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    10 Heat Flow in Welding

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    mohamed.hassan031
    The document discusses heat flow during welding. It covers the purposes of studying heat transfer which include predicting weld size and controlling heating/cooling rates. The influencing factors on heat flow are described as the energy input, initial temperature, welding geometry, material properties, and electrode size. Thermal cycles in the heat affected zone are illustrated, showing decreasing peak temperature and increasing time to peak temperature with distance from the weld. Cooling rates and their calculation, and the determination of plate thickness type (thick vs thin) in relation to heat flow modeling are also summarized.

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    10 Heat Flow in Welding

    Uploaded by

    mohamed.hassan031
    58 views20 pages
    The document discusses heat flow during welding. It covers the purposes of studying heat transfer which include predicting weld size and controlling heating/cooling rates. The influencing factors on heat flow are described as the energy input, initial temperature, welding geometry, material properties, and electrode size. Thermal cycles in the heat affected zone are illustrated, showing decreasing peak temperature and increasing time to peak temperature with distance from the weld. Cooling rates and their calculation, and the determination of plate thickness type (thick vs thin) in relation to heat flow modeling are also summarized.

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    10 Heat flow in welding

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    The document discusses heat flow during welding. It covers the purposes of studying heat transfer which include predicting weld size and controlling heating/cooling rates. The influencing factors on heat flow are described as the energy input, initial temperature, welding geometry, material properties, and electrode size. Thermal cycles in the heat affected zone are illustrated, showing decreasing peak temperature and increasing time to peak temperature with distance from the weld. Cooling rates and their calculation, and the determination of plate thickness type (thick vs thin) in relation to heat flow modeling are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    58 views20 pages

    10 Heat Flow in Welding

    Uploaded by

    mohamed.hassan031
    The document discusses heat flow during welding. It covers the purposes of studying heat transfer which include predicting weld size and controlling heating/cooling rates. The influencing factors on heat flow are described as the energy input, initial temperature, welding geometry, material properties, and electrode size. Thermal cycles in the heat affected zone are illustrated, showing decreasing peak temperature and increasing time to peak temperature with distance from the weld. Cooling rates and their calculation, and the determination of plate thickness type (thick vs thin) in relation to heat flow modeling are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    HEAT FLOW IN WELDING

    Introduction •
    The main purposes of studying the heat transfer during welding are:-
    a- To predict the minimum heat input to form a weld of any
    given width.
    b- To control the heat and cooling rates in the weld heat affected
    zone and weld metal
    c-To control the various microstructures in the weld metal and Heat
    affected zone (HAZ)
    d- To predict the welding conditions for the production of defect

    . free-joints

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed
    the influencing factors The ** •
    arc the in changes temperature
    as summarized be can welding
    follows:-
    A-The energy input from the heat source.
    B-The initial plate temperature or preheat. -
    C-The welding geometry including thickness
    of base metal.
    D-The thermal characteristics of the material.
    E-The electrode size.

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed
    Thermal cycles in the heat affected zone (HAZ)
    in arc welds

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed
    The following three characteristics are illustrated
    for the above thermal cycles

    1- The peak temperatures decreases rapidly with


    increasing distance from the weld center line.

    2-The time required to peak temperature increases


    with increasing distance from the weld center
    line.

    3- The rates of heating and cooling decreases with


    increasing distance from the weld center line

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed
    Thermal cycles in different welding
    processes

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed
    Weld cycles in repeated passes

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed
    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed
    Effect of joint type on heat flow

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed
    )Net heat Input (Hnet
    For butt welded joints
    = [(E.I)/v]ɳHnet
    =efficiency of heat transferWhere E=Voltage, I=Amperage, η

    For fillet welds


    Fillet weld “corner-T-joint” = [2/3 (E.I)/V]ɳHnet

    In root pass Hnet=[3/2(E.I)/V]ɳ, S effective =(3/2)S plate


    = [0.5(E.I)/V]ɳIn Cruciform Hnet

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed
    Cooling rates
    With carbon and alloy steels, the temperature at
    best is ) which cooling rate is calculated (TC
    on temperature “nose” pearlite the near taken
    = 550 ºC.CTdiagram TTT-the

    According to the plate thickness we have two types


    of heat transfer
    a)- Thick plate, three dimensional heat flow
    b)-thin plate, two dimensional heat flow

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed
    Heat flow according to plate
    thickness

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed
    Cooling rate for thick and thin
    plates

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed
    Determination the type of plate
    •

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed
    Seferian Method for calculating the preheat
    temperature
    To create a quality welded joint we need to find and use the
    suitable parameters for the used welding technology and
    also the necessary preheating temperature. During the
    technology process planning, we need to calculate the
    carbon equivalent by finding alloy chemical composition
    with the appropriate steel group equivalent equation
    With the carbon equivalent, the combined sheet thickness .
    and the welding process heat input, we can calculate the
    welding parameters. This calculation is not a simple
    method because the process heat input depend on the
    welding process and the welding speed. Also it is very
    important to know the heat transfer type (2D or 3D) and the
    .used gas or gases
    Prediction of Preheating
    temperature (Seferian Method)

    Prof. Dr. Hassan Megahed


    Interaction of Preheat and Composition

    CE = %C + %Mn/6 + %(Cr+Mo+V)/5 + %(Si+Ni+Cu)/15

    Carbon equivalent (CE) measures ability to form martensite,


    which is necessary for hydrogen cracking
    CE < 0.35 no preheat or postweld heat treatment
    0.35 < CE < 0.55 pr e he a t
    preheat and postweld heat treatment CE> 0.55
    Preheat temp. increases as CE increases and plate thickness
    increases­

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed
    Why Post-Weld Heat Treat?

    The fast cooling rates associated with welding often


    produce martensite
    During postweld heat treatment, martensite is
    tempered (transforms to ferrite and carbides)
    -Reduces hardness
    -Reduces strength
    -Increases ductility
    -Increases toughness
    Residual stress is also reduced by the postweld heat
    treatment

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed 0.1.1.5.1.T10.95.12


    Cooling Time
    •

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed
    In case of thin plate
    •

    Prof,Dr.Hassan Megahed

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