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    Biotech Reviewer

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    preciouspradodumalan0909
    E. coli and restriction enzymes are used in genetic engineering. Insulin was the first genetically engineered product. Uses include making insulin, growth hormone, vaccines, disease-resistant plants, and fast-growing livestock. Golden rice was developed to provide vitamin A. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and plasmids are important tools. Restriction endonucleases cut chromosomes for insertion of genes. Genetic engineering began in 1973 and was first commercialized in 1976. Potential benefits include gene therapy and organ donors.

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    Biotech Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    preciouspradodumalan0909
    16 views3 pages
    E. coli and restriction enzymes are used in genetic engineering. Insulin was the first genetically engineered product. Uses include making insulin, growth hormone, vaccines, disease-resistant plants, and fast-growing livestock. Golden rice was developed to provide vitamin A. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and plasmids are important tools. Restriction endonucleases cut chromosomes for insertion of genes. Genetic engineering began in 1973 and was first commercialized in 1976. Potential benefits include gene therapy and organ donors.

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    biotech 3rd quarter reviewer

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    Biotech-Reviewer

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    E. coli and restriction enzymes are used in genetic engineering. Insulin was the first genetically engineered product. Uses include making insulin, growth hormone, vaccines, disease-resistant plants, and fast-growing livestock. Golden rice was developed to provide vitamin A. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and plasmids are important tools. Restriction endonucleases cut chromosomes for insertion of genes. Genetic engineering began in 1973 and was first commercialized in 1976. Potential benefits include gene therapy and organ donors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    16 views3 pages

    Biotech Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    preciouspradodumalan0909
    E. coli and restriction enzymes are used in genetic engineering. Insulin was the first genetically engineered product. Uses include making insulin, growth hormone, vaccines, disease-resistant plants, and fast-growing livestock. Golden rice was developed to provide vitamin A. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and plasmids are important tools. Restriction endonucleases cut chromosomes for insertion of genes. Genetic engineering began in 1973 and was first commercialized in 1976. Potential benefits include gene therapy and organ donors.

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    of 3

    Act as a vector to carry the gene- plasmids/phages/cosmids

    Ecoli/restrictions enzyme- a special enzyme to cut


    Insulin- first genetically engineer
    Uses of genetic engineering
    1. To make insulin
    2. To make growth hormone
    3. To prepare vaccine
    4. To make plants resistant to disease
    5. To make pig, cows or fish grow fasteHigher production of milk by cow
    6. To make pigs with less fat- leaner meat
    Golden rice – Vitamin A
    Tod poles- for detecting pollution without the need of opening g.e with jellyfish
    Featherless chicken- lives in hot countries
    Strawberry with antifreeze- the anti freeze came from fish living in cold environments
    Gm trees – to grow faster yields better woods

     Australian eucalyptus tree- g.e to withstand cold environments


     Loblolly trees- g.e for less lignin

    Not possible hazards- d


    Discovered pcr( polymerase chain reaction)- kary mullis
    Discovered eco.li- stewert linn and werner albert
    Vector- dna molecule capable of multiplying
    - A vector needed to transfer a gene into a host cell
    Isolation- First step in making recombinant dna
    Ultracentrifugation-protocol for extracting dna
    Insertion- fourth step in recombinant dna
    Rdna molecule- chimeric dna
    RDNA uses-
    genetic engineering- direct transfer of DNA from one organism to another
    First accomplished G.E in the years 1973- Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen
    Genentech- First genetic engineering companies
    Genentech- founded by Herbert Boyer and Robert Swanson in the year 1976
    Alcohol- helps dna to precipitate
    Crushing(?) - Process of extracting dna that separates the cells
    1976- the year that g.e has been commercialised
    Gregor Mendel- first discovered genetic inheritance through the crossing peas
    France and USA 1986- the field trials of genetically engineered plants happen
    Cloning- production of genetically identical organism via somatic cell nuclear transfer

     Started in Feb 1997


     Ian Wilmut and His colleagues at Roslin Institute Scotland clone a lamb

    1953 James Watson and Francis Crick - DNA model


    Genetically modified organism- Transgenic
    Gene therapy- when a gene is inserted to a sick person
    Silkmilk- used to manufacture a Web like material called biosteel
    William bateson – coined genetics in 1905
    Barbara Mcclintock- discovered transposons in 1948
    Martha chase and Alfred hersey – blender experiment
    Mesenger RNA- 1961 Sidney Brunner, francois Jacob and Mathew meselson
    Genetic code- 1966 Marshall nireberg and har gobind khorana
    Nucleotide- all organisms share the same chemical structure they only differ
    Benefits of genetic engineering

     Renew activity of damaged cells


     Act as organ donors
     Infertile parents

    Restrictions endonucleases- used to cut chromosomes


    Tomato mosaic virus-causes great damage
    Plasmids- act as a vector to carry a specific gene into the host cell

     A circular piece of DNA in a bacterium

    Artificial selection/Selective breeding- earliest example of genetic engineering

    DNA EXTRACTION
    Crushing- separates the cells and exposed them to soap and salt
    Soap- helps break down cell membranes and release DNA
    Salt- helps bring DNA together
    Alcohol- helps dna to precipitate
    PICTURE ANALYSIS

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