Project B10 2
Project B10 2
Project B10 2
on
“USE OF WASTE PLASTIC IN BITUMEN PAVEMENT”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements
For the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
By
BHUKYA BINDHU 20R95A0105
SUBMITTED TO
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled “USE OF WASTE PLASTIC IN BITUMEN
PAVEMENT” .That is being submitted by BHUKYA BINDHU (20R95A0105),
MORIGALA SAIKUMAR (20R95A0122), JADHAV UDAY KIRAN (19R91A0154) ,
SURABHI NIKHIL (19R91A0177). In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Award
of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in CIVIL ENGINEERING by JNTUH, during the
Academic year 2022-23.
DECLARATION
The satisfaction and euphoria the accompanies the successful completion of any task
would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible and whose
encouragement and guidance have crowned my efforts with success.
First, We would like to thank our Project guide N. CHANDRA SHEKAR NAIK ,
Assistant Professor in Department of CIVIL ENGINEERING, for his inspiration, adroit
guidance and constructive criticism for completion of my degree.
Also, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to DR. P . VENKAT RAM REDDY
Head of Department in CIVIL ENGINEERING during the progress of the Project work, for
his timely suggestions and help in spite of his busy schedule.
The waste plastic and its disposal is a major threat to the environment, which results in
pollution and global warming. The utilization of plastic waste in bituminous mixes enhances
its properties and also its strength . In addition it will also be a solution to plastic disposal
& various defects in pavement viz., pot holes, corrugation, ruts, etc. the waste plastic used
are poly-ethylene, poly-styrene, poly-propylene. The waste plastic is shredded & coated
over aggregate & mixed with hot bitumen and resulted mix is used for pavement
construction. This will not only strengthen the pavement and also increases its durability.
The titanium-dioxide is used as a smoke absorbent material, which will absorb the smoke
from the vehicles. This innovative technology will be boon for Indian hot-humid climate. It’s
economical and eco-friendly. In this paper, we have discussed about the soil properties to
be considered in design of pavement, pavement design, process of construction flexible
and plastic-smoke absorbent pavement.
INTRODUCTON
In order absorb the smoke from the vehicles; titanium di-oxide can be used. It
also enhances the mechanical properties of the plastic, resulting in higher strength
and high resistance.
Objective
To eradicate potholes
To minimize the global warming , greenhouse gases and pollution.
The lifespan of the roads can be increased.
Eco-friendly in nature.
Advantages
Disadvantages
LITERATURE REVIEW
Amit Gawande (2012) - The quantum of plastic waste in municipal solid waste
(MSW) is increasing due to increase in population, urbanization, development
activities and changes in life style which leading widespread littering on the landscape.
Thus disposal of waste plastic is a menace and become a serious problem globally
due to their non-biodegradability and un aesthetic view. Since these are not disposed
scientifically & possibility to create ground and water pollution. This waste plastic
partially replaced the conventional material to improve desired mechanical
characteristics for particular road mix. In conventional road making process bitumen
is used as binder. Such bitumen can be modified with waste plastic pieces and bitumen
mix is made which can be used as a top layer coat of flexible pavement11. This waste
plastic modified bitumen mix show better binding property, stability, density and more
resistant to water.
CHAPTER -3
METHODOLOGY
Materials used for the preparation of Plastic Bituminous mix
1. Aggregates
Aggregates can classify by their mineral, chemical and physical properties. The
pavement industry typically relies on physical properties for performance
characterization. An aggregate's physical properties are a direct result of its mineral and
chemical properties.
Aggregates used in the surface course can be divide into two types according to their
size: large aggregates and fine aggregates. Coarse aggregates are generally defined
as those retained in the 10 mm sieve. Fine aggregates are those that pass through the
4.75 mm sieve and retained in the 0.075 mm sieve. Aggregates needed for the
research work will be procure in the local market.
2. Bitumen
Bitumen acts as binding agent for aggregates in bituminous mixes. Normally, in India
we used mainly grade 60/70 or 80/100 bitumen in construction of flexible pavement.
For the research, Grade 80/100 of bitumen was used confirming to ASTM standards.
3. Waste Plastic Modifiers
There are two processes for constructing flexible pavement using waste plastic,
A. Dry process
For the flexible pavement, hot stone aggregate (170) is mixed with hot bitumen (160° C)
and the mix is used for road laying. The aggregate is chosen on the basis of its strength.
porosity and moisture absorption capacity as per IS coding. The bitumen is chosen on the
basis of its binding property, penetration value and viscoelastic property. The aggregate.
when coated with plastics improved its quality with respect to voids, moisture absorption
and soundness. The coating of plastic decreases the porosity and helps to improve the
quality of the aggregate and its performance in the flexible pavement. It is to be noted here
that stones with 2% porosity only allowed by the specification.
1. Plastic waste like bags, bottles, etc are cut into size between 2.36mm and 4.75mm
using shredding machine.
2. The aggregate mix is heated to 170' and then it is transferred to mixing chamber.
3. Similarly the bitumen is to be heated up to a maximum of 160°.
4. At the mixing chamber, the shredded plastics waste is added over the hot
aggregate.
5. The plastics waste coated aggregate is mixed with hot bitumen
B. Wet process
Waste plastic is ground and made into powder: 6 to 8% plastic is mixed with the bitumen.
Plastic increases the melting point of the bitumen and makes the road retain its flexibility
during winters resulting in its long life. Use of shredded plastic waste acts as a strong
"handing agent" for tar making the asphalt last long. By mixing plastic with bitumen the
ability of the bitumen to withstand high temperature increases. The plastic waste is melted
and mixed with bitumen in a particular ratio. Normally, blending takes place when
temperature reaches 45.5° C but when plastic is mixed, it remains stable even at 55° C.
The vigorous tests at the laboratory level proved that the bituminous concrete mixes
prepared. Using the treated bitumen binder fulfilled all the specified Marshall mix design
criteria for surface course of road pavement. There was a substantial increase in Marshall
Stability value of the mix, of the order of two to three times higher value in comparison with
the untreated or ordinary bitumen. Another important observation was that the bituminous
mixes prepared using the treated binder could withstand adverse soaking conditions under
water for longer duration.
1. Segregation
Plastic waste collected from various sources must be separated from other waste.
Maximum thickness of 60 microns.
2. Collection of plastic waste
Plastic consumption has grown at a tremendous rate over the past two decades as
plastics now play an important role in all aspects of modern lifestyle. Collection and
disposal of plastic waste has emerged as an important environmental challenge and its
recycling is facing roadblocks due to their non-degradable nature. There are four basic
ways in which communities can offer plastic recycling collection services for plastic
bottles and containers – curbside, drop-off, buy-back or deposit/refund programs.
3. Cleaning process
Perhaps not everyone knows that plastic waste, after being collected and
conveniently selected, also needs to be washed and cleaned before going
through the next recycling process stage. Indeed, each different type of material
needs a specific washing, capable of removing impurities to guarantee an
excellent final result. Initially, a pre-washing is carried out to remove the most
superficial residues. At this stage, a so-called ‘pre-washing tank’ may also be used
to remove heavy contamination from plastic materials.
The real washing operation can be hot or cold, with water or dry, depending on
the plastic type. As a matter of fact, there are different types of plastic materials In
some cases, a so-called ‘mechanical cleaning’ is used to obtain a greater result
by deploying technologies such as vibratory plates or puffs of compressed air.
4. Shredding process
The municipal waste is first segregated and the plastic waste is separated from the rest of
the waste. The segregated waste plastic is then washed, dried and shredded in small
pieces as shown in photo 3. The shredded waste plastic is added into the mixing plant by
putting it manually on the conveyor belt along with the aggregates. The aggregates and
waste plastic are heated in the rotating drum so that the plastic melts and coat the
aggregates, after which the bitumen is mixed with the plastic coated aggregates. As the
waste plastic passes through the heat chamber in the mixing plant along with the
aggregates, it is required to maintain the temperature of the heating chamber to 165-
170oC to avoid burning of waste plastic. The waste plastic modified asphalt mix was then
transported to site and was laid using conventional procedure and machinery. Photo 9
shows the final look of the waste plastic road.
CHAPTER -4
Initial reading 0 0 0
Initial reading 0 0 0
The Ductility value of bitumen is 79.17 cm. This value is < 75 cm and is related with given
recommended value on IS-73.
Conclusion
Based on the present work the following conclusion can be drawn regarding the
improvement of asphalt mixture that will be used in the local street paving by the use
of waste plastics additive displacement:
Waste plastics (HDPE, PET, and polypropylene) modified bituminous binders
provide better resistance against permanent deformations according to their
high stability and high Marshall Quotient and it contributes to recirculation of
plastic wastes as well as to protection of the environment.
Waste plastics will increase the melting point of the bitumen. Then use
of the innovative technology not only strengthened the road construction but
also increased the
Ductility value for bitumen with plastic is 79.17cm and is greater than the
ductility value for bitumen
REFERANCE
1. R. Chandra and A. Adab, Rubber and Plastic waste CBS
Publishers and Distributors.
2. Y. P. Gupta, S. Tiwan and J. K. Pandey, Utilisation of Plastic
Waste in Construction of Bituminous Roads, NBM & CW,
March (2010) p. 92.
3. N. Z. Habib, I. Kamruddin, M. Napiah and I. Mohd, Tan
Rheological Properties of Polythylene and Polypropylene
Modified Bitumen, World Academy of Science Engg. Tech., 72
(2010).
4. S. S. Verma, Roads from Plastic Waste, The Indian Concrete
Journal, November (2008) p. 43-44.
5. Sunil Bose and Sridhar Raju, “Utilization of Waste Plastic in
Bituminous Concrete Mixes”, Roads and Pavements,
6. Amit Gawande, G.S.Zamre, V.C.Renge, G.R.Bharsakale and
Saurabhtayde, “Utilization of Waste Plastic in Asphalting of
Roads, Dec (2012).
7. Shirish N. Nemade and Prashant V. Thorat, “Utilization of
Polymer Waste for Modification of Bitumen in Road
Construction”.
8. “Use of waste Plastic in Construction of bituminous road.”(
Vol. 4 No.05 May 2012)