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    BME - Wind Energy - 2023

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    BIJETA KUNWAR
    The document provides a lecture on wind energy covering topics such as wind potential in Nepal, growth in size of wind turbines, different types of wind turbines, principles of wind power generation, factors affecting wind power, and the history and development of wind turbines. It includes diagrams to illustrate wind patterns, turbine components, and power curves.

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    BME - Wind Energy - 2023

    Uploaded by

    BIJETA KUNWAR
    22 views31 pages
    The document provides a lecture on wind energy covering topics such as wind potential in Nepal, growth in size of wind turbines, different types of wind turbines, principles of wind power generation, factors affecting wind power, and the history and development of wind turbines. It includes diagrams to illustrate wind patterns, turbine components, and power curves.

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    BME_Wind Energy_2023

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    The document provides a lecture on wind energy covering topics such as wind potential in Nepal, growth in size of wind turbines, different types of wind turbines, principles of wind power generation, factors affecting wind power, and the history and development of wind turbines. It includes diagrams to illustrate wind patterns, turbine components, and power curves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views31 pages

    BME - Wind Energy - 2023

    Uploaded by

    BIJETA KUNWAR
    The document provides a lecture on wind energy covering topics such as wind potential in Nepal, growth in size of wind turbines, different types of wind turbines, principles of wind power generation, factors affecting wind power, and the history and development of wind turbines. It includes diagrams to illustrate wind patterns, turbine components, and power curves.

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    Lecture on Wind Energy

    (BME-Energy Resources)

    Compiled and Prepared by


    Dr. Nawraj Bhattarai
    Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
    Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Tribhuvan University,
    Nepal

    Tuesday, December 27, 2022

    Nawraj Bhattarai, Department of


    Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 1
    Pulchowk Campus
    Wind Potential of Nepal

    Source: SWERA,2008
    Growth in Size of Wind Turbine

    Source: Francesca Taddei, 2015


    WIND ENERGY
    • The term wind energy or wind power
    describes the process by which wind is used to
    generate mechanical power or electricity.

    • The wind energy is form of solar energy .the


    wind alleviate atmospheric and pressure
    differnce caused by uneven solar heating of
    the earth surface
    Wind Energy
    • Much more solar energy is absorbed by the
    equator than at the pole . Warmer lighter air
    rises at the equator and flow toward the pole
    while cooler heavier air return from pole to
    replace it
    How the wind are blown?

    Wind is a flow of the gases on a large scale.

    westerly

    Trade wind
    Differential heating
    Calm belt (Equator)

    Trade wind

    westerly

    Rotation
    8
    Wind Shear
    Wind shear is largely influenced by the roughness of terrain and
    also other climate factors.

    9 Change of Shear Profile


    Wind shear

    The higher the elevation, the stronger wind blows.


    → service friction make the wind weaker

    Wind speed can be described by the following formula(power wind)

    height
    1 h1：height（low）(m) h v
    h n h：height（high）（m）
    V = V1( ) V1： wind speed of h1 （m/s） h1
    h1 V：wind speed of h（m/s）
    v1
    wind is stronger in upper level Wind speed v
    ・mountain site is applicable to wind power generation
    ・growth in the physical size of WTG
    10
    principle of blade rotation

    drag
    Air is flowed under the blade

    lift

    Resultant external force


    11
    Proper distance between WTG
    ‣proper distance is required between
    WTGs for safety (minimize wake)

    indication for WTGs distance


    predominant wind direction: x10 diameter
    crossed: x3 diameter

    Wind
    direction

    10D
    Wind
    direction
    3D

    12
    Wind Power
    The wind energy available in a unit volume of
    air depends only upon the air density “ρ”and
    the instantaneous wind-speed “V”.

    The Kinetic energy of the air in motion is


    given by the formula:

    Kinetic Energy 1
       V 2

    Unit Volume 2
    Wind Power…
    The volume of air that passes through an
    imaginary surface :
    Volume  AV  t
    Where, “t” is the elapsed time in seconds and
    “A” is the area of the surface in equation. Thus
    the wind energy that flows through the
    surface during time “t” is:
    1
    Available Energy  V  A  t
    3

    2
    Wind Power…
    Wind power is the amount of energy which
    flows through the surface per unit time, and
    is calculated by dividing the wind energy by
    the elapsed time “t”. Thus the wind power
    available,
    1
    Available Power    V  A
    3

    2
    Both energy and power are propotional to
    the cube of the wind speed.
    Wind Power…
    The power extracted by a particular wind
    machine with system efficiency “η” is given
    by: 1
    Extracted Power    V  A 
    3

    2
    Air density ‘ρ’ can be calculated by
      1.225  (1.194*104) * Z
    z = the location's elevation above sea level in meter.
    Value of “η” commonly ranges from 0.10 to 0.50.
    Wind Power depends on:

    • amount of air (volume)


    • speed of air (velocity)
    • mass of air (density) A
    flowing through the area of interest (flux)
    Horizontal axis turbine
     It is the most common design used for generating
    wind power
     This is where main shaft and generator mounted
    at top of tower
     The propellor blade are mounted perpendicular
    to the ground so the main rotor shaft can run
    horizontal to the ground
     All the mechanical component are mounted at
    top of the tower which essentially act as stand to
    hold these material in optimum position to
    capture wind
    Vertical axis wind turbine
    • It is less common and often more difficult to
    construct and utilize efficiently
    • In vertical axis wind generator shaft vertically
    runs the length of structure with mechanical
    component mounted at the base of shaft often
    at ground level
    Various WTGs

    left：Single Blade Riva calzoni


    M30S2
    center : Twin Blades
    right ：Triple Blades
    21
    Various WTGs

    Holland wind mill Sail wind

    Flat Plate Vertical Savonius Vertical Multi-blade Horizontal


    22
    Structure of WTGs

    Blade

    Nacelle

    Rotor

    Tower

    23
    Principle of WTG

    Wind Rotating Electric power


    energy energy

    Wind Grid

    Gear
    Box

    Transformer
    Blade
    Induction
    Generator

    24
    History of WTG
    Growth in physical size of WTGs, 1980 to 2003

    ・getting larger scale from 50kw sizes


    ・accelerating in 90’

    Enercon
    E126 7.5 MW

    Source: BTM Consult ApS September 2005


    25
    Generating conditions in wind speed ranges

    Output is fluctuated
    with the wind speed

    output

    Pause mode

    Wind speed
    Cut in↑ ↑rated output ↑cut out
    power curve
    26
    Transportation
    (Road)

    27
    Installation

    28
    Wind Farming
    CLASS DISCUSS

    ???????????????????????

    FACTORS AFFECTING WIND ENERGY


    • Thank you!!!

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