Explain The Types of Environmental Pollution Through Chemical Industry

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PCSM

1. EXPLAIN THE TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION THROUGH


CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
•Chemical industry is one of the major sources of environmental pollution, as it
produces and uses various chemicals that can have adverse effects on the
environment and human health.
There are different types of environmental pollution caused by chemical
industry, such as:

•Air pollution: This is the release of harmful gases, vapors, dust, and smoke into
the atmosphere from the chemical plants, refineries, and factories. Some of the
common air pollutants from chemical industry are carbon dioxide, sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and ozone. These pollutants can cause respiratory
problems, asthma, lung cancer, acid rain, smog, and global warming
•Water pollution: This is the contamination of water bodies such as rivers, lakes,
oceans, and groundwater by the discharge of wastewater, , and spills from the
chemical industry. Some of the common water pollutants from chemical industry
are acids, alkalis, salts, metals, pesticides, fertilizers, organic compounds, and
radioactive substances. These pollutants can cause fish kills, waterborne
diseases, and bioaccumulation.
•Soil pollution : This is the degradation of soil quality by the accumulation of
solid waste, sludge, and chemicals from the chemical industry. Some of the
common soil pollutants from chemical industry are heavy metals, pesticides,,
solvents, and plastics. These pollutants can cause loss of fertility, reduced crop
yield, and toxicity to plants and animals.
•Noise Pollution: This is the exposure to high levels of sound from the
machinery, equipment, and transportation of the chemical industry. Noise
pollution can cause hearing loss, stress, sleep disturbance.

2. DISCUSS THE CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF AIR


POLLUTION
•Solid waste is any unwanted or unusable material that is discarded after
primary use. Solid waste can originate from various sectors, such as agricultural,
commercial, domestic, industrial, and institutional. Solid waste can also be
classified based on its physical state, type, properties, and effects on human
health and the environment.
•Some of the common sources and types of solid waste are:
•Agricultural waste: This includes crop residues, animal manure, poultry litter,
and slaughterhouse waste. Agricultural waste can be organic or inorganic,
biodegradable or non-biodegradable, and hazardous or non-hazardous.
•Commercial waste: This includes waste from shops, markets, offices, hotels,
restaurants, and other businesses. Commercial waste can consist of paper,
cardboard, plastic, food, packaging, metal, glass, and textiles.
•Domestic waste: This includes waste from households and residential areas.
Domestic waste can comprise of kitchen waste, garden waste, paper, plastic,
metal, glass, textiles, and electronic waste.
•Industrial waste: This includes waste from factories, mines, power plants, and
other industries. Industrial waste can contain chemicals, metals, solvents, oils,
sludge, ash, radioactive substances, and hazardous materials

3). How would you Control water pollution? Explain.


•To control water pollution, we need to take various measures at
different levels, such as:
•Individual level: We can reduce our water consumption and wastage, avoid
littering and dumping garbage in water bodies, use eco-friendly products and
detergents, and practice rainwater harvesting and water recycling.
• Government level: We can enforce strict laws and regulations to prevent and
punish water pollution, monitor and inspect the sources and levels of water
pollution, invest in water treatment and purification facilities, and promote
sustainable development and conservation of water resources.
• Community level: We can participate in awareness campaigns and education
programs, report any illegal or harmful activities that pollute water, join or
support environmental organizations and movements, and adopt green lifestyles
and habits.

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•Technology level: We can use advanced and innovative methods and techniques
to control water pollution, such as chemical processes,, biological processes,, and
physical processes.

4).Justify the need of Legislation for Environmental Protection.


•Legislation for environmental protection is needed to prevent and
control the harmful effects of human activities on the natural
environment and its resources. Environmental legislation aims to
regulate the use, management, and conservation of the environment
and to ensure the well-being of humans and other living organisms.
Some of the reasons why environmental legislation is needed are:
•To protect the environment from pollution, degradation, and destruction
caused by various sources, such as industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust,
agricultural activities, domestic waste, and natural disasters.
•To safeguard the biodiversity and ecosystems that provide essential services
and benefits to humans, such as food, water, air, medicine, recreation, and
climate regulation.
•To promote sustainable development and use of natural resources, such as
forests, minerals, water, and energy, and to minimize the wastage and
overexploitation of these resources.
•To ensure the rights and responsibilities of individuals, communities,
governments, and corporations regarding the environment and to provide legal
remedies and penalties for environmental violations and damages.
•To comply with the international obligations and commitments of India on
environmental issues, such as the UN Framework Convention on Climate
Change, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Stockholm Declaration
on the Human Environment.

5).Define Sustainable Development. What are the guiding


principles of sustainable development?
•Sustainable development – is a form of human development in which resource
use aims to meet the human needs.
•The guiding principle of sustainable development are:

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•Conservation of ecosystem and environment: This principle emphasizes the
protection and restoration of natural resources and ecosystems that support life
on Earth.
•Conservation of biodiversity of the planet: This principle recognizes the
importance of biological diversity for the functioning of ecosystems and the
provision of ecosystem services.
•Sustainable development of the society: This principle seeks to improve the
quality of life and well-being of all people, especially the poor and marginalized,
by ensuring access to basic needs, education, health, and human rights.
•Population control and management: This principle advocates for the
stabilization of population growth and the reduction of population pressure on
natural resources and the environment.

6).Classify Cleaner Production techniques and Explain how one


can achieve CP at fertiliser industry?
•Cleaner Production (CP) is a preventive and integrated strategy to reduce the
environmental impacts and costs of products, and services. CP techniques can be
classified into four main categories:
•Good housekeeping: This involves improving the management and organization
of the production site, such as reducing waste, optimizing energy and water use,
and maintaining equipment.
•Input substitution: This involves replacing harmful or inefficient inputs with
less harmful or more efficient ones, such as using renewable energy sources,
biodegradable materials, or natural fertilizers.
•Process modification: This involves changing the production process to make it
more efficient and less polluting, such as using advanced technologies,
improving process control, or redesigning equipment.
•Product modification: This involves changing the design or composition of the
product to make it more environmentally friendly and durable, such as using
recycled materials, reducing packaging, or extending product life.
One can achieve CP at fertilizer industry by applying these techniques in
different stages of the production cycle, such as raw material handling,
manufacturing, distribution, and application.

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8). Classify Environmental Impacts due to Mining activity.
•Environmental impacts due to mining activity can be classified into three main
categorie:
•Erosion and sedimentation: Mining can cause soil erosion and siltation of water
bodies, affecting the quality and availability of water and soil resources².
•Pollution and contamination: Mining can emit harmful chemicals and pollutants
into the air, water, and soil, affecting the health of humans, animals, and plants.
•Climate change and greenhouse gas emissions: Mining can contribute to global
warming by releasing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere.

9).What are the objectives of Environmental Audit? Enlist


Advantages of Environmental Audit.
-The objectives of environmental audit are:
•To assess the company’s compliance with laws and regulations and other
relevant requirements..
•To promote good environmental management.
•To maintain credibility with the public.
•To raise awareness and enforce the company’s internal commitment to
environmental policies.
-The advantages of environmental audit are:
•To build a good company reputation by demonstrating environmental
responsibility and improvement efforts.
•To reduce environmental impacts and costs by minimizing waste, optimizing
resource use, and preventing pollution.
•To improve the quality and performance of the products and services by
enhancing their environmental friendliness and durability.

10).Why has waste become a major problem in the world and


what is waste minimisation?
-Waste has become a major problem in the world because it causes various
environmental, social, and economic impacts, such as:
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•Pollution of soil, air, water, and oceans, affecting the quality and availability of
natural resources and the health of humans, animals, and plants.
•Biodiversity loss and habitat degradation, reducing the diversity and
abundance of living organisms.
•Climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to global warming
and its consequences.
•Waste management challenges and costs, requiring significant time and
resources to collect, treat, and dispose of waste.
-Waste minimization is a set of practices and processes that aim to reduce the
amount of waste produced.
• Improving production efficiency and quality, using new technological practices
and innovation to reduce waste generation and improve the quality of inputs
and outputs
• Protecting the environment and human health, reducing the environmental
impacts and risks of waste

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