Earth and Life Science

Earth and Life Science
Objectives
- 4 subsystems of the Earth

● four major subsystems: land, water, living things, or air. These four subsystems are called
"spheres." Specifically, they are the "lithosphere" (land), "hydrosphere" (water), "biosphere"
(living things), and "atmosphere" (air).
- Common rock forming minerals
● The chemical properties of minerals depend on their chemical formula and crystal structure.
Solubility and melting point are chemical properties commonly used to describe a mineral. The
most common rock-forming minerals are quartz, feldspar, mica, pyroxene, amphibole, and
olivine.
Facts about the Earth:

- The creation of the Earth was a result of the creation of the solar system
- Geologic process that shaped the planet enabled life to begin
- Underwent evolutionary processes that can be described in terms of geologic time
Universe and the Solar System

- origins of planets and the whole universe are explained by different theories.
Origin of the universe creation myths:
1. Korean Myth (hangug singwa) - The creation myth or the founding myth states that the people on
Earth didn't even exist at the start. “Yul-Ryeo,” a divinity, and “Mago,” a goddess, arose.
Yul-Ryeo then passed away. Gung-hee and So-hee are two deities that were born from Mago.
Gung-hee and So-hee are two deities that were born from Mago. They gave birth to two angelic
men and two angelic women. Yul-Ryeo is resurrected just after the arrival of the Celestial People,
and by her rebirth, the paradise and the Earth were formed, along with water, fire, and the “ki”
(soul). Those components eventually created herbs, birds, plants, and animals. The Celestial
People governed all living creatures from their celestial castle, called ‘Magoseong,’ in honor of
the deity. Mago opted to remain with Yul-Ryeo, whose entire body has become the Earth.
2. Biblical creation - creation of the universe took place in 6 days by a creator God. On the first day,
God created light in the darkness. On the second, He created the sky. Dry land and plants were
created on the third day. On the fourth day, God created the sun, the moon and the stars. Water
and sky animals were made on the fifth day, and on the sixth day, land animals and people were
created. Many things have happened since the world was first created, including the entrance of
sin into a perfect world. However, we can still enjoy the beauty of nature today and see the many
wonders of God’s creation and how they reflect His glory.
｡⁠:๑⁠♡♡~waiizs~♡♡⁠๑:⁠｡
HUMSS - A
3. Big bang Theory - 13.7 billion years ago. Random fluctuation in an empty void, a great
explosion/expansion created the universe. Explosion sent space time matter and all energy in all
directions called the "big bang". The best-supported Theory of our universe's origin centers on an
event known as the big bang. This Theory was born of the observation that other galaxies are
moving away from our own at great speed in all directions, as if they had all been propelled by an
ancient explosive force. In the first 10^-43 seconds of its existence, the universe was very
compact, less than a million billion billionth the size of a single atom. It's thought that at such an
incomprehensibly dense, energetic state, the four fundamental forces - gravity, electromagnetism,
and the strong and weak nuclear forces were forged into a single force, but our current theories
haven't yet figured out how a single, unified force would work.
Creation myth - symbolic narrative of the beginning of the world passed down orally and understood by a
culture.
Timeline:
- Bigbang
- Formation of the universe
- Formation of basic elements
- Period of radiation
- Period of matter domination
- Stars and galaxies
Milky Way galaxy

- Name of our Galaxy given by a scientist
- The Milky Way is the galaxy that includes the Solar System, with the name describing the
galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that
cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. The term Milky Way is a translation of the
Latin via lactea, from the Greek words (galaktikòs kýklos), meaning "milky circle"
Origin of the solar system

- There was an era where stars and and galaxies began to form
Descrates' Vortex Theory

- First proponent of the origin of the solar system
- The solar system was formed into bodies with nearly circular orbits because of a whirlpool-like
motion in the pre-solar materials
- A depiction of Rene Descartes' vortices. In his Theory, the entire universe was filled with
elements of different sizes which shifted around each other. At the center is the sun, which is
made up of the smallest kind of element and the bigger ones sift out and circle around it.
Buffon's collision Theory
｡⁠:๑⁠♡♡~waiizs~♡♡⁠๑:⁠｡
HUMSS - A
- George Louis proposed that planets were formed due to a collision. The resulting debris from
planets that rotate in the same direction.
- A comet approaches the sun and collides with it due to gravitational force. A substantial amount
of material was blasted off the sun and separated from it as a result of the encounter. The
separated components became planets and asteroids when cooling produced condensation.
Kant-Laplace nebular Theory

- A great cloud of dust and gas called NEBULA began to collapse because of gravitational pull. As
NEBULA contracted it spun more rapidly. Spinning cloud flattens into a pancake shape. As the
nebula collapses further selected regions contract on their own due to gravity. These local regions
became the sun and the galaxy.
- Kant's central idea was that the solar system began as a cloud of dispersed particles. He assumed
that the mutual gravitational attractions of the particles caused them to start moving and colliding,
at which point chemical forces kept them bonded together.
Jeans-Jeffrey tidal Theory

- The sun and the planets were produced by substances torn out of the sun. Torn off materials
condense to turn into other planets.
- The tidal Theory, proposed by James Jeans and Harold Jeffreys in 1918, is a variation of the
planetesimal concept: it suggests that a huge tidal wave, raised on the sun by a passing star, was
drawn into a long filament and became detached from the principal mass.
Solar nebular Theory

- formed through contraction in the dense region of interstellar gas forces that later coalesce into
planets.
- The solar nebular hypothesis describes the formation of our solar system from a nebula cloud
made from a collection of dust and gas. It is believed that the sun, planets, moons, and asteroids
were formed around the same time around 4.5 billion years ago from a nebula.
Nebula - interstellar cloud made up of gas and dust
Classification of planets
- Based on their positions relative to the sun/earth
Interior - Mercury, veus, earth, mars

Exterior - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, neptune
Asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter forms a boundary between interior planets and exterior planets.
｡⁠:๑⁠♡♡~waiizs~♡♡⁠๑:⁠｡
HUMSS - A
References:
https://ling-app.com/ko/korean-myths/#:~:text=The%20creation%20myth%20or%20the,that%20were%2
0born%20from%20Mago.
https://www.gcu.edu/blog/spiritual-life/weekly-devotional-beauty-gods-creation#:~:text=On%20the%20fi
rst%20day%2C%20God,the%20moon%20and%20the%20stars.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/origins-of-the-universe#:~:text=The%20best%2Dsup
ported%20Theory%20of,by%20an%20ancient%20explosive%20force.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way
https://www.loc.gov/collections/finding-our-place-in-the-cosmos-with-carl-sagan/articles-and-essays/mod
eling-the-cosmos/physical-astronomy-for-the-mechanistic-universe#:~:text=A%20depiction%20of%20Re
ne%20Descartes,out%20and%20circle%20around%20it.
https://prepp.in/news/e-492-buffons-Theory-geography-notes
｡⁠:๑⁠♡♡~waiizs~♡♡⁠๑:⁠｡
HUMSS - A

Earth and Life Science - W1 Lesson Summary

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- 4 subsystems of the Earth

Facts about the Earth:

Universe and the Solar System

Origin of the universe creation myths:

Milky Way galaxy

Origin of the solar system

Descrates' Vortex Theory

Buffon's collision Theory

Kant-Laplace nebular Theory

Jeans-Jeffrey tidal Theory

Solar nebular Theory

Interior - Mercury, veus, earth, mars

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