BANGALORE SAHODAYA SCHOOLS COMPLEX ASSOCIATION (BSSCA)

Class XII
PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION (2022-2023)
SET A – MARKING SCHEME
DATE: 20.01.23 Max. Marks: 70
Subject: Biology (044) Time: 3 Hours

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. The question paper contains - five sections A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory.
3. Section A has 12 questions and 04 Assertion-Reason based questions of 1 mark each
4. Section B has 5 Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions of 2 marks each
5. Section C has 7 Short Answer (SA)-type questions of 3 marks each
6. Section D has 2 case-based questions of 4 marks each
7. Section E has 3 Long Answer (LA)-type questions of 5 marks each.
8. There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in some questions.
A student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.
9. Wherever necessary, neat and properly labeled diagrams should be drawn.
·
Q NO. MARKS

SECTION A

1 (c) Gonorrhoea, typhoid, trichomoniasis, HIV leading to AIDS 1

2 (c) a)-iii) b)-iv) c)-ii) d)-i) 1

3 (a) Only (i) and (ii) 1

4 (d) Both (a) and (b) 1

5 (a) (i) and (ii) 1

6 (b(b)B and C 1

7 (a)immunosupressive agent in organ transplant 1

8 (c(c) Transformed recipient cells will die. 1

9 (b)The value of K is equal to N 1

10 a)Declining population 1

11 (a)Gross primary productivity is always more than Net primary productivity. 1

12 (c) Decreased diversity contributes to higher productivity 1

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13 A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 1

14 C. A is true but R is false. 1

15 C.A is true but R is false. 1

16 C.A is true but R is false. 1

SECTION B

17 (a) Blastocyst implantation ½

(b) Finger like projections appear on trophoblast as chorionic villi

which gets interdigited with uterine tissue to form placenta. 1

Facilitate exchange of gases/nutrients/endocrine ½

tissue/removal of wastes(any one)

18 Round seeds and larger starch grains are produced by plants homozygously 2
carrying the BB gene, whereas smaller starch granules are produced by
wrinkled seeds (bb).
19 Disease Pneumonia in humans ½

Bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are ½

responsible (any 1)
The symptoms of pneumonia include fever, chills, cough and headache. In ½ x2=1
severe cases, the lips and fingernails may turn gray to bluish in colour. (any
2)

20 (a) One added methyl group to DNA and the other was able to cut the 1
DNA
1
(b) Restriction endonucleases/Hind II

21 Pyramid of numbers can look inverted in a tree,where the single tree is the 1
producer ( first trophic level ) and a number of insects are feeding that tree
( second trophic level
Pyramid of biomass in a sea is generally inverted ,because the biomass of 1
fishes/ zooplanktons far exceeds those of the phytoplankton which are
microscopic.

Or

T1-Phytoplankton, T2-Zooplankton ,T3 Fishes 1

The pyramid is inverted
Since the biomass of fish exceed the phytoplankton the pyramid is inverted ½+½

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 SECTION C

22 Parturition is induced by a complex neuroendocrine mechanism as the signals 1

for parturition originate from the fully developed foetus and the placenta
produce foetal ejection reflex.

This causes the release of oxytocin from the maternal pituitary which in turn
1
causes stronger uterine contractions which in turn stimulates further secretion
of oxytocin.

The stimulatory reflex between the uterine contraction and oxytocin 1

continues leading to stronger contraction .

23 (a) A – Embryo 1
B – Endosperm
(b) Perisperm is diploid and B is triploid 1
(c) It is due to polyembrony in which nuceller cells starts protruding into 1
the embryo sac and develop into embryos

24 (a) Initiation and mol X is RNA polymerase ½ +½

(b)RNA polymerase binds to promoter and initiates transcription (Initiation).

½ +½
It uses nucleoside triphosphates as substrate and polymerises the formation of
mRNA/helps in opening of helix…if denatured above functions will be
hampered

(c)No split gene arrangement and no capping and tailing ½ +½

25
(a) A fish caught in South Africa happened to be a Coelacanth which was 1
thought to be extinct. These animals called lobefins evolved into the first
amphibians that lived on both land and water.

(b) A French naturalist Lamarck had said that evolution of life forms had 1
occurred but driven by use and disuse of organs.

He gave the examples of Giraffes who in an attempt to forage leaves on tall 1

trees had to adapt by elongation of their necks. As they passed on this
acquired character of elongated neck to succeeding generations, Giraffes,
slowly, over the years, came to acquire long necks.

26 a) Morphine 1
b) Taken by snorting and injection 1
c) Heroin is obtained by acetylation of morphine extracted from the latex of 1
poppy plant.

OR

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 Addiction is a psychological attachment to certain effects –such as euphoria 1
and a temporary feeling of well-being – associated with drugs and alcohol.

With repeated use of drugs, the tolerance level of the receptors present in our
body increases. Consequently the receptors respond only to higher doses of 1
drugs or alcohol leading to greater intake and addiction.

This is characterised by anxiety, shakiness, nausea and sweating, which may 1

be relieved when use is resumed again. In some cases, withdrawal symptoms
can be severe and even life threatening and the person may need medical
supervision.

27 a)A- BamH1 B-Pvu 1 1

b)ORI ½

c)Tetracycline /ampicillin (any 1)

½
Beta galactosidase marker differentiates the recombinants from the non 1
recombinants based on their ability to produce colour in presence of a
chromogenic substrate. when a recombinant is inserted into the coding
sequence of the enzyme there occurs the insertional inactivation of the
enzyme. Whereas the selectable marker used in the diagram follow a very
cumbersome process which requires simultaneous plating with two
antibiotics
28 a) i)Genetic diversity 1
ii) Ecological diversity
b) We have more species diversity in tropics because - a)Speciation is
generally a function of time, unlike temperate regions subjected to frequent 2
glaciations in the past, tropical latitudes have remained relatively undisturbed
for millions of years and thus, had a long evolutionary time for species
diversification, (b) Tropical environments, unlike temperate ones, are less
seasonal, relatively more constant and predictable. Such constant
environments promote niche specialization and lead to a greater species
diversity and (c) There is more solar energy available in the tropics, which
contributes to higher productivity; this in turn might contribute indirectly to
greater diversity. (any two)

SECTION D

Q no 29 and 30 are case based questions. Each question has sub parts with internal choice in one
subpart.

29 (a) The sex determination in honey bee is based on the number of sets of ½
chromosomes an individual receives.
Haplodiploid sex determination system. ½
(b) A- meoisis B- mitosis
(c) Henking could trace a specific nuclear structure all through 1
spermatogenesis in a few insects, and it was also observed by him that 50 per 2
cent of the sperm received this structure after spermatogenesis, whereas the

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 other 50 per cent sperm did not receive it.

OR

1½

(c)
½
In humans the type of sex determination mechanism is designated to be the
example of male heterogamety.

30 (a)Gametocytes development in RBC /human host ½ +½

(b)Release of haemozoin due to bursting of RBC causing chills and 1
fever
(c )No..it takes place in mosquito as gametocytes are sucked through 1 + 1=2
blood and then fertilisation takes place in gut of mosquito
OR 1+1=2
(c)Plasmodium falciparum and sporozoites
SECTION E

31 ½x 6 = 3

Spermatogenesis starts at the age of puberty due to significant increase in the

secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). This, if you recall, is a
hypothalamic hormone. The increased levels of GnRH then acts at the
½
anterior pituitary gland and stimulates secretion of two gonadotropins –
luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). LH acts at ½
the Leydig cells and stimulates synthesis and secretion of androgens.
Androgens, in turn, stimulate the process of spermatogenesis. FSH acts on the ½
Sertoli cells and stimulates secretion of some factors which help in the ½
process of spermiogenesis.

OR
d) Due to acrosomes having enzymes to dissolve the membrane of ovum.
e) Zona pellucida induces changes in the membrane and prevent polyspermy.
f) Completion of meiotic division which is unequal and results in the
formation of second polar body and haploid ovum.
g) To draw the head region of the sperm.

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 h) Fertilization takes place in ampullary isthmus junction.

32 (a)Expressed Sequence Tags/ Sequence Annotation 1x5

(b)Sequence Annotation – This blind approach involved sequencing the
whole genome (coding and non-coding) and later assigning functions to the
different regions.
(c )BAC(bacterial artificial chromosome and YAC(yeast artificial
Chromosome
(d)SNPs/for tracing human history and also helps in finding chromosomal
locations for disease associated sequences.
(e)For determination of amino acid sequences in proteins.
OR
Fig no. 6.14
(a) Lac operon diagram in presence of inducer
(b) No, because in the absence of inducer lactose, the regulatory gene, i ½X6
produces a repressor protein that binds to the operator site and labeling
prevents transcription of structural genes so operon gets switched off. s=3
(c) It regulates switching off and on of operon 1
1

33 (a) serum and urine analysis 1

(b) Presence of a pathogen (bacteria, viruses, etc.) is normally suspected ½ + ½
only when the pathogen has produced a disease symptom. By this
time the concentration of pathogens is already very high in the body.
However, very low concentration of a bacteria or virus (at a time

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 when the symptoms of the disease are not yet visible) can be detected 1
by amplification of their nucleic acid by PCR.
(c) A single stranded DNA or RNA, tagged with a radioactive molecule
(probe) is allowed to hybridise to its complementary DNA in a clone
of cells followed by detection using autoradiography. The clone 2
having the mutated gene will hence not appear on the photographic
film, because the probe will not have complementarity with the
mutated gene.
OR
(a) Meloidegyne incognitia ½
(b) The process is RNA interference (RNAi). ½
(c) This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a
complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents 2
translation of the mRNA (silencing). Using Agrobacterium vectors,
nematode-specific genes were introduced into the host plant. The
introduction of DNA was such that it produced both sense and anti-
sense RNA in the host cells. These two RNA’s being complementary
to each other formed a double stranded (dsRNA) that initiated RNAi
and thus, silenced the specific mRNA of the nematode. The
consequence was that the parasite could not survive in a transgenic
host expressing specific interfering RNA. The transgenic plant
therefore got itself protected from the parasite 2
(d) This is known as toxicity/safety testing. Transgenic animals are made
that carry genes which make them more sensitive to toxic substances
than non-transgenic animals. They are then exposed to the toxic
substances and the effects studied. Toxicity testing in such animals
will allow us to obtain results in less time
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