Experiment Instructions: WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
Experiment Instructions: WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
Experiment Instructions: WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
°C
Experiment Instructions
Please read and follow the safety instructions before the first installation!
Table of Contents
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Unit Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Safety Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4 Theoretical Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5 Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1 Introduction
1 Introduction 1
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
2 Unit Description
9 6
5
1
2 Unit Description 2
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
2 Unit Description 3
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
2 Unit Description 4
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
11/09
Heater Cooler
All rights reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau G.m.b.H., Barsbüttel, Germany
2 Unit Description 5
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
10 10 10 10 10
6 5 4 3 2 1
ø110
2 Unit Description 6
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
2.3 Commissioning
(4) and the main switch (5) via which the control
and display unit is supplied.
- Connect the test unit to the control and display
unit with the data cable (6) and the mains cable
PC-Interface
(7). The sockets for the heater load (8) and
Vor Öffnen des Gehäuses Netzstecker ziehen!
Disconnect from power supply before opening! data acquisition (9) are on the rear.
220 - 240 V, 50 Hz Last / Load
Temperatur / Temperature 1-9 The data cable and socket on the left of the test
unit are used for experiments on radial con-
duction (10), those on the right for linear con-
3 5 4 8 9
duction (11).
Fig. 2.12 Back view of control unit
- Make the connections for the cooling water
feed and return (12) using a 6mm hose.
Important!
Never connect the heater directly to the mains. The
connection must always be made via the control
and display unit.
Before changing over the connections, always
switch off the control and display unit first.
10 11 Never operate without cooling water.
Fig. 2.11 Connection side o
2 Unit Description 7
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
2 Unit Description 8
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
3 Safety Instructions
first.
Work is only to be performed by specialist
personnel.
- Only use protection devices (fuses) of the sti-
pulated value.
3 Safety Instructions 9
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
3 Safety Instructions 10
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
4 Theoretical Principles
4 Theoretical Principles 11
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
. λ
q = ⋅ (ϑ1 − ϑ2) (4.4)
s
4 Theoretical Principles 12
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
For every layer in the wall the heat flow is the same.
The following applies:
. λ1
1st Layer : Q= ⋅ A ⋅ (ϑ1 − ϑ2)
s1
. λ2
ϑ1
2nd Layer : Q= ⋅ A ⋅ (ϑ2 − ϑn)
s2
ϑn A
ϑ2 . λn
. nth Layer : Q= ⋅ A ⋅ (ϑn − ϑn+1)
Q sn
4 Theoretical Principles 13
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
dr
With A = 2 ⋅ r ⋅ π ⋅ L L = length of the cylinder
All rights reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau G.m.b.H., Barsbüttel, Germany
r
0 ri ra This yields:
. dϑ
Q=−λ⋅2⋅r⋅π⋅L⋅ .
λ ra dr
.
ri Q By reorganising and integrating over the limits ri to
ra one obtains the flow of heat through a hollow
cylinder:
. 2⋅π⋅L
Q=λ⋅ ⋅ (ϑ1 − ϑ2) (4.9)
ra
ln
ri
di s
da
4 Theoretical Principles 14
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
5 Experiments
5 Experiments 15
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
°C 130
120 Insert 1
110
100
90
Heater
80
Cooler
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Measu-
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 mm
5 Experiments 16
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
5 Experiments 17
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
°C 130
120 Insert 2
110
100
90
Heater
Cooler
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1 2 3 7 8 9 Measu-
0 10 20 60 70 80 mm
5 Experiments 18
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
5 Experiments 19
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
°C 130
120 Insert 3
110
100
Heater
90
80
Cooler
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1 2 3 7 8 9 Measu-
0 10 20 60 70 80 mm
5 Experiments 20
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
5 Experiments 21
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
5 Experiments 22
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
°C 100
90
80
70
Cooler
Heater
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 Measu-
11/09
0 10 20 30 40 50 mm
5 Experiments 23
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
6 Appendix
in mm in°C
in K W
in
m⋅K
1 -
2 10
3 20
4 30
5 40
6 50
7 60
8 70
°C 130
120
110
100
90
Heater
Cooler
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Measure-
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 mm
6 Appendix 24
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
m⋅K
1 -
All rights reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau G.m.b.H., Barsbüttel, Germany
2 10
3 20
Contact Point 1 25
Contact Point 2 55
7 60
8 70
9 80
°C 130
120
110
100
90
Heater
Cooler
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1 2 3 7 8 9 Measuring
0 10 20 25 55 60 70 80 mm
6 Appendix 25
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
m⋅K
1 -
All rights reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau G.m.b.H., Barsbüttel, Germany
2 10
3 20
Contact Point 1 25
Contact Point 2 55
7 60
8 70
9 80
°C 130
120
110
100
90
Heater
Cooler
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1 2 3 7 8 9 Measuring
0 10 20 25 55 60 70 80 mm
6 Appendix 26
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
m⋅K
1 -
All rights reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau G.m.b.H., Barsbüttel, Germany
2 10
3 20
4 30
5 40
6 50
°C 100
90
80
70
60
Cooler
50
Heater
40
30
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 Measuring
0 10 20 30 40 50 mm
6 Appendix 27
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
Length: 345 mm
All rights reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau G.m.b.H., Barsbüttel, Germany
Mains Power:
Supply: 230V / 50Hz
Alternatives optional, see type plate
Fuse in the Control and
Display Unit: 4 A
Heater:
Power (radial): 125 Watt
Power (linear): 140 Watt
Temperature Sensors:
Type : Pt100
Measurement Range: 0 to 100 °C
Insert 1:
Material: Brass
Diameter: 25 mm
Length: 30 mm
Insert 2:
Material: Stainless Steel 1.4305
Diameter: 25 mm
Length: 30 mm
6 Appendix 28
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
Insert 3:
Material: Brass
Diameter: 15 mm
Length: 30 mm
6.3 Bibliography
Walter Wagner,
Wärmeübertragung,
Vogel Fachbuch / Kamprath-Reihe,
4th, revised edition, Wuerzburg 1993
11/09
All rights reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau G.m.b.H., Barsbüttel, Germany
6 Appendix 29
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
6.4 Index
A
Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 - 32
Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
B
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
C
Coefficent of Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Conduction Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Contact Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
11/09
Cooling Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Cooling Water Feed and Return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Cork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
D
Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Data Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Digital Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
E
Electrical Conductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Electrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Experimental Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 23
External Insulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
F
Flow of Electrons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Flow of Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Further Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
H
6 Appendix 30
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
Isothermic Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
K
All rights reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau G.m.b.H., Barsbüttel, Germany
Kinetic Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
L
Linear Conduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
M
Main Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Mains Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Measurement Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Measuring Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 6
Metal Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Molecular Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Molecule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
O
Overall Temperature Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
P
Paper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Potentiometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Power Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Power Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
R
Radial Conduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Rotary Knob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
S
Safety Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 10
Several Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Socket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Stainless Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Steady-State Thermal Conduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6 Appendix 31
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit
T
Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Temperature Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Temperature Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Temperature Drop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Temperature Measuring Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 4
Theoretical Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 14
Thermal Conduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Thermal Radiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Thin Metal Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Toggle Fastener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Transfer of Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
11/09
U
Unit Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
All rights reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau G.m.b.H., Barsbüttel, Germany
Unit Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 8
Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
W
Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Working Sheets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6 Appendix 32