This document outlines homework problems for a linear systems course. It includes problems on finding the null space and range of matrices, performing matrix computations, proving claims about linear independence, determining if vectors are in a span, finding the rank and null space of a matrix, computing characteristic polynomials, deriving a change of basis formula, proving properties of eigenvalues of real symmetric matrices, computing eigenvalues/eigenvectors and representing linear maps in different bases, and analyzing solution trajectories of linear systems.
This document outlines homework problems for a linear systems course. It includes problems on finding the null space and range of matrices, performing matrix computations, proving claims about linear independence, determining if vectors are in a span, finding the rank and null space of a matrix, computing characteristic polynomials, deriving a change of basis formula, proving properties of eigenvalues of real symmetric matrices, computing eigenvalues/eigenvectors and representing linear maps in different bases, and analyzing solution trajectories of linear systems.
This document outlines homework problems for a linear systems course. It includes problems on finding the null space and range of matrices, performing matrix computations, proving claims about linear independence, determining if vectors are in a span, finding the rank and null space of a matrix, computing characteristic polynomials, deriving a change of basis formula, proving properties of eigenvalues of real symmetric matrices, computing eigenvalues/eigenvectors and representing linear maps in different bases, and analyzing solution trajectories of linear systems.
This document outlines homework problems for a linear systems course. It includes problems on finding the null space and range of matrices, performing matrix computations, proving claims about linear independence, determining if vectors are in a span, finding the rank and null space of a matrix, computing characteristic polynomials, deriving a change of basis formula, proving properties of eigenvalues of real symmetric matrices, computing eigenvalues/eigenvectors and representing linear maps in different bases, and analyzing solution trajectories of linear systems.
(1) Range and Null Space: Find bases of the range spaces and null spaces of the following matrices 010 4 1 −1 1 2 3 4 A1 = 0 0 0 , A2 = 3 2 0 , A3 = 0 −1 −2 2 001 11 0 0 0 0 1
(2) Matrix Computations: Let
112 A = 1 2 1 211
Find A3 − 4A2 − A + 4I.
(3) Proofs: Prove or disprove the following claims. If u, v, and w are linearly indepen- dent vectors, then so are: a) u, u + v, u + v + w b) u + 2v − w, u − 2v − w, 4v c) u − v, v − w, w − u d) −u + v + w, u − v + w, −u + v − w
(4) Basis: Let Y be the space spanned by the four vectors
Is [3, −1, 13, 17] ∈ Y ? Is [4, 9, 12, −8] ∈ Y ? Is [−1, −1, −3, 3] ∈ Y ? (5) Null Spaces and Ranges: Let 1 −1 0 A = 2 −2 0 0 0 1
1 What is the rank of A? Find a basis of the null space K and range R of A. Draw pictures of K and R in R3 . Under what conditions does Ax = b have a solution for x and is the solution unique?
(6) Matrices: Find the characteristic polynomial of the matrix
Write down a matrix whose characteristic polynomial is λ4 + a3 λ3 +
a2 λ 2 + a1 λ + a0 .
(7) Change of Basis: Let α be a linear map R3 −→ R3 and e1 , e2 ,P e3 , f1 , f2 , f3 be bases
for R3 . f1 , f2 , f3 is related to e1 , e2 , e3 by fj = k Pjk ek , j = 1, 2, 3 where P is an invertible matrix. TheP matrix A of α with respect to the basis e1 , e2 , e3 is given by α(ej ) = i Aij ei , j = 1, 2, 3. Derive the formula for the matrix of α with respect to the basis f1 , f2 , f3 .
(8) Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: Prove that a real symmetric matrix A has all eigenvalues real. [Hint: Consider wAv ∗ where the right and left eigen- vectors v and w correspond to eigenvalue λ.] Give an example of a 2 × 2 real matrix with complex eigenvalues.
(9) Linear Systems: Compute the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the following ma- trices. Find the matrix of the corresponding linear map relative to a basis of eigenvectors. Sketch the solution trajectories in R2 of ẋ = Ax for each case indicating the invariant subspaces associated with the eigenvectors. Sketch each case in the original coordinates and relative to the basis of eigenvectors.
−3 4 a) [sink] −0.75 −7 −6 −4 b) [saddle] 4 11 c) [non-trivial Jordan block] Do as much of this question as you can −2 1 in the case 0 −2 What goes wrong here?
