop.
D) every cell comes from a cell.
E) all life evolves.
Answer: D
Topic: 8.2
7) Which of the following statements regarding cell division is false?

A) Cell division can reproduce an entire organism.
B) Cell division is necessary for development to occur.
C) Cell division ensures the continuity of life from generation to generation.
D) Cell division is the basis of both sexual and asexual reproduction.
E) Cell division is common in eukaryotes but rare in prokaryotes.
Answer: E
Topic: 8.2
8) Which of the following statements regarding prokaryotes is false?

A) Prokaryotic chromosomes are more complex than those of eukaryotes.
B) Most prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission.
C) Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.
D) In prokaryotes, daughter chromosomes are separated by an active movement away from each other and the growth of
a new plasma membrane between them.
E) Daughter prokaryotic chromosomes are separated by some sort of active movement away from each other and the
growth of new plasma membrane between them.
Answer: A
Topic: 8.3, 8.4
2
9) Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they

A) are simpler.
B) are circular in structure.
C) include fewer proteins.
D) are copied immediately after cell division.
E) are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
Answer: E
Topic: 8.4
10) Which of the following helps maintain the structure of chromosomes and control the activity of genes?
A) the nuclear membrane
B) proteins
C) centromeres
D) ribosomes
E) lipids
Answer: B
Topic: 8.4
11) Sister chromatids are

A) found right after a cell divides.
B) tightly linked together at a centromere.
C) formed when chromatids separate during cell division.
D) made only of DNA.
E) unique to prokaryotes.
Answer: B
Topic: 8.4
12) Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called
A) chromatin.
B) sister chromosomes.
C) DNA transcripts.
D) nucleoli.
E) sister chromatids.
Answer: E
Topic: 8.4
13) Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase?
A) interphase
3
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase
Answer: A
Topic: 8.5
14) Which of the following occurs during interphase?

A) a reduction in the size of the nuclear membrane
B) duplication of the chromosomes
C) cytokinesis
D) cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes
E) separation of newly formed DNA to opposite ends of the cell
Answer: D
Topic: 8.5
15) The genetic material is duplicated during

A) the mitotic phase.
B) G1.
C) the S phase.
D) G2.
E) mitosis.
Answer: C
Topic: 8.5
Skill: Application
16) If the S phase were eliminated from the cell cycle, the daughter cells would
A) have half the genetic material found in the parent cell.
B) be genetically identical to each other.
C) be genetically identical to the parent cell.
D) synthesize the missing genetic material on their own.
E) continue to function without the normal amount of DNA.
Answer: A
Topic: 8.5
17) The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called
A) mitosis.
B) cytokinesis.
C) binary fission.
D) telophase.
E) spindle formation.
4
Answer: B
Topic: 8.5
18) Looking into your microscope, you spot an unusual cell. Instead of the typical rounded cell shape, the cell has a very
narrow middle separating two bulging ends. It sort of looks like the number 8! Then you realize that this cell is
A) undergoing cytokinesis.
B) in the S phase of interphase.
C) in the G1 phase of interphase.
D) in the G2 phase of interphase.
E) about to undergo mitosis.
Answer: A
Topic: 8.5
Skill: Application
19) The phase of mitosis during which the nuclear envelope fragments and the nucleoli disappear is called
A) interphase.
B) prophase.
C) metaphase.
D) anaphase.
E) telophase.
Answer: B
Topic: 8.6
20) During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles?
A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase
Answer: C
Topic: 8.6
21) At the start of mitotic anaphase,

A) the centromeres of each chromosome come apart.
B) sister chromatids separate.
C) the chromatid DNA replicates.
D) daughter chromosomes begin to move toward opposite poles of the cell.
E) equivalent and complete collections of chromosomes have reached the two poles.
Answer: A
Topic: 8.6
22) During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form and the nucleoli reappear?
5
A) anaphase
B) metaphase
C) prophase
D) interphase
E) telophase
Answer: E
Topic: 8.6
23) Which of the following is a feature of plant cell division that distinguishes it from animal cell division?
A) formation of a cell plate
B) formation of a cleavage furrow
C) lack of cytokinesis
D) production of four (rather than two) new cells per mitotic division
E) disappearance and subsequent reappearance of the nucleolus
Answer: A
Topic: 8.7
24) Which of the following features likely accounts for the difference between plant and animal cell cytokinesis?
A) Animal cells lack the microfilaments required for forming a cleavage furrow.
B) Animal cells lack chloroplasts.
C) Plant cell division must maintain the integrity of the cell wall.
D) Plant cells have two sets of chromosomes; animal cells have one set of chromosomes.
E) Plant and animal cells do not have a common ancestor.
Answer: C
Topic: 8.7
25) Which of the following must occur for a plant or animal to grow and develop normally?
A) The organism must receive a supply of the appropriate hormones from its parents.
B) The organism must be able to control the timing and rate of cell division in different parts of its body.
C) Sufficient light must be available to stimulate cell division.
D) Sufficient oxygen must be available to stimulate cell division.
E) Dividing cells must be freed from attachment sites.
Answer: B
Topic: 8.8
26) When animal cells are grown in a petri dish, they typically stop dividing once they have formed a single, unbroken
layer on the bottom of the dish. This arrest of division is an example of
A) cancer.
B) cell constraint.
C) density-dependent inhibition.
D) cell division repression.
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E) growth factor desensitization.
Answer: C
Topic: 8.8
27) As a patch of scraped skin heals, the cells fill in the injured area but do not grow beyond that. This is an example of
A) density-independent inhibition.
B) density-dependent inhibition.
C) anchorage independence.
D) growth factor inhibition.
E) anchorage-dependent inhibition.
Answer: B
Topic: 8.8
Skill: Application
28) Which of the following is probably the main factor responsible for the phenomenon of density-dependent inhibition?
A) a local accumulation of growth-inhibiting factors
B) availability of growth factors
C) cells' innate ability to "sense" when the organ of which they are a part has no need for additional cells
D) a local deficiency of nutrients
E) physical contact of cell-surface proteins between adjacent cells.
Answer: B
Topic: 8.8
29) Mature human nerve cells and muscle cells

A) remain undifferentiated unless an injury occurs.
B) become cancerous more easily than other cell types.
C) continue to divide throughout their lifetime.
D) are permanently in a state of nondivision.
E) cease dividing after a predetermined number of cell generations.
Answer: D
Topic: 8.9
30) Which of the following statements regarding the cell-cycle control system is false?
A) The cell-cycle control system receives messages from outside the cell that influence cell division.
B) The cell-cycle control system triggers and controls major events in the cell cycle.
C) The cell-cycle control system is influenced by growth factors that bind to cell receptors.
D) The cell-cycle control system includes three key checkpoints to complete a cell cycle.
E) The cell-cycle control system operates independently of the growth factors.
Answer: E
Topic: 8.9
7
31) The cell cycle control system is most like
A) a row of dominoes falling down, each one triggering the fall of the next.
B) the control device of an automatic washing machine.
C) an orchestra directed by a conductor.
D) a light switch turning on a set of room lights.
E) a video game controller.
Answer: B
Topic: 8.9
32) You are asked to culture an unidentified sample of animal tissue. You notice that the cells seem to fail to exhibit
density-dependent inhibition. The source of this tissue sample is most likely
A) a scar.
B) a cancer.
C) skin.
D) a fetal liver.
E) the sperm-producing tissue of the testis.
Answer: B
Topic: 8.10
Skill: Application
33) A benign tumor differs from a malignant tumor in that a benign tumor
A) is cancerous.
B) spreads from the original site.
C) does not metastasize.
D) never causes health problems.
E) can only arise in the brain, whereas a malignant tumor can arise anywhere in the body.
Answer: C
Topic: 8.10
34) Which of the following shows the greatest promise as a cancer chemotherapy agent?
A) a drug that causes cells to divide at a right angle from their usual orientation
B) a drug that interferes with cellular respiration
C) a drug that prevents sister chromatids from separating at anaphase
D) a drug that prevents crossing over
E) a drug that prevents tetrad formation
Answer: C
Topic: 8.10
Skill: Application
35) Which of the following statements regarding the function of mitosis is false?
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A) Mitosis allows organisms to grow.
B) Mitosis allows organisms to generate genetic diversity.
C) Mitosis allows organisms to reproduce asexually.
D) Mitosis allows organisms to repair tissues.
E) Mitosis allows organisms to regenerate lost parts.
Answer: B
Topic: 8.11
36) Two chromosomes in a nucleus that carry loci for the same traits in the same positions on the chromosome but specify
different versions of some traits constitute a pair of
A) homologous chromosomes.
B) heterologous chromosomes.
C) complementary chromosomes.
D) polyploid chromosomes.
E) parallel chromosomes.
Answer: A
Topic: 8.12
37) A pair of male human sex chromosomes is most like

A) a pair of blue jeans.
B) a bride and groom.
C) a knife, fork, and spoon.
D) identical twins.
E) the letters of the alphabet.
Answer: B
Topic: 8.12
Skill: Application
38) Which of the following statements regarding mitosis and meiosis is false?
A) Meiosis only occurs in the ovaries and testes.
B) All sexual life cycles involve an alternation of diploid and haploid stages.
C) Mitosis produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
D) A normal human zygote has 46 chromosomes.
E) A haploid cell has half the chromosomes of a diploid cell.
Answer: C
Topic: 8.13
39) Which of the following statements is false?

A) A typical body cell is called a somatic cell.
B) Gametes are haploid cells.
C) Somatic cells are diploid.
D) Gametes are made by mitosis.
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E) A zygote is a fertilized egg.
Answer: D
Topic: 8.12, 8.13
40) During which stage of meiosis does synapsis and the formation of tetrads occur?
A) interphase I
B) prophase I
C) interphase II
D) prophase II
E) metaphase I
Answer: B
Topic: 8.14
41) Which of the following options correctly describes the behavior of a tetrad during anaphase I of meiosis?
A) It goes intact to one pole of the dividing cell.
B) It splits into two pairs of sister chromatids, and one pair goes to each pole of the dividing cell.
C) It splits into two pairs of homologous, nonsister chromatids, and one pair goes to each pole of the dividing cell.
D) It splits into four chromosomes, which distribute in random pairs to the two poles of the dividing cell.
E) It splits into four chromosomes, which distribute in sister-chromosome pairs to the two poles of the dividing cell.
Answer: B
Topic: 8.14
42) Which of the following statements regarding the differences between mitosis and meiosis is false?
A) In meiosis four daughter cells are produced, whereas in mitosis two daughter cells are produced.
B) Cells produced by mitosis are diploid, whereas cells produced by meiosis are haploid.
C) In mitosis cytokinesis occurs once, whereas in meiosis cytokinesis occurs twice.
D) Crossing over is a phenomenon that creates genetic diversity during mitosis.
E) Mitosis, but not meiosis, occurs in somatic cells.
Answer: D
Topic: 8.14, 8.15
43) Which of the following statements regarding mitosis and meiosis is false?
A) Mitosis provides for growth and tissue repair.
B) Meiosis provides for asexual reproduction.
C) In mitosis, the chromosomes replicate only once in the preceding interphase.
D) In meiosis, the chromosomes replicate only once in the preceding interphase.
E) All the events unique to meiosis occur during meiosis I.
Answer: B
Topic: 8.15
10
44) Both mitosis and meiosis are preceded by
A) prometaphase.
B) interphase.
C) prophase.
D) telophase.
E) anaphase.
Answer: B
Topic: 8.15
45) Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I and random fertilization are most like
A) shuffling cards and dealing out hands of poker.
B) cutting up a pie into eight even-sized slices.
C) alphabetizing files in a filing cabinet.
D) pairing up similar socks after washing your clothes.
E) stringing beads onto a string to make a necklace.
Answer: A
Topic: 8.16
46) Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I results in an increase in the number of

A) gametes.
B) homologous chromosomes.
C) possible combinations of characteristics.
D) sex chromosomes.
E) points of crossing over.
Answer: C
Topic: 8.17
47) Which of the following statements regarding genetic diversity is false?

A) Genetic diversity is enhanced by random fertilization.
B) Genetic diversity is enhanced by independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I.
C) Genetic diversity is enhanced by mitosis of somatic cells.
D) Genetic diversity is enhanced by crossing over during prophase I of meiosis.
E) Genetic diversity is enhanced by random mutations of the DNA.
Answer: C
Topic: 8.16-8.18
48) Karyotyping
A) shows chromosomes as they appear in metaphase of meiosis II.
B) can reveal alterations in chromosome number.
C) examines points of crossing over.
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D) reveals the results of independent orientation of chromosomes during meiosis I.
E) reveals the presence of cancerous genes.
Answer: B
Topic: 8.19
49) A karyotype is most like

A) a map showing the hidden location of buried treasure.
B) a movie showing the stages of the reproductive cycle of a beetle.
C) a necklace formed by stringing beads onto a string.
D) photographs of every couple at a high school prom.
E) the answer key to a multiple-choice exam.
Answer: D
Topic: 8.19
50) Which of the following statements regarding Down syndrome is false?

A) Trisomy 21 usually leads to Down syndrome.
B) A human embryo with an abnormal number of chromosomes is usually spontaneously aborted.
C) Down syndrome is the most common serious birth defect in the United States.
D) People with Down syndrome usually have a life span much shorter than normal.
E) Women with Down syndrome cannot reproduce.
Answer: E
Topic: 8.20
51) Nondisjunction occurs when

A) a portion of a chromosome breaks off and is lost.
B) chromosomes replicate too many times.
C) two chromosomes fuse into one.
D) members of a chromosome pair fail to separate.
E) an entire pair of chromosomes is lost during meiosis I.
Answer: D
Topic: 8.21
52) Which of the following statements about nondisjunction is false?

A) Nondisjunction in meiosis can affect autosomes and sex chromosomes.
B) In mammals, extra copies of the Y chromosome are typically inactivated.
C) The absence of a Y chromosome results in "femaleness."
D) In general, a single Y chromosome is enough to produce "maleness."
E) Women with a single X chromosome have Turner syndrome and are sterile.
Answer: B
Topic: 8.22
12
53) Which of the following types of organisms commonly demonstrates polyploidy?

A) mammals
B) reptiles
C) flowering plants
D) amphibians
E) fish
Answer: C
Topic: 8.23-Evolution Connection
54) How many generations does it take to develop a new plant species by nondisjunction?
A) one
B) two
C) ten
D) twenty
E) fifty
Answer: A
Topic: 8.23-Evolution Connection
55) Which of the following variations of the sentence "Where is the cat" is most like a chromosomal deletion?
A) Where is cat?
B) Where is the the cat?
C) Where the is cat?
D) Where is cat the the cat?
E) Where is is is is the cat?
Answer: A
Topic: 8.24
56) If a chromosome fragment breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome, but in the reverse direction, the
resulting chromosomal abnormality is called a(n)
A) deletion.
B) inversion.
C) translocation.
D) nondisjunction.
E) reciprocal translocation.
Answer: B
Topic: 8.24
57) Cancer is not usually inherited because

A) the chromosomal changes in cancer are usually confined to somatic cells.
13
B) people with cancer usually die before reproducing.
C) cancer typically causes disruptions of meiosis.
D) the causes of cancer are not usually genetic.
E) the cancerous cells usually interfere with the ability to produce gametes.
Answer: A
Topic: 8.24
Art Questions
1)
What type of cell is shown?

A) animal cell in metaphase
B) animal cell in telophase
C) plant cell in metaphase
D) plant cell in telophase
E) plant cell in interphase
Answer: D
Topic: 8.6, 8.7
Skill: Application
14
2)
According to the graph, at what maternal age does the incidence of Down syndrome begin to increase substantially?
A) about 26 or 27
B) about 31 or 32
C) about 37 or 38
D) about 42 or 43
E) about 45 or 46
Answer: C
Topic: 8.20
Skill: Application
3)
If these four cells resulted from cell division of a single cell with diploid chromosome number 2n = 4, what best describes
what just occurred?
A) normal binary fission
B) normal mitosis
C) normal meiosis
D) meiosis with nondisjunction in meiosis I
E) meiosis with nondisjunction in meiosis II
Answer: E
Topic: 8.3, 8.6, 8.14, 8.21
15
Scenario Questions
After reading the following paragraph, answer the question(s) below.
Mr. and Mrs. Smith have three sons in elementary school. Two of their children are progressing normally, but their last
son, Charles, has been much slower than his siblings at developing speech and language skills. His parents are concerned
that he has a learning disability and decide to investigate further. Since some learning disabilities can be genetically
based, their pediatrician recommends a chromosomal analysis.
The results show that Charles has a trisomy of the sex chromosomes, diagnosed as XYY, which is caused by
nondisjunction in the formation of the father's sperm. The nondisjunction resulted in an extra copy of the Y chromosome.
The extra copy was passed on to Charles during fertilization. Most often, this chromosomal change causes no unusual
physical features or medical problems, but those with trisomy of the sex chromosomes do have a higher than normal risk
of delays in learning development.
1) During which stage of meiosis must this nondisjunction have occurred?

A) anaphase I
B) metaphase I
C) metaphase II
D) anaphase II
E) prophase II
Answer: C
Topic: 8.16, 8.19, 8.20-8.22
2) If Charles gets married and starts a family, which of the following chromosomal abnormalities might be found in his
children?
A) XY
B) XX
C) XYY
D) XO
E) XXY
Answer: E
Topic: 8.16, 8.19, 8.20-8.22
Skill: Application
16

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Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

3) Strictly speaking, the phrase "like begets like" refers to

4) Asexual reproduction requires ________ individual(s).

6) Virchow's principle, stated formally in 1858, was that

7) Which of the following statements regarding cell division is false?

8) Which of the following statements regarding prokaryotes is false?

9) Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they

11) Sister chromatids are

14) Which of the following occurs during interphase?

15) The genetic material is duplicated during

21) At the start of mitotic anaphase,

29) Mature human nerve cells and muscle cells

37) A pair of male human sex chromosomes is most like

39) Which of the following statements is false?

46) Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I results in an increase in the number of

47) Which of the following statements regarding genetic diversity is false?

49) A karyotype is most like

50) Which of the following statements regarding Down syndrome is false?

51) Nondisjunction occurs when

52) Which of the following statements about nondisjunction is false?

53) Which of the following types of organisms commonly demonstrates polyploidy?

57) Cancer is not usually inherited because

What type of cell is shown?

1) During which stage of meiosis must this nondisjunction have occurred?

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