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    (Sci) Unit 5

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    dhbn1310
    The document discusses different types of materials including metals and non-metals, and their properties. It also covers metal mixtures called alloys, using properties of materials to separate mixtures, acids and alkalis, and indicators and the pH scale.

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    (Sci) Unit 5

    Uploaded by

    dhbn1310
    30 views6 pages
    The document discusses different types of materials including metals and non-metals, and their properties. It also covers metal mixtures called alloys, using properties of materials to separate mixtures, acids and alkalis, and indicators and the pH scale.

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    A summary about Unit 5 Cambridge Science 7

    Original Title

    [SCI] UNIT 5

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    The document discusses different types of materials including metals and non-metals, and their properties. It also covers metal mixtures called alloys, using properties of materials to separate mixtures, acids and alkalis, and indicators and the pH scale.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views6 pages

    (Sci) Unit 5

    Uploaded by

    dhbn1310
    The document discusses different types of materials including metals and non-metals, and their properties. It also covers metal mixtures called alloys, using properties of materials to separate mixtures, acids and alkalis, and indicators and the pH scale.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    UNIT 5: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

    5.1 Metals and Non-metals


    * Metals
    ● There are different kinds of metal: magnesium, copper, aluminium, iron, sodium,...
    ● Metals do many jobs in life (useful):
    + Iron, steel,... are used in the construction of buildings, bridges,...
    + Gold, silver,... are used in jewelry
    ● Metals have many properties:

    * Non-metals
    ● Many different kinds of non-metals: Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen
    ● Non-metals are useful because of the chemical reactions with other substances.
    ● Non-metals have all these properties:
    + Dull (do not reflect light very well and the surface is not as smooth as metals)
    + Brittle (easily shatter)
    + Not good conductor of heat
    + Insulators (not conduct electricity) so they’re used to make electric coat
    ● Non-metals have many properties:
    + Aren’t as hardwearing as metals
    + Many are gases
    + Non-metals that are not gases have low melting points and low boiling points.
    5.2 Compare metals and non-metals

    METALS NON - METALS

    - Most are solid at room temperature - Many are gases at room temperature
    - They are shiny - They are dull
    - They do not shatter - They are brittle
    - They conduct heat very well - They do not conduct heat energy well
    - They conduct electricity - Most do not conduct electricity (Insulators)
    - They are malleable
    - They are ductile
    - They are sonorous

    5.3 Metal mixtures


    * Alloys (metal mixtures)
    - The atoms of the different metals mix but do not bond together.
    - The properties of the alloys are different from the metals they contain.
    EX: Bronze: mixing copper and tin. Bronze is harder than either copper or tin.
    Steel: mixture of iron and carbon. Steel is harder than pure iron.
    Stainless steel: Add chromium and nickel to steel. This doesn’t rust, used for cutlery.
    * Alloys in everyday life
    Coins: Silver coins aren’t made of silver. They are made of alloys (copper and nickel).
    The copper coins: copper, zinc and tin. Coins must be hardwearing but also malleable
    Jewellery: Most gold jewellery is not pure gold, it’s an alloy of gold and copper.
    Pure gold is 24 carat: 24 parts gold. 18 carat gold: 18 parts gold; 6 parts: copper, silver,...
    Aeroplanes: duralumin (pure aluminium, adding magnesium and copper)
    Artificial joints: made of plastic and alloys, often alloys of titanium
    Modern alloys: nitinol (made of nickel and titanium)
    * Brass (mixture of copper and zinc)
    Brass = mixture of copper and zinc.
    * Bronze (mixture of copper and tin)
    Bronze = mixture of copper and tin.
    5.4 Using the properties of materials to separate mixtures
    * Copper sulfate and water (liquid has boiling points, solid not)
    Left them in a warm room, water evaporates and leaves the copper sulfate in the dish.
    * Food dye and water (different boiling points)
    Heat and boil the mixture. Water evaporates, changes state from liquid to gas. Water in the
    gas state called steam. The gas travels along the tube into the condenser. The cold water
    outside the condenser cools the gas down and turns back into liquid water. The food dye
    remains in the heated container.
    5.5 Acids and alkalis
    * Acids
    ● Foods have a sour, sharp tangy taste contain citric acid. Citric acid is a weak acid.
    ● Common acids: Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid
    ● Some strong acids are corrosive. These bottles have a hazard warning label. If strong
    acid gets onto your skin, it will dissolve the skin. → get a chemical burn
    ● Dilute acids are still harmful and can irritate your skin and eyes.
    ● If you spill acid, wash the area with lots of water. The water dilute the acid.
    * Alkalis
    ● Many cleaning products contain alkalis.
    ● Strong alkalis are dangerous and corrosive.
    ● If strong alkalis gets onto your skin, it will dissolve the skin. → get a chemical burn
    ● Alkalis can be diluted with water. This makes them less dangerous.
    ● Common akalis: Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.
    * Acids and alkalis
    ● Acids and alkalis cancel each other when mixed together.
    ● When you work with Acids and Alkalis:
    - Stand up to work
    - Wear safety glasses
    - Place the top of the bottle upside down on the work surface
    - Replace the bottle top as soon as you finished using it.
    ● Hazard warning labels:
    5.6 Indicators and the pH scale
    * Distinguish
    There are 3 containers all look the same: water, acid and alkali.
    You can distinguish them when you add indicator. An indicator turns colour in an acid,
    alkali and water differently. EX: red cabbage juice, litmus, universal indicator,…
    * Red cabbage juice

    Acids Alkalis Water

    Red cabbage juice Turns red Turns yellow Turns blue

    * Litmus

    Acids Alkalis Water

    Litmus Turns red Turns blue Purple (Unchanged)

    Litmus unchange (still purple) when it’s in a neutral substance. A neutral substance is one
    that is neither acid nor alkali
    * Universal indicator
    KEYWORD UNIT 5

    Breaks with a snap Brittle

    Can transfer heat or electrical energy Conduct

    Can be drawn out into strands or wires Ductile

    Cannot transfer heat or electrical energy Insulators

    Is attracted to a magnet Magnetic

    Can easily be hammered into shape Malleable

    The substances from which objects are made Materials

    Breaks into many pieces Shatter

    Something that reflects light Shiny

    Rings like a bell Sonorous

    Touch Sontact

    Apparatus used in electrical circuits to join a wire to a material Crocodile clips

    Tell the difference between Distinguish

    To investigate or look at in detail Examine

    Mixtures of metals Alloys

    An alloy of copper and tin Bronze

    Upsets the pattern Disrupts

    An alloy of iron Steel

    Apparatus used to separate mixtures of liquids Condenser

    Glass container shaped like a cone Conical flask

    A paper placed in a filter funnel and used to separate a solid Filter paper
    from a liquid

    Apparatus used for separating a solid from a liquid Filter tunnel

    A substance which contains hydrogen particles and has a pH Acid


    lower than 7; the chemical opposite of an alkali

    A substance that contains hydroxide particles; the chemical Alkali


    opposite of an acid
    Able to dissolve or eat away other materials such as your skin Corrosive

    A substance that catches fire easily Flammable

    Causes damage Harmful

    To cause itching or sores to your body Irritate

    A substance that gives off a large amount heat energy when in Oxidising
    contact with other substances able to poison you

    Able to poison you Toxic

    A substance that changes to a different color in acid and alkali Indicator

    A type of indicator Litmus

    A substance that is neither acid nor alkali, is at pH = 7 Neutral

    Measures how acidic or alkaline a substance is pH scale

    A mixture of indicators that gives a range of colours in Universal indicator


    solutions of different pH

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