Limit, Continity & Differentiability-QUESTION BANK

2023
RANK BOOSTER JEE MAINS & ADV. LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
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CHAPTER NAME
LIMIT, CONTINUITY & DIFFERENTIABILITY
Limits
Single Correct Answer Type
a 
( )
n
1. If an and bn are positive integers and an + 2bn = 2 + 2 , then lim  n  =
n → b
 n
A) 2 B) 2 C) e 2
D) e2
Key. A
( )
n
Sol. We have an + 2bn = 2 + 2
( )
n
 an − 2bn = 2 − 2
= ( 2 + 2 ) + ( 2 − 2 ) 
1 n n
Therefore an
2  
(
 2+ 2
) − ( 2 − 2 ) 
n n

And bn = 
2 2
 2+ 2
( ) + ( 2 − 2 ) 
n n

= 2
an
Therefore
 2+ 2
( ) − ( 2 − 2 ) 
n n
bn

  2− 2 
n
1 +   
  2+ 2 
= 2 
  2− 2 
n
1 −   
  2 + 2 

a   1+ 0   2− 2 
Hence lim  n  = 2    1 = 2
n → b
 n  1 − 0   2+ 2 
2. If f ( 0) = 0 and that ' f ' is differentiable at x = 0, and ‘k’ is a positive integer. Then
1  x  x  x 
lt  f ( x) +
x →0 x 
f +
 2
f   +−−−+
 3
f  
 k
 K
1
K
1
(A) K . f 1 ( 0) (B)   r . f 1 ( 0)
 r =1 
(C) r (D) does not exist
r =1
Key. B
  x
 f ( x) − f ( 0) f   − f ( 0)
2
Sol. l = lt  + +−−−
x→0  x−0 x−0

 x 
f   − f ( 0) 
 k 
−−−+ 
x−0 

 1 1 1
=  1 + + + − − − +  f 1 ( 0) .
 2 3 k
sin 2 x
 n 2 
3. Lt   r cos ec x  =
x →0  r =1 

1
A. 0 B.  C. n D.
n
Key. C
L = Ltx→0 (1cos ec n + 2cos ec n + ___ + ncos ec n )sin n
2 2 2 2
Sol.
1 − 2 − n − 1 cos ec− n −
Lt
x →0 (( )cos ec b + ( )cos ec n + ___( ) + 1)sin n .n
n n n
= (0 + 0 + 0 + ____ + 1)0 .n = n
3 4 5 n+2
4. For each positive integer n, let sn = + + + ..... + . Then lim sn
1.2.4 2.3.5 3.4.6 n ( n + 1)( n + 3) n →
equals
29 29 29
A) B) C) 0 D)
6 36 18
Key. B
k +2
Sol. Let uk =
k ( k + 1)( k + 3)
( k + 2)
2
=
k ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3)
k 2 + 4k + 4
=
k ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3)
k ( k + 1) + 3k + 4
=
k ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3)
1 3 4
= + +
( k + 2 )( k + 3) ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3) k ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3)
 1 1  3 1 1 
= − −  − 
 k + 2 k + 3  2  ( k + 2 )( k + 3) ( k + 1)( k + 2 ) 
4 1 1 
−  − 
3  ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3) k ( k + 1)( k + 2 ) 
Now, put k = 1, 2,3,...., n and add. Thus
su = u1 + u2 + ..... + un
1 1  3 1 1 
= − −  − 
 3 n + 3  2  ( n + 2 )( n + 3) 2.3 
4 1 1 
−  − 
3  ( n + 1)( n + 2 )( n + 3) 1.2.3 
1 3 4 29
Therefore lim sn = + + =
n → 3 12 18 36
a tan x − asin x
5. lim is equal to ( a  0 )
x →0 tan x − sin x
A) loge a B) 1 C) 0 D) 
Key. A
a tan x − asin x  a tan x −sin x − 1 
Sol. We have lim = lim asin x  
x →0 tan x − sin x x →0
 tan x − sin x 
 at − 1 
= lim ( a )  lim 
sin x
 (where t = tan x − sin x )
x →0 t →0
 t 
= a 0  log e a = log e a
(1 − sin x ) (8 x3 −  3 ) cos x
6. lim
( − 2 x )
4
x→
2
2 3 2 2 3 2
A) − B) C) D) −
16 16 16 16
Key. D
(1 − sin x ) (8 x3 −  3 ) cos x
Sol. Let f ( x) =
( − 2 x )
4
(1 − sin x ) cos x ( 2 x −  ) ( 4 x 2 + 2 x +  2 )
=
( 2x −  )
4
(1 − sin x ) cos x ( 4 x 2 + 2 x +  2 )
=
( 2x −  )
3
(1 − sin x ) cos x . 3 2
Therefore lim f ( x ) = lim ( )
( 2x −  )
3
x→ x→
2 2
(1 − sin x ) cos x . 3 2
lim f ( x ) = lim ( ) − − − − (1.62 )
( −  )
3
x→
2
x→
2
2 x
Put 2x −  = y so that y → 0 as x →  / 2 . Therefore now
   + y   + y 
1 − sin    cos  
(1 − sin x ) cos x =   2   2 
( 2x −  )
3
y3
 y  y
1 − cos  − sin 
=
2  2
3
y
 2 y  y
 2sin 4  sin 2 
= − 2  
 y  y 
  
2
 y  y
 sin 4  1  sin 2  1
= −2   . . .
 y / 4  16  y / 2  2
   
2
 y  y
sin   sin 
−1 
=  4
 
2
 − − − − (1.63)
16  y / 4   y / 2 
   
Therefore from Eqs. (1.62) and (1.63)
−3 2
lim f ( x ) =  1 1 .
x→ 16
2
7. Let f : R + → R + be a function satisfying the relation f ( x. f ( y ) ) = f ( xy ) + x for all x, y  R + .
 ( f ( x ) )1/3 − 1 
Then lim  =
 ( f ( x )) −1 
x →0  1/2

1 2 3
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
2 3 2
Key. C
Sol. Given relation is f ( x. f ( y ) ) = f ( xy ) + x (1.56)

Interchanging x and y in Eq. (1.56), we have
f ( y. f ( x ) ) = f ( yx ) + y (1.57)
Again replacing x with f ( x ) in Eq. (1.56) we get
f ( f ( x ) . f ( y ) ) = f ( y. f ( x ) ) + f ( x ) (1.58)
Therefore, Eqs. (1.56 ) − (1.58) imply
f ( f ( x ) . f ( y ) ) = f ( xy ) + y + f ( x ) (1.59)
Again interchanging x and y in Eq. (1.59), we have
f ( f ( y ) . f ( x ) ) = f ( yx ) + x + f ( y ) (1.60)
Equations (1.59) and (1.60) imply
f ( xy ) + y + f ( x ) = f ( yx ) + x + f ( y ) (1.61)
Suppose f ( x) − x = f ( y) − y = 
Substituting f ( x ) =  + x in Eq. (1.56), we have
x. f ( y ) +  = ( xy +  ) + x
 x. f ( y ) = xy + x
Therefore x ( y +  ) = xy + x  f ( y ) =  + y 
 x = x
  =1 ( x  0)
So f ( x) = x +  = x +1
( f ( x )) (1 + x ) − 1
1/3
−1
1/3
Hence lim = lim

( f ( x )) − 1 x→0 (1 + x ) − 1
x →0 1/2 1/2
 (1 + x )1/3 − 1   1+ x −1 
= lim   . 
x →0  1 + x − 1   (1 + x )1/2 − 1 
  
1/ 3 2
= =
1/ 2 3
4 + 3xn
8. Let x1 = 1 and xn +1 = for n  1. If lim xn exists finitely, then the limit is equal to
3 + 2 xn n →
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 2 +1

Key. A
4+3 7
Sol. We have x1 = 1, x2 = =
3+ 2 5
7
4 + 3 
4 + 3x2  5  = 41  x
x3 = =
3 + 2 x2  7  29
2
3 + 2 
5
We can easily verify that xn  xn+1 and hence  xn  is strictly increasing sequence of positive
terms. Let lim xn = l . Therefore
n →
l = lim xn +1
n →
 4 + 3xn 
= lim  
n → 3 + 2 x
 n 
4 + 3lim xn
= n →
3 + 2 lim xn
n →
4 + 3l
=
3 + 2l
Hence 3l + 2l = 4 + 3l
2
or l2 = 2 Þ l = 2 ( xn > 0 " n) .
9. Let f ( x ) = x3  
x 2 + x 4 + 1 − x 2 . Then lim f ( x ) is equal to
x →
1 1 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) does not exist
2 2 4 2 4 2
Key. B
Sol. We have f ( x ) =

x3 x 2 + x 4 + 1 − 2 x 2 
x2 + x4 + 1 + x 2
=
x3  x4 + 1 − x2 
x2 + x4 + 1 + x 2
x3 ( x 4 + 1 − x 4 )
=
 x2 + x4 + 1 + x 2   x4 + 1 + x2 
   
x3
=
 x2 + x4 + 1 + + x 2   x4 + 1 + x2 
   
1
=
 1  1 
 1 + 1 + 4 + 2   1 + 4 + 1
 x   x 
1
=
( 1+ 1 + 2 1 +1 )( )
1 1
= = .
2 2 ( 2) 4 2
1  −1
10. lim   [ . ] → denotes greatest integer function
x→ − x  x 
−1
3
1) -9 2) -12 3) -6 4) 0
Key. 3
1
Sol. x−
3
1 1  1
 −3  −  3  −  = 2
x x  3
1  1
lim  −  = (−3)(2) = −6
x→ − x  x 
1
3
11. lim ( x − log e (cosh x) ) =

x →
1) 1 2) 0 3) log e 2 4) 
Key. 3
 e x + e− x 
Sol. lim x − log e  
x →
 2 
 1 + e−2 x 
lim x − loge e x  
x →
 2 
 1 + e−2 x 
lim x − x − log e  
x →
 2 
1
lim − log e   = log e 2
x→
2
 min ( sin x, {x}) 

12. If  is a root of the equation sin x + 1 = x then lim   is
x →
 x − 1 
Where [ . ] → denotes greatest integer function
{x} → fractional part of x.
1) 1 2) 0 3) does not exist 4) -1
Key. 3
Sol. LHL :
 min(sin x, x − [ x] 
lim  
x → −
 ( x − 1) 
When 1  x  
{x} = x − 1  sin x
min{sin x, x − 1} = x − 1
 x − 1
Required limit = lim  =1 x → +
x → − x − 1 
 
sin x  x − 1
RHL :
 sin x  sin x
lim  =0 1
x → + x − 1  x −1
 
 sin x 
Hence LHL  RHL  x − 1  = 0
Limit does not exist
1 (−1)n + 2
13. If a1 is the greatest value of f ( x) where f ( x) = and an+1 = + an
2 + sin x  n +1
Then lim an = ______
n →
1) 0 2) e 3) 1 4) log e 2
Key. 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sol. a1 = 1, a2 = 1 − , a3 = 1 − + ..........an = 1 − + − + ...... + (−1) n −1.
2 2 3 2 3 4 n
lim an = log e 2
n →
 [sin x] − [cos x] + 1
14. lim 
x→ 2
 3  =
[ . ] → denotes greatest integer function
1) 0 2) 1 3) -1 4) does not exist
Key. 1
Sol. LHL = RHL = 0
1
 1 + 2 x  x2 x
1
15. lim 
x →0 1 + 3 x
 .e = ______
 
5
1) e 2
2) e2 3) 4) 1
Key. 1
1 1
2
(log(1+ 2 x ) − log(1+ 3 x ) +
x
Sol. lim e x
x →0
(log(1+ 2 x )−log(1+3 x )+ x
lim 5
=e
2
e x→0 x 2
n
 3
16. lim  cot −1  r 2 +  =
n →
r =1  4
 
1) tan −1 (2) 2) 3) 4) tan −1 (3)
4 2
Key. 1
 
 3   1 
cot −1  r 2 +  = tan −1 
3
Sol.
 4  r2 + 
 4
 
 1 
= tan −1  
 1+  r2 − 1  
  
4  
 
 
 1 
= tan −1  
 1 +  r + 1  r − 1  
   
2  
  2 
 1  1
 r + 2 −r − 2 
= tan −1     
 1+ r2 +  1  
   
  4  
 1  1
= tan −1  r +  − tan −1  r − 
 2  2
17. lim
x →
3
x ( 3
( x + 1)2 − 3 ( x − 1)2 = )
1 2 4
1) 2) 3) 1 4)
3 3 3
Key. 4
Sol.  
lim x1/3 ( x + 1)1/3 + ( x − 1)1/3 ( x + 1)1/3 − ( x − 1)1/3
x →

x1/3 ( x + 1)1/3 + ( x − 1)1/3  2
Rationalise lim
x →
( x + 1) 2/3
+ ( x 2 − 1)1/3 + ( x − 1) 2/3 
 1 1/3  1 1/3 

1 +  + 1 −   2
2/3
2.x
 x   x   2x2 4
lim = =
x →  1  2/3
 1
1/3
 1
2/3
 3 3
x 2/3 1 +  + 1 −  + 1 −  
 x   x  x 
n
 a −1 + b n 
1
18. If a  0, b  0 then lim   =

n →  a
 
1 1
1) b a 2) a b 3) a b 4) b a
Key. 1
1 b x −1
 a −1 + bx  Lt
1
= e x→0 xa
x
Sol. Let = x,  x → 0 as n →  then required limit Lt  
n x →0  a 
1
log eb  1a 
=e a
= b 
 
1 1 1
19. If Sn = + + ......... + then lim S n =
1.2.3.4 2.3.4.5 n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) n →
5 1 7 1
1) 2) 3) 4)
18 9 18 18
Key. 4
1
Sol. Sn = c −
(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3).3
1 1 1
n = 1  s1 = c − c= +
2.3.4.3 1.2.3.4 2.3.4.3
1  1
c= 1 + 
2.3.4  3 
1 1
= Now as n → , Sn → c =
18 18
x
 x2 + 5x + 3 
20. lim  2  =
x →
 x +x+2 
1) e2 2) e4 3) e3 4) e
Key. 2
x  4 x +1 
 x2 + 5x + 3  lim  x
Sol. lim  2  = e x→0 x 2 + x + 2 
= e4
x →
 x +x+2 
a 
( )
n
n → b
 n
A) 2 B) 2 C) e 2
D) e2
Key. A
( )
n
( )
n
 an − 2bn = 2 − 2
= ( 2 + 2 ) + ( 2 − 2 ) 
1 n n
Therefore an
2  
(
 2+ 2
) − ( 2 − 2 ) 
n n

And bn = 
2 2
 2+ 2
( ) + ( 2 − 2 ) 
n n

= 2
an
Therefore
 2+ 2
( ) − ( 2 − 2 ) 
n n
bn

  2− 2 
n
1 +   
  2+ 2 
= 2 
  2− 2
n

1 −   
  2 + 2 

a   1+ 0   2− 2 
Hence lim  n  = 2    1 = 2
n → b
 n  1 − 0   2+ 2 
1
n
(n !)
22. lim equals
n → n
a) e b) e −1
c) e-2 d) e2
Key. B
1
(n !) n
let P=
n
1
 (n !)  n
Sol. = n 
 n 
1 n r
log P=  log  
n r =1 n
(1 + x)1/ x − e
23. The value of lim is
x →0 x
e e
a) b) −
2 2
3e 2e
c) d) −
2 3
Key. B
1 1
log(1+ x )
(1 + x) = e x x
Sol.
x x 2 x3
(1− + − ......)
2 3 4
=e
−n
 1  n  1  
24. Lt 1 +  − 1 +   =
n →
 n   n  
1
1) 1 2) 3) 1 − e −1 4) 0
e −1
Key. 4
 1  n  1  
Sol. Lt 1 +  − 1 +   = e − 1  1
n →
 n   n  
 1 
25. Let f (x) =
tan x
x
, then log e  lim  f (x) + x
 x → 0
2  f (x)

( )
 is equal, (where [] denotes greatest
integer function and {} fractional part)

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Key. C
 tan x 
Sol. lim f ( x )  = lim  =1
x →0 x →0  x  
1 1
( )
lim  f (x)  + x f (x) = lim 1 + x 2 f (x) 1 form
x →0
2
x →0
( ) ( )
x3 2 5
x+ + x +. . .
tan x 3 15
Again, f(x) = =
x x
x2 2 4
= 1+ + x +. . .
3 15
x2 2 4
 f (x) = + x +. . .
3 15
(i) becomes,
x2
lim
 lim x 2 
1  x →0 2
x 2 4
+ x + ...
log e  e
x →0  f (x)  =e 3 15 =3
 
 
 (C) is the correct answer.
( )
1
+ ( sec x ) x =
x
26. Let x  0 then Lt tan x
x →0
1
(A) 1/ e (B)1 (C) (D) 2
e2
Key. D
( ) + Lt + ( cos x )
x −1/ x
Sol. Lt + tan x
x →0 x →0
log e ( )
tan x  −  0
= e = 1 , Lt + ( cos x )
−1/ x
= 1 as 0  cos x  1
Lt +  
x →0 1    x →0
e x
sin cos x 
27. lim , ([x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to)
x →0 1 + cos x 
(A) sin 1 (B) 0
sin1
(C) Does not exist (D)
2
Key. B
sin  cos h 
Sol. LHL = lim f ( 0 − h ) = lim
x →0 − h →0 1 + cos h 
sin ( 0 )  h0 
= =0  
1+ 0  cos h  1
RHL = lim f ( x ) = lim f ( 0 + h )
x →0+ h →0
sin cos h 
= lim
h →0 1 + cos h 
sin ( 0 )  h0 
= =0  
1+ 0  cos h  1
sin cos x 
 lim =0
x →0 1 + cos x 
28  x 
a tan  
. If lim  2 −   2 a  = e, then ' a ' is equal to
a
x →a 
 x

−  −2
A) − B) C) D)
2 2 
Key. B
Sol.
29. −x
 x 
If f ( x ) =   then
 x +2
A) lim f ( x ) = e2 B) lim f ( x ) = 0
x →− x →−
C) lim f ( x ) =
1
D) lim f ( x ) = e2
x →1 x →
3
Key. D
Sol.
30. The value of lim

( )
cos sin 2 x − cos x 2
is
( )
x →0 x6
(A) 0 (B) 1/2
(C) 1/3 (D) 3/4
Key. C
Sol. lim
( )
cos sin 2 x − cos x 2 ( )
x →0 x6
 sin 2 x + x 2   x 2 − sin 2 x
2 sin  . sin  
= lim
 2   2 
x →0 6
x
 3 5

2
   3 5

2

x− x
+
x
+ ..... + x 2   x −x−
2 x
+
x
+ ...... 
  3! 5!    
 3 ! 5 !  

2 sin  . sin  
 2   2 
   
= lim
   
x →0 x6
 2 2x 4 
 2x − .... 
 sin  x ......
4
2 sin  6
 2   6 

 
= lim
 
x →0 4
x
x 2  6.
6
 x 4

2 sin  x 2 − .....
= lim
 6 .1 = 1
x →0 2
x 6 3
sin −1 x − tan −1 x
31. lim is equal to
x →0 x3
1 1
(A) (B)
6 2
1
(C) 2 (D) −
2
Key. B
sin −1 x − tan −1 x  1 1  1
Sol. p = lim = lim  − 2 
. 2
 1 − x 1 + x  3x
x →0 3 →
x x 0 2
1 1 + x2 − 1 − x2 1 1 (1 + x 2 ) 2 − (1 − x 2 ) 1 1
= lim 2
. = lim 2
. .
3 x → 0 x 1 − x (1 + x )
2 2 3 x → 0 x 1+ x + 1− x
2 2
1 − x (1 + x 2 )
2
1 1 1 1
= .3. . =
3 21 2
( 2sin x ) ; n  I ,then which of the following is not true?
2n
32. Let f ( x ) = lim n

3 − ( 2 cos x )
n → 2n
 
(A) at x = n  , f(x) is discontinuous (B) f   = 1
6 3

(C) f(0) = 0 (D) f   = 1
2
Key. D
(ln x − 3) n
33. If lim3 = –1 (n, mN) then n/m is equal to
x →e ln((cos (ln x − 3)))
m
(A) 3 (B) 4
(C) 9 (D) 1
Key. D
Sol. Let ln x – 3 = t
tn 0 
 lim  form  = –1
t →0 ln(cos t)  0
m

nt n −1
 lim = –1
t →0 −m tan t
n
 n – 1 = 1 & − = −1  n = m = 2.
m
34. Lt
( ) ( )
tan  − 2  x 2 − x 2 tan  − 2 
where . denote g.i.f
x →0 sin 2 x
a) tan10 + 10 b) tan10 − 10 c) 10 − tan10 d) none of these
Key. B
Sol.  = 3.14, then  − 2  = −10
Lt
( ) ( )
tan  − 2  x 2 − tan  − 2  x 2
dilute by x 2 we get
x →0 2
sin x
− tan10 x 2
2
+ tan10
Lt x = tan10 − 10
x →0 sin 2 x
x2
  1 
35. Lim x 2 1 + 2 + 3 + ......    is equal to, where [.] is greatest integer function
x →0
 | x |  
(A) 1 (B) 3/2 (C) 1/2 (D) 2

Key. C
  1 
Sol. x 2 1 + 2 + 3 + .....   
 | x |  
  1 
x 2 1 +   
 | x |    1 
| x | 
2  
Now using the property that
1  1  1
−1    
| x| | x |  | x |
we get
  1 
x 2 1 +   
| x |    1 
| x | 
1 1
   (1+ | x |)
2 2 | x |  2
1
Now applying sandwich theorem the required limit is
2
36. If ‘f’ be a bounded, differentiable and increasing function then lim  f (sin x.tan x) − f ( x 2 )  ,
x →0
where [.] is greatest integer function is equal to

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) –1 (D) does not exists
Key. B
Sol. since sin x . tan x > x2  x  (0, /2)
so, f(sin x . tanx ) > f(x2)
hence required limit is 0.
37. If Lt
( ( a − n ) nx − tan x ) sin nx = 0 where n is a non zero real number then a is equal to
x →0 x2
n +1 1
a) 0 b) c) n d) n +
n n
Key: D
 tan x  sin nx
Hint Lt  ( a − n ) n −  =0
x →0
 x  x
 ( ( a − n ) n − 1) n = 0
1
a =n+
n
( )
1
+ ( sec x ) x =
x
38. Let x  0 then Lt tan x
x →0
1
(A) 1/ e (B)1 (C) (D) 2
e2
Key: D
( ) + Lt + ( cos x )
x −1/ x
Hint: Lt + tan x
x →0 x →0
log e ( )
tan x  −  0
= e = 1 , Lt + ( cos x )
−1/ x
= 1 as 0  cos x  1
Lt +  
x →0 1    x →0
e x
 x n − sin ( x n )
 Lt n , if x  0, x  1
39. Let f ( x ) = n→ x + sin ( x n ) . Then, at x = 1,

 1 , if x =1
A) f is continuous
B) f has removable discontinuity (i.e., Lt f ( x ) exists, but this limit is different from f(1) )
x →1
C) f has finite (jump) discontinuity (i.e., f (1+) and f (1-) both exist finitely, but they are
different)
1 
D) f has infinite or oscillatory discontinuity (for eg like sin at x = 0 and tan x at x = )
x 2
Key: C
Hint: 0  x  1  x → 0 as n →   f ( x ) = 0 and x  1  x → + as n →   f ( x ) = 1
n n
 f has a jump (finite) discontinuity at x = 1

−n
 1  n  1  
40. Lt 1 +  − 1 +   =
n →
 n   n  
1
A) 1 B) C) 1 − e −1 D) 0
e −1
Ans: D
 1  n  1  
Hint: Lt 1 +  − 1 +   = e − 1  1
n →
 n   n  
 1 
41. Let f (x) =
tan x
x
, then log e  lim  f (x) + x
 x →0
(
2  f (x)
)
 is equal, (where [] denotes greatest

integer
function and {} fractional part)
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Key: C
 tan x 
Hint: lim f ( x )  = lim  =1
x →0 x →0  x  
1 1
( ) (
lim  f (x)  + x 2 f (x) = lim 1 + x 2 f (x) 1 form
x →0 x →0
) ( )
x3 2 5
x+ + x +. . .
tan x 3 15
Again, f(x) = =
x x
x2 2 4
= 1+ + x +. . .
3 15
x2 2 4
 f (x) = + x +. . .
3 15
(i) becomes,
x2
lim
 lim x 2 
1  x →0 2
x 2 4
+ x + ...
log e  e
x →0  
f (x)
=e 3 15 =3
 
 
 (C) is the correct answer.
 −1  x +   
 − 4  = 1 then ordered pair(s) (  ,  ) can be
Lim
x → 
42. If x tan 
 x+   
(A) (2000,2011) (B) (0,1)
(C) (5,3) (D) (1,0)
Key: C
−1  x +   
tan  −
Lim  x +   4
Hint: =1
x →ki 1
x
Apply L’ hospital rule and simplifying we get
( −  ) x
2
Lim
=1
x →
2x + 2x (  +  ) +  + 
2 2
(
2
)
−
 =1
2
− =2
 (  ,  ) can be (5,3)
p(x)
 ; x2
43. Consider the function f ( x ) =  x − 2 where P(x) is a polynomial such that p ''' ( x ) is
 7 ; x=2

identically equal to 0 and p ( 3) = 9. If f(x) is continuous at x = 2, then p(x) is
2 2 2
(A) 2x + x + 6 (B) 2x − x − 6 (C) x +3
2
(D) x − x + 7
Key: B
Hint: Since P"' ( x ) = 0

2
Let p ( x ) = ax + bx + c
p ( 2) = 0
4a + 2b + c = 0 ……..(1)
9a + 3b + c = 9 ………(2)
p ' ( 2) = 7
 4a + b = 7
Solve 1,2 and 3 to get a,b,c
1
n
(n !)
44. lim equals
n → n
a) e b) e −1 c) e-2 d) e2
KEY : B
1
(n !) n
let P=
n
1
 (n !)  n
Sol. = n 
 n 
1 n r
log P=  log  
n r =1 n
  1 
45. Lim x 2 1 + 2 + 3 + ......    is equal to, where [.] is greatest integer function
x →0
 | x |  
(A) 1 (B) 3/2
(C) 1/2 (D) 2
Key. C
  1 
Sol. x 2 1 + 2 + 3 + .....   
 | x |  
  1 
x 2 1 +   
 | x |    1 
| x | 
2  
Now using the property that
1  1  1
−1    
| x| | x |  | x |
we get
  1 
x 2 1 +   
| x |    1  1
| x | 
1
   (1+ | x |)
2 2 | x |  2
1
Now applying sandwich theorem the required limit is
2
46. If ‘f’ be a bounded, differentiable and increasing function then lim  f (sin x.tan x) − f ( x 2 )  ,
x →0
where [.] is greatest integer function is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 0
(C) –1 (D) does not exists
Key. B
Sol. since sin x . tan x > x2  x  (0, /2)
so, f(sin x . tanx ) > f(x2)
hence required limit is 0.
sin cos x 
47. lim , ([x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to)
x →0 1 + cos x 
(A) sin 1 (B) 0
sin1
(C) Does not exist (D)
2
Key. B
sin  cos h 
Sol. LHL = lim f ( 0 − h ) = lim
x →0 − h →0 1 + cos h 
sin ( 0 )  h0 
= =0  
1+ 0  cos h  1
RHL = lim f ( x ) = lim f ( 0 + h )
x →0+ h →0
sin cos h 
= lim
h →0 1 + cos h 
sin ( 0 )  h0 
= =0  
1+ 0  cos h  1
sin cos x 
 lim =0
x →0 1 + cos x 
 1 
48. Lt  2 − cos ec 2 x  =
x
x →0

1 2 −1 −2
a) b) c) d)
3 3 3 3
Key. C
Sol. Apply, L-H rule
a 
( )
n
n → b
 n
A) 2 B) 2 C) e 2
D) e2
Key. B
( )
n
( )
n
 an − 2bn = 2 − 2
= ( 2 + 2 ) + ( 2 − 2 ) 
1 n n
Therefore an
2  
( ) ( ) 
 2+ 2 − 2− 2  n n
And bn =
2 2
(
 2+ 2 n + 2− 2 n
 ) (
 )
= 2
an
Therefore
(
 2+ 2 − 2− 2 
) ( )
n n
bn
 
  2− 2   n
1 +   
  2 + 2  
= 2
  2 − 2 n 
1 −   
  2 + 2  
a   1+ 0   2 − 2 
Hence lim  n  = 2     1  = 2
n → b
 n  1 − 0   2 + 2 
cos ( sin x ) − cos x

50. The value of lim f ( x ) where f ( x ) = , is
x →0 x4
(A) 2 (B) 1/ 6 (C) 2 / 3 (D) −1/ 3
Key. B
Sol. lim f ( x ) = lim
x →0 x →0 x4
sin x + x sin x − x
−2sin sin
= lim 2 2
x →0 4
x
 sin x +x  sin x − x 
sin   sin   sin x + x sin x − x
1
= − lim  2   2  
2 x → 0  sin x + x   sin x − x  x x3
   
 2   2 
1 sin u sin v  sin x 
= − lim lim lim  + 1
2 u → 0 u v → 0 v x → 0
 x 
3 5
x x
− + + ....
 sin x + x sin x − x 
 3! 5! u = ,v = 
 
3
x 2 2
1 −1 1
= −  1 1 2  = .
2 3! 6
51. lim
x + 2 x + 3x + .... + nx =
n → n2
[Where  x = x −  x  denotes the fractional part of x]
1
A) 1 B) 0 C) D) None of these
2
Key. B
Sol. 0  nx  1, for n = 1,2,3,......, n
n
n
0  nx 1
 0   nx  n  2  n =1
2

n =1 n n n
n n
0  nx 1 nx
 Lt 2  Lt n =1
2
 Lt  0  Lt n =1
0
x → n n → n n→ n n → n2
 Lt
 x + 2 x + ... + nx = 0
n → n2

 1 
sin x

52. For x > 0; lim ( sin x ) +    is __________
1/ x
x →0 
 x  
(1) 0 (2) −1 (3) 1 (4) 2
Key. 3
 1 
Sol. Lt ( sin x ) = 0  0  sin x  1; → 
1/2
x →0
 x 
And log y = sin x.log x

53. lim = ____
x →0 x4
1 1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
5 6 4 2
Key. 2
 x + sin x   x − sin x 
2sin   sin x + x 2sin  
 2    2  . Lt 1 x − sin x
Sol. Lt
sin x + x   . Lt
x − sin x
( )
x →0
 2  x →0 x →0 2
2 2
 sin x + x  1   
3 5
x x
Lt   .  x −  x − + + .... 
 2x  2 
4
x →0 13 15 
 7 29 133 5n + 2 n 
54. lim  + + + . . . +  = _____
x →0 10 102 103 10n 
3 5 1
(1) (2) 2 (3) (4)
4 4 2
Key. 3
5 + 2 52 + 22 5w + 2 w
Sol. + + ..... +
10 102 10n
(use G.P; s )
729 x − 243x − 81x + 9 x + 3x − 1
= K ( log 3)  K = _______
3
55. limx →0 x 3
(1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 7

Key. 3
( 3x − 1) ( 9 x − 1)  27 x − 1 
Sol. Lt  
x →0 x x  x 
2x
 a b 
1 + + 2  = e then ____
2
56. lim
x →  x x 
(1) a  R; b  R (2) a = 1; b  R (3) a  R; b = 2 (4) a = 1; b = 2
Key. 2
g ( x) Lt g ( x ) f ( x ) −1
Sol. Lt f ( x ) is of form 1  e x→0
  n sin    n tan   
57. lim  +  = _____ where [x] is greatest integer  x and n  I

→0       
(1) 2n (2) 2n + 1 (3) 2n – 1 (4) 0
Key. 3
sin 
Sol. → 1 as  → 0 but < 1

-2 2
-ve + ve -ve
3 3
−
2 2
 Tan  Tan
 n   = n → 1 as  → 0 but > 1


 x x x 

58. If f ( x ) = Lt  + + + .....  to n terms; then range of f(x) is
n → x + 1

 ( x + 1)( 2 x + 1) ( 2 x + 1)( 3x + 1) 

_____
(1)  0, 1 (2)  −1, 1 (3) 0, 1 (4) −1, 0, 1
Key. 3
1
Sol. 1 − Lt nx =  for x  0
1 + nx
Lt nx = − for x  0
Lt nx = 0 for x = 0
Lt S w = 1; 0
n →
1/ x
  
59. lim Tan  + x   = ____
x →0
 4 
(1) 1 (2) −1 (3) e2 (4) e
Key. 3
Lt g ( x )( f ( x ) −1)
Sol. 1 form  e x→0
 x +1 x 
60. lim x Tan−1 − Tan −1  = ____
x →
 x+2 x + 2
1 1
(1) 1 (2) −1 (3) (4) −
2 2
Key. 3
x− y
Sol. Tan−1 x − Tan−1 y = Tan−1
1 − xy
 −1 x+2 
 Tan 2 x 2 + 5 x + 4   x+2 
Lt x    
x →
 x+2   2 x + 5x + 4 
2
 2 x2 + 5x + 4 
a n + bn
61. If 0 < b < a then lim =
n → a n − b n
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) –1 (4) none of these

Key. 2
n
b b
0   1;   → 0
Sol. a a as n → 
 1  1  1 
62. If a1 = 1 and an = n (1 + an −1 ) n  2, then lim 1 + 1 +  ...... 1 + n  =
n →
 a1  a2   a 
1
2 2
(1) e (2) log e (3) e (4) log 2 e
Key. 1
 a + 1  a + 1   a +1 
Lt  1  2  .......  n 
n →
Sol.  a1  a 2   an 
 a  a  a   a  1
Lt  2   3   4  ...  n +1 
n →
 2   3   4   n + 1  a1a 2 ....a n
a n +1 1+ an 1 a 
Lt (n + 1)! = nLt
→
= Lt  + n 
n! n →  n! n! 
= n →
1 1 a n −1 
Lt  + + 
= n →  n! (n − 1)! (n − 1)!  = e
 ( cos x − 1) ( cos x − e x ) 
63. The integer n for which lim   is a finite non zero number is
x →0  xn 
 
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
 100x   99sin x  
lim   + 
Key. 3
x →0
  sin x   x  
Sol. Conceptual
64. The value of where [.] represents greatest integral function, is

(1) 199 (2) 198 (3) 0 (4) none of these
Key. 2
sin x x
lim → I− lim → I+
x →0 x x → 0 sin x
Sol. We know that and
 x   sin x 
lim 100  + lim 99  = 100 + 98 = 198
So,
x →0
 sin x  x →0
 x
k k
− k
If  cos r = for any k  1 where r  0 r and A =  (r ) . Then
65.
1 r
2
r =1 r =1
(1 + x 2 )1/3 − (1 − 2 x)1/4
lim =
x→ A x+x 2
1 
A) B) 0 C) 3/2 D)
2 2
Key. A
 
Sol. Given cos−1 1 + cos−1 2 + ... + cos−1 k = k We know that cos−1 x  r  0
2 2
k
 k
 cos−1 r  r = 1, 2,3...., k
2
  cos−1 r  2
r =1
So the given equality holds only if

cos−1 1 = cos−1 2 = .... = cos−1 k =
2
 1 = 2 = .... = k = 0
k
Thus A =  (r )r = 0
r =1
(1 + x 2 )1/3 − (1 − 2 x)1/4
Rrequired limit = lim
x →0 x + x2
(1 + x 2 )−2/3 (2 x) − (1 − 2 x)3/4 ( −2)
1 1
= lim 3 4 (L’ Hospital Rule)
x →0 1 + 2x
1
=
2
66. If [x] and {x} represent integral and fractional parts of x respectively and a is any real number,
e{x} − {x} − 1
then lim =
x →[a ] {x}2
1
A) a B) {a} C) D) Does not exist
2
Key. D
e{x} − {x} − 1
Sol. Let P = lim =
x →[a] {x}2
Put x = [a ] + h , h  0
e{[a ]+ h} − {[a] + h} − 1
Then P = lim
h →0 {[a] + h}2
eh − h − 1
P = lim
h →0 h2
eh − 1 1
lim = [Using L Hospital Rule]
h →0 2 h 2
Next put x = [a ] − h, h  0
e{[a ]− h} − {[a] − h} − 1
then P = lim
h →0 {[a] − h}2
e1− h − (1 − h) − 1 e1− h + h − 2
= lim = lim =e−2
h→0 (1 − h)2 h→0 (1 − h)2
 Limit does not exist
67. Let f : R + → R + be a function satisfying the relation f ( x. f ( y ) ) = f ( xy ) + x for all x, y  R + .
 ( f ( x ) )1/3 − 1 
Then lim  =
 ( f ( x )) −1 
x →0  1/2

1 2 3
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
2 3 2
Key. C
Sol. Given relation is f ( x. f ( y ) ) = f ( xy ) + x (1.56)
Interchanging x and y in Eq. (1.56), we have
f ( y. f ( x ) ) = f ( yx ) + y (1.57)
Again replacing x with f ( x ) in Eq. (1.56) we get
f ( f ( x ) . f ( y ) ) = f ( y. f ( x ) ) + f ( x ) (1.58)
Therefore, Eqs. (1.56 ) − (1.58) imply
f ( f ( x ) . f ( y ) ) = f ( xy ) + y + f ( x ) (1.59)
Again interchanging x and y in Eq. (1.59), we have
f ( f ( y ) . f ( x ) ) = f ( yx ) + x + f ( y ) (1.60)
Equations (1.59) and (1.60) imply
f ( xy ) + y + f ( x ) = f ( yx ) + x + f ( y ) (1.61)
Suppose f ( x) − x = f ( y) − y = 
Substituting f ( x ) =  + x in Eq. (1.56), we have
x. f ( y ) +  = ( xy +  ) + x
 x. f ( y ) = xy + x
Therefore x ( y +  ) = xy + x  f ( y ) =  + y 
 x = x
  =1 ( x  0)
So f ( x) = x +  = x +1
( f ( x )) (1 + x ) − 1
1/3
−1
1/3
Hence lim = lim

( f ( x )) − 1 x→0 (1 + x ) − 1
x →0 1/2 1/2
 (1 + x )1/3 − 1   1 + x − 1 
= lim   . 
x →0  1 + x − 1   (1 + x )1/2 − 1 
  
1/ 3 2
= =
1/ 2 3
68. The value of lim f ( x ) where f ( x ) = , is
x →0 x4
(A) 2 (B) 1/ 6 (C) 2 / 3 (D) −1/ 3
Key. B
Sol. lim f ( x ) = lim
x →0 x →0 x4
−2sin sin
= lim 2 2
x →0 4
x
 sin x + x   sin x − x 
sin   sin   sin x + x sin x − x
1
= − lim  2   2  
2 x → 0  sin x + x   sin x − x  x x3
   
 2   2 
1 sin u sin v  sin x 
= − lim lim lim  + 1
2 u →0 u v →0 v x →0  x 
3 5
x x
− + + ....
 sin x + x sin x − x 
 3! 5! u = ,v = 
 
3
x 2 2
1 −1 1
= −  1 1 2  = .
2 3! 6
4 + 3xn
69. Let x1 = 1 and xn +1 = for n  1. If lim xn exists finitely, then the limit is equal to
3 + 2 xn n →
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 2 +1

Key. A
4+3 7
Sol. We have x1 = 1, x2 = =
3+ 2 5
7
4 + 3 
4 + 3x2  5  = 41  x
x3 = =
3 + 2 x2  7  29
2
3 + 2 
5
We can easily verify that xn  xn+1 and hence  xn  is strictly increasing sequence of positive
terms. Let lim xn = l . Therefore
n →
l = lim xn +1
n →
 4 + 3xn 
= lim  
n → 3 + 2 x
 n 
4 + 3lim xn
= n →
3 + 2 lim xn
n →
4 + 3l
=
3 + 2l
Hence 3l + 2l = 4 + 3l
2
or l2 = 2 Þ l = 2 ( xn > 0 " n) .
70. Let f ( x ) = x3  
x 2 + x 4 + 1 − x 2 . Then lim f ( x ) is equal to
x →
1 1 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) does not exist
2 2 4 2 4 2
Key. B
Sol. We have f ( x ) =

x3 x 2 + x 4 + 1 − 2 x 2 
x2 + x4 + 1 + x 2
=
x3  x4 + 1 − x2 
x2 + x4 + 1 + x 2
x3 ( x 4 + 1 − x 4 )
=
 x2 + x4 + 1 + x 2   x4 + 1 + x2 
   
x3
=
 x2 + x4 + 1 + + x 2   x4 + 1 + x2 
   
1
=
 1  1 
 1 + 1 + 4 + 2   1 + 4 + 1
 x   x 
1
=
( 1+ 1 + 2 1 +1 )( )
1 1
= = .
2 2 ( 2) 4 2
a 
( )
n
n → b
 n
A) 2 B) 2 C) e 2
D) e2
Key. B
( )
n
( )
n
 an − 2bn = 2 − 2
1
( 2+ 2 + 2− 2 ) ( )
n n
Therefore an =
2  
( ) (
 2+ 2 n − 2− 2 n
 )
And bn = 
2 2
( ) (
 2+ 2 n + 2− 2 n
 )

= 2
an
Therefore
( ) (
 2+ 2 − 2− 2 
)
n n
bn
 
  2 − 2 n 
1 +   
  2 + 2  
= 2
  2 − 2 n 
1 −   
  2 + 2  
a   1+ 0   2 − 2 
Hence lim  n  = 2   
  1 = 2
n → b
 n  1− 0   2 + 2 
( ( a − n ) nx − tan x ) sin n x = 0 , where n  R ~ 0 , then a is equal to
72. If lim 
x →0 x2
n 1
A) 0 B) C) n D) n +
n +1 n
Key. D
Sol. The given limit can be written as
 sin n x   tan x 
lim   ( n)  ( a − n) n − =0
x →0
 nx   x 
 (1)( n ) ( ( a − n ) n − 1) = 0
 ( a − n ) n − 1 = 0  a = n + 1/ n
3 4 5 n+2
73. For each positive integer n, let sn = + + + ..... + . Then lim sn
1.2.4 2.3.5 3.4.6 n ( n + 1)( n + 3) n →
equals
29 29 29
A) B) C) 0 D)
6 36 18
Key. B
k +2
Sol. Let uk =
k ( k + 1)( k + 3)
( k + 2)
2
=
k ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3)
k 2 + 4k + 4
=
k ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3)
k ( k + 1) + 3k + 4
=
k ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3)
1 3 4
= + +
( k + 2 )( k + 3) ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3) k ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3)
 1 1  3 1 1 
= − −  − 
 k + 2 k + 3  2  ( k + 2 )( k + 3) ( k + 1)( k + 2 ) 
4 1 1 
−  − 
3  ( k + 1)( k + 2 )( k + 3) k ( k + 1)( k + 2 ) 
Now, put k = 1, 2,3,...., n and add. Thus
su = u1 + u2 + ..... + un
1 1  3 1 1 
= − −  − 
 3 n + 3  2  ( n + 2 )( n + 3) 2.3 
4 1 1 
−  − 
3  ( n + 1)( n + 2 )( n + 3) 1.2.3 
1 3 4 29
Therefore lim sn = + + =
n → 3 12 18 36
a −a
tan x sin x
74. lim is equal to ( a  0 )
x →0 tan x − sin x
A) loge a B) 1 C) 0 D) 
Key. A
sin x  a −1 
tan x −sin x
a tan x − asin x
Sol. We have lim = lim a  
x →0 tan x − sin x x →0
 tan x − sin x 
 at − 1 
= lim ( asin x )  lim   (where t = tan x − sin x )
x →0 t →0
 t 
= a 0  log e a = log e a
(1 − sin x ) (8 x3 −  3 ) cos x
75. lim
( − 2 x )
4
x→
2
2 3 2 2 3 2
A) − B) C) D) −
16 16 16 16
Key. D
(1 − sin x ) (8 x3 −  3 ) cos x
Sol. Let f ( x) =
( − 2 x )
4
(1 − sin x ) cos x ( 2 x −  ) ( 4 x 2 + 2 x +  2 )
=
( 2x −  )
4
(1 − sin x ) cos x ( 4 x 2 + 2 x +  2 )
=
( 2x −  )
3
(1 − sin x ) cos x . 3 2
Therefore lim f ( x ) = lim ( )
( 2x −  )
3
x→ x→
2 2
(1 − sin x ) cos x . 3 2
lim f ( x ) = lim ( ) − − − − (1.62 )
( 2x −  )
3
x→ x→
2 2
Put 2x −  = y so that y → 0 as x →  / 2 . Therefore now
   + y   + y 
1 − sin    cos  
(1 − sin x ) cos x =   2   2 
( 2x −  )
3
y3
 y  y
1 − cos  − sin 
=
2  2
3
y
 2 y  y
 2sin 4  sin 2 
= − 2  
 y  y 
  
2
 y  y
 sin 4  1  sin 2  1
= −2   . . .
 y / 4  16  y / 2  2
   
2
 y  y
sin   sin 
−1 
=  4
 
2
 − − − − (1.63)
16  y / 4   y / 2 
   
Therefore from Eqs. (1.62) and (1.63)
−3 2
lim f ( x ) =  1 1 .
x→ 16
2
1 (−1)n + 2
76. If a1 is the greatest value of f ( x) where f ( x) = and an+1 = + an
2 + sin x  n +1
Then lim an = ______
n →
1) 0 2) e 3) 1 4) log e 2
Key. 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sol. a1 = 1, a2 = 1 − , a3 = 1 − + ..........an = 1 − + − + ...... + (−1) n −1.
2 2 3 2 3 4 n
lim an = log e 2
n →
 [sin x] − [cos x] + 1
77. lim 
x→ 2
 3  =
[ . ] → denotes greatest integer function
1) 0 2) 1 3) -1 4) does not exist
Key. 1
Sol. LHL = RHL = 0
1
 1 + 2 x  x2 x
1
78. lim 
x →0 1 + 3 x
 .e = ______
 
5
1) e 2
2) e2 3) 4) 1
Key. 1
1 1
(log(1+ 2 x ) − log(1+ 3 x ) +
x2 x
Sol. lim e
x →0
(log(1+ 2 x )−log(1+3 x )+ x
lim 5
e x→0 x2
=e 2
n
 3
79. lim  cot −1  r 2 +  =
n →
r =1  4
 
1) tan −1 (2) 2) 3) 4) tan −1 (3)
4 2
Key. 1
 
 2 3
−1 −1
 1 
cot  r +  = tan 
3
Sol.
 4  r2 + 
 4
 
 1 
= tan −1  
 1+  r2 − 1  
  
4  
 
 
 1 
= tan −1  
 1 +  r + 1  r − 1  
   
2  
  2 
 1  1
 r + 2 −r − 2 
= tan −1     
 1+  r2 + 1  
  
  4  
 1  1
= tan −1  r +  − tan −1  r − 
 2  2
80. lim
x →
3
x ( 3
( x + 1)2 − 3 ( x − 1)2 =)
1 2 4
1) 2) 3) 1 4)
3 3 3
Key. 4
Sol.  
lim x1/3 ( x + 1)1/3 + ( x − 1)1/3 ( x + 1)1/3 − ( x − 1)1/3
x →

x1/3 ( x + 1)1/3 + ( x − 1)1/3  2
Rationalise lim
x →
( x + 1) 2/3
+ ( x 2 − 1)1/3 + ( x − 1) 2/3 
 1 1/3  1 1/3 
1 +  + 1 −   2
2/3
2.x
 x   x   2x2 4
lim = =
x →  1  2/3
 1  1
1/3 2/3
 3 3
x 2/3 1 +  + 1 −  + 1 −  
 x   x  x 
n
 a −1 + b n 
1
81. If a  0, b  0 then lim   =

n →  a
 
1 1
1) b a
2) a b
3) a b 4) b a
Key. 1
1 b x −1
 a −1 + b x Lt
1
=e xa
x
Sol. Let = x,  x → 0 as n →  then required limit Lt  
x→0
n x →0  a 
1
log eb  1a 
=e a
= b 
 
1 1 1
82. If Sn = + + ......... + then lim S n =
1.2.3.4 2.3.4.5 n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) n →
5 1 7 1
1) 2) 3) 4)
18 9 18 18
Key. 4
1
Sol. Sn = c −
(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3).3
1 1 1
n = 1  s1 = c − c= +
2.3.4.3 1.2.3.4 2.3.4.3
1  1
c= 1 + 
2.3.4  3 
1 1
= Now as n → , Sn → c =
18 18
x
 x2 + 5x + 3 
83. lim  2  =
x →
 x +x+2 
1) e2 2) e4 3) e3 4) e
Key. 2
x  4 x +1 
 x2 + 5x + 3  lim  x
Sol. lim  2  = e x→0 x 2 + x + 2 
= e4
x →
 x +x+2 
1  −1
84. lim [ . ] → denotes greatest integer function
−1
x→ − x  x 
3
1) -9 2) -12 3) -6 4) 0
Key. 3
1
Sol. x−
3
1 1  1
 −3  −  3  −  = 2
x x  3
1  1
lim  −  = (−3)(2) = −6
x→ − x  x 
1
3
85. lim ( x − log e (cosh x) ) =

x →
1) 1 2) 0 3) log e 2 4) 
Key. 3
 e x + e− x 
Sol. lim x − log e  
x →
 2 
 1 + e−2 x 
lim x − loge e x  
x →
 2 
 1 + e−2 x 
lim x − x − log e  
x →
 2 
1
lim − log e   = log e 2
x→
2
   −3
2
86. If f(x) = 0 be a quadratic equation such that f ( − ) = f ( ) = 0 and f   = then
2 4,
f ( x)
lim is equal to
x →− sin ( sin x )
a) 0 b)  c) +2 d) None
Key. C
Sol. From given data f ( x ) = x 2 −  2
x2 −  2
lim = 2 .
x →− − sin ( sin x )
−2h + h 2
lim = 2 .
h → o − sin ( sinh )
87. If the normal to the curve y = f(x) at x = 0 be given by

 
−1
the equation 3x – y + 1 = 0 then the value of lim x 2 f (x 2 ) − 5f (4x 2 ) + 4f (7x 2 ) is
x →0
1 2
(A) (B)
3 3
2 1
(C) − (D) −
3 3
Key. D
1
Sol. Slope of tangent at x = 0 is –
3
1
 f '(x) = −
3
x2
lim  (Use L.H. rule)
x →0 f(x 2 ) − 5f(4x 2 ) + 4f(7x 2 )
1 1
 lim =−
x →0 f '(x ) − 20f '(4x ) + 28f '(7x )
2 2 2
3
f ( x ) is a polynomial function and ( f (  ) ) + ( f ' (  ) ) = 0 then the value of

2 2
88.
lt f ( x )  f ' ( x ) 
  ( where . denotes greatest integer function) is __
x →  f '( x )  f ( x ) 
a) 0 b) 1 c) -1 d) 2
Key. B
Sol. Clearly,  is repeated root of f ( x ) = 0
lt f ( x )  f ' ( x )  f ' ( x )   lt  f ( x )  f ' ( x )  

 −    1 −  
x →  f ' ( x )  f ( x )  f ( x )   x →   f ' ( x )  f ( x )  
 lt f ( x )  f ' ( x )  
 =0&   is bounded function)
 x →  f ' ( x ) 
 f ( x )  
 x 3  x 3 
89. ln  −    (a  0) , [.] GIF, is
x →a −  a  a  

A) a 2 − 2 B) a 2 − 1 C) a 2 D) a 2 + 1
Key. C
x
Sol. For a − 1  x  a    = 0
a
 x 3
 a3
ln −  − 0 = = a2
x →a  a  a
 
sin x − (sin x)sin x

90. 
Lt
=
x → 1 − sin x + ln(sin x)
2
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) – 1
Key. C
Lt t − tt
Sol. x →1
1 − t + log t
1
 4  x2 −1
91. Ltx→1  tan −1 x.  =
 
1 1
1 −
  
(A) e (B) e (C)  (D) e
e
Key. B
4 −1  1
 tan x −1 2
Lt
x→
  x −1
Sol. e
 
92. Value of f   so that the function is continuous at x = is, if
2 2
f (x) =
(1 − sin x ) ln sin x
(  − 2x ) ln (1 + 2 − 4x + 4x 2 )
2
1 1 1 1
a) b) c) − d) −
8 16 32 64
Key. D

Sol. Put x = +h
2
 Lt
(1 − cosh ) ln ( cosh )
h →0 4h 2 ln (1 + 4h 2 )
1
Simplify to get −
64
93. S1 : If Limf ( x ) + g ( x ) and Limf ( x ) − g ( x ) exist : then it is not necessary that
x →a x →a
Limf ( x ) and Limg ( x ) both exist separately

x →a x →a
S2 : If Limf ( x ) g ( x ) exists then it is necessary that Limf ( x ) and Limg ( x ) both exist
x →a x →a x →a
separately
g( x ) Lim g( x )( f ( x )−1)
S3 : Lim ( f ( x ) ) = e x →a
x →a
e x ln x − e 
cos x
S4 : Lt + = 1, where [ ] represents greatest integer function state in order, whether
x →0 x ln x
S1,S2 ,S3 ,S4 are true or false.
a) FTTT b) FFFF c) TTTT d) FFFT
Key. D
Sol. S3 is applied only for form ( → 1)

23 − 13 33 − 13 n 3 − 13
94. Lt 3 . .......... 3 3 is equal to
n → 2 + 13 33 + 13 n +1
1 1 2
a) b) c) d) None of these
3 2 3
Key. C
Sol. Conceptual
95.

A circular arc of radius ‘1’ subtends an angle of ‘x’ radians, 0  x  as shown
2
in the figure. The point ‘R’ is the point of intersection of the two tangent lines at
P & Q. Let T(x) be the area of triangle PQR and S(x) be area of the shaded region.
T ( x)
Then Lim =
x →0 S ( x)
1 3 3
a) 2 b) c) d)
2 4 2
Key. D
1
Sol. T ( x ) = .PR.RQ sin ( − x )
2
1 x x sin x
=  tan 2  .sin x = tan −
2 2 2 2
s ( x ) = area of sector OPQ – area of OPQ
1 2 1 2
= (1) .x − (1) sin x
2 2
x x
tan − sin
Lim 2 2=3
x →0 x − sin x 2
2
1
 sin hx  x2
96. Lt  
x →0
 x 
1 1 1
2 6 3
(a) e (b) 1 (c) e (d) e
Key. C
1
 sin hx  x2
Sol. Let l = Lt  
x →0
 x 
 sin hx 
1
1
log l = Lt 2 log   by L Hospital Rule  l = e 6
x →0 x
 x 
Limits
Multiple Correct Answer Type
1. If then
A) B) C) D)
Key. A,B
 e x +[ x ] − 2   e x+0 − 2 
Sol. A) Lt x 
x →0 +  x + [ x ] 
=
 x →0+ 
Lt x  = xLt e− x − 2 ( ) = 1 - 2 = -1
   x+0  → 0
 e x + x  − 2   e− x −1 − 2 
B) Lt x  =
 x→0− 
Lt x =0
 x +  x   −x −1 
x →0 −
x7 + a7
2. If lim = 7, then the value of a is
x →− a x + a
(A) 1 (B)–1 (C) 7 (D) –7

Key. A,B
a 7 − ( −x )
7
Sol. lam = 7  7a 6 = 7  a 6 = 1
x →− a a − ( −x )
 a=  1
lim  sin −1 x 
3. x → 0  (where . denotes greatest integer function) is
 x 
(A) left hand limit is – 2 (B) left hand limit is -1

(C)right hand limit is 1 (D) limit exists and both are equal to 1
Key. A,C
 sin −1 h   sin −1 h 
LHL = lim   = lim  = −2
h  h→0  −h 
Sol.
h→0 
 
 sin −1 h 
lim
RHL = h → 0   =1
 h 
4. Suppose ' f ' is a function that satisfies the equation f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) + f ( y ) + x 2 y + x y 2 for all
f ( x)
real numbers ' x ' and ' y '. If lim = 1, then
x →0 x
A) f ( x )  0 for x  0 and f ( x )  0 for x  0 B) f ' ( 0 ) = 1

C) f "( 0 ) = 1 D) f "' ( 0 ) = 6
Key. A,B
Sol. Observe that and
Hence,
x p + x p −1 + 1
5. Lt
x → x q + x q − 2 + 2
= ( p  0, q  0 )
A) 0 if p  q B) 1 if p = q
C) infinite if p  q D) 1 if p  q
Key: A,B,C
Hint: Conceptual
   sin  sin 
5. If  ,    − .0  such that ( sin  + sin  ) + = 0 and ( sin  + sin  ) = −1 and
 2  sin  sin 
=
lim 1 + ( 2sin  )2n then
n →
( 2sin  )2n

(A)  = − (B)  = 2
6

(C)  = − (D)  = 1
3
Key: A,B
Hint: ( sin  + sin  )2 = 1
 sin  + sin  = −1
−1 −1
 sin  = sin  =
2 2
0
 =  = −30
x g(x) + h(x) + 7
p
6. If f ( x ) = lim
p
; x  1 and f (1) = 7,f ( x ) ,g ( x ) and h ( x ) are all continuous
p→ 7x + 3x + 1
function at x = 1 . Then which of the following statement(s) is/are correct
(A) g (1) + h (1) = 70 (B) g (1) − h (1) = 28

(C) g (1) + h (1) = 60 (D) g (1) − h (1) = −28
Key: A,B
Hint: When x  1 When x > 1

p  h(x) 7 
x g ( x ) + p + p 
h (1) + 7  x 
f (1) = f (1) =
Lt x
3 +1 p→ p  3x + 1 
x 7 + P 
 x 
h (1) + 7 g (1)
7= 7=
4 7
h (1) = 21  g (1) = 49
 g (1) − h (1) = 28
g (1) + h (1) = 70
1 1
7. The function f (x) = where u =
u −u−2 2
x −1
a) has a removable discontinuous at x=1 b) has irremovable discontinuous at
3
x = 0,
2
c) discontinuous at u = −2, 1 d) discontinuous at u = −1, 2
Key: A,B,D
1
Hint The function u = is discontinuous at x = 1
x −1
1
f (x) = is discontinuous at u = −1, 2
( u + 1)( u − 2 )
3
i.e. at x = 0,
2
also we have Lt f ( x ) = Lt f ( x ) = 
x →0 u →−1
Lt f ( x ) = Lt f ( x ) = 
x→
3 u →2
2
Lt f ( x ) = Lt f ( x ) = 0
x →1 x →
 x 2 − 232.x + 416 − 1
32
 , x 1
Let f ( x ) =  ( x − 1)
2
8. .

k , x =1
Then value of k so that the function is continuous at x = 1 is

(A) 263 − 231 (B) 265 − 233
( )( )( )( )(
(C) 216 + 1 28 + 1 24 + 1 2 2 + 1 232 + 231 )
( )( )( )( )( )(
(D) 232 + 1 216 + 1 28 + 1 2 4 + 1 2 2 + 1 233 + 232 )
Key: A,C
Hint Conceptual
 x −3 , x 1
 2
9. The function f ( x ) =  x   3x   13  is
 4  −  2  +  4  , x  1
     
(A) continuous at x = 1 (B) differentiable at x =1
(C) continuous at x=3 (D) differentiable at x = 3
Key: A,B,C
Hint: f (1 + h ) = 2 = f (1 − h )
f (3 + ) = f (3 −) = 0
Continues at x = 1,3
f ' (1 + ) = f ' (1 − ) = −1
Not differentiable at x = 3
x p + x p −1 + 1
10. Lt
x → x q + x q − 2 + 2
= ( p  0, q  0 )
1) 0 if p  q 2) 1 if p = q
3) infinite if p  q 4) 1 if p  q
Key. 1,2,3
Sol. Conceptual
a sin x − bx + cx 2 + x3
11. If lim exists and is finite, then
x →0 2 x 2ln(1 + x) − 2 x3 + x 4
3
A) a = 6 B) b = 0 C) c = 0 D) The limit =
40
Key. A,C,D
Sol. Givin limit
 x3 x5 
a x − + − ....  − bx + cx 2 + x3
 3! 5! 
= lim  
x →0  x 2 x 3 
2 x2  x − + − ...  − 2 x3 + x 4
 2 3 
 
 a ax5
(a − b) x + cx 2 + 1 −  x3 + ....
= lim  6 120
x →0 x5 x 6
2 − + ...
3 2
For this limit to exist, we must have
a = b, c = 0, a = 6
a 3 63 3
and given limit =  = =
120 2 120  2 40
  (1 − cos m x ) 
12. If lim sin   exists, where m, n  N , then
x →0  xn 
 
a) m  N , n = 3 b) m  N , n  N c) m  N , n = 2 d) m  N , n = 1
Key. C,D
  (1 − cos m x ) 
Sol. lim sin  
x →0  xn 
 
  (1 − cos m x ) 
= sin lim  
x →0  xn 
 
Possible when m  N and n = 1 or 2 .
| ax 2 + bx + c |
13. ,  are roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 where 1 <  <  if lim = 1 then which of the
x →m ax 2 + bx + c
following are true

(A) a < 0 and  < m <  (B) a > 0 and m < 1
(C) a > 0 and  < m <  (B) a > 0 and m > 1
Key. A,B
| a(x −  )(x − ) |
Sol. lim =1
x →m a(x −  )(x − )
when a > 0, m < 1  (m − ) (m – ) > 0

 a(m − ) (x – ) > 0
a(x −  )(x − )
 lim =1
x →m a(x −  )(x − )
when a < 0,  < m <   (m − ) (m − ) < 0

 a(m − ) (m − ) > 0
a(x −  )(x − )
 lim =1
x →m a(x −  )(x − )
x p + x p −1 + 1
14. Lt
x → where p  0 q  0 is
x q + x q −2 + 2
(A) 0 if p  q (B) 1 if p = q (C) Infinite if p  q (D) 1 if p  q
Key. A,B,C
Sol. SS 1  k
Limits
Assertion Reasoning Type
( x + 1)
+ ( x + 2 ) + ..... + ( x + 100 )
10 10 10
1. Statement-1: lim = 100

x → x10 + 910
Statement-2: If p ( x ) and q ( x ) are polynomials of same degree, then
p ( x ) leading coefficient of p ( x )
lim =
x → q ( x ) leading coefficient of q ( x )
Key. A
Sol. Let p ( x ) = a0 x n + a1 x n−1 + ... + an and q ( x ) = b0 x n + b1 x n −1 + ... + bn then
p ( x) a0 + a1 / x + a2 / x 2 + ... + an / x n a0
lim = lim =
x → q ( x ) x → b + b / x + b / x 2 + ... + b / x n b0
0 1 2 n
( x + 1) + ... + ( x + 100 ) is a polynomial of degree 10 with leading coefficient 100 and

10 10
x10 + 910 is a polynomial of degree 10 with leading coefficient 1. So statement 1 follows from
statement 2.
 x−3 
x
2. Statement-1: lim   is equal to e−5 .

x → x + 2
 
x
 1
Statement-2: lim 1 +  = e .
x →
 x
Key. A
Sol. Clearly Statement II is true. Now
x
 3
 x −3 
x
 1− x 
lim 
x → x + 2
 = lim  
  x→  1 + 2 
 
 x
−3
 3  − x / 3 
lim 1 −  
x →
 x  
= 2
 2  x / 2 
lim 1 +  
x →
 x  
e−3
= 2 = e−5 .
e
Statement I is also true and Statement II is a correct explanation of Statement I.
 sin x
 if x  0
3. Statement-1: Let f ( x ) =  x
ax + b if x  0
If lim f ( x ) exists, then a = 1 and b = 0 .
x →0
Statement-2: lim ( px + q ) = q where p and q are any real constants.

x →0
Key. D
Sol. Statement II is clearly true. Since lim f ( x ) exists, the left and right limits of f ( x ) at x = 0
x →0
must be equal. So
 sin x 
lim   =1
x →0
 x 
 lim f ( x ) = 1
x →0−0
Now lim f ( x ) = lim ( ax + b ) = b .

x →0+ 0 x →0+ 0
Therefore b = 1 whereas a may be any real number. Hence Statement I is false.
4. Statement-1: If a and b are positive and  x  denotes the greatest integer  x , then
x b  b
lim = .
x →0 + a  x 
  a
 x = 0 , where
Statement-2: lim
x →
 x denotes fractional part of x.
x
Key. A
x b  x  b b 
Sol. lim   = lim  −   
x →0 + a x x → 0 + a  x  x 
 b  
 
x b
= lim . 1 −   
x
x →0 + a x
 b
  x
  
 b  
 
b  x
= lim 1 −  
x →0 + a
 b
  x
  
b b
= − lim
 y where y =
b
a a y → y x
b
= .
a
Since, 0   x  1 so
 x  1 for x  0 .
x x
Hence lim
 x = 0 .
x → x
5. Let  x  denote the integral part of x.
 sin  x 
 if  x   0
Statement-1: Let f ( x ) =   x 
 0 if  x  = 0

Then lim f ( x ) does not exist.

x →0
 sin x 
Statement-2: lim   = 1.
x →0
 x 
Key. B
Sol. Statement-II is true.
sin  0 − h
Now lim f ( x ) = lim =
x →0 − 0 h →0
h 0
0 − h
sin ( −1)
= lim
h→ 0 ( −1)
= sin1 .
Also lim f ( x ) = 0 because  0 + h = 0 . Therefore
x →0 + 0
lim f ( x )  lim f ( x )
x →0− 0 x →0 + 0
 lim f ( x ) does not exist.

x →0
Statement-I is also true. That is both statements are true and Statement-II is not a correct
explanation of Statement-I.
 sin 2 x + a sin x 
6. Statement-1: If lim   exists finitely, then the value of a is -2.
x →0
 x3 
f ( x)
Statement-2: If lim exists finitely and lim g ( x ) = 0 then lim f ( x ) = 0 .
x→a g ( x) x →a x →a
Key. A
Sol. Statement-II is clearly true.
 sin 2 x + a sin x   sin x  ( 2 cos x + a )
Now lim   = lim  
   x 
3
x →0 x x → 0 x2
2 cos x + a
= lim exists finitely.
x →0 x2
Therefore lim ( 2cos x + a ) = 0 .
x →0
So a = −2 .
A) Statement-1is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correctExplanation forStatement-1

B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-
1
C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
 1 1
STATEMENT-1: lim x 2  1 − cos =
x  2
7.
x →

 1
STATEMENT–2: lim cos   does not exist
x →0
x
Key: B
 1  1 
Hint: lim x 2  1 − cos  = lim x 2  2sin2  
x →
 x  x→  2x 
 1 
2x 2  sin2  
= lim  2x 
x → 1
 4x 2
4x 2
1
as x → , →0
2x
 1 1 2 1
So, lim x 2  1 − cos = 1 =
x →
 x  2 2
 1  1
Also, lim cos   does not exist because cos   does not approach to a definite value as
x →0
x x
x →0
 (−1)n 
8. STATEMENT- 1: lim 1 −  , ([ ] denotes the G.I.F.) does not exist.
n →
 n +1 
 (−1)n 
STATEMENT 2: lim 1 −  =1
n →
 n +1 
Key: B
Hint: Conceptual
 x 
9.
  x − 3  ( where . denotes greatest integer function  x ) then
Let f ( x ) = cos 
 
Statement I : f ( x ) is continuous at atleast one integer in the domain of f ( x )
Statement II : f ( x ) is discontinuous at all integers in its domain.
Key: C
Hint: Domain = ( −, 3)  [4, )
Let k  Domain of f(x), k  I
 k 
Lt + f ( x ) = cos  
x →k  k −3
 k 
Lt − f ( x ) = cos  
x→k k −4
 k 
f ( k ) = cos  
 k −3
At k = 4, 0 f(x) is continuous
10. Statement-1: If a and b are positive and  x  denotes the greatest integer  x , then
x b  b
lim = .
x →0 + a  x  a
 x = 0 , where
Statement-2: lim
x →
 x denotes fractional part of x.
x
Key. A
x b  x  b b 
Sol. lim   = lim  −   
x →0 + a x x → 0 + a  x  x 
 b  
 
x b  x
= lim . 1 −  
x →0 + a x
 b
  x
  
 b  
 
b  x
= lim 1 −  
x →0 + a
 b
  x
  
b b
= − lim
 y where y =
b
a a y → y x
b
= .
a
Since, 0   x  1 so
 x  1 for x  0 .
x x
Hence lim
 x = 0 .
x → x
11. Let  x  denote the integral part of x.
 sin  x 
 if  x   0
Statement-1: Let f ( x ) =   x 
 0 if  x  = 0

Then lim f ( x ) does not exist.

x →0
 sin x 
Statement-2: lim   = 1.
x →0
 x 
Key. B
Sol. Statement-II is true.
sin  0 − h
Now lim f ( x ) = lim =
x →0 − 0 h →0
h 0
0 − h
sin ( −1)
= lim
h→ 0 ( −1)
= sin1 .
Also lim f ( x ) = 0 because  0 + h = 0 . Therefore
x →0 + 0
lim f ( x )  lim f ( x )
x →0− 0 x →0 + 0
 lim f ( x ) does not exist.

x →0
Statement-I is also true. That is both statements are true and Statement-II is not a correct
explanation of Statement-I.
 sin 2 x + a sin x 
12. Statement-1: If lim   exists finitely, then the value of a is -2.
x →0
 x3 
f ( x)
Statement-2: If lim exists finitely and lim g ( x ) = 0 then lim f ( x ) = 0 .
Key. A
Sol. Statement-II is clearly true.
 sin 2 x + a sin x   sin x  ( 2 cos x + a )
Now lim   = lim  
  x →0  x 
3
x →0 x x2
2 cos x + a
= lim exists finitely.
x →0 x2
Therefore lim ( 2cos x + a ) = 0 .
x →0
So a = −2 .
ln(2 + x) − x 2 n sin x
13. Assertion (A): For x  1 , then ln = ln(2 + x) .
n → 1 + x2n
Reason (R): For −1  x  1, ln x 2 n = 0
n →
Key. A
Sol. Conceptual
n(n + 1)
14. Statement – I : The period of  x  +  2 x  + ..... +  nx  − x. where n  N .( Where [.] denotes
2
the greatest integer function) is n
Statement - II : The period of  x + 2 x + ..... + nx when n  N is L.C.M of the periods of
x , 2 x ,............nx , (where . denotes the fractional part of x)
Key. D
Sol. Conceptual
xn
15. Assertion (A) : Lt = 0 for every x  0,n  N
n → n!
Reason(R) : every sequence whose nth term contains n! in the denominator converges to 0.
Key. C
Sol. Conceptual
16. STATEMENT 1: If a and b are positive and [x] denotes greatest integer  x , then
x b  b
lim+   =
x →0 a  x  a
{x}
STATEMENT 2 : lim → 0 where {x} denotes fractional part of x.
x → x
Key. A
Sol. The Assertion A is true and follows from Reason R.
x b  x  b b 
Since lim+   = lim+  −   
x →0 a  x   x 

x →0 a x
 b  b  {b / x}  b b
lim+  −    = −0 = .
x →0
 a  a  b/ x  a a
Limits
Comprehension Type
Passage – 1
Let n  N , The A.M, G.M, H.M of the n numbers n+1, n+2, n+3, ----, n+n are An, Gn, Hn respectively
then attempt the following.
An
1. lim
n → n
A. 1 B. 1/2 C. 3/2 D. 2
Key. C
n(n + 1)
n2 +
(n + 1) + (n + 2) + − − − − +(n + n) 2 3n + 1
An = = =
Sol. n n 2
An 3 1 3
= + → as n → 
n 2 2n 2
Gn
2. lim
n → n
A. 1/e B. 2/e C. 3/e D. 4/e
Key. D
1
Gn = ((n + 1)(n + 2) − − − −(n + n))

n
1
1 2 n n
= n((1 + )(1 + ) − − − −(1 + ))
n n n
1
Gn 1 2 n n
= ((1 + )(1 + ) − − − −(1 + ))
n n n n
Sol. Gn 1 n
r Gn 1 n r
log =  log(1 + )  lim log = lim  log(1 + )
n n r =1 n n → n n→ n r =1 n
1
4
=  log(1 + x)dx = log
0
e
Gn 4
lim =
n → n e
Hn
3. lim
n → n
A. 1/e B. 1/log2 C. 2/e D. 1/log4
Key. B
n
n n 1 1 n 1
Hn =  = = 
1
+
1
+−−−+
1 Hn r =1 n + r n r =1 1 + r
Sol. n +1 n + 2 n+n n
1 1
dx
= = log(1 + x)  = log 2
0
1+ x 0
Passage – 2
If f, g and h are functions having a common domain D and h ( x )  f ( x )  g ( x ) , x  D and if
lim h ( x ) = lim g ( x ) = l then lim f ( x ) = l . This is known as Sandwich Theorem. Using this
result, compute the following limits.

x
4. The value of lim
x →0
x4 + 4x2 + 7
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 1/2 (D) doesn’t exist
Key. B
Sol. Since x 4 + 4 x 2 + 7  1 , so
x
0  x . But lim x = 0 ,
x4 + 4 x2 + 7 x →0
x
Hence 0  lim  lim x = 0 .
x →0
x 4 + 4 x 2 + 7 x →0
x
 lim =0
x →0
x4 + 4 x2 + 7
 1 
5. lim x 4 sin   is
x →0
3 x 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1/3 (D) does not exist
Key. A
 1   1 
Sol. Since −1  sin    1, so − x  x sin 
4 4
  x . But lim
4
x4 = 0 ,
3 x  3 x  x → 0
 1 
Hence 0  x 4 sin    0,
3 x 
 1 
 lim x 4 sin   = 0.
x →0
3 x 
 e1/ x − e−1/ x 
6. Let f ( x ) = x 2  1/ x −1/ x  , x  0 , then
e +e 
(A) lim f ( x ) doesn’t exist (B) lim f ( x ) doesn’t exist

x →0+ x →0
(C) lim f ( x ) exist (D) lim f ( x ) = 1

x →0 x →0
Key. C
e1/ x − e−1/ x 2 1− e
−2/ x
Sol. 0  x2 −1/ x
= x −2/ x
 x 2 for x  0 .
e +e
1/ x
1+ e
2 e
2/ x
−1
So lim f ( x ) = 0 . Also lim f ( x ) = lim x 2/ x = 0.
x →0 + x →0 − x →0 − e +1
Hence lim f ( x ) = 0 .
x →0
Passage – 3
n
 x
Let f ( x ) = lim  cos ( ) ( )
n

 , g x = lim 1 − x + x n
e . Now, consider the function y = h(x), where h(x)
n → n n →
 
= tan ( g f ( x ) ) .
−1 −1 −1
ln ( f ( x ) )
7. lim+ is equal to
x →0 ln ( g ( x ) )
1 1
(A) (B) −
2 2
(C) 0 (D) 1
Key. B
8. Domain of the function y = h(x) is

(A) ( 0,  ) (B) R
(C) (0, 1) (D) [0, 1]
Key. C
9. Range of the function y = h(x) is

    
(A)  0,  (B)  − , 0 
 2  2 
  
(C) R (D)  − , 
 2 2
Key. D
Sol. Conceptual
Passage – 4
In the evaluation of limits following the paragraph, one may use one or the other of the
following results:
1) If f ( x ) and g ( x ) are functions defined in some deleted neighbourhood N of ‘a’ such that
f ( x)
g ( x ) never vanishes in N and lim exists, then lim g ( x ) = 0 implies Lt f ( x ) = 0
g( x)
2) If f ( x ) → 1 as x → a, g ( x ) → + as x → a and lim  f ( x ) exists, then this limit equals
x →a
Lt g ( x )  f ( x ) − 1
e x→a
sin ax − log e ( e x cos x )
1
10. If lim = , then
x →0 x sin bx 2
1 1
a) a = 1, b = 1 b) a = −1, b = c) a = −1, b = 1 d) a = −1, b =
2 2
Key. A
11. Let f ( x ) be a function that is defined in a deleted neighbourhood of ‘0’ such that
f ( x) x (1 + a cos x ) − b sin x
lim = 1 . If lim = 1 then
  ( )
x →0 x →0 3
x f x
3 1 1 3 5 3 3 5
a) a = − , b = − b) a = , b = c) a = − , b = − d) a = , b =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Key. C
x2
a − a2 − x2 −
12. Let L = lim 2 , a  0 . If L is finite, then L =
x→0 x 2 sin 2 x
1 1 1 1
a) b) − c) d) −
4 4 8 8
Key. C
b a cos ax − 1 + tan x
Sol. 4. = Lt
2 x →0 2x
a cos ax − 1
 b = Lt +1
x →0 x
 a = b =1
1 + a cos x − ax sin x − b cos x
5. lim =1
x →0 3x 2
implies a − b = −1 and in this case,
1 = lim
(1 − cos x ) − ax sin x = 1  1 − a 
 
x →0 3x 2 3 2 
5 3
This gives a = − and b = a + 1 = −
2 2
−x 1
+x 1−
6. L = lim a − x3 a − x2
2 2 2
= Lt
x →0 4x x →0 4 x2
1 − x2 −1 1
 a = 1 and L = Lt 2
=−
x →0 4x 8
Passage – 5
lim h ( x ) = limg ( x ) = l then limf ( x ) = l . This is known as Sandwich Theorem.
 1 
x →0
3 x 
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) does not exist
3
Key: A
 1   1 
Hint: Since −1  sin   1, so − x 4  x 4 sin    x . But lim
4
x4 = 0 .
→
 3x  3x
x 0
 1 
 lim x 4 sin   =0
x →0
3 x 
e1/ x − e−1/ x
14. Let f ( x ) = x 1/ x −1/ x , x  0 and f(0) = 1 then
2
e +e
(a) lim+ f ( x ) does not exist (b) limf ( x ) does not exist
x →0 x →0
(c) limf ( x ) exists (d) f is continuous at x = 0.

x →0
Key: c
e1/ x − e−1/ x 2 1− e
−2/ x
Hint: 0  x2 −1/ x
= x −2/ x
 x 2 for x > 0
e +e
1/ x
1+ e
e2/ x − 1
So lim+ f ( x ) = 0 . Also lim− f ( x ) = lim− x 2 2/ x =0
x →0 x →0 x →0 e +1
lim f ( x ) = 0
x →0
1
15. Let f ( x ) = x 5  3  , x  0 and f(0) = 0 ([.] denotes the greatest integer function)
x 
(a) limf ( x ) does not exist (b) f is not continuous at x = 0
x →0
(c) limf ( x ) = 1 (d) limf ( x ) = 0

x →0 x →0
Key: d
Hint: Since x − 1   x   x for x  R
1 1 1  1  1
−1   3   3  x 5  3 − 1  x 5  3   x 2
x  x x  x 
3
x
1
so lim x 5  3  = 0
x →0
x 
Passage – 6
f : R → R is a function satisfying the following three conditions:
(a) f ( − x ) = − f ( x ) , x  R
(b) f ( x + 1) = f ( x ) + 1, x  R
 1  f ( x)
(c) f   = 2 , x  0
 x x
Answer the following questions.
2 ( ) −2 ( )
f x +1 f x
16. lim is
x →2 x
2
A) 2 B) log 2 C) 2log 2 D)
log 2
Key. A
17. lim ( f −1 ( x ) ) is
x →1
A) 1 B) 0 C) does not exist D) e

Key. A
18. The number of common points of the graph of y = f ( x ) with the line y = x is
A) 2 B) 4 C) 8 D) infinite
Key. D
Sol. 16-18. Hint: f ( x ) = x, x  R .
Passage – 7
Consider two functions
( )
n
 x 
f ( x ) = lim  cos  & g ( x ) = − x , where b = lim
4b
x 2 + x + 1 − x 2 + 1 , then
n →
 n x →
19. f ( x ) is
A) e− x B) e− x
2 2 2 2
/2
C) e x D) e x /2
Key. B
20. Number of solutions of f ( x ) + g ( x ) = 0 is
A)2 B)4 C)0 D)1
Key. A
 x 
 x 
−1n
 1 − cos 
= lim e −    x 2 = e − x2 /2
 cos
Sol. f ( x ) = lim e  n  n
n → n →   x 2 
   
  n 
& b = lim
(x 2
+ x + 1) − ( x 2 + 1)
=
1
x →
x2 + x + 1 + x2 + 1 2
 f ( x ) + g ( x ) = e− x  e− x = x2
2
− x2 = 0
2
/2 /2
Two solutions
Passage – 8
lim h ( x ) = lim g ( x ) = l then lim f ( x ) = l . This is known as Sandwich Theorem. Using this
result, compute the following limits.

x
21. The value of lim
x →0
x + 4x2 + 7
4
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 1/2 (D) doesn’t exist

Key. B
 1 
x →0
3 x 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1/3 (D) does not exist
Key. A
 e1/ x − e−1/ x 
23. Let f ( x ) = x 2  1/ x −1/ x  , x  0 , then
e +e 
(A) lim f ( x ) doesn’t exist (B) lim f ( x ) doesn’t exist
x →0+ x →0
(C) lim f ( x ) exist (D) lim f ( x ) = 1

x →0 x →0
Key. C
Sol. 21. Since x 4 + 4 x 2 + 7  1 , so
x
0  x . But lim x = 0 ,
x4 + 4 x2 + 7 x →0
x
Hence 0  lim  lim x = 0 .
x →0
x4 + 4x2 + 7 x →0
x
 lim =0
x →0
x4 + 4 x2 + 7
 1   1 
22. Since −1  sin    1, so − x  x sin 
4 4
  x . But lim
4
x4 = 0 ,
3 x  3 x  x → 0
 1 
Hence 0  x 4 sin    0,
3 x 
 1 
 lim x 4 sin   = 0.
x →0
3 x 
e1/ x − e−1/ x 1 − e−2/ x
23. 0  x 2 1/ x −1/ x = x 2 −2/ x
 x 2 for x  0 .
e +e 1+ e
e2/ x − 1
So lim f ( x ) = 0 . Also lim f ( x ) = lim x 2 2/ x = 0.
x →0 + x →0 − x →0 − e +1
Hence lim f ( x ) = 0 .
x →0
Passage – 9
n!
Let f (x)= n Cx p x q n- x ; x = 0,1, 2,.....n where p+q=1, 0 < p < 1. Here n
Cx =
and
x !(n - x)!
n! = 1´ 2´ 3´ ....´ n. np = l (finite) when p ® 0 and n ® ¥ . Now answer the following
questions
n
24. Lt
n® ¥
å
x= 0
x f (x) =
l
a) l b) c) 0 d) 1
2
Key. A
n
25. Lt
n® ¥
å
x= 0
x 2 f (x) =
2 2
a) 1+ l b) l + l c) l d) 0
Key. B
n
å
2
26. Lt
n® ¥
(x - l ) f (x) =
x= 0
a) l b) 0 c) 2l d) l 2 + l
Key. A
x n- x
n (n - 1)(x - 2)........(n - x + 1)æl ö æ l ö
lim f (x) = lim çç ÷ ÷ ç1- ÷÷
çè n ø èçç n ø
Sol. 24,25,26 :
n® ¥ n® ¥ x! ÷ ÷
e−  x
=
x!
¥ ¥ ¥
l x- 1l l x- 1
å
x= 0
xf (x) = åx= 0
x.e- l
(x - 1)! x
= l e- l åx= 1 (x - 1)! = e- l el l = l
¥ ¥ ¥
Similarly å
x= 0
x 2 f (x ) = å
x= 0
x (x - 1)f (x )+ å x= 0
xf (x ) = l 2 + l
å å å å
2
(x - l ) f (x) = x 2 f (x )+ l 2
f (x )- 2l xf (x )
x= 0
= 2 +  − 2 = 
Passage – 10
Lt Lt Lt
x →a f ( x) exists if x →a −
f ( x) and x →a +
f ( x) both exist and are equal. Their common value is the
Lt
value of x →a f ( x) . Answer the following questions
sin (1 +  x )
f ( x) =  x  0
27. If  x
=0 [ x] = 0 ( where . denotes the greatest integer function ) then
Lt Lt
(A) x →0 − f ( x) exists and equal to zero (B) x →0 + f ( x) exists
(C) Ltx→0 f ( x) exists (D) none of these
Key. A
Y
( x,  ( x ))
P Q ( y ,  ( y ))
R
28. If y = f ( x)
then
X
o M
(A) Ltx→1− f ( x) = 4 (B) Lt

x →1+ f ( x) = 3 (C) Lt
x →1+ f ( x) = 5 (D) Lt
x →1 f ( x) does not exist
Key. D
29. If  x  denotes the greatest integer  x then Ltx→1 (1 − x + [ x − 1] + [1 − x]) is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) – 1 (D) none of these
Key. C
Sol. Conceptual
Passage – 11
Let Ltx→c f ( x) = l = Ltx→c h( x) and f ( x)  g ( x)  h( x) x  (c −  , c) (c, c +  ) for  >0 then Ltx→c g ( x) = l
this is called squeeze principle or sandwich principle. Then answer the following questions.
 [12 x x ] + [22 x x ] + ....... + [n2 x x ] 
 = ( where . denotes the greatest integer function )
Lt Lt
30. x →0 n → 
 n3 
1 1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
6 3 2
Key. C
Lt   sin x   tan x  
31. x →0    +  = ( where . denotes the greatest integer function )
 x   x 
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
Key. D
  x + 2 x + 3x + ....... + nx 

 (where  x denotes the fractional part of x) is equal to
Lt
32. 
n → 2
 n 
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 0 (D) none of these
Key. C
Sol. Conceptual
Passage – 12
Left hand derivative and right hand derivative of a function f ( x ) at a point x = a are defined
as
f (a ) − f (a − h ) f (a + h ) − f (a )
f 1 ( a − ) = Lim+ = Lim− and
h →0 h h →0 h
f (a + h ) − f (a ) f (a − h ) − f (a ) f ( x ) − f (a )
f 1 ( a + ) = Lim+ = Lim− = Lt+ respectively
h →0 h h →0 −h h →a x −a
33. If f is odd, which of the following is left hand derivate of f at x = - a
f (a − h ) − f (a ) f (h − a ) − f (a )
a) Lt + b) Lt −
h →0 −h h →0 h
f (a ) + f (a − h ) f ( −a ) − f ( −a − h )
c) Lt + d) Lt −
h →0 −h h →0 −h
Key. A
1
34. If f is even which of the following is right hand derivative of f at x = a
f 1 ( a ) + f 1 ( −a + h ) f 1 ( a ) + f 1 ( −a − h )
a) Lt − b) Lt+
h →0 h h →0 h
− f ( − a ) + f 1 ( −a − h )
1
c) Lt − d) − 3 3
h →0 −h
Key. A
f ( −x ) − f ( −x − h ) f (x) − f (x − h)
35. The statement Lt = Lt implies that
h →0 h h →0 −h
a) f is odd b) f is even
c) f is neither odd nor even d) nothing can be concluded.
Key. B
f ( −a ) − f ( −a + h )
Sol. 33. LHD = Lt −
h →0 −h
f (a − h ) − f (a )
1 1
34. RHD = Lt −
h →0 −h
LHL = f ( − x ) = −f ( x )  f is odd
1 1 1
35.
 is even
Limits
Integer Answer Type
1  9 
1. If f ( n + 1) =  f (n) +  where n  N and f ( n )  0n  N and Lt f ( n ) exist
2  f ( n )  n →
then the value of Lt f ( n ) =

n →
Key. 3
Sol. Let Lt fn = l  Lt f ( n + 1) = l
n → x →
1  9 
Lt f ( n + 1) = Lt  f ( n ) + 
n → 2 n→  f ( n) 
1  9
l = l+
2  l 
l2 + 9
2l =  2l 2 = l 2 + 9  l 2 = 9  l =3
l
f ( n )  0n  N  Lt f ( n ) = 3
x →
2. If {x},[ x] are fractional part function and greatest integer functions of x respectively then for
e{ x} − {x} − 1
any real number a , the value of Lt
x →[ a ] − is e − K  K = _____
{x}2
Key. 2
Sol. As
x → [a],{x} → 1
e1 − 1 − 1
 G.L = = e−2
12
1  9 
3. If f ( n + 1) =  f (n) +  where n  N and f ( n )  0n  N and nLt f ( n ) exist then the
2  f ( n )  →
value of Lt f ( n ) =
n →
Key. 3
Sol. Let Lt fn = l  Lt f ( n + 1) = l
n → x →
1  9 
Lt f ( n + 1) = Lt  f ( n ) + 
n → 2 n→  f ( n) 
1  9
l = l+
2  l 
l2 + 9
2l =  2l 2 = l 2 + 9  l 2 = 9
l
l =3
f ( n )  0n  N
 Lt f ( n ) = 3
x →
 ( cos x − 1) ( cos x − e x ) 
4. The integer ‘n’ for which Lt   is a finite non zero number, is
x →0
 xn 
Key. 3
( cos x − 1) ( cos− en )
Sol. Let Lt = k ( finite, non-zero )
x →0 nx
 x 2 x 4    x2 x4 x6   x x 2 x3 
1 − + + .....  − 1 1 − + − + .... +  − 1 + + + = 1
 2! 4!    2! 4! 6!   1! 2! 3! 
 Lt  n
=K
x →0 x
As the limit in finite, non zero we have degree of denominator = least power of x
 n =3
tan  x
x
 1 
5. If A = Lt + Lt 1 + 2  then  A is, where [.] denotes g.i.f
x →−2 x + 2 x →
 x 
Key. 4
x2
tan  x  1 1
Sol. Give A = Lt + Lt 1 + 2 
x →−2 x + 2 1
→0  x  x
x
 sec  x
2
Lt + Lt e1/ x
x →−2 1 1
→0
x
=  + 1 = 3.14 + 1 = 4.14
 A = 4.14
 A = 4
ae x − b cos x + ce− x
6. If Lt = 2 then the value of a + b + c =
x→0 x sin x
Key. 3
ae x − b cos x + c.e− x
Sol. Lt = 2  a − b + c = 0 …..(i)
x →0 x sin x
Apply LH Rule
ae x + b sin x − c.e− x
Lt = 2  a + 0 − c = 0  a = c ….(ii)
x →0 sin x + x cos x
Apply LH rule
ae x + b cos x + ce− x
Lt = 2 a+b+c = 4
x →0 cos x + cos x − x sin x
a + b + c = 4
7. If
1 − sin 3 x 
f ( x) = x
3cos 2 x 2

a x=
2
b (1 − sin x ) 
x
( − 2 x )
2
2
 b
If f ( x ) is continuous x = then =
2 a
Ans: 8
1 b
Hint: LHL = .RHL =
2 8
1 b
 =a=
2 8
log(1 + x)1+ x 1
8. If lim − = k then value of 12 k is
x →0 x2 x
Key. 6
(1 + x) n(1 + x) − x n(1 + x) 1
Sol. k = lim 2
= lim =
x →0 x x → 0 2x 2
(on using L ' Hopital rule) 12k = 6
tan x − sin(tan −1(tan x))

9. The value of lim is
 tan x + cos2 (tan x)
x→
2
Key. 1
Sol. We have
tan x − sin tan −1(tan x)

LHL = lim
x→ −
2
tan x − sin x
= lim
 2
x→ − tan x + cos (tan x)
2
sin x
1−
tan x 1− 0
= lim = =1
 2 1 + 0
x → − 1 + cos (tan x)
2 tan x
 
At x → −, o  x   tan −1(tan x) = x
2 2

Further as, x → −, tan x →  and cos2 (tan x) is real number between 0 and 1]
2
tan x − sin tan −1(tan x)
RHL = lim
x→ +
2
tan x + sin x
= lim
 2
x → + tan x + cos x(tan x)
2
sin x
1+
tan x 1+ 0
= = lim = =1
 cos 2 (tan x ) 1− 0
x→ + 1 +
2 tan x
 
(As x → +, x   tan −1 tan x
2 2
= tan −1 tan( x − ) = x − 
 sin tan −1(tan x) = sin( x − ) = − sin x


Further as x → +; tan x → − and cos2 (tan x) is a real number between 0 and 1)
2
LHL = RHL = 1  required limit = 1
10. Let (tan ) x + (sin ) y =  and ( cos ec) x + cos y = 1 be two variable straight lines, 
being the parameter. Let P be the point of intersection of the lines. If the coordinates of P in the
limiting position when  → 0 be ( h, k ) then is h − k equal to
Key. 3
Sol. Here two straight line, (tan ) x + (sin ) y =  and
( cos ec ) x + (cos ) y = 1 have their point of intersection as,
 cos  − sin   − x tan 
x= and y =
sin  −  sin 
 when  → o , we obtain the pointP.
 cos  − sin   0 
i.e., lim x = lim  form 
→0 →0 sin  −   0 
− sin  + cos  − cos 

= lim
→0 cos  − 1
(applying L-Hospital’s rule)
  
  2sin cos 
− sin 
= lim 
2 2
= lim
2
→0 −2sin  / 2 →0 
2sin 2
2

 2
lim = lim 2 =2
→0 tan  / 2 →0 tan 
2
 − x tan    x 
Again, lim y = lim = lim  − 
→0 →0 sin  x →0  sin  cos  
 x  
lim − lim = 1 − 2 = −1  lim x = 2
→0 sin  →0 cos   →0 
 lim y = −1
→0
Hence, in limiting position P(2 − 1)  h − k = 2 + 1 = 3
11.
Key. 3
Sol.
Limits
Matrix-Match Type
x −1
2n
1. Let f ( x ) = lim
n → x2n + 1
Column-1 Column-2
(A) f = 1 on (P) (1,  )
(B) f = −1 on (Q) ( 2,  )
(C) f  0 on (R)  2,  )
(D) f ( x ) = sgn ( x − 1) on (S)
(− 12 , 12)
Key. A-p,q,r; B-s; C-p,q,r; D-p,q,r,s
Sol. If x  1 , then lim x 2 n =  , so
n →
1 − x −2 n
f ( x) = lim =1
n→ 1 + x −2 n
If x  1 then lim x 2n = 0 , therefore f ( x ) = −1 . If x = 1 then x 2 n = 1 for

n →
any n, therefore f ( x ) = 0 . Thus

1 if x  1i.e.x  ( −, −1) (1,  )

f ( x ) = −1 if x  1i.e. − 1  x  1 or f ( x ) = sgn ( x − 1)
0 if x = 1

2.
COLUMN-I COLUMN-II
(A) f ( x ) = x sgn ( x − 1) (p) lim f ( x ) doesn’t exist

x →1
(B)
f ( x) =
( (
sin sin tan ( x 2 / 2 ) )) (q) lim f ( x ) doesn’t exist
x →0
log cos 3 x
(C) 3
1 + tan −1 3x − 3 1 − sin −1 3x (r) lim f ( x ) = −1/ 9
f ( x) = x →0
1 − sin −1 2 x − 1 + tan −1 2 x
(D) e1/ x − 1 (s) lim f ( x ) = −1

f ( x) = x →0
e1/ x + 1
Key. A-p; B-r; C-s; D-q

Sol. For function f in (A)
 x, x  1

f ( x ) = 0, x = 1 so lim f ( x ) does not exist.
x →1
 − x, x  1

lim
( (
sin sin tan ( x 2 / 2 ) ))
x →0 log cos 3 x
= lim
( (
sin sin tan ( x 2 / 2 ) ))  sin ( tan x / 2)  tan ( x / 2) 
2 2
x2 / 2
x →0 sin ( tan x 2 / 2 ) tan x 2 / 2 x2 / 2 log cos3x
1 2x −1
= lim =
2 x →0 −3 tan 3 x 9
3
1 + tan −1 3x − 3 1 − sin −1 3x
lim
x →0
1 − sin −1 2 x − 1 + tan −1 2 x
 1 −1   1 −1 
1 + tan 3x + .......  − 1 − sin 3x + .... 
= lim    
3 3
x →0  1 −1   1 
−1
1 − sin 2 x − .....  − 1 + tan 2 x + ..... 
 2   2 
1 tan −1 3x 1 sin −1 3 x 1
+ + (higher power of sin −1 3x and tan −1 3x)
= 3 x 3 x x
1 sin −1 2 x 1 tan −1 2 x 1
− − + ( higher power of sin −1 2 x and tan −1 2 x )
2 x 2 x x
1+1
= = −1
−1 − 1
e1/ x − 1 e1/ x − 1
lim = −1 and lim = 1.
x →0− e1/ x + 1 x →0 + e1/ x + 1
3.
COLUMN-I COLUMN-II
(A)
lim
(x 3
+ 27 ) log ( x − 2 )
=
(p) 12
x →3 x2 − 9
(B)  x  (q) 8
 
 e x − 1  x +1−e x 
lim   =
x →0
 x 
(C) x ( a + cos x ) − b sin x (r) 9

If lim = 1 then a and b are
x →0 x3
respectively
(D) If f ( x ) is a thrice differentiable function such (s) e −1

f ( 4 x ) − 3 f ( 3x ) + 3 f ( 2 x ) − f ( x )
that lim = 12 ,
x →0 x3
then f ''' ( 0 ) is equal to
Key. A-r; B-s; C-q, r; D-p

Sol. (A) By L’ Hospital Rule
( x3 + 27 ) x −1 2 + log ( x − 2) .3x2 54
lim = =9
x →3 2x 6
 x 
 
 e x − 1  x +1−e x 
(B) L = lim  
x →0
 x 
 
 1 
 
 ex −1   e x −1 
 1−
= lim    x 

x →0
 x 
ex −1
Put = t . As x → 0, t → 1 .
x
1
 L = lim t 1−t 1 form 
t →1
Taking logarithm,
1 0 
log L = lim log t  form 
t →1 1 − t
0 
1
= lim t (by L. Hospital’s rule) = −1  L = e−1 .
x →1 −1
x2 x4 x6
(C) We know that cos x = 1 − + − + ...
2! 4! 6!
x3 x5
sin x = x − + − ....
3! 5!
 x2 x4   x3 
ax + x 1 − + − ....  − b  x − + .... 
 L = lim  2! 4!   3! 
x →0 3
x
1 b 1
= lim ( a − b + 1)  2 +  − 
x →0 x  3! 2! 
+ terms containing x
As L = 1, we must have
b 1
a − b + 1 = 0 and − = 1
3! 2!
 b = 9 and a = 8 .
− f ( x ) + 3 f ( 2 x ) − 3 f ( 3x ) + f ( 4 x )  0 
(D) L = lim  form 
0 
x →0 3
x
− f ' ( x ) + 6 f ' ( 2 x ) − 9 f ' ( 3x ) + 4 f ' ( 4 x )
= lim
x →0 3x 2
− f '' ( x ) + 12 f '' ( 2 x ) − 27 f '' ( 3x ) + 16 f '' ( 4 x )  0 
= lim  form 
x →0 6x 0 
− f ''' ( x ) + 24 f ''' ( 2 x ) − 81 f ''' ( 3x ) + 64 f ''' ( 4 x )  0 
= lim  form 
x →0 6 0 
6. f ''' ( 0 )
= = f ''' ( 0 ) .
6
But L = 12  f ''' ( 0 ) = 12 .
4. Column I
Column II
(A) x (p) 3
 (1 − cos 2t ) dt
0
4
Lt x
x →0
x  tan t.dt
0
(B) 1 + 3 2 + 3 3 + ..... + 3 n − 1 (q) 4

Lt
n → 3
n4 3
(C) e x .sin x − x (1 + x ) (r) 2

Lt
x →0 tan 3 x 3
(D) cos ( sin x ) − cos x (s) 1

Lt =L
x →0 x4 3
Then 4 L is
A → q, B → p
Key.
C → s, D → r
− cos 2 x.1
Sol. (A) Lt x
dt
x →0
x.tan x +  tan t dt
0
sin 2 x.2 4 cos 2 x

Lt = Lt
x →0 2 tan x + x sec x
2 x → 0 2sec x + sec 2 x + x.2sec 2 x tan x
2
n −1 3 1
r
(B) Lt
x →
 n.
r =1
3
n
=  3 x dx
0
e x sin x − x − x 2
(C) Lt
x →0 tan 3 x
x3
x3
e x sin x − x − x 2
Lt
x →0 tan 3 x
x3
x3
e x cos x + e x sin x − 1 − 2 x
Lt
x →0 3x 2
e x cos x − e x sin x + e x sin x + e x cos x − 2 2e x cos x − 2
Lt = lt
x →0 6x x →0 6x
2e x cos x − 2 e x sin x 1
=
6 3
−2sin .sin
2 2 sin 2 x − .x 2
(D) Lt .
x →0 sin x + x sin x − x 4x4
.
2 2
sin 2 x − 2 x
Lt − 2.
x →0 4.4 x3
−2 2cos 2 x − 2 1 1 − cos 2 x
Lt . 2
= Lt .
x →0 4 4.3x x → 0 12 x2
1 22 1
= . = =L
12 2 6
2
 4L =
3
5. Match the following.

Column – I Column – II
A 3
7−x −2 P -2
If L = Lt then 12L =
x →−1 x +1
B tan 3 x − tan x Q 2
If L = Lt then -L/4 =
x→
  
4 cos  x + 
 4
C ( 2 x − 3) ( x −1 ) then 20L = R 1
If L = Lt
x →1 2 x2 + x − 3
D log x n −  x  S -1
If L = Lt where n  N . ([x]
x →  x
denotes g.i.f then -2L =
Key. (A) S; (B) R; (C) P; (D) Q

(8 − h ) − 2 (put x + 1 = h , as x → −1  h → 0 )
1/ 3
3
7−x−2
Sol. A) L = Lt = Lt
x →−1 x +1 h →0 h
1
 h 3   1 h 
2 1 −  − 2  1 − 3 , 8  − l 
= Lt  8
= 2  Lt   
x →0 h  x → 0 h 
 
 1  −1
= 2 −  =
 24  12
−1
L =
12
 12L = −1
B) L = Lt
tan 3 x − tan x
= Lt tan x
( tan x − 1)( tan x + 1)
x→
    x→  
4 cos  x +  4 cos  x + 
 4  4
 1 1
tan x cos x − sin x  ( tan x + 1)
tan x ( sin x − cos x )( tan x + 1)  2 2
= Lt = − 2 Lt
x→
   x→
    
4 cos x cos  x +  4 cos x  cos  x +  
 4   4 
 
tan x cos  x +  ( tan x + 1)
= 2 Lt  4
x+
  
4 cos x.cos  x + 
 4
= − 2  2  2 = −4
−L
 L = −4  =1
4
( 2 x − 3) ( x − 1) −1
C) L = Lt =
x →1
( 2 x + 3) ( x + 1)( x − 1) 10
20L = −2
log x n −  x  log x n  x
D) L = Lt = Lt − Lt
x →  x x →  x  x →  x 
= 0-1 = - 1
L = −1
−2L = 2
6.
COLUMN-I COLUMN-II
(A) f ( x ) = x sgn ( x − 1) (p) lim f ( x ) doesn’t exist

x →1
(B)
f ( x) =
( (
sin sin tan ( x 2 / 2 ) )) (q) lim f ( x ) doesn’t exist
x →0
log cos 3 x
(C) 3
1 + tan −1 3x − 3 1 − sin −1 3x (r) lim f ( x ) = −1/ 9
f ( x) = x →0
−1 −1
1 − sin 2 x − 1 + tan 2 x
(D) e1/ x − 1 (s) lim f ( x ) = −1

f ( x) = x →0
e1/ x + 1
Key. A-p; B-r; C-s; D-q

Sol. For function f in (A)
 x, x  1

f ( x ) = 0, x = 1 so lim f ( x ) does not exist.
x →1
 − x, x  1

lim
( (
sin sin tan ( x 2 / 2 ) ))
x →0 log cos 3 x
= lim
( (
sin sin tan ( x 2 / 2 ) ))  sin ( tan x / 2)  tan ( x / 2) 
2 2
x2 / 2
x →0 sin ( tan x 2 / 2 ) tan x 2 / 2 x2 / 2 log cos3x
1 2x −1
= lim =
2 x → 0 −3 tan 3 x 9
3
1 + tan −1 3x − 3 1 − sin −1 3x
lim
x →0
1 − sin −1 2 x − 1 + tan −1 2 x
 1 −1   1 −1 
1 + tan 3x + .......  − 1 − sin 3x + .... 
= lim    3 
3
x →0  1 −1   1 
−1
1 − sin 2 x − .....  − 1 + tan 2 x + ..... 
 2   2 
1 tan −1 3x 1 sin −1 3 x 1
+ + (higher power of sin −1 3x and tan −1 3x)
= 3 x 3 x x
1 sin −1 2 x 1 tan −1 2 x 1
− − + ( higher power of sin −1 2 x and tan −1 2 x )
2 x 2 x x
1+1
= = −1
−1 − 1
e1/ x − 1 e1/ x − 1
lim = −1 and lim = 1.
x →0− e1/ x + 1 x →0 + e1/ x + 1
7. Match the following:-
COLUMN-I COLUMN-II
(A)
lim
(x 3
+ 27 ) log ( x − 2 )
=
(p) 12
x →3 x2 − 9
(B)  x  (q) 8
 
 e x − 1  x +1−e x 
lim   =
x →0
 x 
(C) x ( a + cos x ) − b sin x (r) 9

If lim = 1 then a and b are
x →0 x3
respectively
(D) If f ( x ) is a thrice differentiable function such (s) e −1
f ( 4 x ) − 3 f ( 3x ) + 3 f ( 2 x ) − f ( x )
that lim = 12 ,
x →0 x3
then f ''' ( 0 ) is equal to
Key. A-r; B-s; C-q, r; D-p

Sol. (A) By L’ Hospital Rule
( x3 + 27 ) x −1 2 + log ( x − 2) .3x2 54
lim = =9
x →3 2x 6
 x 
 
 e x − 1  x +1−e x 
(B) L = lim  
x →0
 x 
 
 1 
 
 ex −1   e x −1 
−
= lim  


1
x 

x →0
 x 
ex −1
Put = t . As x → 0, t → 1 .
x
1
 L = lim t 1−t 1 form 
t →1
Taking logarithm,
1 0 
log L = lim log t  form 
t →1 1 − t
0 
1
= lim t (by L. Hospital’s rule) = −1  L = e−1 .
x →1 −1
x2 x4 x6
(C) We know that cos x = 1 − + − + ...
2! 4! 6!
x3 x5
sin x = x − + − ....
3! 5!
 x2 x4   x3 
ax + x 1 − + − ....  − b  x − + .... 
 L = lim  2! 4!   3! 
x →0 3
x
1 b 1
= lim ( a − b + 1)  2 +  − 
x →0 x  3! 2! 
+ terms containing x
As L = 1, we must have
b 1
a − b + 1 = 0 and − = 1
3! 2!
 b = 9 and a = 8 .
− f ( x ) + 3 f ( 2 x ) − 3 f ( 3x ) + f ( 4 x )  0 
(D) L = lim  form 
0 
x →0 3
x
− f ' ( x ) + 6 f ' ( 2 x ) − 9 f ' ( 3x ) + 4 f ' ( 4 x )
= lim
x →0 3x 2
− f '' ( x ) + 12 f '' ( 2 x ) − 27 f '' ( 3x ) + 16 f '' ( 4 x )  0 
= lim  form 
x →0 6x 0 
− f ''' ( x ) + 24 f ''' ( 2 x ) − 81 f ''' ( 3x ) + 64 f ''' ( 4 x )  0 
= lim  form 
x →0 6 0 
6. f ''' ( 0 )
= = f ''' ( 0 ) .
6
But L = 12  f ''' ( 0 ) = 12 .
8. Match the following:-

1 n 2
n 2
1 
a) Lt  + + + ..... +  p) 1/24

n → n (n + 1) (n + 2)
3 3
8n 
1 1 1 1 
b) Lt  + + + ..... +  q)  / 2

n → n n +1 n + 2 4n 
3n
 n2 
c) Lt
n →
  3 
r =1  (3n + r ) 
r) log 4
 1 1 1 1
d) Lt  + + + .... +  s) 3/8
n →
 2n − 1 4n − 2 2 6n − 32 n
2
Key. a) s b) r c) p d) q
Sol. Conceptual
Single Correct Answer Type
1. A function f ( x ) is defined by ,
[ x 2 ] − 1
 2 , for x 2  1
 x −1
f ( x) =  Where[.] denotes GIF
0 , for x 2 = 1


A) Continuous at B) Discontinuous at
C) Differentiable at D) None of these
Key. B
Sol.
at x = 1 is 0
Also LHL at x = 1 is
2. ( )
If f ( x ) = sgn ( x ) and g ( x ) = x 1 − x 2 then ( fog )( x ) is discontinuous at
(A) exactly one point (B)exactly two points
(C) exactly three points (D) no point.
Key. C
−1 if x  0

Sol. Given f ( x ) = Sgnx =  0 if x = 0
 1 if x  0

(
And g ( x ) = x 1 − x
2
)
(
Now fog ( x ) = −1 if x 1 − x  0
2
) solving
= 0 if x (1 − x ) = 0 , x (1 − x )  0
2 2
= 1 if x (1 − x )  0 we have x  ( −1,0 )  (1,  )

2
 fog ( x ) = −1 if x  ( −1,0 )  (1,  )

= 0 if x  −1,0,1
= 1 if x  ( −, −1)  ( 0,1)
 fog ( x ) is discontinuous at x = −1,0,1
3. If f ( x) is a polynomial satisfying the relation f ( x) + f ( 2 x) = 5 x 2 − 18 then f 1 (1) is

equal to
(A) 1
(B) 3
(C) cannot be found since degree of f ( x) is not given
(D) 2
Key. D
Sol. Let f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c (By hypothesis)
f ( x) + f ( 2 x) = 5 x 2 − 8
 f ( x) = x 2 − 9  f 1 (1) = 2.
4. Let ' f ' be a real valued function defined on the interval ( −1,1) such that
x
e− x . f ( x ) = 2 +  t 4 + 1 dt x ( −1,1) and let ' g ' be the inverse function of ' f ' .
0
Then g ( 2) = _____
1
(A) 3 (B ) 1/ 2 (C) 1/ 3 (D) 2

Key. C
Sol. Differentiating given equation we get
e− x . f 1 ( x) − e− x . f ( x) = 1 + x 4
Since ( g of )( x) = x. as ' g ' is inverse of f.
 g  f ( x )  = x
 g1  f ( x )  . f 1 ( x ) = 1
1
 g1  f ( 0)  = 1
f ( 0)
1
 g 1 ( 2) =
f 1
( 0)
(Here f ( 0) = 2 observe from hypothesis)
Put x = 0 in (1) we get f 1 ( 0) = 3 .
5. If y = f ( x ) represents a straight line passing through origin and not passing through any
of the points with integral Co-ordinates in the co-ordinate plane. Then the number of such
continuous functions on ‘R’ is _____( it is known that straight line represents a function)
(A) 0 (B) finite (C) infinite (D) at most one

Key. C
Sol.  infinitely many continuous functions of the form f ( x) = mx. When m is Irrational,
and when slope is irrational the line obviously will not pass through any of the pts in the
Co-ordinate plane with integral Co-ordinates. We know a straight line is always
continuous.
6. If a function y =  ( x) is defined on  a, b  and  ( a)  ( b)  0 then

(A)  no c(a, b) such that  (c) = 0 if and only if ' ' is continuous
(B)  a function  ( x) differentiable on R − 0 satisfying the given hypothesis
(C) If  (c) = 0 satisfying the given hypothesis then  ( x) must be discontinuous
(D) None of these
Key. B
 1 if x0
 '
Sol. Consider the function  ( x) =  x defined on  −1,1 ,clearly

 1, if x=0
 ( −1)   (1)  0 , and  ( x) is differentiable on R1 0
But there is no point c  −1,1   ( c) = 0 .
7. Let f : R → R be a differentiable function satisfying

f ( y ) f ( x − y ) = f ( x)  x, y  R and f 1 (0) = p, f 1 (5) = q then f (5) is
A. p 2 / q B. p / q C. q / p D. q
Key. C
1
Sol. y = 0  f (0) = 1 and x = 0  f (− y ) = .
f ( y)
Hence
f ( x + h) − f ( x ) f ( x) − 1
f ( x + y ) = f ( x) f ( y ) f 1 ( x) = hLim
→0 = f ( x) hLt→0 = f ( x). f 1 (0) = pf ( x) put
h h
q
x = 5 f (5) =
p
8. If both f(x) and g(x) are differentiable functions at x = x0, then the function defined as h(x) =
maximum {f(x), g(x)} :
(A) is always differentiable at x = x0
(B) is never differentiable at x = x0
(C) is differentiable at x = x0 provided f ( x 0 )  g ( x 0 )

(D) cannot be differentiable at x = x0 if f ( x 0 )  g ( x 0 )
Key. C
Sol. Consider the graph of f(x) = max(sinx, cosx), which is non-differentiable at x = /4,
hence statement (A) is false. From the graph y = f(x) is differentiable at x = /2, hence
statement (B) is false.
Statement (C) is false
Statement (D) is false as consider g(x) = max (x, x2) at x = 0, for which x = x2 at x = 0,
but f(x) is differentiable at x = 0.
1

  x
f ( x) =  tan  + x   if x  0  is continuous at x = 0 then value of  is
9.
 4  

=  if x = 0 
1) 1 2) e 3) e2 4) 0
Key. 3
1
 1 + tan x  x e
Sol.  = lim   = −1 = e2
x →0 1 − tan x
  e
1 p
10. f ( x) = If x = where p and q are integer and q  0 , G.C.D of (p,q) = 1 and f ( x) = 0
q q
If x is irrational then set of continuous points of f ( x) is
1) all real numbers 2) all rational numbers 3) all irrational number 4) all integers
Key. 3
p
Sol. Let x =
q
1
f ( x) =
q
p
When x → f ( x) = 0 for every irrational number  nbd ( p / q)
q
1 m
= if n =  nbd ( p / q)
n n
1
→ 0 as n →  since
n
There  - number of rational  nbd ( p / q)
 lim f ( x) = 0 but f  p  = 1  0
p
x→
q q q
Discontinuous at every rational
If x =  is irrational  f ( ) = 0
Now lim f ( x) is also O
x →
 continuous for every irrational 
11. is differentiable at
A) All points B) No point
C) All points except two D) All points expect at one point
Key. C
Sol.
Since these expressions are linear function in x or a constant

It is clearly differentiable at all points except at the border points at -3 and 3
At
At
At and x = 3 it is not differentiable
12. If ([.] denotes the greatest integer

function) then is
A) continuous and non-differentiable at
and
B) continuous and differentiable at
C) discontinuous at
D) continuous but not differentiable at
Key. C
Sol.
clearly discontinuous at
13.
A function is defined by ,
A) Continuous at B) Discontinuous at
C) Differentiable at D) None of these
Key. B
Sol.
at x = 1 is 0
Also LHL at x = 1 is
14.
. Where denotes the greatest integer function then

is
A) Continuous B) Discontinuous
C) D)
exist but does not exist is not differentiable
Key. A
Sol. is integral multiple of ,there fore f(x)=0 x

f(x) is constant function
f(x) is continuous and differentiable any number of times
15.
The no. of points of discontinuous of where is
defined as,
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) >2
Key. C
Sol.
16.
then f (x) is continuous but not differentiable at , if
A) B) C) D)
Key. A
Sol.
For not differentiable
From equation 1 and 2
17. The function f(x) is defined as
where a and b are

constants. Then which one of the following is true?
A) f is differentiable at x = - 2 if and only if a =3/4, b = -1/16
B) f is differentiable at x = - 2 whatever be
the values of a and b
C)
f is differentiable at x = - 2 if , whatever be the values of a
D)
f is differentiable x = - 2 if , whatever be the values of a.
Key. A
Sol. Conceptual
18.
Total number of points belonging to where
is not differentiable
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
Key. B
Sol. By figure it is clear
The points where f(x) is not differentiable
19.
If
Where [.] is G.I.F. If f(x) is continuous at x = 0 then equal to
A) 1 B) C) 2 D)
Key. A
Sol. Conceptual
20.
Given
is differentiable at provided
A) B) C) D)
Key. A
Sol.
21.
The function is differentiable in
A) B) C) D)
Key. A
Sol. The function f(x) is an odd function with Range it is differentiable every where
22.
The domain of the derivative of the function is
A) B) C) D)
Key. D
Sol. The given function is

Clearly L.H.L at
R.H.L at
at
f(x) is discontinuous at
Also we can prove in the same way, that f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1
f(x) can not be found for or domain of
23.
where [.] denotes the G.I.F then
A) B) C) D) Does not
1 ex
ist
Key. D
Sol.
Clearly
f(x) is not continuous at x = 1
f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1
does not exist
24.
If f(x) = for 2 < x < 3 and ([x] denotes the G.I.F) then is
A) B) C) D)
Key. B
Sol. For 2 < x < 3 , we have [x] = 2
25.
The derivation of with respect to at
A) B) C) D)
1
Key. A
Sol.
26.
If then
A) B) C) D)
Key. A
Sol.
27.
Let f (x) = x[x] , (where [.] denotes the G.I.F) . If x is not an integer, then is
A) 2x B) x C) [x] D) 3x
Key. C
Sol. f(x)=x[x]
28.
Number of points at which the function is not

derivable is
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
Key. C
Sol.
29.
Given
is differentiable at provided
A) B) C) D)
Key. A
Sol.
30.
The function is differentiable in
A) B) C) D)
Key. A
Sol. The function f(x) is an odd function with Range it is differentiable every where
31.
The value of is
A) B) C) D)
Key. D
Sol. Let .
32.
If , then is given by
A) B) C) D)
Key. D
Sol.
33.
The value of is
A) B) C) D)
Key. B
Sol.
34.
Let be a periodic function satisfying the condition
for all and let . Then the

period of is
A) 2 B) 6 C) 12 D) 24
Key. C
Sol. …….(1)
........(2)
……….(3)
Replace by
35.
The fundamental period of the function is
A) B) C) D)
Key. A
Sol. The fundamental period of is and that of is . L.C.M of and 2 is 2
So fundamental period of is
36. If then the value of is
A) B) C) D)
Key. C
Sol.
37. Define f : 0,   → R by

 tan 2 x  2sin 2 x + 3sin x + 4 − sin 2 x + 6sin x + 2  , x   / 2

f ( x) =    is continuous
k ,x = /2

at x = ,then k =
2
1 1 1 1
A) B) C) D)
12 6 24 32
Key. A
t2 
Sol. Let sin x = t and evaluate lim
2t 2 + 3t + 4 − t 2 + 6t + 2  by rationalization
1− t2  
t →1
38. Let a1 sin x + a2 sin 2 x + ........... + a8 sin 8 x  sin x for x  R

Define P = a1 + 2a 2 + 3a 3 + .... + 8a8 .Then P satisfies
A) P  1 B) P  1 C) P  1 D) P  1
Key. A
Sol. f(x) = a1 sinx + a2 sin2x + …….+ a8 sin 8x
f (x) − 0
a1 + 2a 2 + ....... + 8a 8 = f '(0) = lim
x →0 x
f (x) sin x
=
x → 0 sin x x
f (x)
= lim 1
x →0 sin x
p 1

 a + sin[ x] , x0
 x

39. If f ( x ) =  2, x = 0 (where [.] denotes the greatest integer function).

b +  sin x − x  , x  0
  x3 
If f ( x) is continuous at x = 0 , then b is equal to
A. a − 1 B. a + 1 C. a + 2 D. a − 2
Key. B
sin[ x]
Sol. f (0+) = Lim
x →0 a + =a
x
sin x − x −1
since
Lim
x →0 = ; we get f (0−) = b − 1
x3 6
Hence b = a + 1
40. If f ( x) is a continuous function x  R and the range of f ( x) = (2, 26) and

 f ( x) 
g ( x) =  is continuous x  R (where [.] denotes the greatest integral
 a 
function). Then the least positive integral value of a is
A. 2 B. 3 C. 6 D. 5
Key. C
f ( x)
Sol. g ( x) is continuous only when lies between two consecutive integers Hence
a
2 26 26
( , ) should not contain any integer. The least integral value of a is 6(sin ce  1)
a a a
41. f ( x) = [ x2 ] − [ x]2 , then (where [.] denotes greatest integer function)
A. f is not continuous B. f is continuous at

x = 0 and x =1 x = 0 but not at x =1
C. f is not continuous at x = 0 but D. f is continuous at

continuous at x =1 x = 0 and x =1
Key. C
Sol. f (0−) = 0 − (−1)2 = −1and f (0) = 0. Hence f is not continuous at x=0 (1)
f (1−) = 0 − 0 = 0 , f (1+) = 1 − 1 = 0 f (1) = 0 and Thus f is continuous at x = 1
42. Let f ( x) = sec−1 ([1 + sin 2 x]); where [.] denotes greatest integer function. Then the set
of points where f ( x) is not continuous is
B. C.
 n   
A.  , n  I      D. {n / n  I }
 2  (2n − 1) , n  I  (n − 1) , n  I 
 2   2 
Key. B
Sol. f (n +) = sec−1 1 = 0 and f (n −) = sec−1 1 = 0 and f (n ) = 0
 f is continuous at x = n
  
f ((2n − 1) +) = sec −1 1 = 0 but f ((2n − 1) ) = sec −1 2 =
2 2 3

 f is discontinuous at x = (2n − 1) for all n  I
2
43. The number of points at which the function

f ( x) = max .{a − x, a + x, b}, −  x  , 0  a  b cannot be differentiable is,
A. 2 B. 3 C. 1 D. 0
Key. A
 a − x if x  a −b

Sol. f ( x) =  b if a −b  x  b−a
a + x if x b−a

Hence f is not differentiable at x = a − b, b − a
44. lim  x sin  x  = [ . ] → denotes greatest integer function

x →−1−
1) -1 2) 1 3) 0 4) does not exist

Key. 1
Sol. x  −1   x  −   x  2nd quadrant
 sin  x  0
x0
 x sin  x  0
 x sin  x = −1
45. The function f ( x ) = ( x 2 − 1) x 2 − 3x + 2 + cos ( x ) is not differentiable at

A) – 1 B) 0 C) 1 D) 2
Key. D
Sol. Here cos (|x|) = cos (± x) cos x
f ( x ) = − ( x 2 − 1)( x 2 − 3x + 2 ) + cos x,1  x  2
= ( x 2 − 1)( x 2 − 3x + 2 ) + cos x, x  1 or x  2
Clearly f(1) = cos 1, Lt f ( x ) = cos1

x →1
f(2) = cos 2, Lt f ( x ) = cos 2

x →2
Hence f(x) is continuous at x = 1, 2

Now f ' ( x ) = −2x ( x 2 − 3x + 2 ) − ( x 2 − 1) ( 2x − 3) − sin x, 1  x  2
= 2x ( x 2 − 3x + 2 ) + ( x 2 − 1) ( 2x − 3) − sin x, x  1 or x > 2
f ' (1 − 0 ) = − sin1,f ' (1 + 0 ) = − sin1

f ' ( 2 − 0 ) = −3 − sin 2 ,
f ' ( 2 + 0 ) + 3 − sin 2
Hence f(x) is not differentiable at x = 2.
46. If f(x) is a function such that f(0) = a, f ' ( 0 ) = ab, f "( 0 ) = ab2 , f '"( 0 ) = ab3 , and so on and
b > 0, where dash denotes the derivatives, then Lt f ( x ) =
x →−
A)  B) − C) 0 D) none of these
Key. C
Sol. Given f(0) = a, f ' ( 0) = ab, f "( 0 ) = ab2
f '"( 0 ) = ab3 and so on.
 f ( x ) = aebx
 Lt f ( x ) = Lt ae bx = 0
x →−  x→− 
 b  0
If f ( x ) = p sin x + qe x + r x and f(x) is differentiable at x = 0, then

3
47.
A) p = q = r = 0 B) p = 0, q = 0, r = any real number
C) q = 0, r = 0, p is any real number D) r = 0, p = 0, q is any real number
Key. B
Sol. At x = 0,
L. H. derivative of p | sin x | = - p
R.H. derivative of p | sin x | = p
 for p | sin x| to be differentiable at
x = 0, p = - p or p = 0
at x = 0, L.H. derivative of qe x = − q
R.H. derivative of qe x = q
For qe x to be differentiable at x = 0,
- q = q or q = 0
3
d.e. of r x at x = 0 is 0
 for f (x) to be differentiable at x = 0
P = 0, q = 0 and r may be any real number.
Second Method:
f ( h ) − f ( 0)
f ' ( 0 − 0 ) = Lt
h →0 − 0 h
p sinh + qe h + r h − q
3
Lt
h →0 − 0 h
−psinh + qe− h − rh 3 − q
Lt
h →0 − 0 h
 sinh q ( e − h − 1) 
= Lt −p − − rh 2 
h →0 − 0
 h −h 
=-p–q
Similarly, f ' ( 0 + 0) = p + q
Since f(x) is differentiable at x = 0
 f ' ( 0 − 0 ) = f ' ( 0 + 0 )  −p − q = p + q
 p+q =0
Here r may be any real number.
 Correct choice is (b)
x2 
48. The number of points in (1, 3), where f ( x ) = a   , a  1 , is not differentiable where [x]
denotes the integral part of x is
A) 0 B) 3 C) 5 D) 7
Key. D
Sol. Here 1 < x < 3 and in this interval x 2 is an increasing function.
 1  x2  9
 x 2  = 1,1  x  2
= 2, 2  x  3
= 3, 3  x  2
= 4,2  x  5
= 5, 5  x  6
= 6, 6  x  7
= 7, 7  x  8
= 8, 8  x  3
 2
Clearly  x 2  and also a 

x 
is discontinuous and not differentiable at only 7 points
x = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
49. Let f(x) be defined in [- 2, 2] by f ( x ) = max ( )

4 − x 2 , 1 + x 2 , −2  x  0
= min ( )
4 − x 2 , 1 + x 2 ,0  x  2 , then f(x)
A) is continuous at all points B) has a point of discontinuity

C) is not differentiable only at one point D) is not differentiable at more than one point
Key. B,D
Sol. 4 − x2 − 1 + x2
3 − 2x 2
=
4 − x2 + 1 + x2
 Sign scheme for ( 4 − x2 − 1 + x2 ) is same as that of 3 − 2x 2
Sign scheme for 3 − 2x 2 is

-2 2
-ve + ve -ve
3 3
−
2 2
3
 f ( x ) = 1 + x2 , − 2  x  −
2
3
= 4 − x2 , − x0
2
3
= 1 + x2 , 0  x 
2
3
= 4 − x2 , x2
2
3 3
Clearly f(x) is continuous at x = − and x = but it is discontinuous at x = 0
2 2
x 3
Also f ' ( x ) = −2x −
1+ x 2 2
x 3
=− − x0
4−x 2 2
x 3
= ,0  x 
1+ x 2 2
x 3
=− x2
4−x 2 2
3
F(x) is not differentiable at x =  and also at x = 0 as it is discontinuous at x = 0.
2
If f ( x ) = a sin 7 x + be x + c x
5
50. and if f(x) is differentiable at x = 0, then which of the
following in necessarily true
A) a = b = c = 0 B) a = 0, b = 0, c  R
C) b = c = 0, c  R D) b 0 and a and c  R
Key. D
 a sin 7 x is differentiable at x = 0 and its d.e. is 0 for all a  R and c x
5
Sol. is
differentiable at x = 0 and its d.e. is 0 for all c  R .
But at x = 0, L.H. derivative of be x = − b and R.H. derivative = b
 for be to be differentiable at x = 0, b = - b
x
 b=0
51. If [x] denotes the integral part of x and

  
 sin  x + 1 + sin   x + 1 
 
f ( x ) = x  ; then
 1 +  
x 
 
A) f(x) is continuous in R
B) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable in R
C) f "( x ) exists for all x in R
D) f(x) is discontinuous at all integral points in R
Key. D
Sol. sin  x + 1 = 0 .
Also [x + 1] = [x] + 1
 f (x) =
 x  sin 
1 + x x + 1
n 
at x = n, n  I, f ( x ) = sin
1+ n n +1
For n < x < n + 1, n  I ,
n 
f (x) = sin
1+ n n +1
For n – 1 < x < n, [x] = n – 1
n −1 
 f (x) = sin
n n
n −1 
Hence Lt f ( x ) = sin ,
x →n = 0 n 4
n 
f (n) = sin
1+ n n +1
 f(x) is discontinuous at all n  I
 2 x − x n sin x
52. In x  0,  , let f ( x ) Lt , then
 2 n → 1 + xn
A) f(x) is a constant function B) f(x) is continuous at x = 1
C) f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1 D) none of these
Key. C
2x − x n sin x
Sol. f ( x ) = Lt
n → 1 + xn
 2x , 0  x 1
 x
 2 − sin x
= , x =1
 2
 − sin x x 1

2 − sin1
Now f (1) =
2
Lt f ( x ) = Lt 2 x = 2
x →1− 0 x →1− 0
Hence f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1
53. Let f(x) = [cos x + sin x], 0 < x < 2  , where [x] denotes the integral part of x, then the
number of points of discontinuity of f (x) is
A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6
Key. C
   
Sol. f ( x ) =  2 cos  x −  
  4 
But [x] is discontinuous only at integral points.

Also − 2  2 cos  x −   2
 4
 
Integral values of 2 cos  x −  when
 4
0 < x < 2 are
3
- 1, at x = ,
2
3 7
0, at x = ,
4 4

1, at x =
2
 3 3 7
 ln ( 0,2) ,f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = , , , , .
2 4 2 4
54. If [x] denotes the integral part of x and in ( 0,) , we define

 2 ( sin x − sin n x ) + sin x − sin n x 
f (x) =   . Then for n > 1.
 2 ( sin x − sin x ) − sin x − sin x 
n n

A) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x =
2

B) both continuous and differentiable at x =
2

C) neither continuous nor differentiable at x =
2

D) Lt f ( x ) exists but Lt f ( x )  f  
x→
2
x→
2
2  
Key. B
 
Sol. For 0  x  or  x   ,
2 2
0 < sin x < 1
 for n > 1, sin x > sin4 x
 3 ( sin x − sin n x )  
 f (x) =   = 3, x 
 sin x − sin x 
n
2

= 3, x =
2
Thus in ( 0, ) ,f ( x ) = 3 .

Hence f(x) is continuous and differentiable at x = .
2
55. If [x] denotes the integral part of x and f(x) = [n + p sin x], 0 < x < , n  I and p is a
prime number, then the number of points where f(x) is not differentiable is
A) p – 1 B) p C) 2p – 1 D) 2p + 1
Key. C
Sol. [x] is not differentiable at integral points.
Also [n + p sin x] = n + [p sin x]
 [p sin x] is not differentiable, where
P sin x is an integer. But p is prime and 0 < sin x  1 0  x  
 p sin x is an integer only when
r
sin x = , where 0 < r  p and r  N
p

For r = p, sin x = 1  x = in ( 0,)
2
r
For 0 < r < p, sin x =
p
r r
 x = sin −1 or  − sin −1
p p
Number of such values of
x = p – 1 + p – 1 = 2p – 2
 Total number of points where f(x) is not differentiable = 1 + 2p – 2 = 2p – 1
56. Let f ( x ) and g ( x ) be two differentiable functions, defined as

f ( x ) = x 2 + x g ' (1) + g "( 2 ) and g ( x ) = f (1) x 2 + x f ' ( x ) + f "( x ) .
The value of f (1) + g ( −1) is
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
Key. C
Sol.
and
57. Let f(x) be a real function not identically zero, such that
f ( x + y2n +1 ) = f ( x ) + f ( y ) ; n  N and x,y are real numbers and f ' ( 0 )  0 . Find the
2n +1
values of f(5) and f ' (10 ) .

As in the preceding example, f ' ( x ) = 0 or f ( x ) = x 2n  f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) = 0 or f(x) = x.
2n
Sol.
But f(x) is given to be not identically zero.
 f(x) = 0 is inadmissible. Hence f(x) = x.
 f(x) = 5 and f ' (10 ) = 1 .
 x+y  f (x)
58. If f ( x ) + f ( y ) = f   for all x, y  R and xy  1 and xLt
 1 − xy  →0 x
= 2 , find f ( 3) and
f ' ( −2 ) .
 x+y 
Sol. Given that f ( x ) + f ( y ) = f  .
 1 − xy 
Putting x = 0, y = 0, we have f(0) = 0.
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, treating y as constant, we get
 x + y   (1 − xy ) .1 − ( x + y ) . ( − y ) 
f ( x ) + 0 = f '  
 1 − xy   (1 − xy )
2

 x + y  1 − xy + xy + y 2   x + y   1 + y 2 
= f '   = f '   2
…(1)
 1 − xy   (1 − xy )  1 − xy   (1 − xy ) 
2

Similarly differentiating both sides with respect to y, keeping x as constant, we get
 x + y   1 + x 2 
f '( y) = f '  2 
…(2)
 1 − xy   (1 − xy ) 
From (1) and (2), we get
f '( x ) 1 + y2
=  (1 + x 2 ) f ' ( x ) = (1 + y 2 ) f ' ( y ) = k ( say )= f ' ( 0 )
f '( y) 1 + x2
k 1
 f '( x ) =  f (x) = k dx = k tan −1 x +  .
1+ x 2
1+ x 2
Putting x = 0, we have f ( 0) = k  0 +    = 0, f ( 0) = 0 .
Thus f ( x ) = k tan −1 x .
f (x) tan −1 x f (x) tan −1
Again =k  Lt = k Lt  2 = k 1  k = 2 .
x x x →0 x x
Hence f(x) = 2 tan −1 x .
f ( 3 ) = 2 tan ( 3 ) = 2  3 = 23 and f ' ( −2) = 1 + (2−2)
−1
2
=
2
5
.
x
59. If 2f ( x ) = f ( xy ) + f   for all x, y  R + , f (1) = 0 and f ' (1) = 1 , find f(e) and f ' ( e ) .
 
y
x
Sol. Given 2f ( x ) = f ( xy ) + f   .
y  
Differentiating partially with respect to x (keeping y as constant), we get
x 1
2f ' ( x ) = f ' ( xy ) . y + f '   . …(1)
y y
Again, differentiating partially with respect to y (keeping x as constant), we get
x  1 
0 = f ' ( xy ) .x + f '   .x  − 2  …(2)
 y  y 
x x x
(2)  2
f '   = xf ' ( xy )  f '   = y 2f ' ( x ) .
y y y
Hence from (1), 2f ' ( x ) = yf ' ( xy ) = 2f ' ( xy )  f ' ( x ) = yf ' ( xy ) .
Now, putting x = 1, we have yf ' ( y ) = f ' (1) = 1 .
1 1
 f '( y) =   f ' ( y ) dy =  dy  f ( y ) = log y + c .
y y
Putting y = 1, we have f(1) = 0 + c  0 = c; f (1) = 0
 c = 0.
Hence f(y) = log y i.e. f(x) = log x (x > 0).
1
Hence f(e) = log e = 1 and f ' ( e ) =
e
60. (
A function y = f(x) is defined for all x  0,1 and f(x) + f(y) = f xy − 1 − x 2 1 − y 2 . )
  1  
And f ( 0 ) = ,f   = Find the function y = f(x)
2  2 4
Sol. (
Given f(x) + f(y) = f xy − 1 − x 2 1 − y 2 ) …(1)
Differentiating partially with respect to x (treating y as constant), we get
( 
)
f ' ( x ) + 0 = f ' xy − 1 − x 2 1 − y 2   y − 1 − y 2 ,

−2x 

2 1 − x2 
 y 1 − x 2 + x 1 − y 2 
 (
f ' ( x ) = f ' xy − 1 − x 2 1 − y 2  

) 1 − x2


…(2)
Similarly, differentiating (2) partially with respect to y (treating x as constant), we get

 x 1 − y 2 + y 1 + x 2 
(
f ' ( y ) f ' xy − 1 − x 2 1 − y 2  

) 1 − y2


…(3)
Now, dividing (2) by (3), we get

f '( x ) 1 − y2
=  1 − x 2 f ' ( x ) = 1 − y 2 f ' ( y ) = k (say)
f '( y ) 1− x 2
k
Thus, 1 − x2 f '( x ) = k  f '( x ) =
1 − x2
1
  f ' ( x ) dx = k  1− x 2
dx  f ( x ) = k sin −1 x +  …(4)

Now, x = 0  f(0) = k. 0 +   =.
2
1  1  −1  1 
Again x = f  = k sin  +
2  2  2
     
 =k = =k + , =
4 4 4 4 2 2
   
 k = − = −  k = −1 .
4 4 2 4
 
Hence putting k = - 1 and  = in (4), we get f ( x ) = − sin −1 x + = cos−1 x .
2 2
n −1
x
61. Let f ( x ) = Lt  , then
r = 0 ( rx + 1) ( r + 1) x + 1
n →
A) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0

B) f(x) is both continuous and differentiable at x = 0
C) f(x) is neither continuous not differentiable at x = 0
D) f(x) is a periodic function
Key. C
x
Sol. t r +1 =
( rx + 1)( r + 1) x + 1
=
( r + 1) x + 1 − ( rx + 1)
( rx + 1) ( r + 1) x + 1
1 1
= −
( rx + 1) ( r + 1) x + 1
n −1
1
 Sn =  t r +1
r =0 nx + 1
= 1, x  0
= 0, x = 0
 1 
 Lt Sn = Lt 1 − 
n → n →
 nx + 1 
Thus, f(x) is neither continuous nor differentiable at x = 0.
Clearly f(x) is not a periodic function.
62. If f(x) is a polynomial function which satisfy the relation
(f(x))2 f(x) = (f(x))3 f (x), f(0) = f(1) = f (−1) = 0, f(0) = 4, f(± 1) = 3, then f(i)
(where i = −1 ) is equal to
(A) 10 (B) 15
(C) −16 (D) −15

Key. C
Solving the equation
Sol.
We will get f(x) = x4 – 2x2 + 4
(A) 10 (B) 15
(C) −16 (D) −15
Key. C
Sol. Solving the equation
(A) 10 (B) 15
(C) −16 (D) −15

Key. C
Sol. Solving the equation
65. Let a function f(x) be such that f (x) = f(x) + ex and f(0) = 0, f (0) = 1 , then
 (f (2)) 2 
ln   equal to
 4 
1
(A) (B) 1
2
(C) 2 (D) 4
Key. D
Sol. f(x) – f(x) = ex
put f(x) = v
dv
+ v(−1) = e x
dx
 ve − x =  e x .e − x dx
ve–x = x + C1 , f  (0) = 1  C1 = 1
f(x) = xex + ex
f(x) = xex + C2
 f(0) = 0  C2 = 0
 f(x) = xex  f(2) = 2e2
 (f (2)) 2 
ln   = 4.
 4 
 
1
66. If  t 2.f ( t ) dt = 1 − sin x,  x   0,  then
sin x  2
 1 
the value of f   is
 3
1
(A) (B) 3
3
1
(C) (D) 3
3
Key. D
1
Sol.  t 2.f ( t ) dt = 1 − sin x
sin x
Differentiating both sides with respect to ‘x’

0 − sin2 x.f ( sin x ).cos x = − cos x
 cos x 1 − sin2 x.f ( sin x )  = 0
But cos x  0
1
So, f ( sin x ) =
sin2 x
 1 
f =3
 3
x
67. Let f : ( 0,  ) → R and F(x) =  f ( t ) dt. If F(x2) = x2 (1 + x) then f(4) equals
1
(A) 5/4 (B) 7 (C) 4 (D) 2

Key. C
Sol. F' ( x ) = f ( x )
(
F ( x ) = x 1 + x = x + x 3/ 2 )
3
 F' ( x ) = f ( x ) = 1 + x
2
 f(4) = 4
g '' ( x )
( )
x
−1/ 2
68. If f ( x ) =  1 + t 3 dt and g (x) is the inverse of f, then the value of is
0 g2 ( x )
(A) 3/2 (B) 2/3 (C) 1/3 (D) 1/2
Key. A
( )
x
−1/ 2
Sol. f ( x ) =  1 + t3 dt
0
g( x )
i.e. f g ( x )  =  (1 + t )
3 −1/ 2
dt
0
g( x )
i.e. x =  (1 + t ) 3 −1/ 2
dt [ g is inverse of f  f[g(x)] = x]
0
Differentiating with respect to x, we have
1 = (1 + g3)-1/2 . g '
i.e. ( g ' )2 = 1 + g3
Differentiating again with respect to x, we have
2g 'g '' = 3g 2g '
g '' 3
gives 2
=
g 2
69. If f ( x ) be positive, continuous and differentiable on the interval ( a, b ) . If
lim f ( x ) = 1 and lim f ( x ) = 3 4 also f ' ( x )  ( f ( x ) ) +

1 3 1
then
x→a + x→b− f ( x)
   
a) b − a  b) b − a  c) b − a = d) b − a =
24 24 12 24
Key. B
f '( x) f ( x)
Sol. 1
f ( x) +1
4
Integrating both sides with respect to “x” from a to b
( )
b
  tan −1 ( f ( x ) )   ( b − a )
1 2
2   a

1 
2 3
 
−   (b − a )
4

b−a 
24
1

  x
f ( x) =  tan  + x   if x  0  is continuous at x = 0 then value of  is
70.
 4  

=  if x = 0 
1) 1 2) e 3) e2 4) 0
Key. 3
1
 1 + tan x  x e
Sol.  = lim   = −1 = e2
x →0 1 − tan x
  e
1 p
71. f ( x) = If x = where p and q are integer and q  0 , G.C.D of (p,q) = 1 and f ( x) = 0
q q
If x is irrational then set of continuous points of f ( x) is
1) all real numbers 2) all rational numbers 3) all irrational number 4) all integers
Key. 3
p
Sol. Let x =
q
1
f ( x) =
q
p
When x → f ( x) = 0 for every irrational number  nbd ( p / q)
q
1 m
= if n =  nbd ( p / q)
n n
1
→ 0 as n →  since
n
There  - number of rational  nbd ( p / q)
 lim f ( x) = 0 but f  p  = 1  0
p
x→
q q q
Discontinuous at every rational
If x =  is irrational  f ( ) = 0
Now lim f ( x) is also O
x →
 continuous for every irrational 

72. If a function f : [- 2a, 2a ]® R is an odd function such that f (x) = f (2a - x) for
x Î [a, 2a ] and the left hand derivative at x=a is zero then left hand derivative at x = - a
is____
a) a b) 0 c) –a d) 1
Key. B
f ( −a ) − f ( −a − h ) f ( a ) − f ( 2a − a + h )
Sol. LHD at x = –a is lim = − lim
h →0 h h →0 h
f (a )- f (a - h)
= - lim = 0 by hypothesis
h® 0 h
ìï n æ1 ö
ïï x sin çç ÷
73. Let f (x) = í ÷, x ¹ 0 ,then f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0 if
çè x ø÷
ïï
ïïî 0; x= 0
a) n Î (0,1] b) n Î [1, ¥ ) c) n Î (– ¥ ,0) d) n = 0
Key. A
1
Sol. lim x n sin = 0 for n > 0  continuous for n > 0 Similarly f(x) is non-differentiable
x® 0 x
for n  1
 n  ( 0,1 for f(x) to be continuous and non-differentiable at x = 0.
74. If f (x) is continuous on [-2,5] and differentiable over (-2,5) and -4 £ f '(x)£ 3 for all x
in (-2,5) then the greatest possible value of f (5)- f (- 2) is
a) 7 b) 9 c) 15 d) 21
Key. D
Sol. Using LMVT in [–2, 5]
f ( 5 ) − f ( −2 )
= f 1 ( c ) ; c  ( −2,5 )
5 − ( −2 )
 f ( 5) − f ( −2 ) = 7 f 1 ( c )  21 Since −4  f 1 ( x )  3
 max  f ( 5 ) − f ( −2 ) = 21
  
  x + 1 + sin   x + 1 
sin
75. If [.] denotes the integral part of x and f ( x ) =  x    , then
 1+ x 
 
(A) f(x) is continuous in R
(B) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable in R
(C ) f’(x) exists x  R
(D) f ( x ) is discontinuous at all integral points in R
Key: D
  
Hint: At x = n, f ( n ) =
n
sin  =f n
n +1  n +1 
+
( )
n −1 
f (n) = sin
n n
 f(x) is discontinuous at all n  1
 x, x 1
76. If f ( x ) =  2 and f ( x ) is differentiable for all x  R , then
 x + bx + c, x  1
a) b = −1, c  R b) c = 1, b  R c) b = 1, c = −1 d) b = −1, c = 1
Key. 4
Sol. Lf ' (1) = 1 , Rf ' (1) = 2 + b  b = −1
f (1 − ) = 1 AND f (1 + ) = 1 + b + c  c =1
 m 1
 x sin x0
77. If f ( x ) =  x then the interval in which m lies so that f ( x ) is both
 0 x=0
continuous and differentiable at x = 0 is

a) b) ( 0,  ) c) ( 0,1 d) (1,  )
Key. 4
1
Sol. Lt f ( x ) = Lt x m sin exists if m > 0 I.E., m  [0, )
x →0 x →0 x
f ( x ) − f ( 0) 1
f ' ( 0 ) = Lt = Lt x m−1 sin EXISTS IF M – 1 > 0 IF M > 1 OR m  (1,  )
x →0 x−0 x → 0 x
78. f ( x ) = Max  x, x  , then at x = 0
3
a) f ( x ) is both continuous and differentiable
b) f ( x ) is neither continuous nor differentiable
c) f ( x ) is continuous but not differentiable
d) f ( x ) is differentiable but not continuous
Key. 3
 x 0  x 1
Sol. f (x) =  3 f (0 +) = 0 f (0 −) = 0 = f (0) Lf ' ( 0 ) = 0
 x −1  x  0
Rf ' ( 0 ) = 1
 1x − 1x 
 e − e  x0

79. f ( x ) =  1x − 1x 
 then at x = 0
 e + e 
 0 x=0
a) f ( x ) is both continuous and differentiable
b) f ( x ) is neither continuous nor differentiable
c) f ( x ) is continuous but not differentiable
d) f ( x ) is differentiable but not continuous
Key. 2
 2x 
−
1 1
 e −1   0 −1 
Sol. Lt e x
= 0 , Lt e = 0
x
f ( 0 − ) = Lt = Lt   = −1
x →0 −    0 +1 
x →0 + x →0 − 2 → −
 e x +1  x 0
 
 −
1

−
f ( 0 + ) = Lt   =1
1 e x Lt
f ( x ) DOES NOT EXIST
x →0 +  1  x →0
 1 + e− x 
 
 x + 2 y  f ( x) + 2 f ( y)
80. If f  = x, y  R and f ' ( 0 ) = 1 ; then f ( x ) is
 3  3
a). a second degree polynomial in x b). Discontinuous x  R
c). not differentiable x  R d). a linear function in x
Key. 4
 x + 2 y  f ( x) + 2 f ( y)
Sol. We have f  = x, y  R → (1) replacing x by 3x and putting
 3  3
f ( 3x ) + 2 f ( 0 )
y = 0 in (1), we get f ( x ) = .  f ( 3x ) = 3 f ( x ) − 2 f ( 0 ) → ( 2 )
3
 3h 
 3x + 2. 2 
 − f ( x)
f ( x + h) − f ( x)
f
. Now, f ' ( x ) = Lim  3 
= Lim  
h→0 h h→0 h
 3h 
f ( 3x ) + 2. f  
 2 − f x
( )
= Lim 3 (from (1))
h→0 h
 3h   3h 
f ( 3x ) + 2 f   − 3 f ( x ) 2 f   − 2 f (0)
= Lim  2  = Lim  2  (from(2))
h→0 3h h→0 3h
 3h 
f   − f ( 0)
= Lim  
2
= f ' ( 0 ) = 1 (given)  f ' ( x ) = 1  f ( x ) = x + c .  f ( x ) is a
h→0 3h
2
linear function in x, continuous x  R and differentiable x  R .  Only 4 is correct
option
Let f be a function defined by f (x ) = 2

|log x|
81. 2 ,
then at x = 1
(A) f is continuous as well as differentiable (B)
continuous but not differentiable
(C) differentiable but not continuous (D)
neither continuous nor differentiable
Key. B
1/ x, 0  x 1
Sol. f (x) =  , f is continuous
 x, x 1
−1/ x 2 , 0  x  1
f ( x ) =  , f is not differentiable at x = 1.
1, x 1
 ( x − 2)3 
82. If the function f ( x) =   sin( x − 2) + a cos( x − 2) [.] GIF, is continuous and
 a 
differentiable in (4, 6), then a belongs
A) [8, 64] B) (0, 8] C) (64, ) D) (0, 64)
Key. C
Sol. a  ( x − 2)3
8  ( x − 2)3  64  a  64
83. The equation x 7 + 3x3 + 4 x − 9 = 0 has
A) no real root B) all its roots real
C) a unique rational root D) a unique
irrational root
Key. D
Sol. Let f ( x) = x7 + 3x3 + 4 x − 9
f 1 ( x) = 7 x6 + 9 x2 + 4  0 x  R
 f is strictly increasing.
 f ( x) = 0 has a unique real root.
f (1) f (2)  0
 The real root belongs to the interval (1, 2). If f ( x) = 0 has rational roots, they must be
integers. But there are no integers between 1 and 2.
84. A function f : R → R is such that f (0) = 4, f 1 ( x) = 1 in −1  x  1 and f 1 ( x) = 3 in
1  x  3 . Also f is continuous every where. Then f (2) is
A) 5 B) 7 C) 8 D) Can not be
determined
Key. C
Sol. If −1  x  1 then f ( x) = x + 4
If 1  x  3 then f ( x) = 3x + c
But f is continuous at x = 1
 f (1) = 1 + 4 = 3 + c  c = 2 and f (1) = 5
 f (2) = 8
f ( x ) = a sin x + be + c x . If f ( x ) is differentiable at x = 0, then

x 3
85.
a) a + b + c = 0 b) a + b = 0 and c can be any real number
c) b = c = 0 and a can be any real number d) c = a = 0 and b can be any real
number.
Key. B
Sol. f ( x ) = −a sin x + be − x − cx 3 , x  0
= a sin x + be x + cx 3 , x  0
Clearly continuous at 0, for differentiability −a − b = a + b
86. Let f :  0,1 →  0,1 be a continuous function. The equation f ( x ) = x

a) will have at least one solution. b) will have exactly two solutions.
c) will have no solution d) None of these
Key. A
Sol. g(x) = f (x) − x
g ( 0 ) g (1) = f ( 0 ) ( f (1) − 1)  0
1 − cos(1 − cos x)
87. The value of f(0), so that the function f ( x) = is continuous everywhere, is
x4
a) 1/8 b) 1/2 c) 1/4 d) 1/16
Key. A
1 − cos(1 − cos h) 1 + cos(1 − cos h)
Sol. f ( 0 ) = lim 
h →0 h4 1 + cos(1 − cos h)
sin 2 (1 − cos h) (1 − cos h) 2
= lim .
h →0 h 4 .(1 + cos(1 − cos h) (1 − cos h) 2
2
 sin (1 − cos h)   1 − cos h 
2
1
= lim    lim    lim
 (1 − cos h)   h  1 + cos (1 − cos h)
h →0 h → 0 2 h → 0
1 1 1
= (1)   = .
2
4 2 8
88. Let f ( x + y ) = f ( x) f ( y ) for all x and y. Suppose that f (3) = 3 and f '(0) = 11 then f '(3) is
given by
a) 22 b) 44 c) 28 d) 33
Key. D
f ( x + h) − f ( x )
Sol. f ' ( x ) = lim
h →0 h
f ( x ) f ( h) − f ( x )
= lim
h →0 h
f ( h) − 1
= f ( x) lim
h →0 h
= f ( x) f '(0) since 1 = f ( 0 ) [By putting x = 3, y = 0 , we can show that
f ( 0) = 1]
f '(3) = f (3) f '(0)
= 3 11 = 33 .
89. Let f ( x) = cos x + sin x  , 0  x  2 , where  x  denotes the greatest integer less than or
equal to x . The number of points of discontinuity of f ( x) is
a) 6 b) 5 c) 4 d)3
Key. B
Sol. cos x + sin x =  2 cos( x −  / 4
We know that  x  is discontinuous at integral values of x,
Now, 2 cos( x −  / 4) is an integer.
at x =  / 2, 3 / 4,  ,3 / 2, 7 / 4
 1
 2 if x is rational
90. The function f defined by f ( x) = 
 1 if x is Irrational
 3
(a) Discontinuous for all x (b) Continuous at x = 2
1
(c) Continuous at x = (d) Continuous at x = 3
2
Key. A
Sol. If x is Rational any interval there lie many rationals as well as infinitely many Irrationals
1 1 1
n  N  an Irrational number xn such that x −  xn  x +  xn − x  , n
n n n
1
 Lt f ( xn ) = , Similarly in case of Irrational
n → 3
91. Number of points where the function f(x) = max (|tan x|, cos |x|) is non differentiable in
the interval ( −, ) is
A) 4 B) 6 C) 3 D) 2
Key. A
Sol. The function is not differentiable and continuous at two points between
 
x = − / 2 & x =  / 2 also function is not continuous at x = and x = − hence at four
2 2
points function is not differentiable
92. The function f(x) = maximum  

x ( 2 − x ) , 2 − x is non-differentiable at x equal to
A) 1 B) 0.2 C) 0, 1 D) 1,2
Key. D
Sol.
93. Let f ( x ) =  n + psin x , x  ( 0, ) , n  Z,p is a prime number and [x] is greatest integer less
than or equal to x. The number of points at which f(x) is not differentiable is
A) p B) p – 1 C) 2p + 1 D) 2p – 1
Key. D
Sol. f ( x ) =  n + psin x  = n + psin x 
 1
 0 0  sin x 
p

 1 2
 1  sin x 
p p

 psin x  =  2 2
 sin x 
3
 p p

 p −1
p − 1 p
 sin x  1

 p sin x = 1
 Number of points of discontinuituy are 2 (p – 1) + 1 = 2p – 1 else where it is
differentiable and the value = 0
1
94. Let f : R → R be any function and g ( x ) = . Then g is
f (x)
A) onto if f is onto B) one-one if f is one-one
C) continuous if f is continuous D) differentiable if f is differentiable
Key. B
1
Sol. f : R → R, g(x) =
f (x)
1
g '( x ) = − .f ' ( x )
f (x)
2
 g is one – one if f is one – one

95. If f(x) = [x] (sin kx)p is continuous for real x, then
A) k n, n  I ,p  0 B) k 2n, n  I ,p  0
C) k n,n  I ,p  R − 0 D) k n, n  I,n  0 , p  R − 0
Key. A
Sol. f(x) = [x] (sin kx)p
( sin kx ) is continuous and differentiable function  x  R, k  R and p > 0.
p
[X] is discoutinuous at x  I
For k = n , n  I
f ( x ) =  x  ( sin ( nx ) )
p
lim f ( x ) = 0, a  I
x →a
and f(a) = 0
So. f(x) becomes coutinuous for all x  R
 x+2 x0
 2
96. f ( x ) = − x − 2 0  x  1
 x x 1

Then the number of points of discontinuity of |f(x)| is
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) none of these
Key. A
 x+2 x0
 2
Sol. f ( x ) = − x − 2 0  x  1
 x x 1

− x − 2 x  −2
 x + 2 −2  x  0

 f (x) =  2
x + 2 0  x 1
 x x 1
Discontinuous at x = 1
 number of points of discount. 1
 ee / x − e − e / x
 , x0
97. f ( x ) =  e1/ x + e−1/ x
 , x=0
 x
A) f is continuous at x, when k = 0
B) f is not continuous at x = 0 for any real k.
C) lim f(x) exist infinitely
x →0
D) None of these
Key. B
e −1
ee / x − e− e / x e (1 − e
ex −2e / x
) = +
Sol. lim+ 1/ x = lim+
x →0 e +e −1/ x
x →0
(1 + e−2 / x )
ee / x − e − e / x e− e / x ( e2e / x − 1)  e −1 
−
 x  e

2e / x
−1 
lim− = lim = lim e   = −
x →0 e +e
1/ x −1/ x −
x →0 e − e / x
( e + 1) x →0
+2 / x −
 e +1 
2/ x
Limit doesn’t exist So f(x) is discoutinous
x , x Q
98. The correct statement for the function f ( x ) =  IS
− x , x  R ~ Q
A) continuous every where B) f(x) is a periodic function
C) discontinuous everywhere except at x = 0 D) f(x) is an even function
Key. C
Sol. lim f ( x ) = lim x = a, x  Q
x →a x →a
limf ( x ) lim ( − x ) = −a, x  R ~ Q

x →a x →a
The limit exists  a = 0

99. If f(x) = sgn(x) and g(x) = x(1 – x2), then the number of points of discontinuity of
function f(g(x)) is
A) exact two B) exact three
C) finite and more than 3 D) infinitely many
Key. B
1 , x  −1
0 , x = −1

−1 , −1  x  0

Sol. f (g ( x )) =  0 , x =0
1 , 0  x 1

0 , x =1

−1 , x 1
100. The value of Argz + Arg z = 0, z = x + iy,  x, y  R is (Arg z stands for principal argument
of z)
A) 0 B) Non-zero real number

C) Any real number D) Can’t say
Key. D
Sol. Let z = - 2 + 0i, then z = −2 − 0i
 Arg(z) + Arg ( z ) = 2  0
If z = 2 + 3i
 3
Arg (2 – 3i) is tan −1  − 
 2
Arg(2 + 3i) + Arg (2 – 3i) = 0
 1 
101. If f(x) = maximum  cos x, ,sin x  , 0  x  2 , where { . } represents fractional part
2 
function, then number of points at which f(x) is continuous but not differentiable, is
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
Key. D
Sol. See figure
There are 4 points
  
 2x tan x − , x
102.

Function  cos x 2 is continuous at x =  if k =
  2
k , x=

 2
1
A) – 2 B) 2 C) D) no such values of k
2
exists
Key. A
  
Sol. lim  2x tan x − 
x→  cos x 

2
   
 2  + h  cosh −  
 2x sin x −    2  
= lim   = lim
x→ 
 cos x  h →0  − sinh 
2
 
 
2h cosh
= lim− = −2  k = −2
x →0 sinh
 x e  x  0
 2 1/ x
103. If f ( x ) =  is continuous at x = 0, then


 k x=0
({ } denotes fractional part function)
A) It is differentiable at x = 0 B) k = 1
C) continuous but not differentiable at x = 0 D) continuous everywhere in its domain
Key. A
Sol. lim f ( x ) = 0 { lim x 2 = 0 and e1/ x  is a bounded function}

x →0 x →0
f (0 + x ) − f (0)
lim = lim x e1/ x  = 0
x →0 x x →0
 f ' ( 0) = 0
not continuous at x = log 2 e, log 3 e,.... etc.
Let f ( x) = a | sin x | +be + c | x | . If f ( x)

| x| 3
104. is differentiable at x = 0 then
A) c = a = 0 and b can be any real number B) a + b =0 and c can be any real number
C) b = c = 0 and a can be any real number D) a = b = c = 0
Key. B
−a sin x + be− x − cx3 if x  0
Sol. we have f(x)=  
a sin x + be + cx if x  0 
x 3
f(x) is obviously continuous at zero.

L.H.D = R.H.D
(−a cos x − be − x − 2cx 2 ) x=0 = (a cos x + be x + 2cx 2 ) x=0
 −a − b = a + b
 a+b=0 , and c can be any real number
105. The function f ( x) = min  x − 1,| x − 2 | −1,| x − 1| −1 is not differentiable at

A) 2 points B) 5 points C) 4 points D) 3 points
Key. B
Sol. From the graph , it is clear that function is non-differentiable at 0, ½, 1,3/2, 2.
.
Continuity & Differentiability

Multiple Correct Answer Type
1. Which is discontinuous at x = 1
1 1
(A) g ( x ) = lim (B) f ( x ) =
n→ 1 + n sin 2 ( x ) 1 + 2 tan x
 
 1 
1− x 
x −1
(C) h ( x ) = 2 −2 , x  1 and h (1) = 1 (D)  ( x ) = , x  1 and  (1) = 1
 
x − 1 + 2 ( x − 1)
2
Key. A,C,D
Sol. a) f ( x) is count at n =1
g ( 1+ ) g ( 1+ ) = 1  g ( x )
b) =0, is discontinuous at n =1
h (1 ) = 1
+
  h ( x)
h ( 1 ) = 0 
−
c) is discontinuous at n = 1
d)
L.L  RL   ( x) is discontinuous at n = 1
2. Let a function f : R → R satisfies the equation f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) + f ( y ) , x, y  R then
(A) f is continuous for all x  R if it is continuous at x = 0
(B) f ( x ) = x. f (1) x  R , if ‘f’ is continuous
(C) f ( x ) = ( f (1) ) x  R , if ‘f’ is continuous

x
(D) f ( x ) is differentiable for all x  R
Key. A,B
Sol. (i)Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, lt f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) - (1)

x→a
Let a  R then lt f ( x ) = lt f (a + h)
x→a h→0
= lt f (a) + f (h)
h→0
= f ( a ) + lt f ( h )
x→0
= f ( a ) + f ( 0) = f ( a + 0)
= f (a)
 ' f ' is continuous  x  R , as ‘a’ is arbitrary

(ii) f ( xe y ) = f ( x ) + f ( y )  f ( 0 ) = 0. f (1) - (1)

For any +ve inteteger ‘n’
f ( x ) = f (1 + 1 + ........ = 1) = n. f (1) - (2)
For any –ve integer m we have
0 = f ( 0 ) = f  m + ( − m )  = f ( m ) + f ( − m )
 f ( m ) = − f ( −m ) = − ( −m ) . f (1)
= m. f (1) - (3)
(iii) let p/q be any rational number where ‘q’ is a + ve integer and p is any +ve integer, +ve, −ve or
zero.
 p p p 
Then f  q. = f  + + ..............q times 
 q q q 
 p  p
= f + f   + ........q times
q q
 p
= q. f  
q
 f ( p ) = q. f ( p / q ) - (4)
But f ( p ) = p. f (1) from previous cases.
 p. f (1) = q. f ( p / q )
p
 f ( p / q) = . f (1) - (5)
q

(C) f ( x ) is not a periodic function (D) f ( x ) is differentiable for all x  R

Key. A,B,C,D
Sol. (i) Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, lt f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) - (1)
x→a
x→a h→0
= lt f (a) + f (h)
h→0
= f ( a ) + lt f ( h )
x→0
= f ( a ) + f ( 0) = f ( a + 0)
= f (a)
(ii) f ( xe y ) = f ( x ) + f ( y )  f ( 0 ) = 0. f (1) - (1)

f ( x ) = f (1 + 1 + ........ = 1) = n. f (1) - (2)
0 = f ( 0 ) = f  m + ( − m )  = f ( m ) + f ( − m )
 f ( m ) = − f ( −m ) = − ( −m ) . f (1)
= m. f (1) - (3)
zero.
 p p p 
Then f  q. = f  + + ..............q times 
 q q q 
 p  p
= f + f   + ........q times
 
q q
 p
= q. f  
q
 f ( p ) = q. f ( p / q ) - (4)
 p. f (1) = q. f ( p / q )
p
 f ( p / q) = . f (1) - (5)
q
iv. Let ‘x’ be a real number, since ‘f’ is continuous xn → x  f ( xn ) → f ( x ) where  xn 
represents sequence of rational numbers representing ‘x’ as xn is a rational number.
f ( xn ) = xn . f (1)
lt f ( xn ) = lt  xn . f (1)
n→ n→
 
 f ( xn ) = f (1)  lt xn 
lt
n→  n→ 
= x. f (1) - (6)
 f ( x ) = x. f (1)  x  R
From all the above cases, we have f ( x ) = kx, x taking f (1) = k , where ' k ' is a constant.
(iii), (iv) are obvious from f ( x ) = kx
4. A function f : R → R satisfies the equation f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) . f ( y ) for all x, y in R and

f ( x )  0 for any x  R . Let the function be differentiable at x = 0 and f ' ( 0 ) = 2 then.
(A) f ' ( x ) = 2 f ( x ) x  R (B) f ( x ) = e2x
1
(C) f ( x ) is every where continuous (D) f   is an Irrational number
2
Key. A,B,C,D
Sol. Clearly for x = y = 0; f ( 0 ) = 1
f ( x + h) − f ( x)
f ' ( x ) = lt = 2. f ( x )
h→0 h
Integrating f ( x ) = e x from this all the remaining follows.
 x + 2 y   ( x ) + 2 ( y )
5. Let   = x, y  R and  ' ( 0 ) = 1 and  ( 0 ) = 2 then
 3  3
(A)  ( x ) is continuous x  R (B)  ( x ) is differentiable x  R
(C)  ( x ) is both continuous and differentiable
(D)  ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0
Key. A,B,C
Sol.
( x,  ( x))
P Q ( y,  ( y ))
R
y = f ( x)
X
o M
Take p = ( x,  ( x ) ) ; Q = ( y,  ( y ) ) be any two points the curve y =  ( x )
 x + 2 y  ( x ) + 2 ( y ) 
Let ‘R’ divides the line segment PQ in the ratio 2:1 then R =  , 
 3 3 
Clearly TM > RM
 x + 2 y   ( x ) + 2 ( y )
  
 3  3
Equality holds iff  ( x ) is a linear function.
 ( x ) = ax + b
 '( 0) = 1  a = 1  ( 0) = 2
b=2
( x) = x + 2
6. Consider the function ' f ' defined in  0,1 as
 2  1  ; if x0
 x .sin  
 ( x) =   x . Then
 x=0
 0 ; if
(A)  ( x) has right derivate at x = 0 (B) 1 ( x) is discontinuous at x = 0
(C) 1 ( x) is continuous at x = 0 (D) 1 ( x) is differentiable at x = 0

Key. A,B
 1  1
Clearly  ( x ) = 2 x.sin   − cos   if x  0
1
Sol.
 
x   x
= 0 if x = 0.
 1
 1 ( x) is distinuous at x = 0 , as cos   is oscillating in the neighbour hood of '0 '
 x
7.  
If f ( x) = maximum 4,1 + x 2 , x 2 − 1 x  R. Then the total number of points where f ( x )
is not-differentiable at
(A) 3 (B) − 3 (C) Two irrational points (D) none
Key. A,B,C
Sol. Draw graph, clearly at x = + 3, f ( x ) is not differentiable.
− 3 3
8. The in-circle of  ABC touches side BC at D. Then difference between BD and CD (R is

circum-radius of  ABC )
A B −C A B −C b−c
A) 4 R sin sin B) 4 R cos sin C) b − c D)
2 2 2 2 2
Key. A,C
Sol.
9. Which of the following functions are not differentiable at
A) B) C) D)
Key. A,B,C
Sol. is not differentiable at
is differentiable for all ‘x’

however has both right and left derivatives are zero at
is differentiable at
10.
If and then
A) B)
C) D)
Key. A,B,C,D
Sol. .....(1)
Replacing x by , we set
....(2)
From (1) & (2)
....(3)
11. If p(x) is a polynomial such that
A) B) C) D)
Key. A,B,C
Sol.
12.
A) B) C) D)
Key. B,C
Sol.
13. Consider the function f defined by

0 , x = 0 or x is irrational

f ( x) = 1 m m
 n , where x is a non − zero rational number n , n  0 and n i s in lowest term
Which of the following statements is true?
A) Any irrational number is a point of discontinuity of f
B) Any irrational number is a point of continuity of f
C) The points of discontinuities of f are rational numbers
D) The points of discontinuities are non-zero rational numbers.
Key. B,D
Sol. Case : I
Let c be rational .We show that the function is continuous only at c= 0. At all other points
its discontinuous. Let f be continuous at c. As there are irrational numbers arbitrarily close
to ‘c’ so by continuity, f(c) = 0 and then c = 0.
m
Also f (x) is continuous at x = 0, since as rational numbers approach 0, their
n
1
denominators approach  , and so f (m/n) = approach 0, which is f(0)
n
Case: II
c is irrational : then f(c) = 0
But as rational numbers m/n approach c, their denominators n approach  , and so the values
f(m/n) =1/n approach 0 = f(c).Thus any irrational number is a point of continuity
Summary : f is continuous at x = 0 and any irrational number .f is discontinuous at all

non-zero rationals
14. Suppose that f : R → R is continuous and satisfying the equation f(x) .

f (f(x)) = 1, for all real x.
Let f (1000) = 999, then which of the following is true ?
1 1
A) f ( 500 ) = B) f (199 ) =
500 199
1 1
C) f ( x ) =  x R − 0 D) f (1999 ) =
x 1999
Key. A,B
Sol. f (1000) f (f (1000)) = 1
 f (1000) f (999) = 1
 999 f (999) = 1
1
 f (999) =
999
1
The numbers 999 and are in the range of f. Hence by intermediate value property
999
1
(IVP) of continuous function,function takes all values between 999 and , then there exists
999
 1 
  ,999  such that f (  ) = 500
 999 
Than f (  ) f ( f (  ) ) = 1 f (500) =
1
500
 1  1
Similarly 199   ,999  , thus f (199) =
 199  199
But there is nothing to show that 1999 lies in the range of f
Thus (D) is not correct and so ‘C’ also
15. Let f be a function with two continuous derivatives and f(0)=0, f ' ( 0 ) = 0 . Define a
function g by
 f(x)
 ,x  0
g(x) =  x
 0 , x = 0
Then which of the following statements is correct?
A) g has a continuous first derivative
B) g has a first derivative
C) g is continuous but g fails to have a derivative
D) g has a first derivative but the first derivative is not continuous

Key. A,B
1
Sol. One can easily establish that g ' ( 0 ) = f '' ( o ) using definition continuity of g ' at ‘0’ is also
2
easy to check.
16. The function
x2 
f ( x) = ,0  x 1 
a 

=a ,1  x  2 
2b 2 − 4b 
= , 2  x  
x2 

is continuous for 0  x   . Then which of the following statements is correct?
A) The number of all possible ordered pairs (a, b) is 3
B) The number of all possible order pairs (a, b) is 4
C) The product of all possible values of b is – 1
D) The product of all possible values of b is 1.
Key. A,C
Sol. ( )(
We get (a,b) = (-1,1) , 1,1 + 2 , 1,1 − 2 )
17. Which of the following statements are true?
f(c + h) − f(c − h)
A) If f is differentiable at x = c, then lim exists and equals f ' ( c ) .
h →0 2h
f(c + h) − f(c − h)
B) Given a function f and a point c in the domain of f, if the lim exists,
h →0 h
then the function is differentiable at x = c
 2 1
 x sin 2 , x  0
C) Let g(x)=  x , then g' exists
 0, x = 0
 2 1
 x sin 2 , x  0
D) Let g(x)=  x , then g' exists and is continuous.
 0, x = 0
Key. A,C
Sol. (A) is true
f (c + h) − f (c) + f (c) − f (c − h)
lim
h →0 h
f (c + h) − f (c) f (c − h) − f (c)
= lim + lim
h →0 h h →0 −h
= f '(c) + f '(c)
= 2f '(c) (f is differentiable)
(B) is false. Existence of limit is no guarantee for differentiability
(C) is true
(D) is false
18.  2 
 x cos when x  0
f ( x) =  x
 when x = 0
 0
A) f ( x ) is not differentiable at x = 0
B) f ( x ) is differentiable at x = 0
2
C) f ( x ) is not differentiable at x = :nZ
2 n +1
2
D) f ( x ) is differentiable at x  :nZ
2 n +1
Key. B,C,D
Sol. is obviously differentiable at & for where
We get & for where
We get and
is even function is not differentiable at
19. f ( x ) =  x  +
   x here [.] is integral part of ' x ' and {.} fractional part of ' x ' functions then
f ( x ) is
A) Continuous in ( −2, 2 ) B) Non differentiable at 3 points in ( −2, 2 )
C) Monotonically increasing in ( −2, 2 ) D) Discontinuous at 2 points in ( −2, 2 )
Key. A,B
Sol. Conceptual
20. Consider the function y = f (x) = 1 − 1 − x 2 . Then the true statements among the following
is/are
A) f is continuous in its domain B) f is differentiable in (-1, 1)

3 sin
1 1 2
C) Rf '(0) = and Lf '(0) = − D) If     then f '(sin ) =
2 2 2 2 cos 
Key: A,C,D
Hint f is continuous in its domain [−1,1]
x
f 1 (x) = , x  0, x  1
2 1− 1− x 2
1− x 2
Let f ( x ) =  et sin ( x − t ) dt and g ( x ) = f ( x ) + f '' ( x ) for all real x. Which of the following
x
21.
0
statements is / are correct ?
a) g ( x )  0 for all x  R b) g (1) = e
c) g ' ( x ) = g ( x ) for all x  R d) range of g is  0,  )
Key; A, B, C
Hint f ( x) =
2
(
1 x
e − sin x − cos x ) and g ( x ) = e x
22. If f ( x) =| x − a |  ( x) , where  ( x) is a continuous function, then
A. f 1 (a+) =  (a) B. f 1 (a−) = − (a) C. f 1 (a+) = f 1 (a−) D. f 1 (a) does not exist
Key. A,B,D
 ( x − a) ( x) if xa
Sol. f ( x) = 
(a − x)  ( x) if xa
 f 1 (a+) = Ltx→a ( x − a)1 ( x) +  ( x) =  (a)
f 1 (a −) = Ltx→a (a − x)1 ( x) −  ( x) = − (a)
  1   1
 | x |    , | x | , n  N ,

f ( x) =     
| x| n
23. then, (where [.] denotes greatest integer function)
 1
 0, | x |=
n
A. f is differentiable everywhere B. f is continuous everywhere

C. f is periodic D. f is not an odd function
Key. A,B,C
1 1 1 1
Sol. If | x | 1 and | x | , then −1  [ ] 
n | x| | x| | x|
1
 1− | x || x | [ ] 1
| x|
 f ( x) = 0
1 1
If | x ||, then 0   1 and hence ( ) = 0 . Then f ( x) = 0
| x| ||
Hence f ( x) = 0 for all x  R
24. If f ( x) = 2+ | sin −1 x | , it is :
A. continuous no where B. continuous everywhere in its domain

C. differentiable no where in its domain D. not differentiable at x = 0
Key. B,D
Sol. f ( x) = 2 − sin −1 x if −1  x  0
2 + sin −1 x if 0  x  1
Hence f is continuous everywhere on the domain
−1
f '( x) = if −1  x  0
1 − x2
1
if 0  x  1
1 − x2
 f is not differentiable at x = 0
25. f ( x) = cos  (| x | +[ x]), then f is (where [.] denotes greatest integer function)
A. continuous at x = 1/ 2 B. continuous at x = 0
C. differentiable in (−1, 0) D. differentiable in (0,1)
Key. A,C,D
Sol. f ( x) = − cos  x if −1  x  0
1 if x = 0
 cos  x if 0  x  1
 f is not continuous at x = 0
26. If sin −1 x+ | y |= 2 y then y as a function of x is
A. defined for −1  x  1 B. continuous at x = 0

dy 1
C. differentiable for all x D. such that = for x  0
dx 3 1 − x 2
Key. A,B,D
Sol. If y  0 then 3 y = sin −1 x

if y  0 then y = sin −1 x
sin −1 x
if −1    0
Thus y = { 3
sin −1 x if 0   1
y is not differentiable at x = 0
27. Which is discontinuous at x = 1

1 1
(A) g ( x ) = lim (B) f ( x ) =
n→ 1 + n sin 2 ( x ) 1 + 2 tan x
 
 1 
1− x 
x −1
(C) h ( x ) = 2 −2 , x  1 and h (1) = 1 (D)  ( x ) = , x  1 and  (1) = 1
 
x − 1 + 2 ( x − 1)
2
Key. A,C,D
Sol. a) f ( x) is count at n =1
g ( 1+ ) g ( 1+ ) = 1  g ( x )
b) =0, is discontinuous at n =1
h ( 1+ ) = 1 
  h ( x)
h ( 1− ) = 0 
c) is discontinuous at n = 1
d)
L.L  RL   ( x) is discontinuous at n = 1
(C) f ( x ) = ( f (1) ) x  R , if ‘f’ is continuous

x
(D) f ( x ) is differentiable for all x  R
Key. A,B
Sol. (i)Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, lt f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) - (1)

x→a
x→a h→0
= lt f (a) + f (h)
h→0
= f ( a ) + lt f ( h )
x→0
= f ( a ) + f ( 0) = f ( a + 0)
= f (a)
(ii) f ( xe y ) = f ( x ) + f ( y )  f ( 0 ) = 0. f (1) - (1)

f ( x ) = f (1 + 1 + ........ = 1) = n. f (1) - (2)
0 = f ( 0 ) = f  m + ( − m )  = f ( m ) + f ( − m )
 f ( m ) = − f ( −m ) = − ( −m ) . f (1)
= m. f (1) - (3)
zero.
 p p p 
Then f  q. = f  + + ..............q times 
 q q q 
 p  p
= f + f   + ........q times
 
q q
 p
= q. f  
q
 f ( p ) = q. f ( p / q ) - (4)
 p. f (1) = q. f ( p / q )
p
 f ( p / q) = . f (1) - (5)
q
x
 (1 + 1 − t ) dt , if x  2
29. Let f ( x ) =  
0
 5 x + 1 if x  2 then
(A) f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 2 (B) f ( x ) is continuous but not differentiable at x
=2
(C) f ( x ) is differentiable every where
(D) The right derivative of f ( x ) at x =2 does not exist

Key. A,D
1 2 x
Sol. f ( x ) =  ( 2 − t ) dt +  t dt +  t dt
0 1 2
x2
= +1
2
 x2

 f ( x ) =  2 + 1, if x  2
 5 x + 1, if x  2

Clearly (1) , (4) are true.
30. If f ( x ) =  x  x in −1  x  2 here [.] denotes the greatest integer  x then f ( x ) is.
(A) discontinuous at x = 0 (B)continuous at x = 0

(C) discontinuous at x = 1 (D) not differentiable at x = 0
Key. B,C,D
− x if − 1 x  0
 0 if 0  x 1

Sol. f ( x) = 
 x if 1  x  2
 2 xif x = 2
Now verify the statements
31. Let f(x) be a non negative differentiable function such that f 1 ( x )  f ( x)x  0 and f (0) = 0
then
1
a) f (1) + f ( 2 ) = 0 b) f ( 2 ) = f  
2
c) f (1) − f ( 2 ) = 0 d) f (1) + f ( 2 ) = 3
Key. A,B,C
Sol. f 1
( x )  f ( x ) , let ( )
f 1 ( x ) − f ( x ) = K  f (x) = −K + Ke x = K ez − 1  0 x  0  K = 0
 f is a constant function but f(0) = 0
f  0
Consider a function f (x) = 1 − e − x

2
32. then
(A) f(x) is continuous at x = 0 (B) f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0
(C) f(x) is differentiable at x = 0 (D) f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0

Key. A,D
Sol. lim f (a + h) = lim 1 − e − (a + h) 2 when a = 0
h →0 h →0
= 0 = f(0)  continuous at x = 0
Clearly at x = 0
Tangents is y-axis
 f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0
3x 2 + 12 x − 1 , −1  x  2
33. f ( x) =  , then
 37 − x , 2  x  3
A) f is increasing on [−1, 2]
B) f is differentiable at x = 2
C) f does not attain absolute minimum in [−1, 2]
D) Absolute maximum value of f is 35
Key. A,D
Sol. Conceptual
  +  x + 1 − 3 where  x  = the greatest integer  x . Where f : R → R ,Then
Let f ( x ) = x
2
34.
a) f ( x ) is a many-one and into function b) f ( x ) = 0 for infinite number of values of x
c) f ( x ) = 0 for only two real values d) none of these
Key. A,B
f ( x ) =  x  +  x  + 1 − 3 =  x  + 2 x  − 1
2
Sol.
So, x = 1,1.1,1.2,...  f ( x ) = 0
Only integral values will be attained.
35. Let h( x) = min  x, x 2  for every real number x . Then
a) h is continuous for all x
b) h is differentiable for all x
c) h '( x) = 1 for all x  1
d) h is not differentiable at two values of x
Key. A,C,D
Sol. If x  x 2
Then, h( x) = x, x( x − 1)  0
 x  1 or x  0
 h '( x) = 1 .
and if x  x, x( x − 1)  0
2
 0  x 1
Then, h( x) = x 2 .
36. f ( x) = ( x − a) g ( x) where g ( x) is a continuous function then

(a) R f (a) = g (a) (b) L f (a) = − g (a)
(c) f is derivable at a (d) None of these
Key. A,B
f ( x) − f ( a ) f ( a − h) − f ( a ) − h g ( a − h)
Sol. L.H.D = Lt − = Lt − = lt − = − g (a)
x →a x−a h →o a−h−a h →o h
R.H.D=g(a)
37. Which of the following function(s) has/have removable discontinuity at x = 1.

x2 −1 x + 1 − 2x
1
1
A) f ( x ) = B) f ( x ) = 3 C) f ( x ) = 2 −21−x
D) f ( x ) =
ln x x −1 x2 − x
Key. B,D
Sol. (A) lim f ( x ) does not exist
x →1

(B) limf ( x ) =  f(x) has removable discontinuity at x = 1
x →1 3
(C) lim f ( x ) does not exist
x →1
−1
(D) lim f ( x ) =  f(x) has removable discontinuity at x = 1
x →1 2 2
38. A function f(x) satisfies the relation f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + xy (x + y)  x, y  R . If f ' ( 0) = −1 ,
then
A) f(x) is a polynomial function B) f(x) is an exponential function
C) f(x) is twice differentiable for all x  R D) f ' ( 3) = 8
Key. A,C,D
Sol. f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + xy (x + y)
f (h)
f(0) = 0  lim = −1
h →0 h
f (x + h) − f (x) f ( x ) + f ( h ) + xh ( x + h ) − f ( x ) f (h )
 lim = lim = lim + lim x ( x + h ) = −1 + x 2
h →0 h h →0 h h →0 h h →0
 f ' ( x ) = −1 + x 2
x3
 f (x) = −x+c
3
 f(x) is a polynomial function, f(x) is twice differentiable for all x  R and
f ' ( 3) = 32 − 1 = a
x
39. Let f ( x ) =  t + 1 dt , then
−2
A) f(x) is continuous in [- 1, 1] B) f(x) is differentiable in [- 1, 1]

C) f ' ( x ) is continuous in [- 1, 1] D) f ' ( x ) is differentiable in [- 1, 1]
Key. A,B,C,D
x
Sol. f (x) =  t + 1 dt
−2
−1 x
= −  ( t + 1) dt +  ( t + 1) dt
−2 −1
x
1  t2  x2
= + + t = + x + 1 for x  −1
2 2  −1 2
f(x) is a quadratic polynomial
 f(x) is continuous as well as differentiable in [- 1, 1]
Also f ' ( x ) is continuous as well as differentiable in [- 1, 1]
40. f (x) =
x + 1  5 1 
for f : 0,  →  ,3 , where [.] represents greatest integer function and { . }
x + 1  2 2 
represents fractional part of x, then which of the following is true.
A) f(x) is injective discontinuous function
B) f(x) is surjective non differentiable function
(
C) min min f ( x ) , lim f ( x ) = f (1)
x →1− x →1+
)
D) max(x values of point of disconutinuity) = f(1)
Key. A,B,D
 1
x +1 , 0  x 1

 2
Sol. f (x) , 1 x  2
 x
 3 5
 x −1 , 2  x  2

Clearly f(x) is discontinuous and bijective function

1
Limf
−
x →1
(x) =
2
Lim+ f ( x ) = 2
x →1
(
min Limf ( x ) Limf
x →1 −
(x) =
x →1
) 1
2
 f (1)
max(1, 2,) = 2 = f(1)
41. If f(x) = 0 for x < 0 and f(x) is differentiable at x = 0, then for x > 0, f(x) may be
A) x 2 B) x C) sin x D) −x 3/ 2
Key. A
Sol. both x 2 , − x 3/ 2 have their RHL = 0 and RHD = 0

Assertion Reasoning Type
A) Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is true and statement 2 is correct explanation for statement 1
B) Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is true and statement 2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement
1
C) Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false
D) Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true
1. Statement-I:- Let f ( x) = cos x and g ( x) = sin x , then f (x)= g (x) for atleast one point in
( 0,  / 2 )
Statement-II:- If f and g are continuous an  a, b  and
f ( a)  g ( a) and f ( b)  g ( b) , then f ( x0 ) = g ( x0 ) for atleast one x0  a, b
Key. A
Sol. Statement I is true, because f ( / 4 ) = g ( / 4 )
Statement II is also true and it is correct explanation of I.
If either f ( a) = g ( a ) or f ( b) = g ( b) we are through.
If f ( a)  g ( a) and f ( b)  g ( b) .
Define Q ( x) = f ( x) − g ( x) for x  a, b 
Clearly Q ( x ) is continuous.
Q ( a) Q ( b)  0, By Intermediate property
Q ( x) = 0 for some x0 ( a, b) , hence the result.
 xif ' x ' is rational

2. Statement-I:- The function f ( x) =  is discontinuous at only one point
− xif xis Irrational
and continuous at all other points on R.
Statement-II:- The above function can be continuous at only one point in its domain and
discontinuous every where else.
Key. D
Sol. It is self explanatory.
1
3. Statement-I:- Given the function f (x) = the number of points of discontinuity of the
1- x
composite function y = f 3n (x), where f n (x) = fofof ...........of (n times) are 2
1
Statement-II:- If f (x) = , x ¹ 0, 1, then fofof (x) = x
1- x
Key. A
Sol. Conceptual
4.
Let
Statement-I: f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
Because
Statement-II: does not exist.

Key. C
Sol. exists and is equal to 1 but f(0) is not defined S-I is correct but S-II is incorrect
5.
Statement-1: Given the function the number of points of discontinuity of
the composite function where
is 2
Statement-2: If then
Key. A
Sol. Use for
6.
STATEMENT1 .
STATEMENT2 .
Key. D
Sol.
7. Suppose f : and are such that gof is onto and g is one- one. Then,
STATEMENT-1: f is onto
STATEMENT-2: g is a bijection
Key. B
Sol. Since gof is onto, g is onto. There fore S-2 is correct. To see that S-1 is correct, we observe
that for some
8.
Statement -1 : Let then the value of
Statement -2 : For the values of and are equal

Key. A
Sol. For and

Both I and II are true and II is the correct explanation of I
9. Statement - 1: If f is twice differentiable function and f (a) = 0, f (b) = 1, f (c) = −1, f (d) = 0
where a  b  c  d then the minimum number of roots of the equation
f ' (x) + f (x)f ''(x) = 0 in  a, d  is 4.
2
Statement - 2: If f is continuous in [, ] and f ()f ()  0 then r  (, ) such that
f (r) = 0 and if further function f is differentiable in (, ) and
f () = f () then   (, ) such that f '() = 0 .
KEY : A
HINT: Conceptual Question
10.
Consider the function
STATEMENT - 1 is not differentiable at and 1
STATEMENT - 2
Key. A
Sol.
]
11.
Statement (1) : If is continuous and differentiable in , where and ,
then is continuous at
and
Statement (2) : Every differentiable function at is continuous at
Key. D
Sol. Statement 1 :
Since
, which is clearly not continuous at

Statement (1): is false
Statement (2): is true (standard result)
12.
STATEMENT - 1 is discontinuous at all Integers , where
[.] denotes G.I.F
STATEMENT - 2 If a function is non-differentiable at a point then it may
be continuous at that point
Key. D
Sol.
is continuous at
13. Assertion (A) : There exists a function g : R ® R continuous at x = a satisfying
f (x)- f (a ) = (x - a )g (x)" x Î R
Reason (R) : f : R ® R is a differentiable function at x = a . Then f(x) is also continuous at

x= a
Key. A
f ( x ) − f ( )
Sol. lim g ( x ) = lim = f ' ( )
x → x → x −
f ( x ) − f ( )
Hence we can define g ( x ) = ;x 
x −
= f '(a ); x = a
Such that g(x) is continuous at x = 
 Statement II is correct explanation for Statement – I.
æ ö f (x)+ f ( y )+ f (0)
14. Assertion (A) : f : R ® R is a continuous function and f çç x + y ÷÷= " x, y Î R
çè 3 ÷ ø 3
then f (x) is differentiable for all x Î R
Reason (R) : If f (x) is differentiable at x = 0, then f '(0) = l (finite)
Key. D
Sol. Using first principle
 3x + 3h 
f ( x + h) − f ( x)
f  − f ( x)
f ( x ) = lim
1
= lim  3 
h →0 h h →0 h
f ( 3x ) + f ( 3h ) + f ( 0 ) − 3 f ( x ) f ( 3h ) + f ( 0 )
= lim = lim = f 1 ( 0) = 
h →0 3h h →0 3h − 0
Since we have by letting 3x for x and y = 0 in given equation 3 f ( x ) = f ( 3x ) + 2 f ( 0 )
 Statement I is supported by II
sgn{x}
15. STATEMENT -1: Consider f (x) = where [.] and {} denotes integral and fractional
[x]
−1 x  0

part respectively and sgn(x) = 0 x = 0 then f(x) is discontinuous at x = n (n  I+).
1 x  0

because
STATEMENT-2: f(x) is said to be continuous at x = a if lim− f (x) = lim+ f (x) = f (a) .
x →a x →a
Key. A
Sol. at x = n, n  I+
sgn{n − h}
L.H.L = lim = not defined when n = 1
h →0 [n − k]
1
= , n 1
n −1
sgn{n + h} 1
R.H.L = lim =
h →0 [n + h] n
f(n) = 0
so f(x) is discontinuous at x = n (n  I+)

 x(2e1/ x − e −1/ x )
 x0
16. STATEMENT-1. : Consider f (x) =  3e1/ x − 4e −1/ x
 x=0
 0
then f(x) is continuous at x = 0
because
STATEMENT-2. : If a function f(x) is so defined that f '(a + ) and f '(a − ) are finite and
f '(a + )  f '(a − ) then f(x) must be continuous at x = a.
Key. A
Sol. Clearly at x = 0
LHL = 0 

RHL = 0   f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
f (0) = 0 
 2x − 1 
17. Statement – 1 : f ( x ) =  x  cos      where   denotes the greatest integer function, is
 2  
n
discontinuous at x = ,n  I − 1
2
Because
Statement – 2 : If the domain of f (x) is x  R − ( −1,1) then the domain of the function
 x 
f  sin x  cos  ( where   denotes the G.I .F ) is x   .
  x − 1 
Key. B
 2 x − 1
Sol. Statement – 1 : Case (i) f ( x ) = x cos   for x  N ,
 2 
f ( n ) = n cos ( n − 1) 
lim f ( x ) = n cos ( n − 1) 
x →n +
lim f ( x ) = ( n − 1) cos ( n − 1) 
x →n−
 Limit exists if cos ( n − 1)  = 0 which is not possible

 f ( x ) is discontinuous at all x  I
Case – II : when x is not an integer
2x −1 2m + 1 1
Let = m, m is integer then x = = m+
2 2 2
lim + f ( x ) = m cos ( m − 1)  , lim − f ( x ) = m cos m 
 1  1
x → m +  x → m + 
 2  2
1
 limit exists only when m = 0 i.e. x = Hencef ( x ) is discontinuous at
2
n
x = , n  I − 1
2
Statement – 2 : Verify domain of given function is x  Q
18. Statement – 1 : f(x) = [x] + [−x], where [.] greatest integer function is not continuous at an integral point
n.
Because
Statement – 2 : lim− f (x)  lim+ f (x)
x →n x →n
Key. C
Sol. LHL = [x – h] + [−n + h] = n – 1 – 1
RHL = [x + h] + [−n – h] = n – (n + 1) = −1
lt
19. Statement - 1: If f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = e and g ( x ) = e; then
x →a
lt  lt 
f ( g ( x ) ) can’t be equal to f  g(x)
x →a x →a 
lt
Statement - 2: If f ( x ) is continuous at x = e and g ( x ) = e then
x →a
lt  lt 
f (g ( x )) = f  g(x)
x →a x →a 
Key. D
lt lt
Sol. Statement 1 is incorrect because if g ( x ) and g ( x ) approach ‘e’ from the same
x →a x → a+
lt lt
side of e (say from right side). And f ( x ) = f ( e )  f ( x ) , then
x → e+ x → e−
lt f ( g ( x ) )
= f ( e+ ) = f ( e )
x →a
−1, x  0

Assertion (A) : f ( x ) =  0, x = 0 and g ( x ) = x (1 − x ) , then g ( f ( x ) ) is continuous at
2
20.
 1, x  0

x=0
Reason (R) : If f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = a,g ( f ( x ) ) is also discontinuous at that point
Key. C
Sol. Conceptual
Assertion (A) : cos x + ( x − 3) x − 4x + 3 is non-differentiable at x = 3
5 2
21.
Reason (R) : x − 4x + 3 is a non differentiable function.

2
Key. D
Sol. Conceptual
 x  + x −  x  , x  0
22. Let f ( x) =  , where [.] denotes the greatest integer function.
 sin x , x  0
Statement – 1 : f ( x ) is continuous everywhere.
Statement – 2 : f ( x) is a periodic function.
Key. C
Sol. Hence, f ( x) is continuous everywhere but non periodic function.
23. Statement – 1: x 3 is differentiable at x = 0

Statement – 2: |f(x) is differentiable at x = a then |f(x)| is also differentiable at x = a.
Key. C
Sol.
24. Statement – 1: f(x) = sin x + [x] is discontinuous at x = 0.

Statement – 2: If g(x) is continuous & h(x) is discontinuous at x = a, then g(x) + h(x) will
necessarily be discontinuous at x = a
Key. A
Sol. lim ( sin x +  x ) = 0
x →0+
lim ( sin x +  x ) = −1
x →0−
Limit doesn’t exist

lim ( f ( x ) + h ( x ) ) = lim f ( x ) + lim h ( x )
 f (a ) + h (a )
 f(x) + h(x) is discontinuous function
25. Statement – 1: f(x) = |x|, sin x is differentiable at x = 0

Statement – 2: If f(x) is not differentiable and g(x) is differentiable at x = a, then f(x). g(x) can
still be differentiable at x = a
Key. A
Sol. f(x) = |x| sin x
0 − h sin ( 0 − h ) − 0
L.H.D = lim
h →0 h
−h sinh
= lim =0
h →0 h
0 + h sin ( 0 + h ) − 0
R.H.D = lim
h →0 h
f(x) is differentiable at x = 0
26. Statement – 1 f(x) = |[x] x| in  [-1, 2], where [.] represents greatest integer function, is non
differentiable at x = 2
Statement – 2: Discontinuous function is always non differentiable
Key. A
Sol. f(2) = 4
f ( 2− ) = Lim−  x  x = 2
x →2
Discontinuous  Non. Differentiable
27. Statement – 1: Sum of left hand derivative and right hand devivative of f ( x ) = x 2 − 5x + 6 at x
= 2 is equal to zero
Statement – 2: Sum of left hand derivative and right hand derivative of f(x) = |(x – a)(x – b)| at
x = a (a < b) is equal to zero, (where a, b  R)
Key. A
 x 2 − 5x + 6 , x2
 2
Sol. Statement – 1 f ( x ) = − x + 5x = −6 , 2  x  3
 x 2 − 5x + 6 , x 3

 2x − 5 , x2

f ' ( x ) = −2x + 5 , 2  x  3
 2x − 5 , x 3

f ' ( 2− ) + f ' ( 2+ ) = −1 + 1 = 0
 ( x − a )( x − b ) , xa

Statement – 2 f ( x ) = − ( x − a )( x − a ) , a  x  b
 ( x − a )( x − b ) , xb

 2x − a − b , xa

f ' ( x ) = −2x + a + b , a  x  b
 2x − a − b , xb

 f ' ( a − ) = a − b, f ' ( a + ) = −a + b
 f '(a −) + f '(a + ) = 0
Statement – 2 explains statement 1.
28. Statement – 1: If f: R → R is a continuous function such that f(x) = f(3x)  x  R , then f is
constant function.
Statement – 2: If f is continuous at x = lim g ( x ) , then limf ( g ( x ) ) = f limg ( x )
x →a x →a
( x →a
)
Key. A
Sol. Statement – 2
( x →a
)
f limg ( a ) = f ( b ) = limf ( x ) = lim f ( g ( x ) ) = limf ( g ( x ) )
x −b g ( x )→b x →a

x →a
(
limf ( g ( x ) ) = f limg ( x )
x →a
)
 Statement is true
Statement – 1:
Since f is continuous on R
x x  x
and f ( x ) = f   = f  2  ...... = f  n 
3 3  3 
x
and lim =0
h → 3n
 x   x 
 lim f ( x ) = lim f  n  = f  lim  = f (0)
n → n →
3   x → 0 3n

 f is a constant function
 Statement is true
29. Statement – 1: If f is continuous and differentiable in (a -  , a +  ), where a,  R and   0 ,

then f ' ( x ) is continuous at x = a
Statement – 2: Every differentiable function at x = a is continuous at x = a
Key. D
 2 1
 x sin , x0
Sol. Statement – 1: f ( x ) =  x ,

 0 , x=0
Since lim f ( x ) = 0 , therefore, f(x) is continuous
x →0
1
x 2 sin −0
f ' ( 0 ) = lim x =0
x →0 x
 1 1
2x sin − cos , x0
f '( x ) =  x x , which is clearly not continuous at x = 0.

 0 , x=0
 statement is false
Statement – 2 is true (standard result)
30. Statement I : The function y = sin −1 (cos x) is not differentiable at x = n , n  Z , is particular at

x =
dy − sin x
Statement II : = so the function is not differentiable at the points where sin x = 0
dx | sin x |
Key. A
Sol. Reason is the solution of assertion.
1
31. Statement I : The function x tan is discontinuous at x = 0..
x
1
Statement II : The function x tan is not differentiable at x = 0.
x
Key. B
1
Sol. R.H.L = lim+ h tan   = lim it not exist
h →0 h
A is true
1
− sec2  
1  x
g ( x ) = tan    g ' ( x ) =
 x
2
x
g ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0 thus g ' ( x ) may not be −vex  ( −1,1)

Comprehension Type
Paragraph – 1
Let p ( x ) be a polynomial with positive leading coefficient and p ( 0) = 0 ; and
x
p ( p ( x) ) = x. p ( t ) dt ,  x  R. Then
0
1. Degree of the polynomial p ( x ) is_____
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 2

Key. D
p1 ( x )
2. is discontinuous at x =
x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) -1 (D) none of these

Key. A
3. If p (1) = 3; p ( −1) = 5 and g ( x ) is inverse of p1 ( x) then g1 ( 0) _______
1 1
(A) is equal to (B) is equal to (C) is equal to 8 (D) does not exist.
4 8
Key. B
Sol. (1) Degree of p ( x ) is 2
p1 ( x ) 2ax + b
(2) = is discontinuous at x = 0
x x
2ax
is discontinuous. We know if f is continuous and ' g ' is discontinuous then f + g is
x
discontinuous.
(3) p (1) = 3, p ( −1) = 5  a = 4, b = −1, p ( x) = 4 x 2 − x.
p1 ( x) = 8 x − 1, ' g ' is inverse of p1 ( x)
x +1 1 1
g ( x) = ; g ( 0) =
8 8
Passage-II
−2 if −1  x  0
 0 if 0  x  1

From graph, f ( x ) = 
1
 1 if 1  x  4
 −1 if 4  x  6
 the graph of f ( x) will be as follows.
3 (4,3)
(-1,2) 2
x-1
y=x+7
y=
y = - 2x
1 (6,1)
-1 0 (0,0) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Paragraph – 2
Let y = f ( x) be a continuous function for −1  x  6 such that f (0) = 0 and
(1) The graph of f 1 ( x) is made of line segments joined such that left end point is included
and right end point is excluded in each sub interval
(2) The graph starts at the point ( −1, −2 ) .
(3) The derivatives of f ( x ) , where defined, agrees with the step pattern as shown here.
f 1 ( x)
x
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
-1
-2
Using the above information answer the following.
4. The range of f ( x ) is _____
(A)  −1,3 (B) ( 0,3) (C)  0,3 (4) (0,3]

Key. C
5. Number of integral roots of the equation f ( x) = 1 is
(A) exactly 3 (B) exactly 4 (C) exactly 2 (D) none

Key. C
6. The set of points of discontinuities of f 1 ( x) in its domain are
(A)  0,1, 4 (B) 1, 4,6 (C)  0,1, 4,6 (D) none
Key. A
Sol. (4) Clearly range =  0,3
(5) y = 1 intersect the graph at '3' points. Hence 3 – solutions.
(6) Points of discontinuities are 0,1, 4 
Paragraph – 3
n
log ( 2 + x) + x 2 sin x
For x  0; let f ( x) = l t
n→ n
1 + x2
Answer the following questions.
7. lt f ( x) is equal to
x → 0+
(A) 0 (B) log e3 (C) loge 2 (D) does not exist

Key. C
8. at x = 1,' f ' _______
(A) continuous
(B) discontinuous
(C) both continuous and differentiable
(D) continuous but not differentiable.
Key. B
9. In  0,  / 2 , the number of points at which ' f ' vanishes is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Key. A
 n 
Sol. (7) Case(i):- Let 0  x  1 then f ( x) = log(2 + x)  l t x 2 = 0
 n→ 
1
(8) Case(ii):- Let x = 1, f ( x) = ( log3 + sin1)
2
(9) Case(iii):- If x  1, then
 log ( 2 + x) 
n  + sin x 
log ( 2 + x) + x 2 sin x
n
 x 2 
lt n
= l t
n→ n→ 1
1 + x2 +1
2n
x
 log ( 2 + x) if 0  x  1
 1 if x =1  1 
 f ( x) =  ( log 3 + sin1) = sin x. lt n
= 0
2  n→ x 2 
 sin x if x 1
All the 3-results obviously follows.
Paragraph – 4
10.
The value of
A) 1 B) 0 C) D)
11. The value of g(0) is
A) 0 B) C) 2 D) 1
12.
The domain of function
A) B)
C) D)
Sol. 10. (B) Here put
Then
Hence ,
From (1) ,(2) and (3), we have
Hence
11. (C)
12. (C)
is defined if
Paragraph –5
A function is said to be continuous at if . i.e.,
. When is not continuous at we say that is iscontinuous at

.
13.
If , then number of point(s) where is discontinuous is
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) infinitely many
14.
A) B)
exists and it equals exists and it equals
C) does not exists because D) exists and it equals 1/2
15.
In order that the function is continuous at , must be defined as
A) 0 B) e C) 1/e D) 1
Sol. 13. (D)
is discontinuous at
14. (C) , as and
15. (B)
Paragraph – 6
Let be the roots of and then evaluate

the following limits:

16.
is
A) B) C) D)
17.
is
A) B) C) D)
18.
If are the roots of , then
A) B) C) D)
Sol. 16. (A)
17. (B)
18. (C)
Paragraph – 7
A real function f has the intermediate value property on an interval I containing [a, b] if
f(a) < v < f(b) or f(b)< v < f(a) ; that is, if v is between f(a) and f(b), there is between a
and b some c such that f(c) = v.
19. Which of the following statements is false?
A) Any continuous function defined on a closed and bounded interval [a, b]
possesses intermediate value property on that interval.
B) If a function is discontinuous on [a, b] then it doesn’t possess intermediate
property on that interval.
C) If f has a derivative at every point of the closed interval [a, b], then f takes
on every value between f(a) and f(b) .
D) If f has a derivative at every point of the closed interval [a, b], then f ' takes
on every value between f '(a) and f '(b) .
Key. B
Sol. A) is well known to be true.
C) is true because then f become continuous
D) is known as Darboux’s theorem although derivatives are not continuous they still enjoy
intermediate value property
B) is false .There are discontinuous functions enjoying intermediate value property .Consider f
 2 2
on the interval  − , 
  
1
f ( x ) = sin , x  0
x
= 0, x = 0
 2 2
On the interval  − ,  , this function takes on all values between f ( −2 /  ) and f ( 2 /  ) that
  
is between -1, and 1 an infinite number of times as x varies from −2 /  to −2 /  but f is not
continuous at this interval being discontinuous of x = 0
20. Consider the statements P and Q

P: If f : (a, b) → R is continuous, then given x1,x 2 ,x 3 ,x 4 in (a, b), there exist
1
x 0  (a, b) such that f(x 0 ) = (f(x1 ) + f(x 2 ) + f(x 3 ) + f(x 4 )) .
4
Q: If f and g have the intermediate value property on [a, b], then so has f+g on
that interval. Which of the following is correct?
A) P is false but Q is true B) P is true but Q is false
C) Both P and Q are false D) Both P and Q are true
Key. B
Sol. Put m = min f ( x1 ) , f ( x 2 ) ........f ( x n )
M = max f ( x1 ) ,.....f ( x n )
Then m 
1
n
( f ( x1 ) + f ( x 2 ) + ........ + f ( x n ) )  M
Then  x 0  (a, b) such that
( f ( x1 ) + f ( x 2 ) + ...... + f ( x n ) )
1
f (x0)=
x
So P is true, But Q is false so the counter example.
1
Define f ( x ) = sin ,a  x  b
x −a
0 , x=a
1
And g(x) = - sin , axb
x−a
= 1 , x=a
f and g have intermediate value property from [a,b] but f + g doesn’t have.
21. Consider the statements P and Q

P: For a non zero polynomial p, the equation p(x) = ex has at least one
solution.
Q: There exists a continuous function f : R → R which attains each of its values
exactly two times.
A) P is false but Q is true B) P is true but Q is false
C) Both P and Q are false D) Both P and Q are true
Key. B
Sol. Let f (x) = e − x p ( x )
lim
x → e − x p ( x ) = 0 and lim
x → e− x p ( x ) = 
Then f  x 0  such that f(x0) = 1
 e− x0 p ( x 0 ) = 1, P ( x ) = e x0
Then p is true
Q is false ( proof by contradiction)
Suppose that f is a continuous function that attains each of its values exactly twice.Let x1 , x 2
be such that f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) = b ,then f (x)  b for x  x1, x2.
On (x1,x2) assume f (x) > b, (similar analysis will hold for f (x) < b), Let x0 be the point which f
attains its maximum on  x1 , x 2  .There can be exactly one such x0. For it there are more, say 2
points at which the function attained its maximum value on  x1 , x 2  , then f should assume
some values more than twice in  x1 , x 2  , But the function is for bidden to do so
Again, outside  x1 , x 2  , there is exactly one point x0 such that c = f ( x 0 ) = f ( x '0 )  b
The intermediate value property implies that every value in (b,c) is attained at least three times.
A contradiction.
Paragraph – 8
L’ Hopital’s rule has many versions. One of them is this.
Suppose f, g: (a, b) → R are differentiable on (a, b). Suppose further that
(i) g '(x)  0 for x  (a, b) (ii) lim+ g(x) →  (or − )
x →a
f '(x) f(x)
(iii) lim+ =L Then lim+ =L
x →a g '(x) x →a g(x)
(This rule can be extended to cover the case when a or b tends to infinity or L tends to
infinity)
22. Let f be a differentiable function on (o, )

     
If lim  sin   .f(x) + f '(x)  = sec   , then lim f(x) equals
x →
  10   5 x →
1 3+ 5
A) B) 4 C) 3 − 5 D)
4 4
Key. B
Sol. If Lim
x → ( a f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) ) = l then Lim
x→ f (x) = l/a , a > 0
eax f ( x ) Lim e ( a f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) )
ax
We have Lim
x → f (x) = Lim
x → = x → = l/a
eax aeax
23. Let f be a differentiable function on (0, ) .

   
If lim  tan   .f(x) + 2 xf '(x)  = cot , then lim f(x) equals
x →
 8  12 x →
A) 8− 6+ 4− 3 B) 8+ 6− 4− 3
C) 3+ 4+ 6+ 8 D) 8− 6− 4+ 3
Key. C
a
ea x {f ' ( x ) + f (x)
ea x f ( x )
Sol. Lim
x → f (x) = Lim
x → = Lim
x →
2 x
ea x a
ea x
2 x
= Lim
x →
1
a
(
af ( x ) + 2 xf ' ( x ) =
l
a
)
24. Let f be three times differentiable on (0, ) and such that f(x)  0,f '(x)  0,f "(x)  0 for x >
0
f '(x)f '''(x)  xf ''(x)
If lim 2
= tan , then lim equals
x → (f "(x)) 12 x → f '(x)
3 −1 3 +1
A) 2 + 3 B) 2 − 3 C) D)
2 2
Key. D
f '( x ) 
'

x − 
 f ' ( x )  Lim  f '' ( x ) 
1 −  = x →
Lim
Sol.
 xf '' ( x ) 
x →
x
f ' ( x ) f ''' ( x )
= Lim =c
( f '' ( x ) )
x → 2
f '( x )
Then Lim
= 1− c
xf '' ( x )
x →
Paragraph – 9
At x = c, a function f is said to have
Lim
(i) Removable discontinuity if x→c f ( x) exists but not equals to f (c)
(ii) Jump discontinuity if f (c +), f (c −) exist but not equal
(iii) Infinite discontinuity if f (c−) or f (c+) or both fail to exist
Answer the following
 x 2 + 5 if x2

25. f ( x) =  10 if x = 2 . Then x = 2 is
 3 if
1 + x x2
A. a point of continuity B. a removable discontinuity
C. a jump discontinuity D. an infinite discontinuity
Key. B
Sol. f (2−) = 9 f (2+) = 9 f (2) = 10
 x+7 if x  −3
| x−2| if −3  x  −1

26. g ( x) =  then g has
2
x − 2x if −1  x  3
 2x − 3 x3
 if
A. jump discontinuity at x = −1 B. infinite discontinuity at x = 3
C. jump discontinuity at x = −3 D. Removable discontinuity at x = −1
Key. C
Sol. f ((−3)−) = 4, f ((−3+) = 1 f (−3) = 1

 f has jump discontinuity at x = −3
Paragraph – 10
denotes left hand derivative at x = a and denotes right hand derivative at
x = a. If , then f is derivable at x = a. otherwise f is not derivable at x=a

27.
A) 0 only B) C) D)
only Both 0 and
28.
A) Continuous but not differentiable

B) Differentiable but not continuous
C) Both differentiable and continuous
D) Not differentiable and not continuous
29.
then f(x) is
A) Differentiable at x=0
B) Continuous at x=0
C) Both differentiable and continuous at x=0
D) Neither differentiable nor continuous at x=0
Sol. 27. (B) and

28. (D) L.H.L R.H.L at x=2
Not continuous
not differentiable
29. (D) Graph of f(x) broken at x=0
Paragraph – 11
Let a real valued function f be defined by the setting
where is a non-zero integer.

30. The set of all values of for which is continuous at the origin is
A) B) C) D)
31. The set of all values of for which is differentiable at the origin is
A) B) C) D)
32.
The set of all values of for which is continuous at the origin is
A) B) C) D)
Sol. 30. (A)
As , the above limit tends to zero when .

31. (A)
From the reasoning similar to that in the previous question .

32. (C)
It easily follows on the lines of above two questions that for to be continuous at origin
.
Paragraph –12
A real valued function f satisfies the following conditions
(i) for all ( where a is a constant)
(ii) (iii) (iv)

33.
The value of equals
A) B) 0 C) 1 D) a
34.
equals
A) B)
C) D)
35.
A) B) 1 C) 0 D) e
Sol. 33. (A) Put and in (i).
Then
Again choosing in ( i ),we get
Put and in ( i ) to get
34. (C)
35. (B)
Paragraph –13
It can be shown that if f ( x ) is continuous at 0 then x f ( x ) is differentiable at x = 0. by
changing origin, we can say that if f ( x ) is continuous at a then ( x − a ) f ( x − a ) is
differentiable at x = a
x sin x
36. The largest set over which is differentiable is
1− x
2
a) R − 0,1, −1 b) R c) R − −1,1 d) None

Key. C
The number of points where the function ( x − 3) x − 7x + 12 + cos x − 3 is not
2
37.
differentiable is
a) one b) two c) three d) infinite
Key. A
38. ( )
Let f ( x ) = x , g ( x ) = sin x , h ( x ) = g ( x ).f g ( x ) , then
a) h ( x ) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
b) h ( x ) is continuous and differentiable everywhere.
c) h ( x ) is continuous everywhere and differentiable only at x = 0
d) None of these
Key. B
Sol. 36. At x = 1, −1 its not differentiable
37. At x = 4 its not differentiable.
38. h ( x ) = sin x sin x
Check only at x = n
LHD = RHD = 0
Paragraph –14
 1
  x  , −2x −
Let a function of defined as f ( x ) =  2
, where [ . ] denotes greatest integer
1
2x 2 − 1 , −  x  2
 2
function. Answer the following question by using the above information.
39. The number of points of discontinuity of f(x) is
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) N. O. T
Key. B
Sol.
Two pt of discount. – 1, -1/2

40. The function f(x – 1) is discontinuous at the points
1 1 1
A) −1, − B) − ,1 C) 0, D) 0, 1
2 2 2
Key. C
Sol.
41. Number of points where |f(x)| is not differentiable is

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
Key. C
Sol.
At – 1, - ½, 1/ 2 the function is not differentiable
Paragraph –15
 ax 2 + b , 0  x 1

Consider two function y = f(x) and y = g(x) defined as f ( x ) =  2bx + 2b , 1  x  3 and
( a − 1) x + 2a − 3 , 3  x  4

 cx + d , 0  x  2
2

g ( x ) dx + 3 − c , 2  x  3
x2 + b + 1 , 3  x  4

42. f(x) is continuous at x = 1 but not differentiable at x = 1, if
A) a = 1, b = 0 B) a = 1, b = 2 C) a = 3, b = 1 D) a and b
are integers
Key. C
Sol. lim f ( x ) = a + b
h →1−
lim f ( x ) = 4b
h →1+
For continuity a + b = ab i.e. a = 3b …(i)

f (1 + h ) − f (1) 2b (1 + h ) + 2b − ( a + b ) 3b − a + 2bh
f ' (1+ ) = lim+ = lim+ = lim+ = 2a
h →0 h h →0 h h →0 h
f (1 − h ) − f (1) a (1 − h ) + b − a − b
2
a ( −2h + h 2 )
f ' (1− ) = lim+ = lim+ = lim+ = 2a
h →0 −h h →0 −h h →0 −h
2a + 2b, a  b
43. g(x) is continuous at x = 2, if

A) c = 1, d = 2 B) c = 2, d = 3 C) c = 1, d = - 1 D) c = 1, d =
4
Key. A
Sol. lim g ( x ) = lim− cx 2 + d = 4c + d
x → 2− x →2
lim g ( x ) = lim+ ( dx + 3 − c ) = 2d + 3 − c
x → 2+ x →2
g(2) = 4c + d
 4c + d = 2d + 3 – c
 d = 5c – 3
44. If f is continuous and differentiable at x = 3, then
1 2 2 1 1 2 1
A) a = − , b = B) a = , b = − C) a = , b = − D) a = 2, b =
3 3 3 3 3 3 2
Key. D
Sol. lim f ( x ) = 8b, lim+ f ( x ) = 3 ( a − 1) + 2a − 3 = 5a − 6
x →3− x →3
Since f(x) is continuous at x = 3

 8b = 5a – 6
f ( 3 + h ) − f ( 3) ( a − 1)( 3 + h ) + 2a − 3 − 8b
f ' ( 3− ) = lim+ = lim+
h →0 h h → 0 h
Since f is differentiable at x = 3
 lim ( a − 1)( 3 + h ) + 2a − 3 − 8b = 0 i.e. 5a - 8b – 6 = 0
h → 0+
 f ' ( 3+ ) = a − 1
thus a – 1 = 2b …(ii)
1
from (i) and (ii), we get a = 2, b =
2
Paragraph –16
Let hand derivative and Right hand derivative of a function f(x) at a point x = a are defined as
f (a ) − f (a − h ) f (a + h ) − f (a )
f ' ( a − ) = lim+ = lim− and
h →0 h h →0 h
f (a + h ) − f (a ) f (a ) − f (a − h ) f (a ) − f ( x )
f ' ( a + ) = lim+ = lim_ = lim+ respectively.
h →0 h h →0 h x →a a−x
Let f be a twice differentiable function.

45. If f is odd, which of the following is Left hand derivative of f at x = - a
f (a − h ) − f (a ) f (h − a ) − f (a )
A) lim B) lim
h →0 −
−h h →0 −
h
f (a ) + f (a − h ) f ( − a ) − f ( −a − h )
C) lim D) lim
h →0+ −h h → 0− −h
Key. A
f ( −a + h ) − f ( −a ) −f ( a − h ) + f ( a ) f (a − h ) − f (a )
Sol. L.H.D = lim+ = lim− = lim−
h →0 h h →0 h h →0 −h
46. If f is even which of the following is Right hand derivative of f ' at x = a.

f ' ( a ) + f ' ( −a + h ) f ' ( a ) + f ' ( −a − h )
A) lim B) lim
h → 0− h h → 0+ h
− f ' ( − a ) + f ' ( −a − h ) f ' ( a ) + f ' ( −a + h )
C) lim D) lim
h →0 −
−h h →0 +
−h
Key. A
Sol. If f is even, then f ' ( −x ) = −f ' ( x )
f '(a − h ) − f '(a ) f '(a ) − f ' (a − h ) f ' (a ) + f ' ( h − a )
 f ' ( a + ) = lim− = lim− = lim−
h →0 −h h → 0 h h → 0 h
f ( −x ) − f ( −x − h ) f (x) − f (x − h)
47. The statement lim = lim implies that
h →0 h h →0 −h
A) f is odd B) f is even
C) f is neither odd nor even D) nothing can be concluded
Key. B
f ( −x ) − f ( −x − h ) f (x) − f (x − h)
Sol. lim = f ' ( − x ) and lim = −f ' ( x )
h →0 h h → 0 −h
 f ' ( −x ) = −f ' ( x )
 f ' ( x ) is an odd function
 f is an even function
Paragraph –17
There are two systems S1 and S2 of definitions of limit and continuity. In system S1 the
definition are as usual in system S2 the definition of limit is as usual but the continuity is
defined as follows:
A function f(x) is defined to be continuous at x = a if
(i) lim f ( x ) − lim f ( x )  1 and
x →a − x →a +
(ii) f(a) lies between the values of lim f ( x ) and lim f ( x ) if lim f ( x )  lim f ( x ) else
x →a − x →a + x →a − x →a +
f ( a ) = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x )
x →a x →a
Read the above passage carefully and answer the following

 x + 2.7 , x  0  3x + 3 , x0
 
48. If f ( x ) =  2.9 , x = 0 and g ( x ) =  2.8 , x = 0 , then consider statements
 2x + 3 , x  0 − x 2 + 2.7 , x  0
 
(i) f(x) is discontinuous under the system S1
(ii) f(x) is continuous under the system S2
(iii) g(x) is continuous under the system S2
Which of the following option is correct
A) Only (i) is true B) only (i) and (ii) are true
C) only (ii) and (iii) are true D) all (i), (ii), (iii) are true
Key. D
 x + 2.7 , x = 0  3x + 3 , x0
 
Sol. If f ( x ) =  2.9 , x = 0 and g ( x ) =  2.8 , x =0
 2x + 3 , x  0 − x + 2.7 , x  0
2
 
Then lim f ( x ) = 2.7, lim f ( x ) = 3
x → 0− x → 0+
 |3 – 2.7| 0.3 < 1 and f(0) = 2.9 lies in (2, 7, 3)

 f(x) is continuous under the system S2
g(x) is also continuous under the system S2
under system S1 , since lim f ( x ) does not exist
x →0
 f(x) is not continuous

 (i), (ii) and (iii) all are true
49. If each of f(x) and g(x) is continuous at x = a in S2 , then in S2 which of the following is
continuous
A) f + g B) f – g
C) f . g D) None of these
Key. D
 x + 2.7 , x  0  3x + 3 , x0
Sol. 
Let f ( x ) =  2.9 
, x = 0 and g ( x ) =  2.9 , x=0
 2x + 3 , x  0  − x 2 + 2.75 , x  0
 4x + 5.7 , x0

 ( f + g )( x ) =  5.8 , x=0
 2x − x + 5.75 , x  0
2
 lim ( f + g )( x ) = 5.7 and lim+ ( f + g )( x ) = 5.75

x → 0− x →0
 lim ( f + g ) − lim+ ( f + g ) = 0.5  1 is satisfied

x → 0− x →0
 (f + g) (0) = 5.8 which do not lie in (5. 7, 5.75)

 f + g is not continuous
Similarly we can show that f – g and f.g are not continuous under S2
50. Which of the following is incorrect

A) a continuous function under the definition in S1 must also be continuous under the
definition in S2
B) A continuous function under the definition in S2 must also be continuous under the
definition in S1
C) A discontinuous function under the definition in S1 must also be discontinuous under the
definition in S2
D) A discontinuous function under the definition in S1 must be continuous under the definition
in S2
Key. B
Sol. A function continuous under system S2 may not be continuous under system S1
Paragraph –18

b sin −1 x + c , if − 1  x  0
 2 2
 1 1
Let a function f ( x) be defined by f ( x ) =  , if x = 0 , it is given that c  .
 2 2
 2ax
 e − 1 , if 0  x  1
 x 2
Answer the following
51. f ( x) may be continuous for

1 1
A) a =1 B) a=− C) a= D) a=2
2 2
Key. A
52. If f ( x) is differentiable at x = 0, if
A) 16b = 4 − c B) 64b = 4 − c C) 4b2 = 4 − c 2 D) 16b2 = c 2 + 4
2 2 2 2
Key. C
53. If f ( x) is differentiable at zero, then in addition to the conditions imposed on a, b, c described
in a, b, c described in (58) and (59) above, we must have
1 −1 1 1 −1 1
D) c = sin ( 2b )
−1
A) c = sin B) c = 2sin C) c = sin
2 2b 2b 2b
Key. B
Sol. 51. At x=0,
c a
L.H.L = b sin −1 R.H.L=
2 2
1
for f(x) to be continuous at x=0 and f(0)=
2
L.H.L X =0 = R.H .L X =0 = f (0)
a 1 c
= = b sin −1  
2 2 2
a=1
52. f(x) need to be continuous first  a=1
now let f(x) be differentiable also at x=0,then
1 b b
L.H .D x =0 = = − − − − − −(1)
2  x+c
2
c2
1−   2 1−
 2  x =0 4
h
1
e2 −1 −
R.H .D x=0 = lim 2 = 1 − − − − − − − − − (2)
h →0 + h 2
b 1
(1) = (2)  =  4b 2 = 4 − c 2 .
c2 2
2 1−
4
53. If f(x) is differentiable at x=0,then

1 c  1 
= b sin −1    2sin   = c constant
2 2  2b 
Paragraph –19
It can be shown that if f(x) is differentiable at 0 then f(x) is continuous at 0. By changing
origin, we can say that if f(x) is continuous at a then (x-a) f(x-a) is differentiable at a.
x sin x
54. The largest set over which is differentiable is
1− x
2
A) R − {0,1, −1} B) R C) R − {1, −1} D) R − 1, 2

Key. C
55. The number of points where the function ( x − 3) x 2 − 7 x + 12 + cos x − 3 is not differentiable is
A) one B) two C) three D) infinite

Key. A
56. Let f(x) = x , g(x) = sin x and h(x) = g(x) f(g(x)), then
A) h(x) is continuous but not differentiable at 0.
B) h(x) is continuous and differentiable everywhere.
C) h(x) is continuous everywhere and differentiable only at x = 0.
D)None of these.
Key. B
x sin x
Sol. 54. By given fact is differentiable at zero.but it is certainly not continuous at x=1 and
1− x
2
x= -1 .
 Not differentiable at x=1,x=-1
55. f ( x) = ( x − 3) ( x − 3)( x − 4) + cos( x − 3)

 cos x − 3 = cos( x − 3) 
It is evident that f(x) is not differentiable at x = 4
56. It is clear that h(x) = sin x sin x
Whose differentiability is doubtful only at n .At any n , h(x)= − sin 2 x or sin 2 x
 R.H .D., L.H .D. vanish at x = n
 R.H .D = L.H .D
 h(x) is differentiable everywhere

Integer Answer Type
1. The function f ( x ) = x − 3x + 2 + cos x is not differentiable at how many values of x.
2
Key. 2
Sol. f ( x ) = x 2 − 3x + 2 + cos x
= ( x − 1) ( x − 2 ) + cos x
 x 2 − 3x + 2 + cos x, x  0
 2
 x − 3x + 2 + cos x, 0  x<1
f (x) =  2
− x − 3x − 2 + cos x,1  x  2
 x 2 − 3x + 2 + cos x, x  2

2x − 3 − sin x, x  0
2x − 3 − sin x, 0  x  1

f ( x ) = 
−2x + 3 − sin x,1  x  2
2x − 3 − sin x, x  2
it is clear f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1.
 f  (1− ) = −1 − sin1
and f  (1+ ) = 1 − sin1.
é 1ù é 1ù é 3ù
2. Let f (x) = [x ]+ êx + ú+ êx + ú+ êx + ú. Then no. of points of discontinuity of f(x)
êë 4 ú
û êë 2 úû êë 4 ú
û
in [0,1] is [ [.] denotes G.I.F]
Key. 4
é 1ù é 2ù é 3ù
Sol. [x ]+ êx + ú+ êx + ú+ êx + ú= [4 x ]
êë 4 ú
û êë 4 ú û êë 4 úû
1 2 3 4
\ f(x) = [4x] which will become discontinuous at x = , , ,
4 4 4 4
3. The number of two digits numbers ‘a’ whose sum of digits is 9 such that
 x − 2  3 
f ( x ) =    sin ( x − 2 ) + a cos ( x − 2 ) is continuous in  4, 6 is.
 a  
Here . denotes the greatest integer function
Key. 9
 ( x − 2) 3 
 a  = 0,
Sol. Clearly   x  4,6
( x − 2) 3 ( 8,64)  a  64  a = 72,81,90
No of values
4. If a Î (- ¥ , - 1)È (- 1, 0) then the number of points where the function
f ( x ) = x 2 + (  − 1) x −  is not differentiable is.

Key. 5
given f ( x ) = x + (  − 1) x − 
• Sol.
2
Take g ( x ) = x + (  − 1) x − 
•
2
•  f ( x ) = ( x − 1)( x +  )
• From graph it is clear that f ( x ) is not differentiable at ‘5’ points.
x(1 + a cos x) − b sin x

5. If the function f defined by f ( x) = if x  0 and f (0) = 1 is continuous
x3
at x = 0 then 2a − 8b =
Key. 7
x2 x3
x(1 + a(1 − + ....) − b( x − + .....
2 3
Sol. 1 = f (0) = Lim
x →0 f ( x ) = x →0
Lim
3
x
−a b
x(1 + a − b) + x3 ( + ) + x5 ( ) + .......
= x →0
Lim 2 6
3
x
−a b −5 −3
 1 + a − b = 0 and + =1 a = ,b = and 2a − 8b = 7
2 6 2 2
 x + y  f ( x) + f ( y )
6. If f  = for all x, y  R , f 1 (0) exists and equals to −1 and f (0) = 1 then
 2  2
5 − f (2) =
Key. 6
f (2 x) + f (2 y )
Sol. f ( x + y) = and f (2 x) = 2 f ( x) − 1 ( put y = 0)
2
f ( x + h) − f ( x )
Now f 1 ( x) = hLim
→0
h
f (2 x) + f (2h) − 2 f ( x) Lim f (2h) − 1
= hLim
→0 = h →0
2h 2h
= f 1 (0) = −1
/home/mod_jklog/mod_jk.log since f (0) = 1
 f ( x) = 1 − x and 5 − f (2) = 5 − (−1) = 6
7. The number of two digits numbers ‘a’ whose sum of digits is 9 such that
 x − 2  3 
f ( x ) =    sin ( x − 2 ) + a cos ( x − 2 ) is continuous in  4, 6 is.
 a  
Here . denotes the greatest integer function
Key. 9
 ( x − 2) 3 
 = 0,
 a  x  4,6
Sol. Clearly
( x − 2) 3 ( 8,64)  a  64  a = 72,81,90
No of values
8. If f(x) is twice differentiable function such that f(1) = 0, f(3) = 2, f(4) = −5, f(6) = 2,
f(9) = 0 then the minimum number of zero’s of g(x) = x 2f (x) + 2xf (x) + f (x) in the interval
(1,9) is
Key. (2)
Sol. f (x) = 0 has minimum three solution between (1,9)
1 3 4 6 9
f (x) = 0 has minimum two solution between (1,9)
Given equations
d
dx
(x 2 + 1)f '(x) = 0
r 1  A  B C
9. In ABC , = , then the value of 4 tan   tan + tan  must be
r1 2  2  2 2
Key. 2
r B C 1
Sol. = tan tan =
r1 2 2 2
A B C B C 1
tan  tan + tan  = 1 − tan tan =
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C
 4 tan  tan + tan  = 2
2 2 2
  1 
 2  x 
x  r ;x  0
10. Let f(x) =  r =0 ([.]denotes the greatest integer function)
k
 ; otherwise
2
The value of k such that f become continuous at x=0 is
Key. 1
1
 
 x   1 
Sol. In the vicinity of x=0,we have x 2  r = x 2 1 + 2 + 3 + ...   

r =0  x 
Use sandwich theorem
 1 
x 2 1 +   
  1  
x   1 
P = 1 + 2 + 3 +    =   
 
  x  2 x
So (1 − x )  P  (1 + x )
1 1
2 2
1
Then the limit is
2
11. Let f : (−, ) → [0, ) be a continuous function

such that f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + f(x)f(y), x, y  R. Also f ' ( 0 ) = 1 .
 f(4) 
Then   equals ( [g] represents greatest integer function)
 f(2) 
Key. 8
Sol. Rewrite the equation as
1 + f (x + y) = (1 + f (x) )(1 + f (y) )
Put g(x) = 1 + f (x) to get
g(x+y) = g(x) g(y)
As g(x)  1, the function n g(x) is defined.
Also continuous of f implies continuity of g
Let h(x) = n g(x), we get
h(x+y) = h(x) + h(y)
The only continuous solution of this is h(x) = kx
 f (x) = ekx − 1 , f ' ( 0 ) = 1 gives k = 1
12. Let f(x) = [x2] sin x,x  R , the number of points in the interval ( 0, 3 at which the function
is discontinuous is_____
Key. 6
Sol. f(x) = 0 0  x  1
= sin x 1 x  2
= 2sin x 2x 3
= 3sin x 3x2
= 4sin x 2  x  5 etc.
The function is discontinuous at x = 2, 3, 5,....... K where K is not a perfect
square.
Points of discontinuity (desired) = 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8
13. The number of integral solution for the equation x + 2y = 2xy is

Key. 2
x
Sol. 2y =
x −1
Since y is an integer 2y is even such that x and x − 1 are consecutive integers and hence the
only values of x that satisfy are 2 and 0.
14. The function f ( x ) = x 2 − 3x + 2 + cos x is not differentiable at how many values of x.

Key : 2
Sol : f ( x ) = x 2 − 3x + 2 + cos x
= ( x − 1) ( x − 2 ) + cos x
 x 2 − 3x + 2 + cos x, x  0
 2
 x − 3x + 2 + cos x, 0  x<1
f (x) =  2
− x − 3x − 2 + cos x,1  x  2
 x 2 − 3x + 2 + cos x, x  2

2x − 3 − sin x, x  0
2x − 3 − sin x, 0  x  1

f ( x ) = 
−2x + 3 − sin x,1  x  2
2x − 3 − sin x, x  2
it is clear f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1.
 f  (1− ) = −1 − sin1
and f  (1+ ) = 1 − sin1.

log(1 + x)1+ x 1
15. If the function f defined by f ( x) = − if x  0 is continuous at x = 0 , then
x2 x
6 ( f (0)) =
Key. 3
ln(1 + x)1+ x − x Lim (1 + x) ln(1 + x) − x
Sol. f (0) = Lim
x →0 = x →0
x2 x2
1 + ln(1 + x) − 1 1
= Lim
x →0 =  6 f (0) = 3
2x 2
16. A function f : R → R where R is a set of real numbers satisfies the equation

 x + y  f ( x ) + f ( y ) + f (0)
f = for all x, y  R . If the function is differentiable at x = 0 then show
 3  3
that it is differentiable for all x in R
 x + y  f ( x ) + f ( y) + f (0)
Sol. f −
 3  3
f ( 0 + h ) − f ( 0)
lim = exist .
h →0 h
 3x + 3h   3x + 0 
f (x − h) − f (x)
f −f  
lim = lim  3   3 
h →0 h h →0 h
1  f ( 3x ) + f ( 3h ) + f ( 0 ) f ( 3x ) + f ( 0 ) + f ( 0 )  1  f ( 3h ) − f ( 0 ) 
lim  −  = lim  
h →0 h
 3 3  h →0 h  3 
f ( 3h ) − f ( 0 )
= lim = f '( 0)
h →0 3h
 tan  x 2  
   + ax 3 + b , 0  x  1  26
17. If f ( x ) =  ax 2 is differentiable in [0, 2], then b = − . Find k12 + k 22
 2cos x + tan −1 x 4 k2
 , 1 x  2
{where [ ] denotes greatest integer function}.
Ans. 180
 ax 3 + b , 0  x 1
Sol. f (x) =  −1
2cos x + tan , 1 x  2
 3ax 2 , 0  x 1

f '( x ) =  1
−2 sin x + , 1 x  2
 1 + x2
As the function is differentiable in [0, 2]  function is differentiable at x = 1
 f ' (1− ) = f ' (1+ )
1 1
 3a =  a=
2 6
Function will also be continuous at x = 1
 lim f ( x ) = lim− f ( x )
x →1− x →1

 a + b = −2 +
4
1   13
 b = −2 − + = −  k1 = 6 & k 2 = 12  k12 + k 22 = 180 Ans.
6 4 4 6
 p 1
 x sin + tan x , x0
q
18. Let f ( x ) =  x be differentiable at x = 0, then find the least possible

 0 , x=0
value of [p + q], (where[.] represents greatest integer function)
Ans. 1
1
+ x tan x − 0
p q
x sin
Sol. lim x
x → 0+ x
 1 q 
= lim+  x p −1 sin + tan x  = 0 if p – 1 > 0 and q > 0 …(i)
x →0  x 
 1 q 
lim−  ( −1) x p −1 sin + tan x  = 0 if p – 1 > 0 and q > 0
p
…(ii)
x →0  x 
19. (i) If f ( x ) = sin −1 2x 1 − x 2 , then find the values of f ' (1/ 2 ) and f ' ( −1/ 2) .
(ii) If f ( x ) = cos −1 (1 − 2x 2 ) , then find the values of f ' (1/ 2 ) and f ' ( −1/ 2) .
−4
Ans.
3
 −1 1
− − 2sin x , −1  x  −
 2

Sol. (i) (
f ( x ) = sin −1 2x 1 − x 2 ) =

2
1 − x2
, −
1
2
x
1
2
 −2 1
 ,  x 1
 1 − x2 2
4 4
f ' (1/ 2 ) = , f ' ( −1/ 2 ) =
3 3
(ii) f ( x ) =  − cos −1 ( 2x 2 − 1) =  − cos −1 ( cos 2 ) , where x = cos , 0
 
  − 2 , 0
2 =  − 2cos x , 0  x  1
−1
= 
 − ( 2 − 2 ) ,      2cos x −  , −1  x  0
−1
 2
 2
 , 0  x 1
 1 − x2 1 4  1  −4
 f '( x ) =   f '  = , f ' −  =
 −2 , −1  x  0 2 3  2 3
 1 − x 2

Matrix-Match Type
1. Column – I Column – II
 x 2 + 3x + a; x  1
(A) The function f ( x ) =  (P) a = 3
 bx + 2; x  1
Is differentiable  x  R then
 1
 ; x 1
(B) The function f ( x ) =  x (Q) b = 5
 2
ax + b, x  1
Is differentiable every where
ax 2 − bx + 2 if x  3 35
(C) The function f ( x ) =  (R) a =
 bx 2 − 3; if x  3 9
Is differentiable every where then
 a + 3cos x
 , if x  0
2
 x
(D) If f ( x ) =  (S) b = 3/2
− 3b.tan    if x  0
   x + 3 
  
is continuous at x = 0 then ([.] denotes the greatest integer  x (T) a = −1/ 2
Key. A – p,q; B – s,t; C – r; D – p

Sol. DO yourself
 5e1/ x + 2
 ;x  0
2. let f ( x ) =  3 − e1/ x Now match column – I to column – II

 0; x=0
(a) y = f ( x ) is (p) continuous at x =0
(b) y = xf ( x ) is (q) discontinuous at x =0

(c) y = x 2 f ( x ) is (r) differentiable at x = 0
(d) y = x −1. f ( x ) is (s) non – differentiable at x = 0

(t) discontinuous and not differentiable at x=0
Key. A – q,s,t; B – p,s; C – p,r; D – q,s,t
Sol. Apply Def for all bits.
3. Match the following:

Column I Column II
(A) (p)
Is not differentiable at
(B) (q)
(C) (r)
(D) (s)
Key. (A) (p, q); (B) (p, q); (C) (r, s, p); (D) (r, s, p)
Sol.
f( x ) is not differentiable at
4. Match the Following:

Column I Column II
(A) (p) Continuous at
(B) (q) Discontinuous at
(C) (r) Differentiable at
(D) (s) Non- differentiable at
Key. (A) (p, s); (B) (p, r); (C) (p, s); (D) (q, s)
Sol.
(A)
not differentiable at
(B)
at
(C) but LHD and RHD are not finite
(D)

Column I Column II
(A) (p)
(where [.] denotes
G.I.F)
If
is continuous at , then (where [.]

denotes the greatest integer function)
(B) (q)
If is
continuous in
(C) If (r)
is continuous at , then
(D) (s)
If and f(x) is
continuous then
Key. (A) (p); (B) (q, r); (C) (q, s); (D) (r)
Sol. Conceptual

Column I Column II
(A) (p) Differentiable every where
(where [.] denote
G.I.F)
(B) (q) Not differentiable at
(where [.]
denote G.I.F)
(C) (r) Not differentiable at
(D) (s) Continuous at but not

(where [.] denote G.I.F) differentiable at
Key. (A) (p) (B) (q, r, s) ; (C) (s) (D) (q, r)

Sol.
1) We know that
Since every constant function is differentiable in its domain
is differentiable every where.
2)
Since is not differentiable at integral points
is not differentiable at
It is not differentiable at
3) (a finite quantity between )
is continuous at x = 0 and
Which does not exit
is not differentiable at x = 0
4) is continuous every where and [2 + x] is discontinuous at all integral values of x.
is discontinuous at x = 2
is not differentiable at x = 2

Column I Column II
(A) (p) a = 3
The function
is differentiable then
(B) (q) b = 5
The function is differentiable

everywhere, then
(C) (r)
The function is
differentiable everywhere then

(D) (s)
If then f(x) is differentiable for a=
Key. (A) (p, q) (B) (s) ; (C) (r) (D) (p, r)

Sol. Conceptual
8. Match the following lists:

List I List II
(A) (P)
(B) (Q)
(C) (R) 0
(D) (S)
Key. (A) (p); (B) (r); (C) (q); (D) (s)

Sol.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) Put x-1=h, as
9. Let f be a polynomial of degree 4 over reals satisfying

1
f '(0) = f '(1) = f '(−1) = 0 and f(0) = 4,f "   = −1
 2
Match the items in Column – I with those in Column II
Column – I Column - II
A) f(x)=0 has p) root at x = 2
B) 4 – f(x)=0 has q) root at x = 1
C) f '(x) +x - 1=0 has r) 2 equal real roots
D) x f '(x) – 4f(x) = 0 has s) no real roots
Key. A-S; B-R; C-Q,R; D-P

Sol. using the conditions , we get
f (x) = x 4 − 2x 2 + 4
10. Match the items in Column – I with those in Column - II

 x−12
e ,x  0
A) f(x) =  p) first derivative exists
 0,x = 0
 −x1
B) f(x) = e ,x  0 q) first derivative is continuous

 0, x  0
e x − e + x − ,x  (e, )
−1 1
C) f(x) =  r) second derivative exists

 0,x  (e, )
 2 1
x sin ,x  0
D) f(x) =  x s) second derivative is continuous
 0,x = 0
Key. A-p, q, r, s; B-p, q, r, s; C-p, q, r, s; D - r

1
2 − x2
Sol. (A) f '(x) = e ,x  0
x3
f (0 + h) − f (0)
By definition f '(0) = lim which can be shown to be zero.
h →0 h
 2 x−21
 e x0
so f '(x) =  x 3
 0 x=0

−1
2
ex
(Use lim = 0)
x →0 x
Then f '(x) is continuous on R

f "(0) = 0 can be shown
 − x12  4 23 
e  6 − 4 
f "(x) =  x x 

 0
We can also show that
 x−21
 ( )
f n (x) =  e p x , x  0
1
 0 ,x = 0
P being a polynomial.
(B) Similar to (A) . (B) also have both 1st and 2nd derivative and they are continuous.
(C) f1 (x) = g(x − e)
1
−
f 2 (x) = g( − x) where g(x) = e x
So f (x) = f1 (x)f 2 (x)

As f1, f2 have both 1st and 2nd derivatives existing and continuous, the function f also will.
(D) Only 1st derivative exists and its not continuous.
11. Match the items of Column – I with those of Column II

 1   2 8  
A) f(x) = x    +   + ........    ,x  0 p)1
x  x  x 
= 9k, x=0
The value of k such that f is continuous at x=0 is
([.]denotes the greatest integer function)
2
e1/ x
 2 1 
B) f(x) =  1 + xe−1/ x sin 4  ,x  0 q)2
 x 
= k, x=0
C) f: [0, ) → R ; r)3
x
 1
f(x) =  2 sin x + x sin  , x  0
 x
=k ,x=0
 1 − sin x n sin x 
 ( − 2x)2 . n(1 + 2 − 4 x + 4x 2 ) ;x  2
d) f: ( 0,  ) → R ; f(x) =  s)4
k 
;x =
 2

The value of 8 k such that f is continuous at x= is
2
Key. A-s; B-p; C-p; D-p
Sol. A) Use sandwich theorem
 1 + 2 + 3... + 8   1   2  8  1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 8 
x − 8     +   + ...... +    x  
 x  x x x  x 
 1 2 8
Taking limits find that lim x    +   + .... +    = 36
x →0   x  x x
( x)
x
C) u = 2sin x + x sin 1
nu = x n(2sin x + x sin 1 )
x
= x n
(
 2sin x + x sin 1 . x 
x  )
 x 
 
 2sin x 1
= x n x + x n  + sin 
 x x
= x n x + xg(x)
g is bounded
Then
lim u = lim n x + lim xg ( x )
x →0 x →0 x →0
=0+0
 u = e0 = 1
12. Column I lists some functions and Column II lists its properties. Match the items of
Column A with those of Column B.
n x − n− x
A) f(x) = lim −x
, xR P)Continuous at all points in its domain
n → n + n
x
1
B) f(x) = lim n 4n + x 2 n + , x  R − {0} Q) Discontinuous at finitely many
n → x2n
points in its domain
n( e n + x n )
C) f(x) = lim , x  0, x  R R) Not differentiable at finitely many
n → n
points in its domain.
D) f(x) = lim 2 n cos2 n x + sin 2 n x, x  R S) Not differentiable at infinitely many
n →
points in its domain.
Key. A-Q,R; B-P,R; C-P,R; D-P,S

Sol. a) f (x) = 1 x>0
=0 x=0
=-1 x<0
b)
1
The graph shown are y = x 2 , y = and y = 4
x2
  x n 
n + ln 1 +   
ln ( e n + x n )  e 
 
c) f(x) = Lim
h → = Lim
h →
h h
= 1, oxe
= lnx, x > e
d)
−3 −  3
d d d d
13. Match the following: -

(A) Number of points of discontinuity of f(x) = tan x – (p) 4 2
sec2x in ( 0,2) is
(B) Number of points at which (q) 3

f ( x ) = 2sin −1 x + tan −1 x + cot −1 x is non-differentiable
in (- 1, 1) is
(C) Number of points of discontinuity of (r) 2
y = sin x , x  0,2) where [ . ] represents greatest
integer function
(D) Number of points where (s) 1
y = ( x − 1) + ( x − 2 ) + x − 3 is non-differentiable
3 5
(t) 0
Key. A → r; B → t; C → r; D → q
 3
Sol. (A) tan 2 x is discontinuous at x = ,
2 2
 3
sec2 x is discontinuous at x = ,
2 2
 Number of discontinuities

(B) Since f ( x ) = sin −1 x + tan −1 x + cot −1 x = sin −1 x +
2
 f(x) is differentiable in (- 1, 1)  no. of points of non-diff. = 0
 
0 , 0x
2

1 
, x=
 2
(C) y = sin x  = 

0 , x
 2
−1 ,   x  2

 0 , x = 2

 points of discontinuity are ,
2
y = ( x − 1) + ( x − 2 ) + x − 3 is non differentiable at x = 3 only
3 5
(D)

(A) Number of points where the function (p) 0
  nx 
1 + cos 2  1  x  2
  
f ( x ) =  1 − x 0  x  1 and f(1) = 0 is
 sin x −1  x  0


continuous but non-differentiable
(B)  x 2 e1/ x , x0 (q) 1

f (x) =  , then f ' ( 0− ) =
 0 , x=0
(C) 1 (r) 2
The number of points at which g ( x ) = is not
2
1+
f (x)
1
differentiable where f ( x ) = , is
1
1+
x
(D) Number of points where tangent does not exist for (s) 3
the curve y = sgn ( x 2 − 1)
(t) 4
Key. A → q; B → p; C → s; D → p
 0 , 1 x  2

Sol. (A) f ( x ) =  1 − x , 0  x  1 continuous at x = 1 but not differentiable
− sin x , −1  x  0

h 2 e−1/ h − 0
(B) f ' ( 0− ) = lim− = lim− ( −he −1/ h ) = 0
h →0 −h h →0
1 x
(C) g(x) = =
1 + ( 2 + 2x ) 3x − 2
1
x
2
Thus the points where g(x) is not differentiable are x = 0, - 1, −
3
(D) vertical tangents exist at x = 1 and x = - 1 else where horizontal tangents exist.
 number of points where tangent does not exist is 0

(A) f ( x ) = x 3 is (p) Continuous in (- 1, 1)
(B) f (x) = x is (q) Discontinuous in (- 1, 1)

(C) f ( x ) = sin −1 x is (r) Differentiable in (0, 1)
(D) f ( x ) = cos−1 x is (s) Not differentiable atleast at one

point in (- 1, 1)
(t) Differentiable in (-1, 1)
Key. A → p,r,t; B → p,r,s; C → p,r,s; D → p,r,s
Sol. (A) f ( x ) = x 3 is continuous and differentiable
(B) f (x) = x is continuous

1 x
f '( x ) = . {does not exist at x = 0}
2 x x
(C) f ( x ) = sin −1 x is continuous
sin −1 x 1
f '( x ) = −1
, {does not exist at x = 0}
sin x 1 − x 2
(D) f ( x ) = cos−1 x is continuous

−1 x
f '( x ) = . {does not exist at x = 0}
1− x 2 x
16. Column I Column II

A) Let f : R → R is defined by the equation p) 1
f ( x + y ) = f ( x). f ( y ) x, y  R , f (0)  0, and f (0) = 2 ,
f '( x)
then is
f ( x)
 x2 −1
 , | x | 1
B) Let f ( x) =  4 then f ( x) is not q) −1
Tan −1 x,| x | 1

differentiable at ‘ x ’ is equal to
 x 2 + a, 0  x  1 3x + b, 0  x  1
C) Let f ( x) =  and g ( x) =  3 . r) 2
2 x + b, 1  x  2 x , 1  x  2
df
If exists then a =
dg
d3y  6 y 4 + 16 y 2 +  
D) If y = Tan(x+y) then = −  s) 3
dx3  y8 
 
then the value of
 3  ,  . is greatest integer function.
Key. A → r; B → p,q; C → q; D → s
f ( x + h) − f ( x )
Sol. A) f ' ( x) = lim
h→0 h
f ( x)  f (h) − f (0) ' f ' ( x)

lim = f ( x). f (0)  =2
h→0 h f ( x)
B) f(x) is not continuous at x = -1 and hence not differentiable at their points.
C) f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 if 1+a = 2+b ………..(1)
g(x) is differentiable at x = 1 if 3+b = 1 …………..(2)
from (1) & (2) b = -2 , a = -1
D)
dy sec 2 ( x + y ) 1 + y2
= =
dx 1 − sec 2 ( x + y ) 1 − (1 + y 2 )
dy 1
 = − 2 −1
dx y
d 2 y 2  −1  2 2
 2 = 3  2 − 1 = − 5 − 3
dx y y  y y
d 3 y  10 6  1   6 y 4 + 16 y 2 + 10 
 =  +  − − 1  = −  
dx3  y 6 y 4  y 2   y8 
   10 
 = 10    =   = 3.33 = 3
3  3 
17. Match the following functions with their continuity and differentiability
Column I Column II
A) f ( x) = xe−|x| p) Continuous for all x
x +1 −1
B) f ( x) = , f (0) = 0 q) differentiable at x = 0
x
1
C) f ( x) = xTan −1 , f (0) = 0 r) continuous at x = 0
x
1
D) f ( x) = 1
,f(0)=0 s) discontinuous at x = 0
1+ e x
Key. A → p,q,r; B → p,r; C → p,r; D → s

Sol. A)
f(x) is obviously continuous every where also
he− h − 0
 f (0) = lim+
'
=1
h →0 h
B)
1 + x −1
F(x) is continuous at ‘0’ since lim = 0 ,f(0)=0 but is not differentiable at ‘0’
x →0 x
h +1 −1
since lim does not exist
h →0 h
C)
lim f ( x) = 0, f (0) = 0
x →0
1
h tan −1
 f ( x) is continuous at 0 but f ' (0) = lim h =0
h →0 h
1  
 lim tan −1 = or −
h →0 h 2 2
 f ' (0) does not exist
D) lim+ f ( x) = 0, lim− f ( x) = 1
x→0 x→0
 f(x) is not continuous at 0
18. Match the following with their first derivatives:

Column –I Column-II
( 
)
A) sin −1 2 x 1 − x 2 ,  x  −

1 

2
p) 0
B) 2sin −1 ( ) ( )  1
1 − x + sin −1 2 x (1 − x ) ,  0  x  
 2
q) −
2
1 + x2
( )
C) sin −1 3x − 4 x3 , 0  x 
1
r)
3
2 1 − x2
2x 2
D) cos −1 for x  1 s) −
1 + x2 1 − x2
Key. A → s; B → p; C → r; D → q
Sol. (A) - s
 1 
Put x = sin  sin ce sin    − , −1
 2 
  − 
  − , 
 2 4 
 sin −1 ( sin 2 ) = sin −1 ( sin ( − − 2 ) ) = − − 2sin −1 x
dy −2
 =
dx 1 − x2
(B) – p
  
Proceed as in ( i )   , 
6 2
(C) – r
   
 Put x = sin  ,    0, 6  
  
(D) – q
      − 
   ,  or  − , 
4 2  2 4 
   
 2   ,   or  − , − 
2   2
 
 cos −1 ( sin 2 ) = cos −1  − 2 
2 

 − 2 tan −1 x
2
dy −2
 =
dx 1 + x 2
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JEE MAIN & ADV. QUESTION BANK

7. Let f : R + → R + be a function satisfying the relation f ( x. f ( y ) ) = f ( xy ) + x for all x, y  R + .

Sol. Given relation is f ( x. f ( y ) ) = f ( xy ) + x (1.56)

Hence lim = lim

(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 2 +1

11. lim ( x − log e (cosh x) ) =

 min ( sin x, {x}) 

 1 1/3  1 1/3 

18. If a  0, b  0 then lim   =

integer function and {} fractional part)

 (C) is the correct answer.

30. The value of lim

32. Let f ( x ) = lim n

Sol.  = 3.14, then  − 2  = −10

(A) 1 (B) 3/2 (C) 1/2 (D) 2

Now using the property that

where [.] is greatest integer function is equal to

 f has a jump (finite) discontinuity at x = 1

Hint: Since P"' ( x ) = 0

cos ( sin x ) − cos x

And log y = sin x.log x

(1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 7

(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) –1 (4) none of these

64. The value of where [.] represents greatest integral function, is

67. Let f : R + → R + be a function satisfying the relation f ( x. f ( y ) ) = f ( xy ) + x for all x, y  R + .

Hence lim = lim

(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 2 +1

Sol. LHL = RHL = 0

81. If a  0, b  0 then lim   =

85. lim ( x − log e (cosh x) ) =

87. If the normal to the curve y = f(x) at x = 0 be given by

f ( x ) is a polynomial function and ( f (  ) ) + ( f ' (  ) ) = 0 then the value of

lt f ( x )  f ' ( x )  f ' ( x )   lt  f ( x )  f ' ( x )  

sin x − (sin x)sin x

Limf ( x ) and Limg ( x ) both exist separately

(A) 1 (B)–1 (C) 7 (D) –7

(A) left hand limit is – 2 (B) left hand limit is -1

A) f ( x )  0 for x  0 and f ( x )  0 for x  0 B) f ' ( 0 ) = 1

Sol. Observe that and

(A) g (1) + h (1) = 70 (B) g (1) − h (1) = 28

Hint: When x  1 When x > 1

Then value of k so that the function is continuous at x = 1 is

(A) 263 − 231 (B) 265 − 233

following are true

when a > 0, m < 1  (m − ) (m – ) > 0

when a < 0,  < m <   (m − ) (m − ) < 0

1. Statement-1: lim = 100

( x + 1) + ... + ( x + 100 ) is a polynomial of degree 10 with leading coefficient 100 and

2. Statement-1: lim   is equal to e−5 .

Statement-2: lim ( px + q ) = q where p and q are any real constants.

Now lim f ( x ) = lim ( ax + b ) = b .

5. Let  x  denote the integral part of x.

Then lim f ( x ) does not exist.

 lim f ( x ) does not exist.

A) Statement-1is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correctExplanation forStatement-1