21

BIOLOGY (Set-2)
lgh mÙkj pqus
Choose the correct answer :- (1 marks each)
1. buesa ls dkSu lk Hkkx vxqf.kr gS \
(d) fMEc ([k) ;qXeut (x) vè;koj.k (?k) U;qlsyl
Which one of these is haploid ?
(a) Ovum (b) Zygote (c) Integument (d) Nucellus
2- ,d ,yhy gSµ
(d) fdlh xq.k ds thuksa dh iw.kZ la[;k ([k) xq.klw=k ij thuksa dh iw.kZ la[;k
(x) thuksa ds oSdfYid izdkj (?k) fo'ks"krkvksa ds oSdfYid izdkj
An allele is the-
(b) Total number of genes for a trait (b) Total number of genes of chromosome
(c) Alternative forms of a gene (d) Alternative forms of a character
3- vkil esa tqM+s vkgkj J`a[kykvksa dk lewg dgykrk gSµ
(d) vkgkj pØ ([k) vkgkj dEiysDl (x) vkgkj tky (?k) iks"khLrj
A group of interconnected food chain is called-
(a) Food cycle (b) Food complex (c) Food web (d) Trophic level
4- dod ,oa mPp dqy ds ikS/ksa dh tM+ksa ds chp cuus okys lgthoh laca/ dks dgk tkrk gSµ
(d) gkeksZUl ([k) ekbdksjkbtk (x) ykbdsu (?k) tSo fofo/rk
The symbiotic association between fungi and roots of higher plant is called-
(b) Hormones (b) Mycorrhiza (c) Lichen (d) Biodiversity
5- tsE;wYl ik;s tkrs gSa&
(d) Liat esa ([k) gkbMªk esa (x) isfuflfy;e esa (?k) ;hLV esa
Gemmules are found in-
(a) Sponge (b) Hydra (c) Penicillium (d) Yeast
6- vxj ,d lkekU; euq"; ,d yM+dh tks fgeksfiQfy;k dh dSfj;j gS ls 'kknh djrk gS rc&
(d) lHkh iq=k fgeksfiQfy;k ls xzflr gksaxs
([k) lHkh iqf=k;k¡ fgeksfiQfy;k ls xzflr gksaxh
(x) 75» larfr fgeksfiQfy;k ls xzflr gksaxh
(?k) 50» iq=k fgeksfiQfy;k ls xzflr gksaxs
If a normal man marries a girl who is carrier for haemophilia, then-
(a) All sons will be haemophilic
(b) All daughters will be haemophilic
(c) 75% of the offspring will be haemophilic
(d) 50% of the sons will be haemophilic
 22

7- ,d vkgkj J`a[kyk esa 'kkdkgkjh gSµ

(d) izkFkfed mRiknd ([k) izkFkfed miHkksDrk
(x) f}rh;d miHkksDrk (?k) vi?kVd
In a food chain herbivores are
(b) Primary producers (b) Primary consumers
(c) Secondary consumers (d) Decomposers
8- buesa ls dkSu&lk tSo moZjd /ku ds [ksr esa mi;ksx gksrk gSµ
(d) thok.kq ([k) ;hLV (x) lk;uksoSDVhfj;k (?k) dod
Which of the following serve as biofertilizer in paddy fields ?
(a) Bacteria (b) Yeasts (c) Cyanobacteria (d) Fungi
9- buesa ls fdl ikS/s esa fDyLVksxeS h ik;k tkrk gS \
(d) /rwjk esa ([k) isVqfu;k esa (x) dkWesfyuk (?k) XysfM;ksyl
In which of the following plants does cleistogamy occur ?
(b) Datura (b) Petunia (c) Commelina (d) Gladiolus
10- DNA dk og Hkkx tks viuk LFkku cnyrk jgrk gS \
(d) flLVªkuW ([k) VªklikstkWUl (x) bDlkWu (?k) b.VªkuW
Parts of DNA which switches their position are called-
(a) Cistron (b) Transposons (c) Exons (d) Introns
11- ,d ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k ds tSfod dkjd gSaµ
(d) dsoy mRiknd ([k) dsoy miHkksDrk
(x) dsoy vi?kVudÙkkZ (?k) mRiknd] miHkksDrk ,oa vi?kVudÙkkZ
Biotic components of an ecosystem include-
(b) Producers only (b) Consumers only
(c) Decomposers only (d) Producers, consumers and decomposers
12- buesa ls dkSu&lk cSDVhfj;k nw/ dks ngh esa cny nsrk gSµ
(d) izksik;uh cSDVhfj;k ([k) ySDVkscSflyl
(x) LVªsIVksdkWdl (?k) cSflyl
Which of the following bacteria convert milk into curd ?
(b) Propioni bacteria (b) Lactobacillus
(c) Streptococcus (d) Bacillus
13- yhph dk [kkusokyk Hkkx gSµ
(d) ,aMksLieZ ([k) eslksdkiZ (x) ,fjy (?k) isfjdkiZ
Edible part of litchi is ?
(b) Endosperm (b) Mesocarp (c) Aril (d) Pericarp
 23

14- 64 dksMkWu esa ls fdrus ,ehuks vEy ds fy, dksM gksrs gSa \
(d) 64 ([k) 20 (x) 61 (?k) 32
Out of 64 codons how many of them coded for amino acid ?
(b) 64 (b) 20 (c) 61 (d) 32
15- ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k ds vanj mQtkZ dk izokg ,d tho ls nwljs tho esa fdl :i esa gksrk gS \
(d) izdk'k ([k) xehZ
(x) jklk;fud inkFkZ (?k) buesa dksbZ ugha
Within the ecosystem, energy is transferred from organism to organism in the form of-
(b) Light (b) Heat
(c) Chemicals (d) None of these
16- cSDVhfj;k dh [kkst fdlus dh \
(d) ik'pj ([k) dksp (x) Y;wosugkWd (?k) jkcVZ gqd
The bacteria were discovered by-
(b) Pasture (b) Koch (c) Leewenhoek (d) Robert Hook
17- dkSu&lk dFku lR; gSµ
(d) rqY;:irk vfHklkjh fodkl ij vk/kfjr gSA
([k) rqY;:irk volkjh fodkl ij vk/kfjr gSA
(x) lexrrk vfHklkjh fodkl ij vk/kfjr gSA
(?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Which one is correct statement-
(b) Analogous are result of convergent evolution
(c) Analogous are result of Divergent evolution
(d) Homologous are convergent evolution
(e) None of these
18- fdlus dgk Fkk fd thou :iksa dk fodkl] vax ds mi;ksx ,oa vuqi;ksx ds dkj.k gqvk\
(d) ,YizsQM okWyl
s ([k) MkfoZu
(x) ySekdZ (?k) feyj
Who said that different forms of lilfe have evolved from use and disuse of organs ?
(b) Alfred Wallace (b) Darwin
(c) Lamarck (d) Miller
19- FkkWel ekYFkl ds dk;Z gSµ
(d) lef"V lanHkZ (ikWiqys'kUl) ([k) p;u lanHkZ
(x) fodkl izØe (?k) (d) vkSj ([k) nksuksa
The work of Thomas Malthus based on-
(b) Populations (b) Selection
(c) Serial development (d) (a) and (b) both
 24

20- 'kdjdan rFkk vkyw mnkgj.k gSaµ (fodkl ds vk/kj ij)

(d) letkrrk ([k) rqY;:irk (x) ijthfork (?k) buesa lHkh
Sweet potatoes and potatoes are example of– (based on evolution)
(b) Homologous (b) Analogous (c) Parasites (d) All of them
21- ,l-,y- feyj Fks&
(d) ,f'k;u oSKkfud ([k) ;wjksfi; oSKkfud
(x) vesfjdu oSKkfud (?k) Hkkjrh; oSKkfud
S.L. Miller was-
(b) Asian scientist (b) Europian scientist
(c) American scientist (d) Indian scientist
22- izkd`frd oj.k (pquko) fl¼kar fdlus fn;k Fkk \
(d) ySekdZ ([k) MkfoZu (x) ,YizsQM okWysl (?k) buesa dksbZ ugha
Natural selection theory was proposed by-
(b) Lamarck (b) Darwin (c) Alfred Wallace (d) None of them
23- letkrh; lajpuk os gksrs gSa ftuds -------- gksA
(d) 'kkjhfjd lajpuk leku ysfdu fØ;kdyki esa lkekU;r% fHkUurk
([k) fØ;kdyki esa lekurk ysfdu 'kkjhfjd lajpuk esa fHkUurk
(x) 'kkjhfjd lajpuk ,oa fØ;kdyki esa lekurk
(?k) 'kkjhfjd lajpuk ,oa fØ;kdyki esa fHkUurk
Homologous structures are those which have-
(b) Same body structure but different function
(c) Different body structure but same function
(d) Body structure and functions same
(e) Body structures and functions different
24- fuEufyf[kr esa dkSu g~;weksjy izfrj{kk ds fy, ftEesnkj gSaµ
(d) ch&fyEiQkslkbV~l ([k) Vh&fyEiQkslkbV~l
(x) ,y&fyEiQkslkbV~l (?k) ih&fyEiQkslkbV~l
Which among following is responsible for humoral immunity-
(b) B-lymphocytes (b) T-lymphocytes
(c) L-lymphocytes (d) P-lymphocytes
25- dksdhu izkIr fd;k tkrk gSµ
(d) iSikoj lkseuhisQje ls ([k) vjsdk dSVpw ls
(x) jkWmYfiQ;k lisZUVkbuk (?k) bfjFkzkstkbykSu dksdk ls
Cocaine is obtained from-
(b) Papaver somniferum (b) Araca catechu
(c) Rauvolfia serpentina (d) Erythroxylon coca
 25

26- viQhe ds vR;f/d iz;ksx ls gksrk gSµ

(d) 'kjhj ds otu esa deh ([k) Hkkstu esa v:fp
(x) cka>iu (?k) buesa lHkh
Excessive use of opium caused-
(b) Loss in weight of the body (b) Loss of Apetite
(c) Infertility (d) All of the above
27- lfØ; izfrj{kk dh [kkst dh&
(d) jkcVZ dksp ([k) yqbZl ik'pj (x) ,MoMZ tsuj (?k) buesa dksbZ ugha
Active immunity is discovered by-
(b) Robert Koch (b) Louis Pasture
(c) Edward Jener (d) None of the above
28- nok fdrus izdkj dh gksrh gS \
(d) ,d ([k) nks (x) rhu (?k) vusd
How many types of drugs are found ?
(b) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) Many

SOLUTION
(1) (d) (2) (x) (3) (x) (4) ([k) (5) (d)
(6) (?k) (7) ([k) (8) (x) (9) (x) (10) ([k)
(11) (?k) (12) ([k) (13) (x) (14) (x) (15) (x)
(16) (x) (17) (d) (18) (x) (19) (d) (20) ([k)
(21) (x) (22) ([k) (23) (d) (24) (d) (25) (?k)
(26) (?k) (27) (?k) (28) ([k)
 26

y?kq mÙkjh; iz'u%µ

Very Short Questions :– (2 marks each)

izú 1-% f}fu"kspu dk D;k egRo gS \

mÙkj % nksgjs fu"kspu dk egRoµ
(d) f}fu"kspu dk vko`Ùkchth ikS/ks esa fo'ks"k egÙo gSA ;fn ikS/s esa dsoy la;qXeu gksrk gS vkSj
f=klay;u ugha gks rks Hkzw.kiks"k ugha cusxk vkSj mlds iQyLo:i vfodflr Hkzw.k okyk cht
cusxk ;k cht Hkzw.kghu gksxkA
([k) f}fu"kspu ds iQyLo:i gh Hkzw.kiks"k dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA Hkzw.kiks"k gh Hkzw.k dks HkksT; inkFkZ
miyC/ djkrk gSA Hkzw.kiks"k esa ekr` ,oa fir`xq.k lw=k ik, tkrs gSaA vr% Hkzw.kiks"kh;
dksf'kdkvksa esa ladjvkst (hybrid vigour) ds dkj.k 'kjhj fØ;kRed vkØedrk fn[kkrh
gSA

Q. What is significance of double fertilization ?

Ans. Significance of double fertilization:–
(i) Double fertilization is very important in angiospermic plants. If only syngamy
occurs in plants and triple fusion does not occur, only 3 zygote will be formed.
Endosperm will not be formed and this will result seed with undeveloped
embryo or seed without embryo.
(ii) Endosperm is formed due to double fertilization this provides nutrition to
embryo and it contains maternal and paternal chromosome. A body shows
physiological aggressiveness due to hybrid vigour in inner endospermic cells.

izú 2-% lgizHkkfork D;k gS \ mnkgj.k lfgr le>kb, A

mÙkj % F1 ih<+h ds ladjksa esa vxj fdlh thu ds nksuksa ;qXefodYih ;k ,yhy (Allele) leku :i ls
lkFk&lkFk vfHkO;Dr gksrs gSa rks bu ;qXefodfYi;ksa dks lg izHkkoh ,yhy (codominant
alleles) rFkk budh oa'kkxfr dks lgizHkkfork (co-dominance) dgrs gSaA F2 ih<+h esa larkuksa
dk thu izk:i vkSj y{k.k izk:i nksuksa esa 1 % 2 % 1 dk vuqikr gksrk gSA mnkgj.k & eosf'k;ksa
esa Ropk ds ckyksa ds jax dh lgizHkkforkA

Q. What is co-dominance ? Explain with example.

Ans. In co-dominance both dominant alleles of a gene express themselves equally in F1
hybrids. The phenotypic ratio matches with genotypic ratio i.e., 1 : 2 : 1 in F2
generation of offspring.
 27

Example of co-dominance can be seen in coat colour in cattle.

RR X WW
Red coat colour White coat colour

Gamete R W

F1 Gen RW
Roan colour
F2 – RR RW WW
(Red) (Roan) (White)
1 : 2 : 1

izú 3-% Bt dkWVu D;k gS \

mÙkj % Bt dkWVu µ ;g ihM+d izfrjks/h iQlyksa dk fuekZ.k gS tks ihM+duk'kdksa dh ek=kk dks de iz;ksx
esa ykrh gSA chVh ,d izdkj dk tho fo"k gS tks ,d thok.kq cSlhyl ;wfjfUt,fUll ds }kjk
mRikfnr gksrk gS ftls la{ksi esa chVh dgrs gSaA chVh tho fo"k thu thok.kq ls Dyksfur gksdj
ikS/ksa esa izdV gksdj dhVksa ;k ihM+dksa ds izfr izfrjks/drk mRiUu djrk gS ftlls dhVuk'kdksa ds
mi;ksx dh vko;drk ugha gksrh gSA bl izdkj ls tSo ihM+dukf'k;ksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA chVh
dkWVu blh dk ,d mnkgj.k gSA
Q. What is Bt cotton ?
Ans. Bt cotton – Bt is a type of toxin, which is obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis. It is
called Bt in short form. Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacteria and expressed
in plants to provide resistance from insects without the requirement of insecticide. Bt
toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into the
several crop plants such as cotton.

izú 4-% jsfM;ks/ehZ iznw"k.k fdls dgrs gSa \ blds Jksr D;k gSa \
mÙkj % jsfM;ks/ehZ iznw"k.k µ jsfM;ks/ehZ inkFkksZ dh fØ;k'khyrk ds dkj.k eqDr gksus okys vYiQk] chVk]
xkek fofdj.k }kjk gksusokys iznw"k.k dks jsfM;ks/ehZ iznw"k.k dgrs gSaA jsfM;ks/ehZ inkFkksZ ds fofdj.k
ls fudyus okyh vYiQk] chVk] xkek fdj.ksa mRifjorZu mRiUu djrh gSaA
Jksr µ ukfHkdh; foLiQksV] dksckYV 60] LVªkfU'k;e 90] Fkksfj;e 137] dkcZu&14 vkfnA
Q. What is radio-active pollution ? What are the sources of radio-active pollution ?
Ans. Radioactive Pollution – Certain elements such as Radium, Thorium, Uranium emit
protons (Alpha particles) electrons (Beta particles) and Gamma particles by
 28

disintrigration of atomic nuclei. This phenomenon is called radioactivity and these

elements are known as radioactive.
When the radioactive radiations contaminate to water, air, soil and food
materials it is called radioactive pollution.

izú 5-% vEy o"kkZ ds nq"izHkko dks fyf[k,A

mÙkj % vEy o"kkZ ds nq"izHkkoµ
(d) vEy o"kkZ] vEyksa ds teko ds dkj.k ,sfrgkfld Lekjdksa tSls&rktegy] LVsP;q vkWiQ
fycVhZ vkfn dks {kfr igq¡pkrh gSA
([k) vEy o"kkZ e`nk esa mifLFkr ykHknk;d lw{ethoh leqnk;ksa dks ekjrh gS ftlls LFkyh;
ifjra=k xM+cM+krk gSA
(x) tyh; ifjra=k esa vEy o"kkZ Iyodksa] eksyLdksa] eNfy;ksa vkfn dks 5 ls de pH ij ekj
nsrh gS ftlls [kk| J`a[kyk,¡ xM+cM+k tkrh gSaA
Q. Write the effects of Acid Rain.
Ans. Effects of Acid Rain:–
(i) Acid rain damages a number of heritage monuments due to deposition of acids
eg. Statue of Liberty, Taj Mahal etc.
(ii) Acid rain kills the useful soil microbial community thus disturbing terrestrial
ecosystems.
(iii) In the aquatic ecosystem acid rain below 5 pH causes death of planktons,
molluses and fish, therefore it disturb the food chain.

izú 6-% laLi'kZ laneu dh O;k[;k djsa \

mÙkj % vfu;af=kr dksf'kdk foHkktu }kjk dksf'kdk esa vlk/kj.k o`f¼ rFkk xq.ku gksuk dSalj dh igpku
gSA dSalj ihfM+r dksf'kdkvksa dks eSfyxuSUV uheksIykTey dgrs gSaA ;s dksf'kdk,¡ iM+ksl fLFkr
dksf'kdkvksa dh dher ij (vko';d iks"kd rRo ysdj) viuh o`f¼ djrs gSa] rFkk varr%
iM+kslh dksf'kdkvksa dks ekj nsrs gSaA dSalj dksf'kdk,¡ lkekU; dksf'kdkvksa ds laidZ esa vkus ij
muesa xfr rFkk o`f¼ dks LFkfxr dj nsrs gSa muds bl xq.k dks laLi'kZ laneu dgrs gSaA
Q. Explain contact inhibition ?
Ans. Uncontrolled cell division and prolifezation growth & multiplication is sign of cancer
cells & cancer disease, cancerous cells are called malignant neoplasm, which develop
on neighbouring cells (by taking nutritive elements from them) grow and multiply. At
last these cancerous cell kill the neighbouring cell. These concerns cell when come in
contact with normal cell, they inhibit the growth and dynamic of these cells. This
property of cancer cells are called contact inhibition.
 29

izú 7-% 'kkafrdkjd vkS"kf/ D;k gS \ mnkgj.k ds lkFk le>k,¡A

mÙkj % 'kkafrdkjd vkS"kf/ ekufld fpark o ruko ls eqfDr fnykrh gS rFkk eu dks 'kkafr iznku djrh gSA
mnkgj.kLo:iµ
(d) csatksMkbtsfial µ ;g ekufld fpark dks nwj dj eu dks 'kkar djrk gSA
([k) isQuksFkkbftal µ ekufld jksfx;ksa esa ;s fpark fuokj.k dk dk;Z djrh gSA
(x) fjljikbu µ ;g LikZxa/k ls izkIr dh tkrh gS tks ekufld fpark rFkk ruko ls NqVdkjk
fnykrh gSA
Q. What is Tranquilizers ? Explain it with examples.
Ans. Drugs which are used in patients having mental tension & worries are called
tranquilizers.
For example:–
(i) Benzodiazepins – Used in case of mental patient and given mental peace to
them.
(ii) Phenothiazines – It stimulate the patient and given mental peace through
eradicating mental worriness.
(iii) Reserpine – It is obtained from Rauvolfia serpentina and very effective in
mental tension and worriness.

izú 8-% fo|ky;ksa esa ;kSu&f'k{kk dks D;ksa c<+kok nsuk pkfg, \
mÙkj % fo|ky;ksa esa ;kSu f'k{kk dh i<+kbZ dks c<+kok fn;k tkuk pkfg,] rkfd
(d) ;qokvksa dks lgh tkudkjh fey lds
([k) cPps ;kSu laca/h fofHkUu igyqvksa ds ckjs esa iSQyh Hkzakfr;ksa ij fo'okl u djsa
(x) mUgsa ;kSu laca/h xyr /kj.kkvksa ls NqVdkjk fey ldsA

Q. Why should encourage sex education in school ?

Ans. Introduction of sex education in school should be encouraged to provide right
information to young so as to discourage children from myths and having
misconceptions about sex related aspects.

izú 9-% pkj tuu laca/h leL;kvksa dk uke crk,¡A

mÙkj % tuu laca/h pkj leL;k;sa fuEu gSa%&
(d) laxHkZrk] ([k) izlo (x) ;kSu lapkfjr jksx (?k) xHkZikr
(M+) ckaè;rk (p) Írq&L=kko laca/h leL;k (buesa ls dksbZ pkj)
 30

Q. Name four reproduction related problems.

Ans. Reproductive related problems are following:–
(i) Pregnancy (ii) Delivery (iii) Sexually transmitted disease
(iv) Abortion (v) Contraception (vi) Menstrual problems (Any four)

izú10-% 'kqØk.kq dk ,d ukekafdr vkjs[k cuk,¡ A

Draw a labelled diagram of sperm.
Ans.

izú11-% ekjd T-dksf'kdk,¡ (Killer T-cells) fdl izdkj dk;Z djrh gSa \
mÙkj % ;s dksf'kdk,¡ laØe.k okys LFkku ij igq¡pdj ,sls inkFkksZ dk L=kko.k djrh gSa ftlls iSQxkslkbV~l
vkdf"kZr gksdj ,.Vhtu ds Hk{k.k ds fy, rS;kj gks tkrs gSaA iSQxkslkbV~l ij iQksfju uked izksVhu
dk L=kko djrh gSa tks ,.Vhtu ;qDr ;k laØfer nSfgd dksf'kdkvksa dks rFkk thok.kq vkfn dh
dksf'kdk fHkfÙk dks fNfær djds mUgsa Hkh u"V djrh gSaA
Q. How does killer T-cells act ?
Ans. T-cells attack directly and destroy antigens. In the process, these cells move to the site
of invasion and produce chemicals that attract phagocytes and stimulate them so that
they can feed more vigorously on antigens. They also produce substances that attract
other T-cells.
 31

nh?kZ mÙkjh; iz'u%µ

Long Questions :–
izú 1-% tSo fofo/rk dh ifjHkk"kk fyf[k,A tSo fof/rk ds fdUgha rhu eq[; ?kVdks dk laf{kIr
fooj.k nhft,A
mÙkj % tSo fofo/rk izR;sd Lrj ij ikbZ tkus okyh fofo/rk dk tSfod laxBu gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa
fofHkUu izdkj ds thoksa tSls ikniksa] tUrqvksa ,oa lw{e thoksa esa ikbZ tkus okyh fofo/rk ,oa muds
thu esa ikbZ tkus okyh fofo/rk dks ge tSo&fofo/rk dgrs gSaA tSo fofo/rk tehuh;] tyh;
rFkk ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k fofo/rk dks vius vanj lekfgr djrk gSA
TkSo fofo/rk ds rhu ?kVd gksrs gSaµ
(d) vkuqokaf'kd fofo/rk] ([k) tkrh; fofo/rk vkSj (x) ifjfLFkfrd fofo/rk
(d) vkuqokaf'kd fofo/rk µ vkuqoaf'kd fofo/rk Lih'kht ds vanj fufgr&thUl dh
fofHkUurk ls lacaf/r gSA ,d tkfr vkuqoaf'kd Lrj ij vius forj.k {ks=k esa cgqr
fofo/rk n'kkZ ldrh gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ & fgeky; dh fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa esa mxus okyk
vkS"k/h; ikni jkmQosYiQh;k oksfeVksfj;k dh vkuqoaf'kd fofo/rk mlds }kjk mRikfnr
lfØ; jlk;u (jsljfiu) dh {kerk rFkk lkaærk ls lacaf/r gks ldrh gSA Hkkjr ds 50
gtkj ls vf/d vkuqoaf'kd :i ls fHkUu /ku dh rFkk 1000 ls vf/d vke dh
iztkfr;k¡ gSA
([k) tkrh; fofo/rk µ tks fHkUurk tkfr Lrj ij gksrh gSA mls tkrh; fofo/rk dgrs gSaA
mnkgj.kkFkZ&if'peh ?kkV dh mHk;pj tkfr;ksa dh fofo/rk iwohZ ?kkV ls vf/d gSA mlh
rjg] ikS/ksa ds mnkgj.k ys rks] cSaxu (Solanum melanogena)] vkyw (Solaanum
tuberosum) vkSj VekVj (Solanum lycopersicon) lHkh ,d gh thul lksysUl ls gS
ysfdu lHkh tkrh; Lrj ij fHkUu gSA
(x) ikfjfLFkfrd fofo/rk µ tks fHkUurk ikfjra=k Lrj ij gS mls ifjfLFkfrd fofo/rk dgrs
gSaA ;s fofHkUu rjg ds ikfjra=k ls lacaf/r gS] tSls&tehuh; (jsfxLrku] o"kkZou] ?kklh;
eSnku bR;kfn) vkSj tyh; (ufn;k¡] rkykcsa] >hysa] leqæ] bR;kfn)A
IkkfjfLFkfrd fofo/rk rhu izdkj dh gksrh gSaµ vYiQk ()] chVk () vkSj xkek ()
fofo/rkA
(1) vYiQk fofo/rk µ mu thoksa dh fof/rk tks ,d gh leqnk; ds gksrs gSa rFkk ,d gh
oklLFkku esa ik, tkrs gSaA
(2) chVk fofo/rk µ ,d okl&LFkku esa fofHkUu leqnk;ksa ds chp ik;h tkusokyh fofo/rk
dks chVk fofo/rk dgrs gSaA ftruh T;knk okl&LFkkuksa esa fHkUurk gksxh mruh gh T;knk
ml {ks=k esa chVk fofo/rk vf/d gksxhA
(3) xkek fofo/rk µ ySaMLdsi Lrj ij ik;h tkusokyh fofo/rk dks xkek fofo/rk dgrs
gSaA bl fofo/rk esa vYiQk rFkk chVk nksuksa izdkj dh fofo/rk lfEefyr jgrh gSaA ;s
laiw.kZ HkkSxksfyd {ks=k ds okl&LFkkuksa dh fofHkUurk dks n'kkZrk gSA
 32

Q. Define biodiversity. Describe in brief any three important components of

biodiversity.
Ans. Biodiversity is the variation of life at all levels of biological organization. In other
words variability found in different forms of life like plants, animals and
microorganisms and in their genes are called as biodiversity. It voluntarily integrates
terresterial, aquatic and ecosystem diversity.
There are three basic components of biodiversity:– (1) Genetic diversity, (2)
Species diversity and (3) Ecological diversity.
(d) Genetic diversity – Genetic diversity is related to the variations of genes
within species. A single species might shows high diversity at the genetic level
over its distributional range. For example, genetic variations shown by the
medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria growing in different Himalayan ranges
might be in terms of the potency and concentration of the active chemical
(reserpine) that the plant produces. India has more than 50,000 genetically
different strains of rice, and 1,000 varieties of mango.
(e) Species diversity – The diversity at the species level is called species
diversity. For example, the Western Ghats have a greater amphibian species
diversity than Eastern Ghats. Similarly, taking example of plants, brinjal
(Solanum melanogena), Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Solanum
lycopersicon) belong to the same genus Solanum but they all too differ at the
species level.
(f) Ecological diversity – The diversity at the ecosystem level is called
ecological diversity. It is related to the different types of ecosystems, e.g.,
terrestrial (Deserts, rain forest, grass land, etc.) and aquatic (rivers, ponds,
lakes, sea, etc.) ecosystems.
Ecological diversity is of three types – Alpha (), Beta () and Gamma () diversity
(i) Alpha diversity – It refers to the diversity of those organism which belongs to
same community and habitat.
(ii) Beta diversity – Diversity between diferent communities of same habitat is
called beta diversity. If there is more heterogeneity in the habitats in a region or
more dissimilarity between communities, there will be more beta diversity.
(iii) Gamma diversity – Diversity at landscape level is called gamma diversity. It
envolves both types of diversity – alpha and beta. It refers to the diversity of the
habitats in the whole geographical region.
 33

izú 2-% ijkx.k dh ifjHkk"kk nhft,A ikS/ksa esa ij&ijkx.k dh fof/;ksa dk o.kZu djsaA
mÙkj % ijkxdks"k ls >M+us ds ckn ijkxd.kksa dk L=khdslj ds ofrZdkxz rd LFkkukarj.k dks ijkx.k dgrs
gSaA iq"ih ikS/ksa esa ijkx.k nks fof/;ksa }kjk gksrk gSµ (d) Lo&ijkx.k vkSj ([k) ij&ijkx.k
(d) Lo&ijkx.k µ Lo&ijkx.k esa ,d gh iq"i ds ijkxdks"k ds ijkxd.k dk LFkkukarj.k mlh
iq"i ds ofrZdkxz ij ;k mlh ikS/s ds vU; iq"i ds ofrZdkxz ij gksrk gSA
([k) ij&ijkx.k µ ij&ijkx.k esa ,d iq"i ds ijkxd.k dk LFkkukarj.k nwljs ikS/s ds iq"i ds
ofrZdkxz ij gksrk gSA
ikS/ksa esa ij&ijkx.k dh fof/;k¡µ
(d) ,dfyaxrk µ tc ikS/s ,dfyaxh rFkk ,dfyaxkJ;h gksrs gSa rks muesa ges'kk ij&ijkx.k
gksrk gSA tSls&iihrkA
([k) Lo;acaè;rk µ tc ,d iq"i ds tk;kax dk ofrZdkxz mlh iq"i ds ijkxd.kksa ls ijkfxr
ugha gksrk gSA tSls&vkyw] eVj bR;kfnA
(x) fHkUudky iDork µ tc ,d f}fyaxh iq"i ds iqadslj ,oa ofrZdkxz fHkUu&fHkUu le;
ij ifjiDo gksrs gSaA ;s nks izdkj dk gksrk gSµ (i) L=khiwoZrk (tc igys tk;kax ifjiDo
gksrk gS] tSls&cjkxn) vkSj (ii) iaqiow Zrk (tc igys iqeax ifjiDo gksrk gS] tSls&edbZ)
(?k) mHk;fyafxrk µ dqN iq"iksa esa ijkxdks"k vkSj ofrZdkxz ds chp izkd`frd jks/ gksrk gS
ftlds dkj.k Lo&ijkx.k ugha gks ikrk gSA tSls&eVjA
(M+) fo"ke ofrZdkRo µ dqN ikS/ksa ds iq"iksa esa iqeax vkSj ofrZdk fofHkUu yackbZ ds gksrs gSa
ftlls Lo&ijkx.k laHko ugha gks ikrk gSA tSls&izkbeqyk] [kV~VhcqVh] bR;kfnA
Q. What is pollination ? Give an account of the varied means of cross pollination in
plants.
Ans. Transfer of pollengrains after sheding from the anther to the stigma of the carpel is
called pollination.
Pollination in flowering plants occurs by two methods- (1) Self Pollination and (2)
Cross Pollination.
(1) Self Pollination – Self pollination involves the transfer of pollengrains from
the anther of the flower to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of
the same plant.
(2) Cross Pollination – Cross pollination involves the transfer of pollengrains
from the flower of one plant to the stigma of the flower of another plant.
Varied means of cross pollination in plants are–
(a) Dicliny – Cross pollination always occurs when the plants are unisexual and
dioecious. Ex-Papaya
(b) Self Sterility – When the stigma of the gynoecium of a flower is not
pollinated by pollengrains of the same flower. Ex-Pea, Potato etc.
 34

(c) Dichogamy – When maturity of male and female parts of a bisexual flower
occurs in different times. It is of two types. (i) Protogyny (wen gynoecious
matures first. Ex-Banyan) and (ii) Protandry (When androecium matures first.
Ex-Maize)
(d) Herkogamy – In some flowers physical barrier present between anther and
stigma which avoid self pollination. Ex- Calotropis
(e) Heterostyly – The flowers of some plants have different lengths of stamens
and styles so that self pollination is not possible. Ex-Primula, Oxalis etc.

izú 3-% thu fpfdRlk D;k gS \ ,Mhukslhu fM,ehust (ADA) dh deh dk mnkgj.k nsrs gq,
O;k[;k djsaA
mÙkj % thu fpfdRlk esa mu fof/;ksa dk lg;ksx ysrs gSa ftuds }kjk fdlh cPps ;k Hkzw.k esa fpfUgr fd,
x, thu nks"kksa dk lq/kj fd;k tkrk gSA mlesa jksx ds mipkj gsrq thuksa dks O;fDr dh
dksf'kdkvksa ;k mQrdksa esa izos'k djk;k tkrk gSA vkuqoaf'kd nks"k okyh dksf'kdkvksa ds mipkj gsrq
lkekU; thu dks O;fDr ;k Hkzq.k esa LFkkukarfjr djrs gSa tks fuf"Ø; thu dh {kfriwfrZ dj mlds
dk;ksZ dks laiUu djrk gSA
Thu fpfdRlk dk igys igy iz;ksx o"kZ 1990 esa ,d pkj o"khZ; yM+dh esa ,Mhukslhu
fM,ehust (,Mh,) dh deh dks nwj djus ds fy, fd;k x;k FkkA ;g ,atkbe izfrj{kkra=k ds
dk;Z ds fy, vfrvko';d gksrk gSA mi;qZDr leL;k tks ,atkbe ,Mhukslhu fM,ehust ds fy,
ftEesnkj gS tks blds yksi gksus ds dkj.k gksrk gSA
dqN cPpksa esa ,Mh, dh deh dk mipkj vfLFkeTtk ds izR;kjksi.k ls gksrk gSA tcfd
nwljksa esa ,atkbe izfrLFkkiu fpfdRlk }kjk mipkj fd;k tkrk gS] ftlesa lqbZ }kjk jksxh dks lfØ;
,Mh, fn;k tkrk gSA mijksDr nksuksa fof/;ksa esa ;g deh gS fd ;s iw.kZr;k jksxuk'kd ugha gSA tho
fpfdRlk esa loZiFz ke jksxh ds jDr ls ylhdk.kq dks fudkydj 'kjhj ls ckgj lao/Zu fd;k tkrk
gSa lfØ; ,Mh, dh lh Mh,u, (i'p fo"kk.kq laokgd dk iz;ksx dj) ylhdk.kq esa izos'k
djkdj var esa jksxh ds 'kjhj esa okil dj fn;k tkrk gSA ;s dksf'kdk,¡ e`r izk; gksrh gS] blfy,
vkuqoaf'kd fufeZr ylhdk.kqvksa dks le;&le; ij jksxh ds 'kjhj ls vyx djus dh vko';drk
gksrh gSA ;fn eTtk dksf'kdkvksa ls foyfxr vPNs thuksa dks izkjafHkd Hkwz.kh; voLFkk dh
dksf'kdkvksa ls mRikfnr ,Mh, esa izo's k djk fn;k tk, rks ;g ,d LFkk;h mipkj gks ldrk gSA
Q. What is gene therapy ? Describe it by using the example of adenosine deaminase
(ADA) deficiency.
Ans. Gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows correction of a gene defect that
has been diagnosed in a child/embryo. Here genes are inserted into a person’s cells
and tissues to treat a disease. Correction of a genetic defect involves delivery of a
normal gene into the individual or embryo to take over the function of and
compensate for the non-functional gene.
 35

The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with
adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. This enzyme is crucial for the immune
system to function. This disorder is caused due to the deletion of the gene for adnesine
deaminase.
In some children ADA deficiency can be cured by bone marow transplantation; in
others it can be treated by enzyme replacement therapy, in which functional ADA is
given to the patient by injection. But the problem with both of these approaches that
they are not completely curative. As a first step towards gene therapy, lymphocytes
from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture outside the body. A functional
ADA cDNA (using a retroviral vector) is then introduced into these lymphocytes,
which are subsequently returned to the patient. However, as these cells are not
immortal the patient requires periodic infusion of such genetically engineered
lymphocytes. However, if the gene isolate from marrow cells producing ADA is
introduced into cells at early embryonic stages, it could be a permanent cure.

izú 4-% esaMy us m|ku eVj esa fdu y{k.kksa dks pqukA muds }kjk iz;ksxksa ds fy, eVj ds ikS/s
pquus ls D;k ykHk gq, \
mÙkj % xzhxksj esaMy us m|ku eVj ds ikS/ksa esa lkr o"kksZ (1856&1863) rd ladj.k ds iz;ksx fd, rFkk
muds vk/kj ij thoksa dh oa'kkxfr fu;e dks izLrkfor fd;kA lka[;dh; fo'ys"k.kksa vkSj xf.kfr;
rdZ'kkL=k dk tho foKku dh leL;kvksa ds lek/ku gsrq izFke mi;ksx Hkh esaMy }kjk oa'kkxr
vaos"k.kksa ds nkSjku gh fd;k x;kA muds iz;ksxksa esa uewuksa dh fo'kky la[;k us muds vkadM+ksa dks
fo'oluh;rk iznku dhA lkFk gh muds ijh{kk/hu ikS/ksa dh mÙkjksÙkj ihf<+;ksa ij fd, x, iz;ksx
rFkk muds liQy fu"d"kksZ us fl¼ fd;k fd esaMy ds oa'kkxfr fu;eksa esa O;kidrk Fkh vkSj os
dsoy viq"V fopkj ugha FksA
esaMy us dsoy eVj ds ikS/s dks vius iz;ksx ds fy, pquk D;ksafd eVj ds ikS/ksa esa
vusd izdkj ds foijhr xq.k gksrs Fks] tSls&
(d) xksy rFkk >qjhZnkj cht ([k) ihys rFkk gjs cht
(x) cSaxuh rFkk lisQn iwQy (?k) iwQyh gqbZ rFkk ladhf.kZr iQyh
(M+) gjh rFkk ihyh iQyh (p) v{kh; rFkk 'kh"kZLFk iwQy
(N) yacs rFkk ckSus ikS/s
esaMy us eVj ds ikS/s ds mu y{k.kksa ij fopkj fd;k tks loZFkk foijhrkFkZ Fks ftlds
dkj.k mls oa'kkxfr fu;eksa dk vk/kjHkwr <k¡pk rS;kj djus esa lgk;rk feyhA esaMy us vusd
rnwzi&iztuu&le] eVj ds 'kq¼ oa'kØeksa dks ysdj d`f=ke ijkx.k@ij&ijkx.k ds iz;ksx fd,A
esaMy }kjk iz;ksxksa ds fy, eVj ds ikS/s pquus ls ykHk%µ
 36

(1) eVj ds ikS/s NksVs gksus ds dkj.k iz;ksx djus esa lqfo/ktud gksrs FksA
(2) eVj ds ikS/s dk thou&pØ NksVs gksus ds dkj.k ifj.kke ,d lky ds vanj vk tkrk FkkA
(3) eVj ds ikS/s ,d ih<+h esa dbZ cht mRiUu djrs Fks ftlls lgh fu"d"kZ fudkyus esa
lgk;rk feyrh FkhA
(4) d`f=ke ij&ijkx.k djuk vklku gksrk Fkk D;ksafd iqeax vkSj tk;kax iw.kZ:i ls <ads jgrs
FksA
(5) eVj ds ikS/ksa esa oks lkr xq.k tks mUgksaus pquk Fkk oks rS;kj jgrs FksA
(6) esaMy us vius vè;;u ds fy, ,d le; esa fliZQ ,d gh xq.k dks fy;kA
(7) eVj ds ikS/s Lo;a ijkfxr ,oa 'kq¼ gSaA
Q. Discuss the characters chosen by Mendel in garden pea. Mention the advantages
of selecting this plant for experiment.
Ans. Gregor Mendel, conducted hybridisation experiments on garden peas for seven years
(1856-1863) and proposed the laws of inheritance. During Mendel’s investigations
into inheritance patterns it was for the first time that statistical analysis and
mathematical logic were applied to problems in biology. His experiments had a large
sampling size, which have greater credibility to the data that he collected. Also, the
confirmation of his inferences from experiments on successive generations of his test
plants, proved that his results pointed to general rules of inheritance rather than being
unsubstantiated ideas.
Mendel selected only pea plant for his experiment due to presence of many
types of contrasting characters, like-
(i) Round and wrinkled seed (ii) Yellow and green seed
(iii) Violet and white flower (iv) Inflated and constricted pod
(v) Green and yellow pod (vi) Axillary and terminal flower
(vii) Tall and dwarf plant
Mendel investigated characters in the garden pea plant that were manifested as two
opposite traits which allowed him to setup a basic frame work of rules governing
inheritance. Mendel conducted such artificial pollination/cross pollination
experiments using several true breeding pea lines.
Advantages of selecting pea plants for experiment by Mendel:–
(c) Due to short height of pea plant, it was easy to do experiment on that.
(d) Pea plant had a short life cycle so that results could be had within a year.
(e) Pea plant produced many seeds in one generators which helped in drawing
correct conclusions.
(f) Artificial cross-pollination could be easily achieved because androecium and
gynoecium were completely enclosured.
 37

(g) Pea plants having each of the seven characters he selected were readily
available.
(h) Mendel took only one character at one time for his experiment.
(i) Pea plants are self pollinated and pure.

izú 5-% 'kqØtud ufydk ds lajpuk dk lfp=k o.kZu djsaA

mÙkj % o`"k.k ikfydk ds vanj 'kqØk.kq dk iSnk ,d vfr dqaMfyr 'kqØtud ufydk,¡ (lsesfuisQjl
V~;wcqYl) esa gksrh gSA izR;sd 'kqØtud ufydk dk Hkhrjh Hkkx nks izdkj dh dksf'kdkvksa ls
Lrfjr gksrh gS ftUgsa uj teZ dksf'kdk,¡ ('kqØtuu@LiesZVksxksfu;k) vkSj lVksZyh dksf'kdk,¡ dgrs gSaA
uj teZ dksf'kdk,¡ v/Zlw=kh foHkktu ds iQyLo:i 'kqØk.kqvksa dk fuekZ.k djrh gSa tcfd lVksZyh
dksf'kdk,¡ teZ dksf'kdkvksa dks iks"k.k iznku djrh gSaA 'kqØtud ufydkvksa ds ckgjh {ks=k dks
varjkyh vodk'k (baVjLVhf'k;y Lisl) dgk tkrk gSA blesa NksVh&NksVh :f/j okfgdk,¡ vkSj
varjkyh dksf'kdk,¡ (baVjLVhf'k;y lsYl) ;k yhfMax dksf'kdk,¡ gksrh gSaA yhfMax dksf'kdk,¡ iqtau
(,aMªkstu) uked o`"k.k gkeksZu la'ysf"kr o L=kkfor djrh gSaA dqN vU; dksf'kdk,¡ Hkh gksrh gSa tks
izfrj{kkRed dk dk;Z djrh gSaA

Q. Describe the structure of seminiferous tubules with diagram.

Ans. The production of sperms in the testes takes place in a highly coiled structure called
the seminiferous tubules. These tubules are located in the testicular lobules. Each
seminiferous tubule is lined on its inside by two types of cells called male germ cells
(spermatogonia) and sertoli cells. The male germ cells undergo meiotic divisions
finally leading to sperm formation, while sertoli cells provide nutrition to the germ
cells. The outside regions of seminiferous tubules called interstitial spaces, contains
small blood vessels and interstitial cells or leydig cells. Leydig cells synthesize and
 38

secrete testicular hormones called androgens. Other immunologically competent cells

are also present.

izú 6-% tuu LoLF; izkfIr ds fy, fofHkUu dk;Z;kstukvksa ds liQyrkiwoZd fØ;kU;o;u ds fy,
D;k&D;k lqfo/k,¡ vko';d gS \
mÙkj % tuu LokLF; izkfIr ds fy, fofHkUu dk;Z;kstukvksa ds fØ;kU;o;u ds fy, lajpukRed
lqfo/kvksa] O;kolkf;d fo'ks"kKrk rFkk Hkjiwj HkkSfrd lgkjksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA yksxksa dks
tuu laca/h leL;kvksa tSls dh lxHkZrk] izlo] ;kSu lapkfjr jksxksa] xHkZikr] xHkZfujks/dksa] ekgokjh
laca/h leL;kvksa] caè;rk (ck¡>iu) vkfn ds ckjs esa fpfdRlk lgk;rk ,oa ns[kHkky miyC/
djkuk vko';d gSA le;&le; ij csgrj rduhdksa vkSj ubZ dk;Zuhfr;ksa dks fØ;kfUor djus dh
Hkh vko';drk gS] rkfd yksxksa dks vf/d lqpk: :i ls ns[kHkky vkSj lgk;rk dh tk ldsA
c<+rh eknk Hkzw.k gR;k dh dkuwuh jksd ds fy, mYcos/u (,sehukslSaVsfll) tk¡p] fyax ifj{k.k ij
oS/kfud izfrca/ rFkk O;kid izfrj{khdj.k (Vhdk) vkfn dqN egÙoiw.kZ dk;ZØeksa dks Hkh
'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
Q. What are the requirements for successful implimentation of various action plan
to attain reproductive health ?
Ans. The requirements for successful implimentation of various action plan to attain
reproductive health requires strong infrastructural facilities, professional expertise and
material supports. These are essential to provide medical assistance and care to people
in reproduction- related problems like pregnancy, delivery, STDs, abortions,
contraception, menstrual probelms, infertility, etc. Implimentation of better techniques
and new strategies from time to time are also required to provide more efficient care
and assistance to people. Statutory ban on amniocentesis for sex determination to
legally check increasing female foeticides, massive child immunisation etc. are some
programmes that merit mention in this connection.
 39

izú 7-% vkS"kf/ ls D;k le>rs gSa \ blds nksuksa izeq[k izdkjksa dk mnkgj.k ds lkFk o.kZu djsaA
mÙkj % oSls inkFkZ] tks 'kkjhfjd d"V ;k jksx ds fuokj.k] jksdFkke ,oa tk¡p esa lgk;d gks mls vkS"kf/
dgrs gSaA
'kjhj ij iM+us okys vusd izHkko ds vk/kj ij vkS"kf/;ksa dks nks lewgksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gSµ
(d) efLr"d izHkkoh vkS"kf/
([k) Luk;qra=k izHkkoh vkS"kf/
(d) efLr"d izHkkoh vkS"kf/ µ mudk izHkko izR;{k :i ls efLr"d ij iM+rk gS] ftlds
dkj.k ekuo ds LoHkko esa ifjorZu gks tkrk gSA blfy, bUgsa fetkt cnyus okyh nok
Hkh dgrs gSaA tSls&dSiQhu] dksdhu] viQhe] LeSd] gsjksbu bR;kfnA
([k) Luk;qra=k izHkkoh vkS"kf/ µ ;s dsUæh; Luk;q ra=k dks izHkkfor djrk gS vkSj foHkze dh
fLFkfr mRiUu gksrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ,yú,lúMhú] Hkkax] xkatk] pjl bR;kfnA
Q. What do you mean by Drug. Describe its two types with example ?
Ans. Those substance which are useful in prevention, diagnosis and test of physical trouble
and disease condition of men are called drug.
On the basis of effect on the body drugs are of two types–
(a) Psychotropic Drug – These drugs directly affect the brain and caused changes in
nature. Therefore these drugs are called as mood alternating drug. For example-
Cafine, Cocain, Aphim, Morphin and Heroin etc.
(b) Psychedelic drug – These drugs affect the central nervous system and cause
hallucination. For example- LSD, Bhang, Ganza, Charas etc.

izú 8-% eysfj;k ds y{k.k ,oa jksdFkke ds mik;ksa dk o.kZu djsaA

mÙkj % eysfj;k jksx ds fuEu y{k.k egÙoiw.kZ gSaµ
(d) tkM+s @ daiu ds lkFk cq[kkj] ljnnZ] isf'k;ksa esa nnZ
([k) vkjúchúlhú dh la[;k esa deh
(x) Iyhgk dk vkdkj c<+ tkuk
(?k) jksxh dh ,d LFkk;h vof/ (48 ?kaVk ;k 72 ?kaVk) ds varjky ij cq[kkj vkukA
jksdFkke ds fuEu mik; gks ldrs gSaµ
(i) ePNjksa dks fou"V dj µ eysfj;k jksx eknk ,uhfiQyht ePNjksa ds dkVus ls IkSQyrk gS]
bl fy, mUgsa fou"V dj mls jksdk tk ldrk gSA mlds fy, MhúMhúVhú dk fNM+dko
rFkk fdjkslhu fNM+dk tkrk gSA ePNjkas dks xSacqfl;k uked eNfy;k¡ ls tSo&fu;a=k.k
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(ii) laØe.k ls cpko µ euq"; dks ePNjnkuh dk mi;ksx djuk pkfg,A ePNj fujks/d
Øhe ;k ljlksa dk rsy 'kjhj ds [kqys Hkkx ij yxkuk pkfg,A dquSu ;k IY;wMªhu uked
nokvksa dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A
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Q. Describe the symptoms & prevention of malaria disease.

Ans. Symptoms :–
(i) Fever with coldness chill, headache and muscular pain.
(ii) Decrease in RBC count.
(iii) Spleen increase in size
(iv) Fever comes alternatively at 48 hours.
Prevention:–
(a) Through Destroying Mosquitoes – Malaria is spread by the bite of female
anopholese mosquito, therefore, destroying them, we can prevented the disease.
For this spraying of DDT & Kerosine and their biological control through
Gambusia fish is very useful.
(b) Prevention through infection – Every person should use mosquito net. If
necessary mosquito cream available in market should be used for protection from
mosquito bite. Medicines like Quinine and Paludrin may be used for treatment of
malaria.