Lecture 1 - RC Design To Eurocode 2 - 29.01.2024

CCB 227 - Reinforced Concrete Design
Course Lecturer
A. P. Adewuyi, PhD
[email protected]
Block 248 Room 164
Ex: 355 - 4961
Reinforced Concrete Design
Reinforced concrete is one of the principal materials used in structural
design. It is a composite material, consisting of steel reinforcing bars
embedded in concrete. These two materials have complementary
properties.
Reinforced concrete is used in many civil engineering applications such

as the construction of structural frames, foundations, retaining walls, water
retaining structures, highways and bridges.
All reinforced concrete building structures are composed of various

categories of elements including slabs, beams, columns, walls and
foundations.
Reinforced Concrete Design
Concrete is arguably the most important building material,
playing a part in all building structures.
Its virtue is its versatility, i.e. its ability to be moulded to take up

the shapes required for the various structural forms.
It is also very durable and fire resistant when specification and

construction procedures are correct.
Reinforced concrete is a strong durable building material which

can be formed into many varied shapes and sizes, ranging from
a simple rectangular beam or column to a slender curved dome
or shell.
Its utility and versatility are achieved by combining the best

features of concrete and steel.
Behaviour of a simply supported beam subjected to bending
Aims of Structural Design
The Eurocode BS EN 1990:2002 + A1:2005 Eurocode.
Basis of structural design states that a structure shall be
designed and executed in such a way that it will, during its
intended life (design life for building structures is
generally taken as 50 years and for monumental
structures like bridges as 100 years), with appropriate
degrees of reliability and in an economical way sustain all
actions and influences likely to occur during execution and
use and be durable. These can be summarized as follows:
1. Structural safety and reliability

2. Durability – fulfil design or service life
3. Economy – Life cycle cost (Construction &
maintenance cost)
4. Aesthetics
Basis of Design
The primary aim of structural design is to achieve (1) Safety, (2)
Durability, (3) Economy, and (4) Aesthetics.
Design of Structures usually requires assumptions, judgements and

decision-making on the basis of available, often incomplete,
information.
An excellent design is expected to achieve a balance between fitness

for purpose, including function and durability, and economy,
Design and Properties of RC Elements
Structural design may be considered as a series of
interrelated and overlapping stages.
In their simplest forms these consist of:
• Conceptual design in which a range of potential

structural forms and materials will be considered.
• Preliminary design which will typically involve simple

and approximate hand calculations to assess the viability
of a range of alternative conceptual solutions.
• Detailed design to include full analysis and

calculations for the selected scheme(s).
Stages of Structural Design
Architect + Engineers
The iterative nature of design

Conceptual Design Stage
1. Planning by the architect to determine the arrangement
and layout of the building to meet the client's requirements.
2. Structural engineer determines the best structural system

or forms to bring the architect's concept into being.
3. Construction in different materials and with different

arrangements and systems may require investigation to
determine the most economical answer.
4. Architect and engineer should work together at this

conceptual design stage.
Components of Detailed Structural Design
1. Idealization of the structure into load bearing frames
and elements for analysis and design.
2. Estimation of loads.
3. Analysis to determine the maximum moments, thrusts
and shears for design.
4. Design of sections and reinforcement arrangements
for slabs, beams, columns and walls using the results
from (3).
5. Production of arrangement and detail drawings and
bar schedules.
Order of Order of
structural design construction
Foundations Roofs
Columns Floor slabs
Beams Beams
Floor slabs Columns
Roofs Foundation
Stress–strain curves for high yield reinforcing steel
Design stress–strain curve for concrete in Parabolic-rectangular stress-strain diagram for
compression (Fig. 2.1, BS 8110). concrete (fck ≤ 50 N/mm2) in compression ( Fig.
3.3, EC 2).
Design stress–strain curve for reinforcement (Fig. 2.2,

BS 8110). Design stress strain diagram for steel
reinforcement (Fig 3.8, EC 2).
__________________
End of Lecture 1
__________________
Introduction to Eurocodes
The Eurocodes are a family of ten European codes of practice for
the design of building and civil engineering structures in concrete,
steel, timber and masonry, amongst other materials.
The Structural
Eurocodes
Why Eurocodes?
1. Eurocodes were published first as preliminary standards, known as ENV (Norme
Vornorme Européenne), beginning in 1992 and subsequently revised and reissued
as full European standards, known as EN (Norme Européenne) in early 2000s..
2. All conflicting standards have therefore been withdrawn. In this context ‘withdrawn’
means that the codes will no longer be maintained and in time will become
obsolete.
3. Eurocode 2 (EC2) deals with the design of concrete structures. EC 2 is largely
similar in scope to BS 8110, which it has replaced due to the official withdrawal of
BS 8110 in 2010.
4. Eurocode 2 applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in
concrete. It is based on limit state principles and comes in four parts.
Scope of Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures

BS EN 1992-1-1 (2004)
Part 1.1 of Eurocode 2, referred to as EC 2, was produced in its final
form as BS EN 1992-1-1 in 2004. The subjects covered in EC 2
include:
Stress–strain curves for high yield reinforcing steel
Stress and strain distributions at section A-A: (a) section; (b) strains; (c) triangular (low strain);
(d) rectangular parabolic (large strain); (e) equivalent rectangular.
Singly reinforced section with rectangular stress block (a) Section (b) Strains (c) Stress Block
(BS 8110) (d) Stress Block (EC 2)
Also, for ductility requirement for reinforced
concrete section, EC 2 recommends
Table 3.1: Strength and deformation characteristics of concrete

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CCB 227 - Reinforced Concrete Design

Reinforced concrete is used in many civil engineering applications such

All reinforced concrete building structures are composed of various

Its virtue is its versatility, i.e. its ability to be moulded to take up

It is also very durable and fire resistant when specification and

Reinforced concrete is a strong durable building material which

Its utility and versatility are achieved by combining the best

1. Structural safety and reliability

Design of Structures usually requires assumptions, judgements and

An excellent design is expected to achieve a balance between fitness

In their simplest forms these consist of:

• Conceptual design in which a range of potential

• Preliminary design which will typically involve simple

• Detailed design to include full analysis and

The iterative nature of design

2. Structural engineer determines the best structural system

3. Construction in different materials and with different

4. Architect and engineer should work together at this

Columns Floor slabs

Floor slabs Columns

Design stress–strain curve for reinforcement (Fig. 2.2,

Scope of Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures

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