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    Compton Effect

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    Nikhilesh Gowda
    When X-rays are scattered by low atomic weight materials like carbon, the scattered X-rays are observed at two wavelengths - the original wavelength and a slightly longer wavelength. This wavelength shift is independent of the incident wavelength or scattering material, and depends only on the scattering angle. Compton explained this Compton effect by considering X-rays as photons colliding elastically with free electrons at rest, transferring some photon energy to recoiling electrons and resulting in lower energy, longer wavelength scattered photons. The Compton shift equation shows the wavelength shift depends only on scattering angle and the electron's properties.

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    Compton Effect

    Uploaded by

    Nikhilesh Gowda
    17 views6 pages
    When X-rays are scattered by low atomic weight materials like carbon, the scattered X-rays are observed at two wavelengths - the original wavelength and a slightly longer wavelength. This wavelength shift is independent of the incident wavelength or scattering material, and depends only on the scattering angle. Compton explained this Compton effect by considering X-rays as photons colliding elastically with free electrons at rest, transferring some photon energy to recoiling electrons and resulting in lower energy, longer wavelength scattered photons. The Compton shift equation shows the wavelength shift depends only on scattering angle and the electron's properties.

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    Compton effect

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    When X-rays are scattered by low atomic weight materials like carbon, the scattered X-rays are observed at two wavelengths - the original wavelength and a slightly longer wavelength. This wavelength shift is independent of the incident wavelength or scattering material, and depends only on the scattering angle. Compton explained this Compton effect by considering X-rays as photons colliding elastically with free electrons at rest, transferring some photon energy to recoiling electrons and resulting in lower energy, longer wavelength scattered photons. The Compton shift equation shows the wavelength shift depends only on scattering angle and the electron's properties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    17 views6 pages

    Compton Effect

    Uploaded by

    Nikhilesh Gowda
    When X-rays are scattered by low atomic weight materials like carbon, the scattered X-rays are observed at two wavelengths - the original wavelength and a slightly longer wavelength. This wavelength shift is independent of the incident wavelength or scattering material, and depends only on the scattering angle. Compton explained this Compton effect by considering X-rays as photons colliding elastically with free electrons at rest, transferring some photon energy to recoiling electrons and resulting in lower energy, longer wavelength scattered photons. The Compton shift equation shows the wavelength shift depends only on scattering angle and the electron's properties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    1.

    3 THE COMPTON EFFECT (1923)


    When a monochromatic beam of X-rays is scattered by an element of low atomic
    weight (for example carbon), it is observed that the scattered X-rays, at all angles,
    have maximum intensities at two wavelengths, one at the original wavelength and
    the other at a slightly longer wavelength. The wavelength shift is independent of
    the wavelength of the incident beam and the scattering material; it depends only on
    the scattering angle. This phenomenon is called the Compton effect.

    the original wavelength (𝜆𝑜 ) and the other due to the modified wavelength (𝜆). The
    wavelength shift (Δ𝜆) increases with the increase of scattering angle 𝜃.

    Compton’s Explanation

    Compton was able to explain this phenomenon using the quantum theory of
    radiation, developed by Planck and Einstein. He considered the incident X-rays as
    a stream of photons, each of energy ℎ𝜈 and momentum ℎ𝜈⁄𝑐. The scattering
    process is treated as an elastic collision between a photon and a “free” electron,
    which is initially at rest. In the collision, a part of the photon energy is transferred
    to the electron which recoils. Therefore, the scattered photon has a smaller energy
    and hence a lower frequency (higher wavelength).
    …(1.10)

    …(1.11)

    …(1.12)

    Squaring and adding (2.11) and (2.12),


    …(1.13)

    Comparing (2.10) and (2.13), we get

    …(1.14)

    Therefore, (2.14) can be expressed as

    …(1.15)

    …(1.16)

    The above equation shows that the Compton shift in wavelength is independent of
    the wavelength (or energy) of the incident photon and depends only on the angle of
    scattering.
    The quantity (ℎ⁄𝑚𝑜 𝑐 ) is called the Compton wavelength of the electron. Its value
    is 0.0242 Å.
    Conclusion: Compton’s work established the existence of photons as real particles
    having momentum as well as energy.
    PROBLEM: X-rays of wavelength 2.0 Å are scattered from a carbon block. The
    scattered photons are observed at right angles to the direction of the incident beam.
    Calculate (a) the wavelength of the scattered photon, (b) the energy of the recoil
    electron.

    From equation of Compton shift


    We get

    …(1.17)

    …(1.18)

    H.W.
    1- In a Compton scattering experiment, the incident radiation has wavelength 2 Å
    while the wavelength of the radiation scattered through 180° is 2.048 Å. Calculate
    (a) the wavelength of the radiation scattered at an angle of 60° to the direction of
    incidence, and (b) the energy of the recoil electron which scatters the radiation
    through 60°.

    2- A photon of energy 0.9 MeV is scattered through 120° by a free electron.


    Calculate the energy of the scattered photon.

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