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    Y10 C10 Heat Transfer MS

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    Shafiqa Fitri
    (1) Energy is transferred from the hot plate to the water by conduction and then spread through the water by convection. All of the water in an electric kettle becomes heated through convection currents set up by the denser cooler water sinking and the hotter less dense water rising. (2) A shiny metal kettle loses energy more quickly when dirty because a dull black surface is a better emitter of radiation. (3) The vacuum flask reduces unwanted energy transfers through its stopper which is a poor conductor, its double walls with a vacuum gap which prevents conduction and convection, and its shiny silver lining which reflects radiation inward or outward.

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    Y10 C10 Heat Transfer MS

    Uploaded by

    Shafiqa Fitri
    12 views2 pages
    (1) Energy is transferred from the hot plate to the water by conduction and then spread through the water by convection. All of the water in an electric kettle becomes heated through convection currents set up by the denser cooler water sinking and the hotter less dense water rising. (2) A shiny metal kettle loses energy more quickly when dirty because a dull black surface is a better emitter of radiation. (3) The vacuum flask reduces unwanted energy transfers through its stopper which is a poor conductor, its double walls with a vacuum gap which prevents conduction and convection, and its shiny silver lining which reflects radiation inward or outward.

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    (1) Energy is transferred from the hot plate to the water by conduction and then spread through the water by convection. All of the water in an electric kettle becomes heated through convection currents set up by the denser cooler water sinking and the hotter less dense water rising. (2) A shiny metal kettle loses energy more quickly when dirty because a dull black surface is a better emitter of radiation. (3) The vacuum flask reduces unwanted energy transfers through its stopper which is a poor conductor, its double walls with a vacuum gap which prevents conduction and convection, and its shiny silver lining which reflects radiation inward or outward.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    12 views2 pages

    Y10 C10 Heat Transfer MS

    Uploaded by

    Shafiqa Fitri
    (1) Energy is transferred from the hot plate to the water by conduction and then spread through the water by convection. All of the water in an electric kettle becomes heated through convection currents set up by the denser cooler water sinking and the hotter less dense water rising. (2) A shiny metal kettle loses energy more quickly when dirty because a dull black surface is a better emitter of radiation. (3) The vacuum flask reduces unwanted energy transfers through its stopper which is a poor conductor, its double walls with a vacuum gap which prevents conduction and convection, and its shiny silver lining which reflects radiation inward or outward.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Year 10 – Chapter 10 – Transfer of Thermal Energy

    Name: ____________________ Class: ______________ Date: _______________


    1. A saucepan with a thick copper base contains water and is placed on a flat electric hot
    plate.
    (a) State the process by which energy is
    (i) transferred from the hot plate to the water; Conduction
    (ii) spread through the water. Convection
    (b) (i) An electric kettle is filled with water. The heating element is placed at the bottom.
    Explain why all of the water becomes heated when the kettle is switched on.
    When the kettle is switched on, the water above the heating element becomes hot and less
    dense. The hotter water rises to the top and cooler water which is denser sinks to the bottom
    and the process repeats. This sets up a convection current which heats the whole water in
    the kettle.
    (ii) Explain why a shiny metal kettle loses energy more quickly when it becomes dirty.
    When the shiny metal kettle becomes dirty, the surface becomes dull black. Dull black
    surfaces are better emitters of heat so thermal energy is lost quickly to the surroundings by
    radiation.

    2. A pack which contains frozen liquid is placed in a holder under the lid of a box as shown in
    the diagram below. The box is then used to keep the food cold.

    Food

    (a) Suggest one reason why the frozen pack is placed at the top of the box.
    Cool air at the top is denser. Therefore, cool air sinks to keep the food cold.
    (b) Suggest one reason why the food could be kept cold for a longer period of time if
    the walls are made of two layers instead of one layer of plastic.
    Air is trapped between the two layers of plastic. Air is a poor conductor of heat so food will
    be kept cold for a longer period of time.

    3. In the event of a fire, we are advised to crawl close to the floor. The smoke particles
    produced in a fire create great discomfort by making breathing difficult and reducing our
    ability to find our way to safety. How does crawling close to the floor during a fire help to
    keep us safe?
    A convection current is set up when air is heated. Smoke is carried upwards by hot air, and
    cool air sinks to the floor. Hence, the air nearer to the floor will allow us to breathe more
    easily. We are also less likely to lose consciousness because we breathe in less smoke.
    4. Describe how each part of the vacuum flask helps to reduce unwanted energy transfers.

    The stopper is made from a


    material (usually plastic or
    cork) that is a poor conductor
    of heat. This means that less
    energy is transferred through
    the top of the bottle by
    conduction. The stopper
    prevents air from
    rising out of the flask,
    reducing evaporation and
    energy transfer by
    convection.

    The container has two walls,


    which have a gap between
    them. They are usually made
    from glass or plastic; each of
    these materials is a poor
    conductor of heat.
    The gap between the two
    walls is a vacuum. Because
    this vacuum contains no
    particles, energy cannot be
    transferred by
    conduction or convection.

    The inside and outside


    surfaces of the double-walled
    container have a shiny silver
    layer which is a poor emitter
    of radiation. The inside
    surface reflects some of the
    infrared radiation back into
    the liquid, keeping hot liquids
    hot. The outside surface
    reflects some of the infrared
    radiation back to the
    surroundings, keeping cool
    liquids cool.

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