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    Chapter 5 Properties of Materials: Year 7

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    Carissa Tan
    This document discusses the properties and uses of different materials including metals, non-metals, and alloys. Metals are described as shiny, strong conductors that can be drawn into wires or beaten into shapes. Non-metals are generally brittle with low melting/boiling points and do not conduct heat/electricity well. Alloys are metal mixtures with unique properties, such as bronze being harder than copper or tin alone. Common alloys include steel for strength and stainless steel for cutlery. The document also covers separating mixtures using different techniques based on properties like solubility, density, and boiling point.

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    Chapter 5 Properties of Materials: Year 7

    Uploaded by

    Carissa Tan
    111 views21 pages
    This document discusses the properties and uses of different materials including metals, non-metals, and alloys. Metals are described as shiny, strong conductors that can be drawn into wires or beaten into shapes. Non-metals are generally brittle with low melting/boiling points and do not conduct heat/electricity well. Alloys are metal mixtures with unique properties, such as bronze being harder than copper or tin alone. Common alloys include steel for strength and stainless steel for cutlery. The document also covers separating mixtures using different techniques based on properties like solubility, density, and boiling point.

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    This document discusses the properties and uses of different materials including metals, non-metals, and alloys. Metals are described as shiny, strong conductors that can be drawn into wires or beaten into shapes. Non-metals are generally brittle with low melting/boiling points and do not conduct heat/electricity well. Alloys are metal mixtures with unique properties, such as bronze being harder than copper or tin alone. Common alloys include steel for strength and stainless steel for cutlery. The document also covers separating mixtures using different techniques based on properties like solubility, density, and boiling point.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    111 views21 pages

    Chapter 5 Properties of Materials: Year 7

    Uploaded by

    Carissa Tan
    This document discusses the properties and uses of different materials including metals, non-metals, and alloys. Metals are described as shiny, strong conductors that can be drawn into wires or beaten into shapes. Non-metals are generally brittle with low melting/boiling points and do not conduct heat/electricity well. Alloys are metal mixtures with unique properties, such as bronze being harder than copper or tin alone. Common alloys include steel for strength and stainless steel for cutlery. The document also covers separating mixtures using different techniques based on properties like solubility, density, and boiling point.

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    Chapter 5 Properties of

    materials
    Year 7
    Metals

     Shiny
     High boiling point
     High melting point
     Ductile – can be drawn into wires
     Malleable – can be beaten into shapes
     High density
     Strong
     Mostly solids except mercury which is a liquid
     Sonorous
     Good conductors of heat
     Good conductors of electricity
     Some are magnetic – iron, cobalt, nickel, steel
    Non - metals

     Brittle
     Low boiling point
     Low melting point
     Low density
     Cannot conduct heat
     Cannot conduct electricity , Carbon is an exception
    Alloys

     Metal mixtures are called alloys


     Properties of alloys are different from the metals
     Bronze- copper and tin. Harder
     Steel- iron and carbon
     Chromium and nickel = stainless steel. Used for cutlery
     Alloys are harder and stronger than the metals because of the arrangement of
    the atoms , they cannot slide over and are stuck in place.
    Use of alloys

     Coins – copper, zinc and tin


     Jewellery – gold and copper
     Aeroplanes – aluminium , magnesium and copper = duralumin.
     Artificial joints = plastic and alloys , often titanium
     Modern alloys = nitinol= nickel and titanium, eye glasses
     Brass = copper and zinc
     Tables on page 166 and 167
    Separation of mixtures

     We use properties of the constituents of a mixture to separate them


     Whether they are soluble in water, insoluble, magnetic,
     Copper sulfate and water – dissolve in water and evaporate
     Food dye and water – distillation – different boiling points. This is also used to
    separate water from alcohol/ ethanol
     Fractional distillation is used to separate fractions of petroleum
     Chromatography – to separate dyes which have different solubility in a solvent
     Decanting – separate insoluble solid from a liquid. Also filtering.
     Sieving – solids of different sizes
     Centrifugation – separate solids suspended in liquid – blood cells from plasma
    Chromatography
    PH

     PH – indicators are used to tell us to how strong or weak an acid/ alkali is


     Indicators - phenolphthalein, litmus, universal indicators
     The indicators use colour change to tell us the PH
     Acids – corrosive, Sour
     Alkalis – corrosive, soapy to the touch
     Acids and alkalis cancel each other out- neutralize each other
    Acids and alkalis

     Acids – hydrochloric acid HCl


     nitric acid HNO₃
     Sulfuric acid H ₂SO₄

    Alkali – sodium hydroxide NaOH


    potassium hydroxide KOH
    calcium hydroxide CaOH
    Universal indicator
    Litmus paper
    Making indicators

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