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Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 4
Function
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Function

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ana Cleo C. Razon PhD

Louie Joy J. Rosit PhD

Editors: Julius J. Igot EdD

Kenneth Regene B. Blasco

Management Team: Bianito A. Dagatan EdD, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

Casiana P. Caberte PhD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Felix C. Galacio Jr. PhD

EPS, Mathematics

Josephine D. Eronico PhD

EPS, LRMDS

Printed in the Philippines by Schools Division of Bohol

Department of Education – Region VII, Central Visayas

Office Address: 0050 Lino Chatto Drive Barangay Cogon, Tagbilaran City,
Bohol
Telefax: (038) 501 – 7550
Tel Nos. (038) 412 – 4938; (038) 411-2544; (038) 501 – 7550
E-mail Address:[email protected]
Learning Competencies:
The learner finds the domain and the range of a function (M8AL-IId-1).
The learner graphs and illustrates a linear function and its (a) domain; (b) range;
(c) table of values; (d) intercepts; and (e) slope (M8AL-IId-e-1).

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

 determine the domain and range of the given function;
 define a linear function f(x) = mx + b; and
 graph linear functions using the table of values.

Lesson 1: Domain and Range of a Function

What is it

o Domain of the function is the set of all permissible values of x that give real values for y.
o Range of the function is the set of permissible values for y or f(x) that give the values of x real
numbers.

FINDING THE DOMAIN AND RANGE GIVEN A GRAPH OF A FUNCTION

Examples: Find the domain and range of each graph below.

Graph Solution
1.
As indicated in the graph, arrow heads indicate that
the graph of the function extends in both directions. It
extends to the left and right without bound; thus, the domain
D of the function is the set of real numbers. Similarly, it
extends upward and downward without bound; thus, the
range R of function is the set of all real numbers. In
symbols,
D = {x|x ∈ ℜ}, Read as: The domain D of the
function is the set of all x such that x is an element of the set
of real numbers.
R = {y|y ∈ ℜ}, Read as: The range R of the
function is the set of all y such that y is an element of the set
of real numbers.

2.
As observed in the graph, arrow heads indicate that
the graph of the function is extended to the left and right
without bound, and downward, but not upward, without
bound. Thus, the domain of the function is the set of real
numbers, while the range is any real number less than or
equal to 0. That is,
D = {x|x ∈ ℜ}, Read as: The domain D of the
function is the set of all x such that x is an element of the set
of real numbers.
R = {y|y ≤ 0}, Read as: The range R of the function
is the set of all y such that y is less than or equal to 0.
Note: In determining the range of the function, make
sure you look for minimum and maximum values of y.

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FINDING THE DOMAIN OF A FUNCTION

You have tried identifying the domain and the range of the graph of the function. What about if
you are asked to find the domain of the function itself without its graph? Let’s try it!

WHEN FINDING THE DOMAIN, REMEMBER:

 The denominator (bottom) of a fraction cannot be zero.
 The number under a square root sign must be positive.

Examples: Determine the domain of each function below.

Function Solution

In f(x) = 3x, there is no value of x that makes the function undefined.

1) f (x)=3 x
Thus, the domain of f(x) = 3x is the set of real numbers or {x|x ∈ ℜ}.

In f (x)=√ x−2, the value “x-2” must be positive since it is under a

square root sign. So, we have to substitute the value of x with a number which
will make “x-2” positive. Examples of these values of x are 2, 2.5, 3, 3.7, 4, 5,
2) f (x)=√ x−2
and so on. However, x=1 cannot be because it gives a negative value of the
function, as 1-2 = -1. Thus, the domain of the function is x is greater than or
equal to 2, or {x|x ≥2}.

x +1
In f ( x )= , the denominator “x” must not be equal to zero. So, x≠ 0.
x +1 x
3) f ( x )= Thus, the domain of the function is the set of real numbers except 0, or
x
{x∨ x ∈ R , x ≠ 0 }.

What’s More

Directions: Answer the following:

1.) Find the domain and range of each graph below.

a. b.

2.) Determine the domain of each function.

a) f(x) =5x + 1
b) f(x) = x – 7

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 Lesson 2: Definition of a Linear Function

What is it

o Linear Function is a function of first degree in the form f(x) = mx + b, where m and b are real
numbers. Its graph is a line with slope m and y-intercept b.
o Degree of a function is the highest exponent of x that occurs in the function.
o Slope of a line refers to the steepness of a line. It can be solved using the formula:
rise y 2− y 1
y= or y=
run x 2−x 1
Examples:
Determine whether each is a linear function or not. Write the degree of the function. For linear
functions, identify the slope m and the y-intercept b.

Is it a
Linear Degree of the
Given Slope m y-intercept b
Func- function
tion?
Answer: 1
Answer: 2 Answer: 3
1. f(x) = 2x + 3 Yes The exponent of the
f(x) = 2 x + 3 f(x) = 2 x + 3
variable x is 1.
Answer: -1 Answer: 0
Answer: 1 f (x)=−x f (x)=−x
2. f(x) = -x Yes The exponent of the
is equal to is equal to
variable x is 1.
f(x) = (-1) x + 0 f(x) = (-1) x + 0
Answer: 2 Answer: 8
Answer: 1 f (x)=2(x+ 4) f (x)=2(x+ 4)
3. f(x) = 2(x+4) Yes The exponent of the
is equal to is equal to
variable x is 1.
f(x) = 2 x + 8 f(x) = 2x + 8
Answer: 2
The highest
exponent of the
4. f(x) = x2 + 5x + 4 No variable x is 2. A ------------ -----------
linear function can
only have 1 as a
degree.
Answer: 0
f(x) = -4 is equal to
5. f(x) = -4 No f(x) = 0 + (-4) ------------ -----------
It means that the
degree is zero.

What’s More

Directions: Determine whether each is a linear function or not. Write the degree of the function.
For linear functions, identify the slope m and the y-intercept b.

Given Is it a Linear Function? Degree of the function Slope m y-intercept b

1. f(x) = 5x + 1
2. f(x) = -6x
3. f(x) = 10x2 + 7x

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4. f(x) = 2 ( x – 3)

Lesson 3: Graphing Linear Functions Using the Table of Values

What is it

The function can be graphed using the table of values of x and y.

Examples:

1. Determine the values of the function f(x) = 3x+1 at x=-1, x=0 and x=1. Identify the
ordered pairs, create a table of values from the ordered pairs and graph.

Solution: On the equation f(x)=3x+1, substitute the value of x with -1, 0 and 1 to identify the
ordered pairs.
x = -1 x=0 x=1
f(x) = 3x+1 f(x) = 3x+1 f(x) = 3x+1
f(x) = 3(-1) +1 f(x) = 3(0)+1 f(x) = 3(1)+1
f(x) = -3 + 1 f(x) = 0+1 f(x) = 3+1
f(x)= -2 f(x) = 1 f(x) = 4
(-1, -2) (0, 1) (1, 4)
The ordered pairs are (-1, -2), (0, 1) and (1, 4).

Create the table of values from the ordered pairs above.

x -1 0 1
y -2 1 4

Graph the function using the given table of values.

What’s More

Directions: Determine the values of the following function at x=-2, x=0 and x=2. Identify the
ordered pairs, create a table of values from the ordered pairs and graph.

1.) f(x) = x + 3

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 Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer
sheet. Show your solution on a separate sheet of paper.

1) It is the set of permissible values for y or f(x) that give the values of x real numbers.
a. Domain b. Range c. Function d. Relation
2) It is the set of all permissible values of x that give real values for y.
a. Domain b. Range c. Function d. Relation
3) What is the range of the graph below?

a. R={y|y ∈ ℜ} b. R={y|y ∈ Z } c. R={y|y ≥0} d. R={y|y ≤0}

4) What is the domain of the function f ( x )= √ x−8?
a. D={x|x ∈ ℜ} b. D={x|x ∈ Z } c. D={x|x ≥8} d. D={x|x ≤8}
5) Determine the slope of the function f(x) =4x + 3.
a. 1 b. 4 c. 3 d. ¼
6) Determine the y-intercept of the function f(x) = 7(x +5).
a. 1 b. 7 c. 5 d. 35
7) Which of the following is NOT a linear function?
a. f(x) =14x – 13 b. f(x) =-11x + 8 c. f(x) =4(x + 4) d. f(x) =x2
+3
8) What is the value of the function f(x) = 4x + 5 at x = 4?
a. 4 b. 5 c. 16 d. 21
9) Which of the following represents the table of the function f(x) = x+5?

a. b. c. d.
10) Which of the following ordered pairs represent the following graph of the function f(x) = x - 4?

a. (-4, 0), (-3, 1), (-2, 2) c. (0, -4), (1, -3), (2, -2)
b. (4, 0), (3, -1), (2, 2) d. (6, 2), (5, 1), (4, 1)

Reference

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Abuzo, E. et.al 2013. Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module. Pasig City: Department of Education-Bureau of
Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR).
Republika ng Pilipinas
Kagawaran ng Edukasyon
Rehiyon VII, Sentral Visayas
Sangay ng Bohol

Grade 8 Mathematics
Summative Assessment for Weeks 1 & 2

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided
before each number. Show your solution on a separate sheet of paper.

___1) Which of the following is a linear equation?

a. x + y > 4 b. 2x – 3y < 6 c. 11y ≥ 2x + 3 d. 12 – 7y = 3x

___2) Which of the following is a linear inequality in two variables?

a. 4x – 3y = 5 b. 7y + 3 < 12 c. 3x ≥ 14 d. 11 + 2y ≤ 3x

___3) What is the graph of linear inequalities in two variables?

a. straight line b. half of a parabola c. parabola d. half-plane

___4) What linear inequality is represented by the graph below?

a. x− y >1 b. x− y <1 c. −x + y >1 d. −x + y <1

___5) Jenny bought three carrots and TWO cauliflowers. The total amount she paid was at most
P140. If x represents the cost of each carrots and y the cost of each cauliflower, which of
the following mathematical statements represents the given situation?
a. 3 x+ 2 y ≥ 140 b. 3 x+ 2 y ≤ 140 c. 3 x+ 2 y >140 d.3 x+ 2 y <140

___6) The difference between the scores of Crystal and Sofie in the test is not more than 6
points. Suppose Crystal’s score is 32 points, what could possibly be the score of Sofie?
a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50

___7) Amelie is using two mobile networks to make phone calls. One network charges her
P5.50 for every minute of call to other networks. The other network charges P6.00 for
every minute of call to other networks. In a month, she spends at least P300 for these
calls. Suppose she wants to model the total cost for her mobile calls to other networks
using a mathematical statement, which of the following mathematical statement could it
be?
a. 5.50 x+ 6 y=300 c. 5.50 x+ 6 y ≥ 300
b. 5.50 x+ 6 y >300 d. 5.50 x+ 6 y ≤ 300

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___8) Which of the following ordered pairs satisfy both 2 x+7 y> 5 and 3 x− y ≤2 ?
a. (0, 0) b. (10, -1) c. (-4, 6) d. (-2, -8)
___9) Which of the following shows the plane divider of the graph of y ≥ x + 4?

a. c.

b. d.

___10) Mr. Bonifacio asked each of his agriculture students to prepare a rectangular garden such
that its perimeter is at most 19 m and the difference between its length and its width is at
least 5 m. Which of the following could be the sketch of a garden that a student may
prepare?

a. c.

b. d.

___11) Joena paid at most P250 for the 4 markers and 3 pencils that she bought. Suppose the
marker is more expensive than the pencil and their price’s difference is greater than P30.
Which of the following could be the amount paid by Joena for each item?
a. Marker: P56 b. Marker: P46 c. Marker: P35 d. Marker: P50

Pencil: P12 Pencil: P7 Pencil: P15 Pencil: P19

___12) Mrs. Reyes wants to buy at least 30 kilos of pork (p) and beef (b) for her restaurant
business but can spend at most P12,000. A kilo of pork costs P180 and a kilo of beef
costs P250. What mathematical statements represent the given situation?
a. { b+ p=30
180 p+ 250 b=12000
c. {b+ p>30
180 p+ 250 b<12000
b. { b+ p ≥30
180 p+ 250 b ≤12000
d. {b+ p ≤30
180 p+ 250 b ≥12000

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___13) Which of the following is a system of linear inequalities in two variables?
a. 2 x+7 y> 2 b. 12 x−13 y=11 c. {x− y <1
x+ y<4
d. {x+2 x−9 y>y=413
___14) Which of the following shows the graph of the system {x−4
2 x + y <2
y> 9
?

a. c.

b. d.

___15) Which of the following is a graph of a system of linear inequalities in two

variables?

a. c.

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 b. d.

Performance Task
CREATING A BUDGET PROPOSAL
Directions:

Read the situation below then come up with the appropriate budget proposal. The budget
proposal should be clear, realistic, and make use of linear inequalities in two variables and other
mathematical statements. Use a one whole long bond paper.

Situation:

Due to the rising prices of food commodities, you decided to raise broiler chickens for
your family’s consumption. You sought permission from your parents and asked them to give
you some amount to start with. Your parents agreed to give you some money; however, they still
need to see how you will use it. They asked you to prepare a budget proposal for the chicken
house that you will be constructing, the number of chickens to be raised, the amount of chicken
feeds, and other expenses.

RUBRIC: Budget Proposal of Raising Broiler Chickens

4 3 2 1
The budget
proposal is
clear, accurate, The budget
The budget The budget
practical, and proposal is not
proposal is clear, proposal is not
the use of linear too clear and
practical, and clear and the
inequalities in the use of linear
the use of linear use of linear
two variables inequalities in
inequalities in inequalities
and other two variables
two variables is in two
mathematical is not properly
illustrated. variables is not
statements illustrated.
illustrated.
are properly
illustrated.

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Reference

Abuzo, E. et.al 2013. Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module. Pasig City: Department of Education-Bureau of
Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR).

Answer Sheet

Name: __________________________________________________________
Grade & Section: ________________ Score: _______

Quarter 2 – Module 4

Lesson 1
What’s More
1.a. Domain: _________________________; Range: ______________________
1.b. Domain: _________________________; Range: ______________________
2.a. Domain: _________________________
2.b. Domain: _________________________

Lesson 2
What’s More
Is it a Linear Degree of the
Given Slope m y-intercept b
Function? function
1. f(x) = 2x + 3
2. f(x) = -x
3. f(x) = x2 + 5x + 4
4. f(x) = -4

Lesson 3
What’s More
1.) f(x) = x + 3

Solution:

x= -2 x=0 x=2
_______________ _______________ _______________
_______________ _______________ _______________
_______________ _______________ _______________
( ___ , ___ ) ( ___ , ___ ) ( ___ , ___ )

The ordered pairs are ___________ , ____________ , ____________.

Table of Values:
x

10
 y

Graph of the function:

Assessment

1. 4. 7. 10.
2. 5. 8.
3. 6. 9.

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