Machine Technology CAT 2 Answers

MACHINE TECHNOLOGY(MPE 462)
PART A
1. Factors affecting the performance of a grinding wheel include abrasive material, grit
size, bond type, structure, and wheel grade.
2. A grinding wheel is an abrasive tool used for grinding and shaping surfaces. Better
surface finish is achieved because the abrasive grains on the wheel remove material
more uniformly, resulting in smoother surfaces compared to other cutting tools like
milling cutters or turning tools.
3. General guidelines for selecting bond for grinding various materials include choosing
resin bonds for general-purpose grinding, vitrified bonds for high-performance
grinding, and metal bonds for grinding hard and brittle materials like ceramics and
glass.
4. Applications of grinding process include precision machining of parts, surface

finishing for improved aesthetics, sharpening cutting tools, removing excess material
from workpieces, and achieving tight tolerances in manufacturing.
5. The performance of a grinding wheel depends on factors such as abrasive material,

grit size, bond type, wheel structure, and wheel grade.
6. Lapping and honing are precision machining processes used to achieve high levels of
surface finish and dimensional accuracy. Lapping involves rubbing two surfaces
together with an abrasive slurry between them, while honing involves the use of
abrasive stones to improve the surface finish of cylindrical surfaces.
7. Lapping involves the use of loose abrasive particles to achieve high surface finish and
flatness.
Honing is used to improve the geometric accuracy and surface finish of cylindrical
surfaces using abrasive stones.
Superfinishing is a high-precision machining process used to achieve extremely
low surface rouextremely
8. Polishing involves the use of abrasives and polishing compounds to remove surface
imperfections and produce a smooth, reflective surface.
Buffing is a process that uses a rotating wheel covered with a soft material to apply
polishing compounds and achieve a glossy finish.
9. Grinding is a material removal process used to achieve high precision and surface
finish, while finishing operations like polishing and buffing are used to improve
surface quality and aesthetics after grinding. Grinding is typically used for removing
large amounts of material, while finishing operations are used for refining surfaces to
achieve desired specifications.
PART B
1. Machinability: Machinability refers to the ease with which a material can be

machined, indicating how well it responds to various machining processes such as
cutting, drilling, or milling.
2. Factors Associated with Machinability: Factors associated with machinability include

the material's hardness, toughness, thermal conductivity, chemical composition,
microstructure, and workpiece geometry.
3. Factors on which Machinability Depends: Machinability depends on factors such as

cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, tool geometry, cutting conditions, and the type
and condition of cutting tool.
4. Criteria for Evaluating Machinability: Criteria for evaluating machinability include

tool life, surface finish, cutting forces, power consumption, chip formation, and the
ability to maintain dimensional accuracy.
5. Machinability Index: The machinability index is a numerical value that quantifies the
relative ease of machining different materials. It provides a standardized measure for
comparing the machinability of various materials.
6. Cutting Fluid: A cutting fluid is a coolant or lubricant used during machining
operations to reduce friction, dissipate heat, flush away chips, and improve surface
finish.
7. Functions of Cutting Fluids: Cutting fluids serve functions such as cooling the
workpiece and tool, reducing friction and wear, lubricating the cutting process,
flushing away chips, protecting against corrosion, and improving surface finish.
8. Requirements of Cutting Fluids: Cutting fluids should have properties such as high
thermal conductivity, low viscosity, chemical stability, compatibility with materials
being machined, and environmental friendliness.
9. Broad Classification of Fluids: Cutting fluids are broadly classified into four types:
straight oils, soluble oils, semisynthetic fluids, and synthetic fluids. Straight oils are
mineral oils, soluble oils are emulsions of oil in water, semisynthetic fluids are a
blend of mineral oil and water, and synthetic fluids are entirely synthetic
formulations.
10. Advantages and Disadvantages of Chemical Fluids: Chemical fluids offer advantages
such as good lubrication, cooling, and chip removal, but they may pose health and
environmental hazards due to their chemical compositions and require proper disposal
methods.
11. Characteristics of Ideal Cutting Tool Material: Ideal cutting tool materials should have
high hardness, wear resistance, toughness, thermal conductivity, and chemical
stability, along with good edge retention and machinability.
12. Brief Discussion of Tool Materials:
Carbon steels: Affordable and easy to machine, but limited in hardness and wear resistance.
High-speed steels: Offer high hardness and wear resistance at elevated temperatures, suitable
for high-speed machining.
Stellites: Cobalt-based alloys with excellent wear resistance and toughness, used for
machining hard materials.
Cemented carbides: Consist of carbide particles bonded with a metal matrix, providing high
hardness and wear resistance, commonly used in machining.
Abrasives: Cutting tools made from abrasive materials like diamond or cubic boron nitride,
used for grinding and cutting hard materials.

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MACHINE TECHNOLOGY(MPE 462)

4. Applications of grinding process include precision machining of parts, surface

5. The performance of a grinding wheel depends on factors such as abrasive material,

1. Machinability: Machinability refers to the ease with which a material can be

2. Factors Associated with Machinability: Factors associated with machinability include

3. Factors on which Machinability Depends: Machinability depends on factors such as

4. Criteria for Evaluating Machinability: Criteria for evaluating machinability include

12. Brief Discussion of Tool Materials:

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