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    WEEK 4 - MODES of Speciation

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    Speciation occurs through three main modes: allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Allopatric speciation involves geographical isolation of populations, such as the formation of mountains. Parapatric speciation is rare and involves uneven gene flow between neighboring groups. Sympatric speciation occurs within the same area and is driven by factors like genetic polymorphism and non-random mating between subgroups. Examples provided demonstrate speciation driven by environmental differences between isolated populations.

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    WEEK 4 - MODES of Speciation

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    sabadojaderick0
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    Speciation occurs through three main modes: allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Allopatric speciation involves geographical isolation of populations, such as the formation of mountains. Parapatric speciation is rare and involves uneven gene flow between neighboring groups. Sympatric speciation occurs within the same area and is driven by factors like genetic polymorphism and non-random mating between subgroups. Examples provided demonstrate speciation driven by environmental differences between isolated populations.

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    WEEK 4- MODES of Speciation

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    Speciation occurs through three main modes: allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Allopatric speciation involves geographical isolation of populations, such as the formation of mountains. Parapatric speciation is rare and involves uneven gene flow between neighboring groups. Sympatric speciation occurs within the same area and is driven by factors like genetic polymorphism and non-random mating between subgroups. Examples provided demonstrate speciation driven by environmental differences between isolated populations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    6 views12 pages

    WEEK 4 - MODES of Speciation

    Uploaded by

    sabadojaderick0
    Speciation occurs through three main modes: allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Allopatric speciation involves geographical isolation of populations, such as the formation of mountains. Parapatric speciation is rare and involves uneven gene flow between neighboring groups. Sympatric speciation occurs within the same area and is driven by factors like genetic polymorphism and non-random mating between subgroups. Examples provided demonstrate speciation driven by environmental differences between isolated populations.

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    of 12

    Prepared by:

    CORPUZ, Miguel Angelan Jr. B.


    • It is a process of evolution wherein a
    genetically homogenous population is
    divided into two or more populations, each
    of which undergoes a genetic differentiation
    and eventually, reproductive isolation
    • The creation of new populations (species)
    with greater adaptive efficiency than their
    ancestors determines the trajectory of
    evolution.
    THE 3 MODES OF SPECIATION

    ALLOPATRIC PARAPATRIC
    Geographical Partial Spatial
    Isolation Isolation

    SYMPATRIC
    Genetic
    Polymorphism
    • Occurs when members of a
    population become
    geographically isolated from one
    another. This may be a result of
    geographical changes, such as
    the formation of a mountain, by a
    volcano.
    • Alternatively, species members
    may emigrate, resulting in
    population separation by
    dispersal.
    Example:
    • Allopatric speciation due to
    geographic separation: The
    northern spotted owl and the
    Mexican spotted owl inhabit
    geographically separate
    locations with different
    climates and ecosystems.
    • Galapagos islands hosted a
    population of finches, which
    exhibited slight differences in
    features such as size, color and
    beak length or shape.
    • There were distinction of food
    sources on each of the islands.
    Hence, the variations in beak
    shape were an adaptation to
    obtaining the specific food
    sources.
    PARAPATRIC SPECIATION

    • An extremely rare case of speciation


    that occurs when a population is
    continuously distributed within a
    geographic area. Individuals mate
    more commonly with their closes
    geographic neighbors, resulting in
    uneven gene flow.
    • Non random mating may increase the
    rate of dimorphism within populations.
    • Species of the grass
    Anthoxanthum odoratum that live
    near mines have become tolerant
    to heavy metals; however, other
    plants that do not reside near
    mines are not.
    • On the counterpart, because the
    plants are so close together, they
    may fertilize one another,
    resulting in the emergence of a
    new species.
    • The Bullock's and Baltimore's
    orioles evolved from a
    common species that
    spanned the USA. Overtime,
    western and eastern orioles
    came to rely on different
    songs to call mates and this
    led to speciation.
    SYMPATRIC SPECIATION
    • This is the process of formation of
    new species from an original
    population that are not
    geographically isolated.
    • Gene flow between daughter and
    parental population during
    sympatric speciation is postulated
    to be inhibited by intrinsic factors,
    such as chromosomal changes, and
    non-random mating.
    • Apple maggot flies that deposited
    eggs and bred only on hawthorns
    200 years ago are now laying eggs
    on both hawthorns and domestic
    apples, demonstrating sympatric
    speciation.
    • As a result, gene flow between
    populations that mate on different
    types of fruit is limited, and certain
    genetic variations between these
    two groups of flies have evolved in
    less than 200 years.
    THANK
    YOU!

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