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Vocabulary

domineering (disapproving)
adj. trying to control other people without considering their opinions or feelings专
断的 盛⽓凌⼈的
He was brought up by a cold and domineering father.
a domineering manner
Students prefer teachers who guide, not ones who domineer
don (formal). vs doff
v. don something to put clothes, etc. on 披上 穿上 戴上
He donned his jacket and went out.
When Clark Kent has to don his Superman outfit, he changes clothes in a
convenient phone booth.
dormer window (also dormer)

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 n. a vertical window that sticks out of a room that is built into a sloping roof ⽼⻁
窗 建在斜屋顶上的竖式 屋顶窗 天窗
Om remoderling the attic into a bedroom, we decided that we need to put in
dormers to provide sufficient ventilation for the new room.
dossier (formal) ~file
n. a collection of documents that contain information about a person, an event or
a subject 材料汇编 卷宗 档案
to assemble/compile a dossier
dossier on somebody/something We have a dossier on him.
Ordered by Hoover to investigate the senator, the FBI compiled a complete
dosseir on him.
dote
v. If you say that someone dotes on a person or a thing, you mean that they love
or care about them very much and ignore any faults they may have. 溺爱;宠爱;过
分喜爱
He dotes on his nine-year-old son.
Not only grandmothers bore you with stories about their brilliant
grandchildren; grandfathers dote on the little rascals , too.(淘⽓⻤
Poor old Alf clearly doted: the senile (⽼年的 衰⽼的)old dotard was past
it; in fact, he was in his dotage ⽼年糊涂 .
douse (also dowse)
v. douse something (with something) to stop a fire from burning by pouring
water over it; to put out a light 浇灭 ⽕ 熄 灯
He doused the flames with a fire extinguisher.
v. douse somebody/something (in/with something) to pour a lot of liquid over
somebody/something; to soak somebody/something in liquid 往…上泼⽔ 把…浸在
液体⾥
The car was doused in petrol and set alight.

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 The horses are doused with buckets of cold water.
They douses each other with hoses and water balloons.
dowdy
adj. (of a woman ⼥⼈) not attractive or fashionable 缺乏魅⼒的 不时髦的 过时
的
He had a rather dowdy wife and several children.
adj. (of a thing 物件) boring and not attractive 单调的 不雅致的 不美观的
a dowdy dress
She tried to change her dowdy image by buying a new fashionable wardrobe.
downcast
adj. (of eyes 眼睛) looking down 向下的 低垂的
Eyes downcast, she continued eating.
She kept her eyes slightly downcast to avoid looking into their faces.
adj. (of a person or an expression ⼈或表情) sad or depressed 悲哀的 沮丧的 垂
头丧⽓的 ~dejected
A group of downcast men stood waiting for food.
Cheerful and optimistic by nature, Beth was never downcast despite the
difficulties she faced.
drab
adj. without interest or colour; boring 单调乏味的 ⽆光彩的 ⽆⽣⽓的
She longed to be out of the cold, drab little office.
drab women, dressed in browns and greys
The Dutch woman’s drab winter coat contrasted with the distinctive, colorful
native costume she wore beneath it.
droll (old-fashioned or ironic) So they’ve locked me out of the house? Very droll, I’m
sure!
ligament
n. a strong band of tissue in the body that connects bones and supports organs
and keeps them in position 韧带
I've torn a ligament.
drone
n. [usually singular] a continuous low noise 嗡嗡声
the distant drone of traffic
the continuous drone of the engine

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 n. an aircraft without a pilot, controlled from the ground, used for taking
photographs, dropping bombs, delivering goods, etc.⽆⼈驾驶⻜机
n. a male bee that does not work 雄蜂
n. a person who is lazy and gives nothing to society while others work 不劳动
依赖他⼈为⽣的 寄⽣⾍
The medieval lord of the manor was what some today would call a drone
Content to let his wife support him, the would-be writer was in reality nothing
but a drone.
v. to make a continuous low noise 嗡嗡叫 嗡嗡响
A plane was droning in the distance.
a droning voice
I fell asleep to the sound of their voices droning through the warm afternoon.
dross
n. [u] (especially British) something of very low quality; the least valuable part of
something 劣质品 糟粕
mass-produced dross
The well-written dialogue separates this film from the usual teenage dross.
He considered the working class to be the dross of society.
n. (specialist) a waste substance, especially that separated from a metal when it is
melted 废料 尤指⾦属熔化的 浮渣
The fire burns away the dross leaving the pure metal.
Many methods have been devised to seperate the valuable metal from the
dross.
ductile (specialist) ~malleable; flexible;pliable vs malleable plasticity
adj. (of a metal ⾦属) that can be made into a thin wire 可拉成细丝的 可延展的
有延性的
Copper is an extremely ductile material; you can stretch it into the thinnest of
wires, bend it, even wind it into loops.
dulcet (humorous or ironic)
adj. 甜美的 悦⽿动听的 美妙的
I thought I recognized your dulcet tones (= the sound of your voice)
The dulcet sounds of the birds at dawn were soon drowned out by the roar of
traffic passing our motel
come to pass
happen

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dutiful
adj. doing everything that you are expected to do; willing to obey and to show
respect 尽职的 顺从的 恭敬的
a dutiful daughter/son/wife
When Mother told Billy to kiss Great-Aunt Hattie, the boy obediently gave the
old woman a dutiful peck(轻轻的吻 ⼩⻦的啄) on her cheek.
earthy
adj. connected with the body, sex , etc. in an open and direct way that some
people find rude or embarrassing 粗俗的 庸俗的 不⽂雅的
an earthy sense of humour
adj. of or like earth or soil 泥⼟的 泥⼟似的 有泥⼟⽓息的
earthy colours
His earthy remarks often embarrassed the women in his audience.
ebb
n. the period of time when the sea flows away from the land 落潮 退潮
the ebb tide
at a low ebb : n a poor state; worse than usual 处于低潮 状况不佳
Morale among teachers is at a low ebb.
the ebb and flow (of something/somebody) the repeated, often regular,
movement from one state to another; the repeated change in level, numbers or
amount 涨落 盛衰 起伏 消⻓
the ebb and flow of the seasons
She sat in silence enjoying the ebb and flow of conversation.
He had known her long enough to recognize the ebb and flow of her moods.
the natural ebb and flow of water
We see a constant ebb and flow of jobs.
v. [i] (formal) (of the tide in the sea 海潮) to move away from the land 退 落
Sitting on the beach, Mrs. Dalloway watched the tide ebb: the waters receded,
drawing away from her as she sat there all alone.
v. [i] ebb away to become gradually weaker or less 衰弱 衰退 减退 ~decrease
The pain was ebbing.
As night fell, our enthusiasm began to ebb away.
eclectic (formal)
adj. not following one style or set of ideas but choosing from or using a wide
variety 不拘⼀格的 兼收并蓄的

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 She has very eclectic tastes in literature.
His house is an eclectic mixture of the antique and the modern.
His style of interior decoration was eclectic; bits and pieces of furnishings
from widely divergent periods, strikingly juxtaposed to create unique decor.
eclipse
v. [often passive] eclipse something (of the moon or the earth) to cause an
eclipse 遮住…的光 of the sun or the moon
v. eclipse somebody/something to make somebody/something seem neither
exciting nor important by comparison 使失⾊ 使相形⻅绌 使丧失重要性
~outshine; overshadow
Though a talented player, he was completely eclipsed by his brother.
The new stock market high eclipsed the previous record set in 1995.
eddy
n. a movement of air, dust or water in a circle 空⽓ 灰尘或⽔的 旋涡 涡流
The water in the tide pool was still, except for an occastional eddy.
v. [i] (of air, dust, water, etc.空⽓ 灰尘 ⽔等) to move around in a circle 起旋涡
旋转 ~ swirl
The waves swirled and eddied around the rocks.
efface (formal). self-effacing
v. efface something to make something disappear; to remove something 消除
抹去 擦掉
The coin had been handled so many times that its date had been effaced.
v. efface yourself to not attract attention to yourself; to make yourself seem
unimportant 不引起⾃⼰的注意 使⾃⼰显得不重要
In his art he effaces himself almost completely.
effervescent (approving) v. effervesce
adj. (of people and their behaviour ⼈及其⾏为) excited, enthusiastic and full of
energy 兴⾼采烈的 热情洋溢的 充满活⼒的 ~bubbly
a warm effervescent personality
Nothing depressed Sue for long; her natual effervescence soon reasserted
itself.
adj. (of a liquid 液体) having or producing small bubbles of gas 冒泡的 起沫的
Soda that loses its effervescence goes flat.
moderator ~mediator

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 n. a person whose job is to help people or groups who disagree to reach an
agreement 调解⼈ 调停⼈
n. (especially North American English) a person whose job is to make sure that a
discussion or a debate is fair 会议主持 辩论会主席
n. a person who is responsible for preventing offensive material from being
published on a website 论坛等的 管理员 版主
moderators of online discussion groups
A moderator had removed the message.
The moderator will then post the article.
hubris
[u] (literary) the fact of sb being too proud. In literature, a character with this
pride ignores warnings and laws and this usually results in their downfall and
death. 傲慢 狂妄
...a tale of how an honourable man pursuing honourable goals was afflicted
with hubris and led his nation towards catastrophe.
conjure
v. [i, t] to do clever tricks such as making things seem to appear or disappear as if
by magic 变魔术 变戏法 使…变戏法般地出现 或消失
Her grandfather taught her to conjure.
He could conjure coins from behind people's ears.
a name to conjure with a person or thing that is well known and respected in a
particular field ⼤名鼎鼎的⼈ 重量级⼈物 影响巨⼤的事物
Miyazaki is still a name to conjure with among anime fans.
n. (humorous) used when you mention a name that you think is difficult to
remember or pronounce 难记的名字 拗⼝的名字
He comes from Tighnabruaich—now there's a name to conjure with!
conjure up : to make something appear as a picture in your mind 使…呈现于脑际
使想起
That smell always conjures up memories of holidays in France.
He strained to conjure up her face and voice, but they had vanished.
yesteryear
n. (old-fashioned or literary) [u] the past, especially a time when attitudes and
ideas were different 尤指思想观念有别于当今的 旧时 往昔 过去
The modern-day sex symbol has now taken the place of the old-fashioned
hero of yesteryear.
unmediated

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 adj. ⽆中介的
snub
v. snub somebody to show a lack of respect for somebody, especially by
ignoring them when you meet 冷落 怠慢
I tried to be friendly, but she snubbed me completely.
He was not invited to the party, and felt snubbed.
v. snub something to refuse to attend or accept something, for example as a
protest 拒不出席 拒不接受 抵制
All the country's leading players snubbed the tournament.
n. snub (to somebody) ~insult an action or a comment that is deliberately rude
in order to show somebody that you do not like or respect them 冷落 怠慢的⾔辞
或⾏为
Her refusal to attend the dinner is being seen as a deliberate snub to the
president.
concussion
n. [c,u] 脑震荡
He was taken to hospital with concussion.
She suffered a mild concussion.
He was carried off the field with a mild concussion.
lash out
lash out (at somebody/something)
to suddenly try to hit somebody/something 突然 狠打 痛打
She suddenly lashed out at the boy.
Harriet lashed out with her riding whip.
to criticize somebody in an angry way 怒斥 严厉斥责
In a bitter article he lashed out at his critics.
He suddenly lashed out in anger.
hoof
n. the hard part of the foot of some animals, for example horses ⻢等动物的 蹄
The horse tossed its head and stamped its hooves nervously.

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shorn
adj. If grass or hair is shorn, it has been cut very short. 剪短的;修剪过的
...his shorn hair.
adj. If a person or thing is shorn of something that was an important part of them,
it has been removed from them. 被剥夺了…的;被剥去…的
She looks terrible, shorn of all her beauty and dignity.
...an age increasingly shorn of religious and political faith.
pride
n. [c] a group of lions 狮群
When lions hunt, the whole pride shares in the food obtained when a prey
animal is successfully brought down by one of the hunting lions.
suppleness
n. [u] the ability to bend and move parts of your body easily into different
positions 轻松弯曲身体部位并将其移动到不同位置的能⼒
n. [u] the quality of being soft and able to bend easily without starting to split 柔软
并能轻易弯曲⽽不会开始裂开的特质
supple
adj. able to bend and move parts of your body easily into different positions 身
体 柔软的 灵活的 柔韧性好的
her slim, supple body
These exercises will help to keep you supple.
You must exercise your joints to keep them supple.
adj. soft and able to bend easily without starting to split易弯曲的 柔韧的
Moisturizing cream helps to keep your skin soft and supple.
centrist ~moderate

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 n. a person with political views that are not extreme 政治上的 中间派 温和派
vibes (informal)
n. [plural] (formal: vibration) a mood or an atmosphere produced by a particular
person, thing or place 情绪 ⽓氛 氛围
good/bad vibes
The vibes weren't right.
I’ve had bad vibes about her lately.
feces (formal) ~excrement
n. [plural] solid waste material that leaves the body through the anus 粪便
alkaline
adj. (chemistry 化学) having the nature of an alkali 碱性的
adj. (specialist) containing alkali 含碱的
alkaline soil
strain
n. [c, u] pressure on a system or relationship because great demands are being
placed on it 对系统或关系的压⼒ 因为对其提出了很⾼的要求
The transport service cannot cope with the strain of so many additional
passengers.
under strain Their marriage is under great strain at the moment.
strain on something These repayments are putting a strain on our finances.
There are strains in the relationship between the two countries.
n. [c, u] mental pressure or worry felt by somebody because they have too much
to do or manage; something that causes this pressure 压⼒ 重负 重压之下出现
的问题 或担忧等
You will learn to cope with the stresses and strains of public life.
I found it a strain having to concentrate for so long.
Relax, and let us take the strain (= do things for you).
under strain Television newsreaders come under enormous strain.
n. [c, u] the pressure that is put on something when a physical force stretches,
pushes, or pulls it 压⼒ 拉⼒ 张⼒ 应⼒
under the strain The rope broke under the strain.
strain on something You should try not to place too much strain on muscles
and joints.
The ground here cannot take the strain of a large building.

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 The cable has a 140kg breaking strain (= it will break when it is stretched or
pulled by a force greater than this).
n. [c,u] an injury to a part of your body, such as a muscle, that is caused by using
it too much or by twisting it 劳损 拉伤 扭伤
a calf / groin /leg strain 腿肚⼦／腹股沟／腿部拉伤
muscle strain
n. [c]
get above oneself
⾼看⾃⼰
lowbrow (disapproving)
adj. having no connection with or interest in serious artistic or cultural ideas⽆艺
术⽂化修养的 对艺术⽂化⽆兴趣的
lowbrow newspapers
He has very lowbrow tastes.
middlebrow (disapproving)
adj. (of books, music, art, etc.书籍 ⾳乐 艺术等) of good quality but not
needing a lot of thought to understand 品位⼀般的 平庸的
highbrow (sometimes disapproving)
adj. interested in serious artistic or cultural ideas 关于正统艺术 或⽂化 思想的
对正统的艺术 或⽂化 感兴趣的
highbrow newspapers
highbrow readers
Highbrow critics generally disapprove of this type of novel.
The journal is aimed at a highbrow readership.
get on with
~ get along with somebody = to have a friendly relationship with somebody 与某
⼈ 和睦相处 关系良好
She's never really got on with her sister.
She and her sister have never really got on.
We get along just fine together.
get on/along with something : used to talk or ask about how well somebody is
doing a task 谈及或问及⼯作情况 进展 进步
I'm not getting on very fast with this job.
to continue doing something, especially after you have been interrupted 尤指中
断后 继续做某事

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 Be quiet and get on with your work.
patina (usually singular)
n. a green, black or brown layer that forms on the surface of some metals ⾦属表
⾯的 绿锈 铜锈 氧化层
The bronze statue had acquired a hard green patina with age.
n. a thin layer that forms on other materials; the shiny surface that develops on
wood or leather when it is polished 薄层 ⽊器或⽪⾰的 光泽. ~Varnish
The furniture was old, with the shiny patina of frequent polishing.
(figurative) He looked relaxed and elegant and had the patina of success.
shameless (disapproving) ~unashamed
adj. not feeling ashamed of something you have done, although other people think
you should ⽆耻的 没廉耻的 不要脸的
a shameless display of greed
Some claimed he was a shameless womanizer.
The British press were shameless in their support for Clinton.
cramp
n. [u, c] a sudden pain that you get when the muscles in a particular part of your
body contract, usually caused by cold or too much exercise 痛性痉挛 抽筋
to get a cramp in your leg
n. [plural: cramps] severe pain in the stomach 腹部 绞痛
v. cramp something to prevent the development or progress of somebody/
something 阻碍 阻⽌ 发展或进步 ~restrict
Tighter trade restrictions might cramp economic growth.
whimsy
n. [u] a way of thinking or behaving or a style of doing something that is unusual
and not serious, in a way that is either funny or annoying 怪念头 古怪可笑的举
动 吊⼉郎当 随⼼所欲
stalagmite
n. a piece of rock pointing upwards from the floor of a cave (= a hollow place
underground), that is formed over a long period of time from drops of water
containing lime that fall from the roof ⽯笋 向上⽣⻓
stalactite
n. a long pointed piece of rock hanging down from the roof of a cave (= a hollow
place underground), formed over a long period of time as water containing lime
runs off the roof 钟乳⽯ 向下悬垂
nightly

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 adj. happening every night 每夜的 每晚的
a nightly news bulletin
adv. every night 每夜的 每晚的
The programme is broadcast nightly.
go-getter
an aggressively enterprising person.

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