Earth and Life Science

Written Test 1

Direction: Select the best answer.

1. Dinosaurs are reptiles that existed for a very long time. Which era did these organisms evolve?
a. Cenozoic Era b. Mesozoic Era c. Paleozoic Era d. Proterozoic Era
2. What are the first photosynthetic organisms that grew well on earth?
a. bryophyllum b. cyanobacteria c. stromatolites d. zircon crystal
3. The oxygen revolution changed Earth’s environment dramatically. Which of the following adaptations took advantage of
the presence of free oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere?
a. The evolution of cellular respiration, which used oxygen to help harvest energy from organic molecules.
b. The evolution of chloroplasts after early protists incorporated photosynthetic cyanobacteria
c. The evolution of multicellular eukaryotic colonies from communities of prokaryotes.
d. The evolution of photosynthetic pigments that protected early algae from the corrosive effects of oxygen.
4. Why did it take millions of years for life to appear on Earth after the planet had formed?
a. It took millions of years for RNA to replace DNA.
b. The planet had warmed up enough to sustain life.
c. The planet had cooled down enough to sustain life.
d. Life on Earth could begin only when seedlings arrived on our planet from other worlds.
5. Which types of organisms developed first due to the early environmental conditions on Earth?
a. eukaryotic and aerobic c. prokaryotic and aerobic
b. eukaryotic and anaerobic d. prokaryotic and anaerobic
6. What are called the remains of living organism used in understanding the history of life on earth?
a. bone b. seeds c. fossils d. shells
7. Which statement is NOT true of fossils?
a. Plants can form fossils. c. Most extinct organisms have been preserved.
b. Some bacteria can from fossils. d. A small percent of extinct organisms is preserved.
8. Which of the following can be considered as a fossil?
a. a billion-year old rock c. a billion-year old amber with a primitive insect inside
b. a billion-year old piece of amber d. the choices are all correct
9. What unique substance do researchers look after in their study of eukaryotes?
a. biomarkers b. fossils c. mitochondria d. stromatolites
10. What is the evidence for a last universal common ancestor among life on earth?
a. They are all aerobic. c. They all have the same synthesis pattern.
b. They all look the same. d. They share the same underlying molecular biology.
11. Which statement best shows the main significance of studying the past?
a. The past is attractive to look back.
b. It will give job for many scientists and paleontologists.
c. It will allow them to think what they need to study.
d. Understanding the past allows to predict the future and help in creating it.
12. One significance of knowing the history of life is to determine the origin of one living organism. According to researches,
which of the following are the only surviving species of the genus Homo and one of the living evidences that life have
existed on Earth?
a. birds b. dinosaurs c. human beings d. sponges
13. Over the past decades, there are challenges that the environment has faced. Pandemics affected the lives of various
living organisms. What is the significance of knowing this history?
a. It will give them an income.
b. They will just be informed about it.
c. It will lead them to know the history of life.
d. It will give an idea on how medical world will seek for the treatment.
14. The following statements are challenges for the researchers in finding and identifying signs of early cells. Which is not part
of the group?
a. Materials and testing laboratories are not available.
b. Cells are microscopic and most have no parts to fossilize
c. Slightly younger rocks have been heated up and undergone other processes
d. Tectonic plate movements have destroyed nearly all rocks older than about 4 billion years
15. The study of history of life is significant in many aspects. The stromatolites played a significant role as a source of
evidence. What is stromatolite?
a. It found in animals. c. It formed during volcanic eruptions.
 b. It produced by endosymbiosis. d. It consists of layered bacteria and sediment.
16. Oxygen was scarce during the early development of Earth. By this situation, what kind of organism first existed?
a. aerobic organism b. anaerobic organism c. mammal d. protist
17. Which of the following statements is NOT true on the evolution of multicellular organisms?
a. The process of continuous specialization brought more complex organisms.
b. The prokaryotic organisms that formed multicellular aggregates were like the cells of Cyanobacteria.
c. They are believed to have evolved from single-celled prokaryotic organisms.
d. They are formed from other multicellular colonial aggregates through cells specialization.
18. Why do you think the emergence of plants and animals came later than simple living organisms?
a. Their existence is not that important on Earth.
b. Their size is too big that it takes longer time for development.
c. The cell structures of these multicellular organisms are more complex.
d. These organisms are composed of many nucleus compared to unicellular.
19. Which statement is incorrect about living organisms?
a. The earliest forms of life existed were the prokaryotes.
b. The eukaryotic organisms evolved from the unicellular prokaryotic.
c. Organisms did not change despite of the changes in the environment.
d. Evolution of oxygen-producing organisms allowed the increase in the atmospheric oxygen.
20. Which of the following are in the correct order?
a. eukaryotic cell, photosynthesis, prokaryotic cell, organic molecules
b. eukaryotic cell, prokaryotic cell, organic molecules, photosynthesis
c. organic molecules, eukaryotic cell, photosynthesis, prokaryotic cell
d. organic molecules, prokaryotic cell, photosynthesis, eukaryotic cell
21. What is the evidence for a last universal common ancestor among life on Earth?
a. All look the same. c. All are classified as aerobic organisms.
b. They have similar synthesis pattern. d. They share similar molecular features.
22. What unique substance do researchers look after in their study of eukaryotes?
a. biomarkers b. fossils c. mitochondria d. stromatolites
23. Which of the following can be considered as a fossil?
a. a billion-year old rock c. a billion-year old amber with a primitive insect inside
b. a billion-year old piece of amber d. all of the choices are correct
24. Mainly the fossils are found on sedimentary rocks. What type of rocks are stromatolites?
a. igneous b. metamorphic c. sedimentary d. trilobites
25. Which of the following is NOT true about the evidence that fossils provide?
a. All fossils gathered contain intact DNA that can be sequenced.
b. Fossil ages can often be determined by testing nearby rocks.
c. Fossil organisms often share physical similarities with living organisms.
d. Some fossil organisms are transitional forms between groups of organisms.
26. It was stated that the organisms are evolving. The evolution can be due to environmental changes. More so, the
conservation of their traits depends mainly on how they will survive. In this regard, humans alter the natural world bringing
harmful consequences from their activity. Which among the following refers to the alteration brought by humans to the
natural environment?
a. environmental issues c. ecosystem conflict
b. environmental topics d. human intervention
27. What is the significance of studying the molecular evidence present among living organisms?
a. It will benefit the economy of the world.
b. It will give idea for the scientist which to clone.
c. It will then serve as the basis of what to study.
d. It will allow the classification of living organisms.
28. Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of Staphylococcus aureus to evolve resistance
to most antibiotics. What do you think would be the significance of being knowledgeable about the history of this organism
towards antibiotics?
a. It will just give them background about the microorganism.
b. It will just give them idea of increasing the frequency of the organisms.
c. It will give an idea of continuing the use of antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus.
d. It will give an idea for the medical team to discontinue the use of particular antibiotic resistant to that microorganism.
29. The study of history of life is indeed significant. As part of searching for the fossils of previous organisms, stromatolite
played a significant role. What is true about stromatolite?
a. It is found on eukaryotes. c. It is formed during volcanic eruptions.
b. It is produced by endosymbiosis. d. It consists of layered bacteria and sediment.
 30. The following statements are challenges for the researchers in finding and identifying signs of early cells. Which is NOT
part of the group?
a. Cells are microscopic and most have no parts to fossilize
b. Materials and testing laboratories are not available.
c. Slightly younger rocks have been heated up and undergone other processes
d. Tectonic plate movements have destroyed nearly all rocks older than about 4 billion years.
31. A term used to describe morphologically and genetically similar individuals.
a. clone b. identical c. similar d. vegetative
32. This refers to a type of asexual reproduction where the organism divides into two, leaving one piece headless and the
other tailless, and each piece grows the missing body parts.
a. binary fission b. binary fusion c. transverse fission d. transverse fusion
33. This refers to reproduction in animals that involves production of new living organism through combining two gametes
from different organism, one male producing motile gamete that must fused with the egg cell from female organism.
a. asexual b. sexual c. both and b d. none of a and b
34. Refers to largest cell in the female body waiting for a motile gamete to be fused with.
a. egg b. morula c. sperm d. zygote
35. Live bearing are animals which give birth to live offspring.
a. oviparous b. viviparous c. both and b d. none of a and b
36. In sexual reproduction, what are the gametes involved?
a. egg cell b. sperm cell c. both and b d. none of a and b
37. It is characterized as having two reproductive system in one organism.
a. hermaphroditism c. both and b
b. sequential hermaphroditism d. none of a and b
38. Choose the statement that is TRUE about sexual reproduction:
a. Gametes has diploid cells. c. Produce genetically different offspring as compared to parents.
b. Occur with only one parent involve. d. Involves less time as compared to asexual preproduction process.
39. It is the term called for organism that shifts from male to female like clown fish.
a. protandrous b. protogynous c. both and b d. none of a and b
40. Monkeys and other four-legged animals are classified as:
a. oviparous b. viviparous c. both and b d. none of a and b
41. The Philippine eagle is an example of
a. oviparous b. viviparous c. both and b d. none of a and b
42. A new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site is called
a. budding b. fragmentation c. transverse fission d. parthenogenesis
43. Process in which an organism divides into two and grow into a new organism
a. binary fission b. budding c. transverse fission d. parthenogenesis

For numbers 44-45, refer to the following choices below.

a. Statement I is correct c. c. Statement I and II are both correct.
b. Statement II is correct. d. Statement I and II are both incorrect.

44. I. Aphids can reproduce sexually when conditions are stable and favorable during springs
II. Aphids can reproduce asexually when conditions are stable and favorable during springs

45. I. Sexual reproduction involves the union of gametes and it does not change the number of chromosomes present.
II. Asexual reproduction involves the union of gametes and it does not change the number of chromosomes present.

46. The type of asexual reproduction where the organism splits into two separate organisms like in bacteria.
a. binary fission b. budding c. fragmentation d. parthenogenesis
47. Flat worms (planarians) divides into two, leaving one piece headless and the other tailless each piece grows the missing
body parts.
a. binary fission b. budding c. fragmentation d. parthenogenesis
48. A new individual grows on the body of its parent like hydra and yeast.
a. binary fission b. budding c. fragmentation d. parthenogenesis
49. Reproduction in animals that involves production of new living organism by combining two gametes from different
organisms, one male producing motile gamete that must fuse with the egg cell from female organism.
a. asexual b. sexual c. both and b d. none of a and b
50. This is when an organism possesses two reproductive systems and are referred to as monoecoius.
a. budding b. hermaphroditism c. transverse fusion d. transverse fission