WMP-On SHOICHO-DARA - OTILICHO-2016 - Final

Wet Coffee Processing Industry ESMP
የታጠበ ቡና ማዘጋጃ ኢንዱስትሪ አካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ተፅዕኖ

ሥራ አመራር ዕቅድ
ሾኢቾ የእሸት ቡና መፈልፈያ ኢናዱስትሪ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር
WET-COFFEE INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENTALAND SOCIAL IMPACT
MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR
SHOICHO WET-COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY (PLC)
ባለቤት፡ ሾኢቾ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር
የድርጅቱ ስም፡ ሾኢቾ የእሸት ቡና መፈልፈያ ኢናዱስትሪ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር
አዲራሻ፡ ሲዳማ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሰት፣ ዳራ ኦትልቾ ወረዳ
የድርጅቱ ልዩ ቦታ፡ ሾኢቾ ቀበሌ
PROMOTER: SHOICHO PRIVATE LIMETED COMPANY
PROJECT NAME: SHOICHO WET- COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY (PLC)

PEOJECT LOCATION: Sidama National Regional State, Dara Otilcho Woreda
SPECIFIC LOCATION: Shoicho Kebele

PREPARED BY: Rekik Development Consultants Plc
September/ 2023
Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833

Page i
Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page i

Acronyms
ARCCH Authority for Research and Conservation for Cultural Heritage
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CRGE Climate Resilient Green Economy
CSA Central Static Agency
o
C Degree Centigrade
EHS Environmental Health and Safety
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMCA Environmental Management Coordination Act
EMP Environmental Management Plan
ERPs Emergence Response plans
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia
EP Environmental Protection
EPACC Ethiopia’s program of Adaptation to Climate Change
EPC Environmental protection council
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic Ethiopia
GTP Growth and Transformation Plan
KA(s) Kebele Administration(s)
Ha Hectare
IEA Initial Environmental Audit
KM Kilo Meter
M.a.s.l Meters above sea level
Mm Millimeter
OHS Occupational Health and Safety
PLC Private Limited Company
PH Power of Hydrogen
PE Personal Protective
REA Regional Environmental Agency
SEM Sustainable Environmental Management
SS Suspended Solids
ESMP Wet-Coffee Industry Environmental and Social Management Plan
WCC Waste Collection Centre

Page i
Table of Contents
Acronyms......................................................................................................i
Figures........................................................................................................v
Tables.........................................................................................................vi
የሪፖርት ጥቅል ሀሳብ (Executive Summary)................................................................1
1 Background Information of the Project............................................................4
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Purpose and Scope of the WMP 4
1.2.1 Purpose 4
1.3 Terms of Reference (TOR) 5
1.4 Methodology 5
1.5 Report Structure 6
2 Scope of the Report....................................................................................7
3 Administrative Legal and Policy Framework......................................................8
3.1 General Overview 8
3.2 Policy Framework 8
3.2.1 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia 8
3.2.2 Environmental Impact Assessment 9
3.2.3 Environmental Pollution Control 9
3.2.4 Solid & Liquid Waste Management 10
3.3 The Environment (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations 10
3.3.1 Environmental Impact Assessment (Proclamation No. 299/2002) 10
3.3.2 Environmental Pollution Control (Proclamation No. 300/2002) 11
3.4 Institutional Framework 11
3.4.1 Environmental Protection Authority 11
3.4.2 Regional Environmental Agencies (REA) 12
3.4.3 Woreda Environment Forest Climate Change Authority (EFCCA) 12
3.4.4 Kebele 12
4 Project Description...................................................................................13
4.1 Location of the Industry 13
4.2 Project Description 14
4.3 Company/Applicant 16
5 Baseline Information of the Project Environment..............................................17
Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page ii

5.1 Demographic & Economical Characteristics of the Project Area 17

5.2 Geology and Morphology 17
5.3 Climate 17
6 Potential Impacts of Wet-Coffee Processing.....................................................18
6.1 Characteristic of Wet-Coffee Industry Wastes 18
6.2 Annual Project Washed Coffee Production Plan 18
6.2.1 Estimated Waste Generation from the Industry 19
6.3 Types and Nature of Waste in Wet-Coffee Processing Industry 20
6.3.1 Recyclable Waste (Coffee Pulp) 20
6.3.2 Regulated Waste 20
6.4 Project Waste Management System 21
6.4.1 Liquid (Lagoon) Waste Collection Center 21
6.4.2 Solid (Coffee Pulp) Collection Center 21
6.5 Environmental Impact of the Project 22
6.5.1 Positive Impact 22
6.5.2 Negative Impact 22
7 DERSE H/YIMER WET-COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY IMPACT MITIGATION
MEASURES................................................................................................25
7.1 Project Waste Management Hierarchy Principles 25
7.1.1 Waste Reduction from the Source 25
7.1.2 Waste Reuse 26
7.1.3 Waste Recycling 26
7.1.4 Waste Recovery (Energy from Waste) 26
7.1.5 Waste Disposal 26
7.2 Future Waste Management Practices 26
7.2.1 Waste Inventory Practice 27
7.2.2 Waste Storage and Handling Practice 27
8 የአካባቢና ማህበረሰብ የጎንዮሽ ተፅዕኖ የመከላከያ ዕቅድ (Environmental and Social Impact
Management Plan)........................................................................................28
8.1 የመከላከያ ዘዴና አተገባበር (Type of Mitigation Measures) 28
8.1.1 ሙሉ የዳግም ዉኃ ዝውውር ዘዴ ማቋቋም(Established New full water recycling process

system) 29
8.1.2 ባዮ-ፊዚካል መከላከያ ዘዴን ማቋቋም (Established New Bio-filtration wetland (“Vittiver
Grass”) waste filtration technology) 29
Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page iii

8.1.3 ባዮ-ኬሚካል ማከሚያ መጠቀም (Use of Organic Compound Decomposer Treatment)

31
8.1.4 የቡና ልጋግ ጉድጓድ መጠገን (Maintenance and Construction of Septic Tank) 33
8.1.5 የቡና ገለፈትና ፈሳሽ ቆሻሻን ለንግድ ግብዓትነት ማዋል (Use of Coffee By-Products for
Commercial Purpose) 34
8.1.6 ልጋግ ጉድጓድ ውስጥ የዘቀጠ ቆሻሻን ማስወገድ (Removal of Sediment Waste from the Collection
Pits) 36
8.1.7 አሮጌ ማሽን በአካባቢ-ተስማሚ የቡና ፑልፒየር ማሽን መተካት(Old Machine Replaced by Eco-
friendly Coffee Pulpier Machine) 37
8.1.8 ለአካባቢ ጥበቃ እና ማህበራዊ አስተዳደር እቅድ የበጀት ምንጭ (Resources for Environmental and
Social Management Plan) 38
9 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan.............................................40
10 Evaluation and Review...........................................................................42
10.1 Derese H/Yimer Wet-Coffee Industry Evaluation 42
10.2 Derse H/Yimer Wet-Coffee Processing Industry Review 42
11 Conclusion and Recommendations.............................................................44
11.1 Conclusion 44
11.2 Recommendations 44
REFERENCES............................................................................................46
ANNEX.....................................................................................................41
Company Documents............................................................................................45
Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page iv

Figures
Figure 4-1: Location of the Project Site.......................................................................................................13
Figure 4-2: View of the Project Site.............................................................................................................14

Figure 6-1 : Possible Uses for the By‐products of Coffee............................................................................22
Figure 6-2: Permited Standard of Wet Coffee Processing Waste in Water Body.........................................23
Figure 7-1: Project Wet-Coffee Industry Waste Management Hierarchy.....................................................25
Figure 8-1: Fow Diagram of Established New Water Recycling Mechanism..............................................29
Figure 8-2: Illustrate the “Vetiver grass’’ bio-physical filtration system......................................................31
Figure 8-3 : Illustration of EM Application Coffee by-products..................................................................33
Figure 8-4 : Illustration of Settling Basin and Infiltration Pits.....................................................................34
Figure 8-5 : Decomposed Coffee Pulp for Organic Fertilizer.......................................................................35
Figure 8-6 : Decompose Coffee Pulp for Mushroom Cultivation Media......................................................35
Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page v

Tables
Table 4-1: Summary of the Project Site Facilities........................................................................................15
Table 6-1: Project Annual Parchment Coffee Production Plan....................................................................19
Table 6-2: The Amount of Waste in Derese H/Yimer Coffee Pulping Industry...........................................19
Table 8-1: Financial Requirement for Environmental Protection.................................................................39
Table 9-1: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan.....................................................................41
Table 10-1: Methods to Assess Procedural Effectiveness............................................................................42
Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page vi

goppl
Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page i

የሪፖርት ጥቅል ሀሳብ (Executive Summary)

የሪፖርቱ ጥቅል ጭብጥ ሀሳብ የያዘው የታጠበ ቡና ምርት ማዘጋጃ ኢንዱስትሪ ‘’አካባቢና ማህበረሰብ የጎንዮሽ
ተፅዕኖ ሥራ አመራር ዕቅድ’’ ሲሆን እቅዱ‘’ ሾኢቾ እሸት ቡና መፈልፈያ ኢንዱስትሪ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር
ፕሮጀክት’’ የስራ እንቅስቃሴን ላይ የተጠና ጥናት ሀኖ ድርጅቱ የሚኖረው አወንታዊና አሉታዊ ሁኔታ
በመገምገም በአካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ላይ የሚኖረው የጎንዮሽ አሉታዊ ተፅዕና ላይ መፍትሄ የያዘ የጥናት ሰነድ
ነው፡፡
ሾኢቾ እሸት ቡና መፈልፈያ ኢንዱስትሪ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር የሚገኘው በሲዳማ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግስት
ክልል ዳራ-ኦትልቾ ወረዳ ሲሆን ድርጅቱ ከክልሉ ዋና ከተማ ሀዋሳ 73.5 ኪ/ሜ ርቀት ላይ ሲሆን የድርጅቱ ልዩ
ስፍራ ከወረዳው ዋና ከተማ ተፈሪ ኬላ በደቡብ አቅጣጫ በ 5 ኪ/ሜ ሾኢቾ ቀበሌ ገበሬ ማህበር ውስጥ ይገኛል፡፡
ኢንዱስትሪው ከአካባው የሚከተሉትን አዋሳኞች ይጋራል፡-
በምስራቅ፡ የአቶ ካርቲ አያኞ የቡና ማሳ
በምእራብ፡ የአቶ ያእቆብ ዬሴፍ ቡና ማሳና ጂጌሳ ወንዝ
በሰሚን፡ ጂጌሳ ወንዝ በኩል
በደቡብ፡ የአቶ ቦታ ማልዲ የቡና ማሳ ይዋሰናል፡፡
ድርጅቱ በ 2.0 ሄ/ር መሬት ይዞታ ላይ ላይ በኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር በ 2002 ዓ/ም የተቋቋመ ኢንዱስትሪ
ነው፡፡ በአሁኑ ሰዓት ድርጅቱን በባለቤትነት የሚያስተዳድረው ሾኢቾ እሸት ቡና መፈልፈያ ኢንዱስትሪ
ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር ነው፡፡
በኢትዮጵያ ፌደራላዊ ሪፐብሊክ አካባቢ ጥበቃ ደንና አየር ንብረት ለውጥ ድንጋጌዎች መሰረት ማንኛውም
የቡና ምርት ማዘጋጃ ኢንዱስትሪ የሚያመነጨው የፈሳሽና የደረቅ ቆሻሻ በአካባቢና ማህበረብ ላይ የሚኖረውን
የጎንዮሽ ተፅዕኖ ለመከላከልና ጠቀሜታቸውን ለማጎልበት የቅድመ ፕሮጀክት ግንባታ ከመካሄዱ በፊት
/ከማቋቋመቸው በፊት የፕሮጀክቱ አካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ተፅዕኖ ግምገማ(ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL
IMPACT ASSIGNMENT (ESIA) ማጣሪያ በሚመለከተው አካባቢ ጥበቃ ደንና አየር ንብረት ለውጥ ቢሮ
ማረጋገጫ ማግኘት ግደታ ነው፡፡ ቀደም ሲል ይህንን ግምገማ ሳያደርጉ የተቋቋሙ ፕሮጀክቶች በአካባቢና
ማህበረሰቡ ላይ የሚያስከትሉት የጎንዮሽ ተፅዕኖ መቅረፍ የሚያስችል ‘’የአካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ተፅዕኖ ሥራ
አስተዳደር ዕቅድ’’ ማዘጃጀት ግደታ ሲሆን የአካባቢ ልማትና አያያዝ እንቅስቃሲያቸው ከአካባቢና ማህበረሰብ
ተፅዕኖ የተላቀቀ መሆን አለበት፡፡
ስለሆነም ‘’ ሾኢቾ እሸት ቡና መፈልፈያ ኢንዱስትሪ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር’’ አሁን ያለውን ችግር ሊቀርፍ
የሚችል በተግባር የተተገበረ ‘’የአካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ተፅዕኖ ሥራ አመራር ዕቅድ’’ በማስፈለጉ ረቂቅ ዕድገትና
ልማት አማካሪ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር (REKIK Development Consultant PLC) ሾኢቾ እሸት ቡና መፈልፈያ
ኢንዱስትሪ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር አማካሪ ድርጅቱን በመምረጥ ውል ገብቶ የድርጅቱን በአካባቢና በማህበረሰብ
የሚያስከትለውን አሉታዊና አወንታዊ ተፅዕኖ በመገምገም የሚኖረውን አሉታዊ ተፅዕኖ ለመቅረፍ የሚያስችል

Page 1
ዘመናዊና ውጤታማ መፍትሄ የያዘ የአካባቢና የማህበረሰብ ተፅዕኖ ሥራ አመራር ዕቅድ እንዲዘጋጅለት
ለድርጅቱ ሙሉ ኃላፊነት በመስጠት አዘጋጅቷል፡፡
በተደረገው ጥናት መሰረትም ሾኢቾ እሸት ቡና መፈልፈያ ኢንዱስትሪ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር (Shoicho Wet-
coffee processing Industry(Plc)) በአካባቢ ስለ-ህይወትና አካባቢ ማህበረሰብ( biophysical environment as well
as the local communities) አወንታዊና አሉታዊ ተፅዕኖ ያለው መሆኑ በጥናቱ ተገምግሟል፡ የጥናቱ ውጤት
አንደሚያሳየውም ድርጅቱ የተለያየ አመታት መረጃ መሰረት በአማካኝ 505,440 ኪ/ግ ቀይ እሸት ቡና ምርት
በመሰብሰብ የታጠበ ቡና ምርት የሚያዘጋጅ ሲሆን በዚህ የዝግጅት ወቅት 202.176 ቶን ከቡና ልጋግ ጋር የተነካካ
የቡናገለፈት( fresh pulp) እና ከፍኛ አሲድ ያለው 19,352.413 ቶን ፈሳሻ ቆሻሻ ( liquid waste/lagoon)
በማመንጨት በአካባቢና በመህበረሰብ ላይ አሉታዊ ተፅዕኖ እደሚያስከትል ተገምግሟል፡፡
በመሆኑም ኢንዱስትሪው ያለው ጠቀሜታና ጉዳት እደሚከተለው ታይቷል፡-
የድርጅቱ አወንታዊ ጠቀሜታ፡ የታጠበ ቡና ለማዘጋጀት በሚያደርገው ልማት እንቅስቃሴ በቀዳሚነት ለአካባቢው
ማህበረሰብ ዘርፈ ብዙ ጠቀሚታ ፈጥሯል ማለትም ስራ ለሌላቸው ወጣችና ሴቶች የስራ ዕድል የፈጠረ ሲሆን
በሾኢቾ ቀበሌ ቡና አምራች አርሶ አደሮች የቡና ምርታቸውን በቀታ ለድርጅቱ በተሸለ ዋጋ በመሸጥ የተሸለ ገቢ
የሚያገኑበት አማራጭ እድል የፈጠረ በዚህም አምራቾች ቡናቸውን በድርድር የመሸጥ አቅም አሳድጓል እንዲሁም
የታጠበ ቡና በማዘጋጀት ኤክስፖርት በማድረግ የሀገራችንን የውጭ ምንዛሬ ግኝት ላይ ጅርጅተ ሀገራዊ ሚና
አለው፡፡
የድርጅቱ አሉታዊ ተፅእኖ/የጎንዮሽ ጉዳት፡ ድርጅቱ የታጠበ ቡና በሚያዘጋጅበት ሂደት ውስጥ በሚያመነጨው
የደረቅና የፈሳሻ ተረፈ ምርት አማካኝነት በአካባቢና በማህበረሰብ ላይ የጎንዮሽ ጉዳት ሊያስከትል የሚችል አቅም
እዳለው የሚያመለክት ቢሆንም አሁን ባለበት ዝቅተኛ መሆኑ ታይቷል፡፡ ምክንያቱሙ ድርጅቱ በወረዳው ካሉት
የታጠበ ቡና ማዘጋጃ ኢንዱስትሪዎች ብክለት መከላከያ በተሻለ ሁኔታ የተዘጋጁ መከላከያ ዘዴዎች ገንብቶ ስራ
ላይ አውለዋል፡፡
ይሁን እንጂ በስራ ላይ ያሉት መከላከያ ዘዴዎች ሙሉ በሙሉ ብክለት በመቀነስ መከላከል የማያስችሉ
በመሆናቸው የሚከተሉት ጉዳቶችን ያስከትላል የሚል ምልከታ ተደርጓል ማለትም በተለይ የፈሳሽ ቆሻሻው
ከፍተኛ የሆነ አሲድ ስለሚይዝ የሚከተሉት ጉዳቶችን ያስከትላል፡
ከውሃ አካል ጋር ከተገኛኘ የውሃ ውስጥ የምግብ ሰንሰለት ማዛባት (H2O,Nutrient Imbalance)፣
በሚፈጥረው ከፍተኛ መርዛማ አሲድና ሽታ በሰው ጤና ላይ የሚያስከተለው ጉዳት ማለትም የማስከር

ስሜት(Spinning sensation (feeling drunk)፣
የውስጥ የአይን ክፍል ማቃጠልና ማቁሰል (Eye irritation (burning inside)፣
የውጭ ገላን ማሳከክና ማቁሰል (Skin irritation)፣
የሆድ ህመም (Stomach problem)፣
የመተንፈሻ አካል ጉሮሮ ህመም (Breathing problem) እና
Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page 2

ማቅለሽለሽ (Nausea)፡፡
ከዚህ በተጨማሪ የአካባቢ ብክለት ያስከትላል ማለትም በአየር፣ በውሃ አካል፣ በአፈር እና በማህበረብ አገልግሎት
አነስተኛ ጉዳት ይጠበቃሉ፡፡
ሾኢቾ እሸት ቡና መፈልፈያ ኢንዱስትሪ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር በወረዳው ካሉት የታጠበ ቡና ማዘጋጃ

ኢንዱስትሪዎች በዓይነቱ የተሻለ ብክለት መከላኬ ዘዴዎች ገንብቶ ስራ ላይ ያዋለ ቢሆንም የተሟላ ነው ብሎ
መውሰድ አያስችል አሁን ካለው በበለጠ የመከላከያ ዘዴ ሊኖረው ይገባል፡፡
ስለሆነም ያለውን ችግር ለመቅረፍ የሚያስችል በፈጠራ የተደገፈና ከአካባቢ ጋር ተስማሚ የሆነና ዘለቄታ ያለው
መከላከያ ዘዴ ያስፈልጋል፡፡ በመሆኑም ይህ ያካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ተፅዕኖ አስተዳደር ዕቅውድ ለድርጅቱ ቁልፍ ዋና
የትግበራ ሰነድ እዲሆን ተደርጎ ተጠንቶ ቀርቧል፡፡
በዚህ መሰረትም የድርጅቱ የአካባቢና ማህበራሰባዊ አሉታዊ ተፅዕኖዎች መነሻ የሆኑትን የደረቅና የፈሳሻ
ቆሻሻዎችን ከምንጩ ማድረቅ የሚስችሉ ተግባራዊና ዘርፈ ብዙ መከላከያ ዘዴዎች በዕቅዱ ተካተዋል፡፡ አማካሪ
ድርጅቱ ብቁ ናቸው ያላላቸው በሌሎች አካባቢና ሀገራት የተተገበሩትን ተሞክሮ በመውሰድ የመከላከያ ዘዴዎችን
በድርጅቱ ተግባራዊ እንዲያደርግ እደሚከተለው ቀርቧል፡-
 ሙሉ የዳግም ዉኃ ዝውውር ዘዴ መገንባት( Establishing full water recycling process system)

 ባዮ-ፊዚካል መከላከያ ዘዴ መገንባት (Establishing new Bio-filtration wetland (“Vittiver Grass”) waste
filtration technology)
 ባዮ-ኬሚካል መጠቀም(Use of organic decomposer waste treatment)
 ዙሪያ በኮንክሪት የተሰራ ዘመናዊ የልጋግ ጉድጓድ መገንባት(Constructin modern lagoon septic tank
Treatment Methods)
 የሚመነጨውን ተረፈ ምርት ለሌሎች ልማት ማዋል( use of waste for Commercial purpose,)
 ከራሚ/ያልተወገደ ተረፈ ምርት ያካባቢ ባለስልጣን በሚፈቅድ ቦታ ላይ ማስወገድ(waste disposal in the
permitted landfill area ( is as the final option)
 አሁን ያለውን ማሻን አነስተኛ ውኃ በሚጠቀም ማሻን መቀየር( old Machine is replaced by
“ecological” designs mechanical de-mucilagers (Penagos DUC-7.500)
በአጠቃላይ ለአካባቢ ተስማሚ የሆነ ‘’አካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ተፅዕና ሥራ አመራር ዕቅድ’’ (Environmental and
Social Impact Management Plan (ESMP) ተግባራዊ ለማድረግ ድርጅቱ ለትገበራ የሚያስፈልገው አመታዊ
በጀት ብር 58,034.69 በጥናቱ ተካቶ የቀረበ ሲሆን በጀቱ ለአመታዊ ኦድት ጭምር ይውላል፡፡ ድርጅቱም
የቀረበውን አካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ተፅዕኖ ሥራ አመራር ዕቅድ ለሚከተለው ክልልና ወረዳ አካባቢ ጥበቃ ደንና
አየር ንብረት ለውጥ ባለስልጣን በማቅረብ ማፀደቅና ይሁንታ ማግኘት አለበት፡፡

1 Background Information of the Project

1.1 Introduction
Improper management and disposal of waste will have a potential adverse impact to both
environmental and social values, including impacts to human health.
Sources of wastewater from wet-coffee processing include wastewater from pulping, fermentation
(or demucilaging) and washing operations. The effects of these wastewaters are observed when dis-
charged into water courses without proper treatment.
To ensure the appropriate management and disposal system of the project related waste, SHOICHO
KEBELE, SHOICHO WET COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY (PLC) shall developed a
framework to addressing coffee waste management. This Environmental and Social Management
Plan (ESMP) provides an overview of the framework and management practices to be applied by the
Shoicho Wet-coffee Processing Industry to reduce, re-use, recycle, and recovery as energy source
and dispose the waste that generated by its property with minimum impact downstream of the
project site.
1.2 Purpose and Scope of the WMP
1.2.1 Purpose
SHOICHO WET COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY (PLC) project has both a legal and
social responsibility to minimize and appropriately manage wastes generated by the coffee
processing industry activities and assets. This ESMP has been planned to satisfy those obligations
and complements the overarching the Regional and woreda Environment, Forest and Climate
Change office to ensure the issue of environment, health and safety management system.
The objectives of the ESMP are to:

 Facilitate compliance with relevant country and Local Government legislation, regulations
and approvals;
 Support the Ethiopia Environmental Hazard Standard safety;
 Provide a framework for DERESE H/YIMER WET COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY(PLC)
project to:

 Identify, characterize and properly manage wastes at wet coffee industry assets and
facilities;
 Implement the coffee industry waste management hierarchy of reduce, reuse, recycle
and treat, dispose to minimize waste generation and disposal and promote the re-
use, recycling and recovery of wastes;
 Minimize the risk of causing harm to the environment that may arise due to improper
waste management;
 Engage stakeholders including local governments to assist in utilizing appropriate
waste management and disposal services and locations; and
 Develop site-specific / activity-specific waste management procedures as required
during the coffee industry lifetime.
1.3 Terms of Reference (TOR)
The project WMP assessment investigations and analysis of the anticipated environmental impacts
of in this wet-coffee industry in line with terms of reference stipulated in the environmental (Impact
and Audit) regulations 2003 and in particular part II S 7[1] and which are listed below. However,
this wet-coffee industry previously established, the terms of reference were focused only on the
current wet-coffee processing implementation Phase.
a) A critical look into project objectives

b) The established location of the project site
c) Description of project objectives.
d) A concise description of the national environmental legislative and regulatory framework,
and any other relevant information related on the washing station
e) Evaluation of the waste management technology, practice and processes to be used in the red
cherry coffee fruit washing station
f) Description, evaluation and analysis of the potential impacts on environmental effects of the
project broadly classified into physical, ecological/biological and socio-economic aspects
which can be classified as direct, indirect, cumulative, irreversible, short-term and long-term
effects.
g) Evaluation of the coffee by-products and wastes to be generated by this washing station
h) Evaluation of the coffee processing material wastes(drying bead materials, fuel, oil&
lubricant and human waste, etc…) to be generated by this washing station
i) Propose/recommend a specific environmentally sound and affordable liquid and solid waste
management system.
j) Evaluation and analysis of alternatives including replacement of new pressing industry, other
project alternative, project site, design and technologies.
k) Review the current Environmental Management Plan (EMP) practice in Ethiopia, SIDAMA
NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE.

l) Proposing the measures for eliminating/minimizing or mitigating adverse impacts on the

environment.
1.4 Methodology
Based on terms of reference (TOR) prepared by the Rekik Development Consultant PLC, the
methodology used during consultancy phase in the following:
a) Literature Review: Documentation on policies, laws, regulations and guidelines related

environmental management, industry sector, waste management, land use EIA process etc, at
the national level as well as the international level have been done.
b) Interviews: The consultant has collect information from people in the area of the project as
well as in the woreda institution.
c) Data Collection: Through site visit of the site, required qualitative and quantitative data have
been collected
d) Develop Reporting: the data and information collected were organized and compiled in a
report.
1.5 Report Structure
The WMP of this project report was written with the following Structure:
Executive Summary
1. Introduction: gives a brief introduction about the need for ESMP
2. Scope of the Report
3. Administrative, Legal and Policy Framework;
4. Project Description
5. Baseline information of the Project Environment
6. Potential Impacts of the Project
7. Impact Mitigation Measures
8. Environmental and Social Management Plan
9. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
10. Evaluation and Review of the Project
11. Conclusion and Recommendations
12. References
.

2 Scope of the Report

This WMP provides an overview of the strategy, methods and controls implemented by owners to
manage the issue of waste. Specifically, this WMP:
 Identifies the types of wastes generated by this wet-coffee Processing industry;

 Describes the waste management framework; and
 Describes how the waste management hierarchy is applied to this Project generated wastes.
This WMP is to be implemented by SHOICHO WET COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY

(PLC) Project personnel responsible for carrying out works that generate, transport, store, treat
and/or dispose wastes in the permitted landfill, when wet-coffee processing implementation phases
of the project. This WMP applies to activities carried out within industry area.

3 Administrative Legal and Policy Framework

3.1 General Overview
Applicable legislation, regulations, guidance and strategies enacted by the National, Regional and
local governments regarding waste management in this Project Area are described in the following
sections and an overview of Ethiopia Government legislation and strategies considered in the
development of the WMP are briefly presented in the following sub-sections
3.2 Policy Framework

Over the last two decades, the Ethiopian government has put in place a number of policies, strategies
and laws that are designed to support sustainable development. The country has developed and
implemented a wide range of legal, policy and institutional frameworks on environment, water,
forests, climate change, and biodiversity. Under the plan for Accelerated and Sustained
Development to End poverty (PASDEP), implemented from 2005/06 to 2009/10, Ethiopia achieved
rapid economic growth and laid a foundation for future growth by e.g investments in infrastructure
and human capital.
Ethiopia’s five years strategic plan, the growth and transformation plan (GTP) for 2010/11, 2014/15
sets even higher growth and investment targets, including achievement of all Millennium
Development Goals. The Environmental policy of Ethiopia was approved in 1997 and is the first key
document that captured environmental sustainable development principles. Ethiopia’s program of
Adaptation to Climate Change (EPACC) is a program of action to build a climate resilient economy
through adaptation at sectorial, regional and local community levels. The EPACC updates and
replaces Ethiopia’s National Adaptation program of Action (NAPA), which was formulated and
submitted it to the UNFCCC Secretariat in 2007.
Ethiopia also has on overarching framework and a national strategy towards a green economy, the ‘’
Climate Resilient Green Economy’’ (CRGE) 2011. EIA procedures should be applied to plans
according to the EIA proclamation No: 299/2002. Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has
been introduced to Ethiopia quite recently. However, there is no SEA proclamation or guideline on
SEA in place.
3.2.1 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia

The Ethiopia’s Government environmental policy is geared towards sound environmental
management for sustainable development following “Green economy policy”. This is envisaged in
the principle of prudent use, which requires that the present day usage should not ‘’compromise the
needs of the future generations’’. The policy emphasis is on environmental protection in order to
ensure sufficient supplies for the present and future generations. The policy envisages the use of the
‘’polluter pays principle’’ where one is expected to make good any damage made to the
environment. Environmental sustainability was recognized in the Constitution and the National
Economic Policy and Strategy of Ethiopia as a key prerequisite for lasting success (EPA, 1997). The
most important steps in setting up the legal framework for EIA in Ethiopia have been the
establishment of Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) in 1995, and the adoption of
Conservation Strategy (CSE), Environmental Policy (EPE), EIA Law and EIA Guidelines (EPA,

2002; EPA, 1997). The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE) was initiated in 1989 as a project
supported by the World Conservation Union (IUCN), and among the successful activities of the
project was the development of a legal framework for environmental management in Ethiopia. The
policy and strategy documents recognized and addressed environmental issues in a holistic manner,
and were adopted as well as approved by the Government of Ethiopia in 1997.
The overall goal of the Environmental Policy of Ethiopia(EPE) is to improve and enhance the health
and quality of life of all Ethiopians, and to promote sustainable social and economic development
through the sound management and use of natural, human-made and cultural resources and the
environment as a whole (EPA, 1997). The policy seeks to ensure the empowerment and participation
of the people and their organization’s at all levels in environmental management activities, and to
raise public awareness and promote understanding of the essential linkage between the environment
and development.
EIA policies are included in the cross-sectorial policies of the EPE (EPA, 1997). They emphasis,
among others, the early recognition and incorporation of environmental issues and mitigation plans
in project design and implementation.
3.2.2 Environmental Impact Assessment

As indicated in federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia proclamation No. 299/2002, it is designed
targeting at EIA obligatory for categories of projects specified under a directive issued by the EPA.
The law specifies that every project and all its activities should prepare environmental impact
assessment (EIA). The proponent of the project must prepare the EIA and either approve or disprove
the project based on the real environmental context.
Environmental guidelines are among the tools for facilitating the consideration of environmental
issues and principles of sustainable development and their inclusion in development proposals. The
promoter of this project fulfills the basic requirement from the concerned governmental and non-
governmental bodies.
3.2.3 Environmental Pollution Control

According to Ethiopia’s governmental environmental protection (EGEP) proclamation No.
300/2002, Environmental pollution control primarily targeting to protect the right of all nations, to
attain sustainable healthy environment and to impose obligation to protect the environment of the
country through green economy policy. The regulation addresses the management of harmful
squander: establishment of environmental quality standard for air, water and soil and frequent
monitoring of pollution.
The problem of improper handling of hazardous substances related to activities such as pest and
insect, crop diseased, fertilizer application management and industrial development are becoming a
serious environmental concern. In association with this, proclamation provides a basis from which
the relevant environmental standard applicable to Ethiopia can be developed, while sanctioning
violation of these standards as criminally punishable offence.
For the sake of an appropriate project implementation, environmental standards and related
requirements, inspectors belonging to EPA or the relevant regional environmental agency are

empowered by the proclamation to enter, without prior notice or court order, land premises at any
time, at their discretion. Such wide power was drive from Ethiopia’s serious concern and
commitment to protecting the environmental from pollution.
3.2.4 Solid & Liquid Waste Management

According to FDRE proclamation, No.713/2007, industrial Waste management and disposal,
everybody should collect dry husk in an especially designated place and in a safe manner, which
does not affect the health of the society. Nobody shall dispose solid, liquid or any other waste in a
manner that contaminate the environment or affects the health of the society. Therefore, promoter
should have to have the issuance of permit, and will be bound by and work according to national
laws, as a result, irrespective of nationality and place of investment, these formulated formal laws
govern the entire investment activities.
The regulatory devices underline under the EPE and emphasized in most environmental legislation is
the necessity of Environmental impact Assessment (EIA) before engaging in development acuities.
Furthermore, Articles 11 and 12 of the proclamation No.299/2002 requires EPA to follow up and
monitor the implementation of the project already done according to the EIA and to see, whether
circumstances have occurred whether might require a new EIA to be done. The project is intended to
wash coffee to supply for national and global market. So the promoter of the project should facilitate
to undertake ongoing study or assessment during implementation of the washed station.
3.3 The Environment (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations

On June 13th 2003, the Minister of Environment, Natural Resources and Wildlife promulgated the
Environment (Impact Assessment and Audit) regulations 2003 (EIA/EA Regulations) under section
147 of the EMCA. These regulations provide the framework for carrying out EIAs and EAs in
Ethiopia
3.3.1 Environmental Impact Assessment (Proclamation No. 299/2002)

The Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation (proclamation No. 299/2002 has been issued
on the 3rd of December 2002. The main objective of the Proclamation is to make the ESIA
mandatory for specified categories of activities undertaken by public or by private sectors.
Undertaking ESIA was not a legal requirement before the formation of this Proclamation. The
general provisions of the Proclamation include:
 Implementation of any project that requires an ESIA (as determined in a directive) is

subject to an environmental clearance or authorization from the EPA or Regional
Environmental Agency (REA);
 The EPA or the relevant REA depending on the magnitude of expected impacts may
waive the requirement for an ESIA;
 Any licensing agency shall, prior to issuing an investment permit or trade or an operating
license for any project ensure that the EPA or the relevant REA has authorized its
implementation;
 A licensing agency shall either suspend or cancel a license that has already been issued,
in the case that the EPA or the REA suspends or cancels the environmental
authorization;

 Approval of the ESIA report or the granting of authorization by the EPA or the REA
does not exonerate the proponent from liability for damage;
 The EPA has prepared ESIA procedural guidelines towards the realization and
implementation of this proclamation.
3.3.2 Environmental Pollution Control (Proclamation No. 300/2002)

The Proclamation is developed on the obligation to protect the environment of the Country as a
whole and it aims at securing the right of each citizen to a healthy environment. It provides the basis
from which the relevant environmental standards can be developed and enforces the standards set
based on the polluter pays principle. Environmental Inspectors are to be assigned by the EPA or
regional environment offices, whereas thresholds have been set for industrial, agricultural and
domestic wastes (EPA 2003). The Council of Ministers in 2008 approved a regulation to prevent
pollution from industrial facilities.
3.4 Institutional Framework

Environmental organs Establishment proclamation, proclamation No. 295/2002 was enacted in 2002.
This proclamation repealed proclamation for the Establishment of the EPA, proclamation No. 9/95.
According to this proclamation, EPA is accountable to the prime Minister. It has also established the
Environmental protection council (EPC). EPC oversee EPA’s activities, as well as the activities of
sectorial agencies and environmental units with respect to environment management.
There are so many organizations involved in environmental management in the country. These
organizations include the Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources, Regional land and
protection and Environmental, National Environment and Management Authority, Local Authorities,
Ministry of Water and Irrigation etc. It also ensures coordination among sectorial ministries and
agencies on environmental matters.
The proclamation stipulates the mandatory need for establishment of Environmental organs by
regions. Mandates of the regional environmental organs are to enable regions to coordinate
environmental activities, avoid duplication of efforts and improve the dissemination of
environmental information. This proclamation also mandates the EPA to undertake studies and
research, to develop action plans etc, in the area of combating desertification.
3.4.1 Environmental Protection Authority

Environmental organs Establishment proclamation, proclamation No. 295/2002 was enacted in 2002.
This proclamation repealed proclamation for the Establishment of the EPA, proclamation No. 9/95.
According to this proclamation, EPA is accountable to the prime minister. This proclamation has
also established the Environmental protection Council (EPC) oversees EPA’s activities, as well as
the activities of sectorial agencies and environmental units with respect to environmental
management. It also ensures coordination among sectorial ministries and agencies on environmental
matters. This proclamation also mandates the EPA to undertake studies and research, to develop
action plans etc., in the area of washing station waste management.

3.4.2 Regional Environmental Agencies (REA)

Under proclamation No. 925/2002, all regional states are expected to establish their own
environmental organs. Following this, regions and two city administration have established their
respective environmental organs and the other regional states are in the process. Regional
environmental organs are vested in, among others, the responsibility in their respective region.
3.4.3 Woreda Environment Forest Climate Change Authority (EFCCA)

Dara-Otilicho is one of the administrative divisions of the SIDAMA NATIONAL REGIONAL
STATE. The woreda administration is the highest decision maker organ next to regional Authority.
Woreda administration is accountable for regional Authority in the case of the Sidama National
Regional State; woreda offices are headed by cabin members. Therefore, woreda EFCCA is the
middle administrative level responsible for monitoring and evaluating environmental issues of the
washed station.
3.4.4 Kebele
The peasant associations have their own council consisting of the administrative structure and the
cabinet members. The cabinet members are composed of three professionals from local school,
Agricultural offices and locally selected health centuries and another four. The main responsibilities
of the kebeles include promoting rural development, Executing government policies and facilitate
their implementation and conducting tax collection. Furthermore, they have a mandate to visit
development and correct their negative impacts through advising the investors. Therefore kebele
administrative office, will conduct such activities for social and environmental sustainability of the
established washed station.

4 Project Description
4.1 Location of the Industry
The project area is located in DARA OTILICHO WOREDA. Dara Otilicho is one of the woredas in
the Sidama National Regional State of Ethiopia and has 16 rural kebeles & 2 Town Administrative
Kebel. Dara Otilicho woreda has economical source in rich off Coffee, Enseti (kochoo), and Chat
those are main source of economic contributor of the woreda. The woreda which has supporting
agricultural cultivation for main fruit like mango, orange, avocado etc contributing to the area,
country and exporting in the future.
The project site is located at about 1km Southeast from Tefere Kela town in ShoichoKebele. The
owner of the project is SHOICHO WET COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY (PLC). The
coffee industry was an existing and functioning industry. The project is bordered on the south by the
all-weather rod from tefere kela to Kebado town, on the east by the W/ro Zenebech Gosay Coffee
Farm, on the north by Ato. Wodedo Arifane Coffee Farm, on the west by Community roade. The
geographical location of Dara -Otilicho woreda is 6° 30′ 0″North Latitude and 38° 25 0″ East
Longitude with an elevation of 1500m to 2811M meters above sea level. The specific feature of the
project area in terms of temperature is from 28 to 24oC and a rainfall pattern range is average 1200-
1300 mm per annum.
Figure 4-1: Location of the Project Site

The size of the washing station is about 2.0 ha, with waste management facilities of one pits
(30X25X6M) length, width and depth respectively for lagoon and one pulp separator and pulp
collection center located at 50 m between fermentation tank, and lagoon pit at 35m from Gigessa
River.
Existing Coffee Waste-Lagoon Sepetic Tank
2 3
1
Figure 4-2: View of the Project Site Waste Collection Sractures

4.2 Project Description
Approximately half of the world coffee harvest is processed by the wet method in which the coffee
berry is subjected to mechanical and biological operation in order to separate the bean or seed from
the exocarp (skin), mesocarp (mucilaginous pulp) and the endocarp (parchment) (Clark, 1985). Pulp
represents about 40-41% of the weight of the fresh fruit and presently is underutilized, causing
serious pollution problems. Coffee waste effluents consist about 45% from the processing total
water consumed.
SHOICHO WET COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY (PLC) project intends to develop its
high quality washed coffee resources to augment supply of parchment coffee to the national coffee
market for several years. The washing station is one of the Dara-Otolicho woreda coffees
processing industry which is meant to stimulate economic and social development through meeting
the high demand of quality washed coffee products in the country and it’s also to meet proponent’s
economic desires. This washing station is established in area of main Arabica coffee producing belt.
The project possesses the conventional type of machine AAGARD 5-disk pulpier with 2-disk
repossess.
The industry has prepared one waste (mucilage) (30X25X5M) length, width and depth respectively collection
Sepetic Tank. On the other hand the coffee husks separation pit and water circulation system stracture is
not well established, It should be constructed new husk and waste separater stracture. Both pits are not lined
with concrete and not maintained good.

Figure 4-3: Coffee Pulp separator & Wastewater Recirculation System

The conventional wet coffee processing plant required is about 85,085 liters of water to process 1
tons of fresh cherry coffee fruit. Consequently, in relation to environmental pollution the project
assets are part of the study which is described in the following list of table1. The WMP of the project
report was including information gathered whether or not the project proponent, asset Values impact
analysts and details contained in the washing station which are below in the Table 4-1.
Table 4-1: Summary of the Project Site Facilities
Facility Qut Remarks

Red Cherry Sorting Shade 1 Concrete slab and paving
Red Cherry Reception 1 Concrete slab and paving
Cherry Hoper/Siphon 1 Concrete slab and paving
Pulpier Machine House and water channels 1 Concrete slab and paving
Fermentation and Firs Washing Tank 1 Concrete slab and paving
Water reservoir/water sump 1 Concrete slab and paving
Skin Separator tank 1 Not Concrete slab and paving
Washing and Grading Channels and Soaking 1 Concrete slab and paving
Motor House 1
Washed Coffee Storage 1 Concrete slab and paving
Office and Residence 1 Concrete slab and paving
Water Pump and Pipe line 1 Mild Steel
Electric Institution
Skin drying tray 160
Main drying Bed 200
Toilet House 1 No Concrete slab and paving
Waste managing collection center 1 No Concrete slab and paving

4.3 Company/Applicant
Name of Owner SHOICHO WET COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY(PLC)

2.1.1 Nationality: Ethiopian
2.1.2 Type of business: Parchment coffee production
2.1.3 Address : Address Mobile: ---------------------
Project Name: SHOICHO WET COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY(PLC)
2.1.4 Status of the Project: Established in 2002
Established Site area: Dara-Otilicho Woreda, Sidama National Regional State
Specific location: ShoichoKebele
Size of washed station land: 2.0 Ha
Legal Form of organization: PLC
Right of Occupancy: private

5 Baseline Information of the Project Environment

The following baseline information details were reviewed on environmental, ecological and bio-
physical characteristics of the surrounding of the washing station which have got a benchmark for a
continued monitoring and evaluation of the impact of the washing station activities on to
environment. The wet coffee processing station is a global industry and trade that has important
socio-economic implications for the communities and countries which are endowed with suitable
natural resources to offer hard currency generation. Thus SHOICHO WET COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY
(PLC) area has the following environmental conditions are;
5.1 Demographic & Economical Characteristics of the Project Area
Since there is no relevant demographic data, we are considering the previous Dara woreda
demographic & Economical Characteristics data. According to a 2004 report, Dara had 8 kilometers
of asphalt road, 66 kilometers of all-weather roads and 16 kilometers of dry-weather roads, for an
average road density of 369 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers. Based on the 2007 Census
conducted by the CSA, this woreda has a total population of 155,265, of whom 76,475 are men and
78,790 women; 10,660 or 6.87% of its population are urban dwellers. With Sidama as the
predominate tribe (CSA, 2007).
5.2 Geology and Morphology
About 70% of the Woreda is relief can be categorized under hill and mountain ranges. The
remaining 30% is occupied by valleys, dissected land form, flat plain rolling plateaus. Some of the
perennial river includes Bonikoka, and Gegessa. Dara-Otilicho Woreda is high landscape and at a
mean level of 1811 meters above sea level.
The majority of the land mass (25%) is categorized by the Woredas as lowland with and the
remaining 75% of the Woreda as midland. The climate of the Woreda is moderately wet in the
highlands, and humid in the woyena dega areas. The main rainy season (meher) starts usually in June
and lasts until August, with some irregularities in the kola areas and small rains which runs from
March to April (’belg’).
5.3 Climate
Annual rain fall range between 1250mm-1500mm and it has two agro ecology kola and woinadega.
Most of the kebele are found in the woinadega climatic zone and average temperature range between
15 - 280C (Dra Agricultural Office, 2011). Dara-Otilicho Woreda is high landscape and at a mean
level of 1811 meters above sea level.

6 Potential Impacts of Wet-Coffee Processing

6.1 Characteristic of Wet-Coffee Industry Wastes
Ethiopia is one of a well-known coffee (Arabica) producing, processing and exporting country.
Coffee Processing industry in Ethiopia are generating very high amount of pollution in the water
resources because they are disposing its effluent to the nearby water course without any treatment.
Because of this reason there is great political and social pressure to reduce the pollution arising from
coffee industrial activities. The most commonly used coffee processing method in Ethiopia is wet
processing one. It demands high amount of water to separate the outer red coffee skin and pulp and
also for the removal of the mucilage in fermentation tank
According to Selvamurugan et al.., the conventional wet coffee processing plants is required 85,085
litter of water for the processing of 1 tons of fresh cherry coffee. Due to this high water demanding
nature of this wet coffee processing plant is usually constructed very near to river or other water
streams. Because of this reason it is possible to say all wet-coffee processing industries are the main
cause of environmental pollution.
Wet-mill coffee industry processing consist two main types of by-products such as Pulp and
mucilaginous lagoon. Pulp represents about 40% of the weight of the fresh fruit and mucilaginous
lagoon is 45%, presently is underutilized, causing serious pollution problems.
The coffee waste effluent consists of different sugars, crude protein, crude fiber, different nutrients
and chemicals which are generated from red cherry processing and its fermentation processes. The
coffee wastewater is also containing organic compounds which create high BOD and COD demand
in water body. Coffee fermentation has high sugars contain in fermentation tank that generates high
acidity conditions. The effluent also consists of different toxic chemicals such as tannins, alkaloids
(caffeine) and polyphenolic compounds and nutrients like nitrate and phosphate. Discharge of such
kinds of untreated coffee washed effluent into open environment and the downstream river which
bring various environmental and public health problems.
It can also cause socio-economic impacts mainly due to human health problems and loss of
biodiversity. The presence of organic material and its demand of great quantities of oxygen to
degrade confer a toxic nature.
6.2 Annual Project Washed Coffee Production Plan
SHOICHO WET COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY(PLC) project annual washed coffee

production plan were taken to speculation the amount of project coffee waste generation and its
impact. The project processing industry machine type is AAGARD 5-disk pulping with 2-disk re-
passes machine. Based on the owner annual washed coffee production plan in the year 2021 and the
machine annual processing capacity is 1,872,000 red-cherry per crop season.
Based on the project owner’s annual washed coffee production plan in the year 2021 is 936,000 kg
per year (50% of the machine capacity). The project plant will operate one shift within 24 hours a

day, and 900 working days a year, but for red cherry processing only 78 days per year. Based on this
assumption the owner’s was planned to production 177,840 kg parchment coffee per year and
supply to the Ethiopia commodity exchange market. The detail of production program is shown
below in the table 6.1.
Table 6-2: Project Annual Parchment Coffee Production Plan

Description Unit Qt
Industry machine type AAGARD 5-disk
Red Cherry Pulping capacity of 1-disk (Kg/per hrs) kg 800
Pulping capacity of 5-disk( Kg/per hrs) kg 4,000
Pulping hour /day hr 6
Annual working days day 78
Total Annual Red Cherry Requirement kg 1,872,000
Project utilization capacity (50%) kg 936,000
Total Parchment coffee production in kg 19% 177,840
6.2.1 Estimated Waste Generation from the Industry

Based on the above annual washed coffee production plan, the consultant estimated the amount
coffee industry waste effluent arises and associated negative impact to the environmental. The above
bench marks of coffee pulping industry water requirement for the processing of 1tons of red cherry,
this conventional wet coffee processing plant, use of water is about 80,085 litter per tones coffee
fruit is required. This consultancy estimation will be import for the project owners to allocated
environmental cost of budget for the gross waste management mitigation measure, for the eco-
solution of the business and reduction of the environmental cost. Here, therefore, the detailed
information of the amount of waste generation was estimated and is shown below table 3.
Table 6-3: The Amount of Waste in Shoicho Coffee Pulping Industry

Description Unit Qt
Total Annual Red Cherry Requirement per year kg 936,000
Water Requirement /tones of Red Cherry Fruit liter 85,085
Total Annual water Requirement water Liter 79,639,560
Type of Waste component unit % Qt
Fresh pulp (82 % MC)& fresh skin tons 40% 374
Mucilaginous effluents from total H2O Consumed Litter/yer 45% 35,837,802
It is concluded that, this coffee industry will have 374 tons mucilaginous contaminated solid waste
(coffee pulp) and 35,837,802 tons of lagoon liquid waste (wastewater or effluents) will be generate
due to its high water demanding nature of the pulping machine. Those generated solid and liquid
waste is containing a very high potential of environment pollutants (effluent), when it disposing to
the downstream of water course with no any treatment. Such coffees wastes are nowadays become
series problem on receiving environment especially on water bodies and human health. The detailed
type of waste and its impact is well described in the next section.

6.3 Types and Nature of Waste in Wet-Coffee Processing Industry

Waste is defined by the EP Act as including anything that is left over, or an unwanted by-product or
surplus, from coffee industrial activity. This coffee wastes are generated by Shoicho Wet-Coffee
Processing Industry(PLC) from wide range of wet coffee processing activities. The principal
generated waste can be broadly categorized as:
 Fermented effluents (different sugars, crude protein, high acidity, tannins, alkaloids
(caffeine) and polyphenolic compounds and nutrients like nitrate and phosphate)
 coffee pulp with different nutrients and chemicals components;
 Asset decommissioning and abandonment after coffee processing activities.
This type of waste is categorized as being one of the following two waste classes:
 Regulated type of Waste: wastes that require specific controls or actions as defined by EPA
legislation. Such coffee Lagoon type of waste is listed, hazardous, regulated and controlled
wastes that typically have unique handling and disposal requirements in order to manage
specific hazards associated with them. In this case such as different sugars, crude protein,
crude fiber, different nutrients and chemicals and toxic chemicals such as tannins,
alkaloids (caffeine) and polyphenolic compounds are generated and considered as regulated
waste.
 Recyclable type of Waste: Waste that are able to be reconditioned, reprocessed or reused. In
this case coffee pulp is considered as recyclable waste. For the further information for each
waste class is more described in the following sections.
6.3.1 Recyclable Waste (Coffee Pulp)

Recyclable wastes commonly generated by this wet coffee processing industry are include; sugar
substances and nutritive contain coffee pulp. This waste type contained different nutrients and
chemicals like Nitrogen and Phosphorus. These nutrients after long fermentation process which are
released to the downstream river and other water bodies; the water is become rich in mineral and
organic nutrients that promote a proliferation of aquatic plants, especially blue green algae. By these
reason organic compounds of NOx is released to water bodies. During microbial oxidations of
nitrogenous waste is cased acidification of fresh water body. As a result, the acidic nature waste
carbonic acid and nitric acids are produced which is able to lower the pH level of the river water
(water become at lower pH)? Acidic water body will create a condition where aquatic plants,
animals and microbes are hardly survived.
The coffee pulp has high amount of protein substances. Discharge of this coffee pulp fermented
black rise effluent to the water body which can increase the concentrations of ammonia and nitrogen
in the river. Thus, it creates anaerobic aquatic environment where aquatic organisms are unable to
get enough oxygen for further aerobic respiration and very difficult for their survival.
6.3.2 Regulated Waste

Regulated wastes are generated by this wet coffee processing Industry which has an adverse effect to
the receiving environment. Wastes are fermented toxic mucilage and effluent consists of different
sugars, crude protein, crude fiber and different toxic chemicals such as tannins, alkaloids (caffeine)

and polyphenolic compounds. Discharge of a large quantity of protein, carbohydrates and other
organic matter also increase biological and chemical demand of oxygen.
Oxygen serve as electron accepter during oxidation of these reduced in to organic chemical
substances and can deplete the dissolved oxygen in the river water. On the other hand discharge of
such kinds of effluent into open environment and the river as well as any water bodies will cause
various environmental and public health problems. Generally this type of waste is classified as
regulate waste which is requires strong control, treatment and careful control on-site waste
management.
6.4 Project Waste Management System

6.4.1 Liquid (Lagoon) Waste Collection Center
Shoicho Wet-Coffee Processing Industry (PLC) has one drilled collection centers (DCC) which
are unlined wall along the side of the river side to collect coffee processing wastewater from the
flow washed channel, mucilage containing water from the fermentation thank and final washing
wastewater from the washing channels during the processing activities. The wastewaters were flows
through channel collectively and collect in the septic tank (lagoons) exposed live for evaporation.
But the lagoons in the septic tank usually collected without any treatment, the blue green algae were
developed and form layer upon the lagoons which prevents evaporation of the waste. Because of this
poor waste handling system which is further result in toxic substance and remains in the pit
throughout the year. The next production and processing time the waste may expected discharged to
the downstream rivers. This washing station required improved Environmental and Social
Management Plan (ESMP) for the sustainable environmental protection.
6.4.2 Solid (Coffee Pulp) Collection Center

In this coffee washing Industry has one pulp separator with no concrete lining. This collection
center is used for the temporary collection of coffee pulp with the separation of pulping water
section. This operation were done due to the processing machine is installed with no water
recycling system the wastewater simply flow to the down Gigessa River not in to septic pit, it
should be established well develop water recirculation system, unless otherwise frequently
monitoring by the authorized organization.
This pulp separation and collection system keep the whole pulp until to form hip in certain days,
since pulp coating sugars mucilage substance together are predominantly common practice used in
this industry, this fevered of aggregate to contaminated pulp with high sugars compound in
collection center a common practices. The pulp goes to farther fermentation; it generates heavy
black toxic compounds which have adverse effect on to the receiving environment.
Generally this wet coffee processing industry waste management facilities practice is a highly
expose to the risk to pollution; It should be developing new WMP.
6.5 Environmental Impact of the Project

6.5.1 Positive Impact
Coffee has a vital economic importance to the local community as whole for the nation. Coffee is the biggest
source of foreign exchange earning that can enable the country import capital and consumable goods. Some
of the positive impacts are;

Important the local coffee producer’s as capable of market bargaining power

Increase the country's foreign exchange earnings
Significant benefits to the investor as well as surrounding areas by reviling income
generating.
The Federal as well as the Regional governments would also receive substantial amount of
revenue in the form of different taxes including profit tax.
Socio-economic impact on the communities with provision of local employment opportunities and an
increase in local market sales
Job opportunities will be available for skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers during coffee
processing
Physical and social infrastructure will be realized. This will include local community support on
health facilities, schools and road.
Figure 6-3 : Possible Uses for the By‐products of Coffee
6.5.2 Negative Impact

Due to its nature of high wastewater further produce an effluent which consists of different sugars,
crude protein, crude fiber, different nutrients and chemicals which come from two step of process
one from coffee pulping and others from fermentation processes. The SHOICHO WET-COFFEE
PROCESSING INDUSTRY(PLC) site has sufficient buffer distance (more than 50 meters) from
the Doro Tuto water stream which is well covered by vegetation. Some of the associated negative
impacts are;
6.5.2.1 Impact on Water Bodies

The presence of these toxic chemicals: – alkaloids, tannins, and poly-phenolics makes more
difficulty of biological degradation of organic material in the wastewater. This is resulted the main
ecological effect of organic pollution in a water course (into which effluents have been discharged)
which cause the lowering of oxygen content in the water bodies. The organic substances diluted in
the wastewater to break down very slowly in microbiological processes, using up oxygen from the
water. Due to the decrease in oxygen content, the demand for oxygen to break down organic material
in the wastewater exceeds the supply, dissolved in the water, thus creating anaerobic conditions in
water bodies.

According to Asian Journal of Science and Technology May, 2015 study in Ethiopia, the amount of
oxygen needed to biologically break down organic wastes diluted in water (BOD) could be as high
as normal(15,000 mg/l) while the amount of dissolved oxygen required to combine with chemicals
in the wastewater (COD), could be between (15,000 and 25,000 mg/l). The resulting anaerobic
conditions can be fatal to aquatic creatures and also cause bad odour; moreover, the bacteria
cause health problems if the wastewater seeps into a source of potable water. All these are
potentials of adverse impact on the environment.
The organic and acetic acids from the fermentation of the sugars make the wastewater very acidic
(with pH as low as 3.8), a condition in which higher plants and animals can hardly survive.
Moreover, the total suspended solids in the effluents are high; in particular, the digested mucilage,
when precipitated out of the solution, builds a crust on the surface, clogging up waterways and
further contributing to the anaerobic conditions. Both studies of these concentrations were much
higher than the permissible limits prescribed by WHO. The detail information is shown below
Figure 6. 2.
Figure 6-4: Permited Standard of Wet Coffee Processing Waste in Water Body
6.5.2.2 Impact on Human Health

Discharge of such kinds of effluent into open environment and river can bring various causes in
socio-economic impacts mainly due to human health problems and several physiological disorders
human with the most sensitive parts being kidneys, blood and nervous system.
The waste can be also caused on psychological effects such as noise annoyance and disruption of
concentration. Physical effects include loss of hearing, pain, nausea, and interference with
contaminations exposure to bad odor.
In conclusion to ensure sustainable production processed washed coffee production and its
economic benefits, sound and cost effective coffee Environmental and Social Management Plan
(ESMP) developed options are obligatory.
6.5.2.3 Soil Pollution

Due to the extensive coffee processing waste involved in and out of the industry area the waste
dispose on the surrounding land leveling, which the soil exposed to soil pollution, this was a serious
problem in the area. The industry area water and soils are particularly expected vulnerable, but no
any visible soils pollution case in this coffee industry.

6.5.2.4 Air Pollution

Coffee Industrial activities within the surrounding area the coffee by-product collect and dispose in
the industry living for long fermentation husk and mucilage with hydro carbon such as sugar and
moisture content undergo rapid fermentation generates offensive odours through this multiple small
case multi allergic effete and increase in releases of various toxic constituents into the atmosphere.
These activities have counted for the poor ambient air quality of the coffee environment. The
emission of noxious gases during the processing season and after operation for a long period the
industry waste polluted the environment air.

7 DERSE H/YIMER WET-COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY IMPACT

MITIGATION MEASURES
7.1 Project Waste Management Hierarchy Principles
The project will use a sustainable approach to improve its waste management practice. This
approach involves in identification of its waste level and revolves around the identified hierarchy,
which provides a guideline to target waste production and disposal. The successful implementation
of this waste hierarchy principles assist in this industry to:
 Minimize waste volumes and the risk of causing harm to the environment; and
 Maximize operational efficiency and environmental performance.
The consultancy was identified the following waste management hierarchy for this coffee industry,
from most preferable to least preferable, which is illustrated in Figure 7.1. Each step of the hierarchy
is discussed further in the following Sections.
Figure 7-5: Project Wet-Coffee Industry Waste Management Hierarchy
7.1.1 Waste Reduction from the Source

Waste reduction is closely tied to waste avoidance as described above. However, waste reduction
can be achieved at any stage of a wet coffee processing by daily removing the processes of pulp
materials rather than to collect along time in one place, to achieve a more resource efficient process.
In the case of coffee wastewater to be reduced; it is one of the efficient and most economical method
is the quantity of wastewater generated at the source should be reduced. Subsequent modifications in
processing machinery installing of recycling pump system which can be reduce water usage by 90%.
Therefore the present coffee industry wastewater 35,837,802 tons (table 6.2) should be reduced by
re-installing water recycling system in the machines that reduction in quantity of water is one of the
most important aspects at the min time in reducing the size of collection pit and environmental cost.
Waste reduction also requires less energy than the waste management options listed further down the
hierarchy by designing out waste before it is created. Waste itself is an indicator that systems and

processes can be better designed. This application described below in the practical recommendation
section.
7.1.2 Waste Reuse

Wet coffee processing waste are able to be reused with no or minimal treatment. Predominant reuse
opportunities within this wet coffee processing industry include the use of husk and pulp composite
preparation for commercial organic fertilizer and use growing media for Mushroom production and
other commercial use. This application described below in the practical recommendation section.
7.1.3 Waste Recycling

Waste recycle with treatment is no more sophistication and more costly in principle. In this case
coffee waste types generated from this wet coffee processing industry activities are able to be treated
by EM (Effective Micro-organism) on fresh pulp for reuse agricultural fertilizer and liquid waste
on-site or for safe use for agriculture irrigation to produce horticulture crops. Existing wastes treated
by EM for reuse where appropriate and/or release to land, comprise to:
 Reduce hydrocarbon contamination to soils and farm land or in-situ where possible ;
 Reduce wastewaters, including: Sewage at polluted the downstream rivers.
For more detailed discussion on the treatment and management of wastewaters, including toxic
water generated within this project, refer to the Wet-Coffee Industry Environmental and Social
Management Plan section.
7.1.4 Waste Recovery (Energy from Waste)

Most of the biogas digesters are fed with cow dung or latrine waste. By-products of coffee
processing, which are currently discarded as waste, could be an alternative feedstock. The rates and
extent of bio-degradation are crucial in anaerobic fermentation of agricultural residues, which in turn
depend on lignocellulose contents and properties. Higher cell contents (protein, carbohydrates,
and fats) tend to ferment easily and result in higher methane production. The complex interaction
of hemicellulose and lignin often leads to a reduced cellulose hydrolysis. However, in a first
approximation, lignin content in substrates has been proven to be a good predictor of methane
potential from agro-industrial wastes. This application described below in the recommendation
section.
7.1.5 Waste Disposal

This waste hierarchy is the last option in coffee industry. Wastes that cannot be reused, recycled or
treated for beneficial reuse will be segregated and stored in designated waste storage areas at which
location for collection center is permitted by authorized bodies. If there is waste disposal facilities
are located within the immediate area or project area as well as the surrounding region landfills
areas, which is permitted by the authorized organizational. This application described below in the
recommendation section.
7.2 Future Waste Management Practices

In this wet coffee processing Industry previously and currently implementation of waste
management system by far was good and more general practice, but which was not an avoidable of
fermented toxic sewage wastes. However, the project should be improved current practices to ensure

that the project assets and activities that generate, receive (store) or dispose of waste having an
understanding and in recognition of the waste management hierarchy system, which is important to know;
 The types and quantities of waste generated, received and/or disposed; and
 Any risks associated with the handling and disposal of these wastes.
These principal practices are discussed in further recommendation of WMP and for this detail as
flows;
7.2.1 Waste Inventory Practice

All assets and/or activities that generate, store or manage waste shall use a waste inventory to record
the details of waste products. Inventory information is to include:
 The type and volume of each waste;
 The source of the waste; and
 The destination / fate of the waste.
Waste inventories enable the accurate assessment of waste data. Waste inventories therefore directly
assist in the implementation of the waste avoidance and waste reduction principles of the waste
hierarchy by enabling the review of the waste streams generated by wet coffee processing activities
and consequently identify opportunities for improvement. Waste inventories are also important to
enable the accurate reporting of waste types and volumes to the regulatory bodies as required (e.g.
sustainability reporting).
7.2.2 Waste Storage and Handling Practice

In these industry area waste facilities described in above section, coffee processing wastes requiring
careful handling for recycling and/or disposal are stored within designated waste storage septic tank.
Wastes are broadly segregated into general, recyclable and regulated waste types, with further
segregation within each category (as required) for ease of identification and collection and to avoid
contamination.
Fermented toxic waste requires more specific storage, treatment and handling requirements due to
their potential to cause environmental harm and/or health and safety issues. Toxic wastes will be
stored in appropriate septic tanks with waste treatment that are appropriately labeled and where
applicable, in accordance with the recommendations of relevant Safety Regulation Acts.

8 የአካባቢና ማህበረሰብ የጎንዮሽ ተፅዕኖ የመከላከያ ዕቅድ (Environmental and Social

Impact Management Plan)
የቅድመ ፕሮጀክት ‘’አካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ተፅዕኖ ግምገማ’’ (Envirnomental & social Impact
Assignment (ESIA) ልየታ ደንብ መሰረት በካባቢና ማህበረሰቡ ላይ የጎንዮሽ ጉዳት የማያስከተሉና
የሚስከትሉ መሆናቸው ሳይገመገሙ ስራ ላይ ያሉ ረጂም ጊዜ የቆዩ የታጠበ ቡና ኢንዱስትሪዎች
በወረዳው ይገኛሉ፡፡ በመሆኑም ሾኢቾ እሸት ቡና መፈልፈያ ኢንዱስትሪ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር
በዳራ-ኦትልቾ ከሚገኙ የታጠበ ቡና ማዘጋጃ ኢንዱስትሪዎች አንዱነው፡፡
ኢንዱስትሪዎቹ በየምርት ዘመኑ ወደ ስራ ሲገቡ በሚያስከትሉት የአካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ጉዳት

መነሻነት በማድረግ ‘’መዝጋትና እንደጋና መክፈት ወይም ወደሌላ አካባቢ መቀየር’’ የታጠበ ቡና
ምርት ማዘጋጃ ኢንዱስትሪዎች የሚያስከትሉትን ተፅዕኖ ለመከላል አማራጭ ሊሆን አይችልም፡፡
አማራጭ ሊሆን የሚችለው ዘርፈ ብዙ ለአካባቢ ተስማሚና ተግራዊ ለማድረግ ቀላል የሆኑ
የመከላከያ ዘዴን መጠቀም ለአካባቢ ብክለት ለመቀነስ ተግባራዊ ማድረግ የተሸለ አማራጭ ሲሆን
የሚከተሉት የመከላከያ ዘደዎች በአማካሪ ድርጅቱ ብቁ ናቸው ያላላቸውን ተግባር ላይ የዋሉ
መከላከያ ዘዴዎች እንደ ሚከተለው ተመርጠው ቀርበዋል፡፡
8.1 የመከላከያ ዘዴና አተገባበር (Type of Mitigation Measures)
ድርጅቱ ከሚያመነጨው የደረቅና ፈሳሻ ቆሻሳ ባህሪና የድርጅቱ አመታዊ የእሸት ቡና የመፈልፈል እቅድ መነሻ
በማድረግ የሚፈጠረው ተረፈ ምርት ብክለትን ለመከላከል የሚከተላቸውን የስራ አመራር ዘዴዎች በመለየት፣
ኢንዱስትሪ በሚገኝበት ቦታ በመገኘት ከተሰበሰበው መረጃ፣ የሌሎች እሸት ቡና ማቋቋሚያ አካባቢና ማህበረሰብ
ተፅዕኖ ግምገማ ሰነድ በመነሻ ነት የተወሰደ መረጃ እና አለማቀፍ የታጠበ ቡና ቆሻሻ የመከላከል ዘዴዎች የተገኘን
መረጃ በማካተት ሾኢቾ እሸት ቡና መፈልፈያ ኢንዱስትሪ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር አካባቢና ማህበረስብ ተፅዕኖ ስራ
አመራር ዕቅድ ሰነድ ውስጥ በዘላቂና ችግሩን ፈች በሆነ አስራር የመከላከያ ዘዴዎች ተተግብረዋል፡፡ በተደረገው
ጥና ትንተና ውጤት መሰረት አማካሪ ድርጅቱ ብቁ ናቸው ያላላቸውን የተተገበሩ መከላከያ ዘዴዎች
እደሚከተለው ቀርበዋል፡፡
a) ሙሉ የዳግም ዉኃ ዝውውር ዘዴ ማቋቋም( Established New full water recycling process

system)
b) ባዮ - ፊዚካል መከላከያ ዘዴን ማቋቋም (Established New Bio-filtration wetland (“Vittiver
Grass”) waste filtration technology)
c) ባዮ - ኬሚካል መጠቀም(Use of organic decomposer waste treatment)
d) ዙሪያው በኮንክሪት የተሰራ ዘመናዊ የልጋግ ጉድጓድ መገንባት(Construct modern septic tank
(Conventional Treatment Methods)
e) የሚመነጨውን ተረፈ ምርት ለሌሎች ልማት ግባዓት ማዋል( use of waste for Commercial
purpose,
f) ከራሚ/ያልተወገደ/ ተረፈ ምርት ያካባቢ ባለስልጣን በሚፈቅድ ቦታ ላይ ማስወገድ(waste disposal in
the permitted landfill area ( is as the final option)

g) አሁን ያለውን ማሻን አነስተኛ ውኃ በሚጠቀም ማሻን መቀየር( old Machine is replaced by
“ecological” designs mechanical de-mucilagers (Du-7500)
8.1.1 ሙሉ የዳግም ዉኃ ዝውውር ዘዴ ማቋቋም(Established New full water recycling process

system)
በመሰረቱ የታጠበ ቡና ምርት ማዘጋጃ ኢንዱስትሪዎች ምርት በሚያዘጋጅበት ወቅት የሚፈለፍሉበት የውኃ አጠቃቀም
በሙሉ ዳግም ውሃ ዝውውር(with Full water recycling) ነው፡፡ ይሁን እንጂ በዳራ-አትልቾ ወረዳ ያሉ የታጠበ
ኢንዱስትሪዎች ያለዳግም ውሃ ዝውውር (without water recycling) አተቃቀም ዘዴ የሚከተሉና ለአካባቢና
ማህበረሰብ ብክለት የሚስከትሉ ናቸው ብሎ መውሰድ ይቻላል፡፡
በመሆኑም ሾኢቾ እሸት ቡና መፈልፈያ ኢንዱስትሪ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር የዳግም ውሃ ዝውውር (witout water
recycling) ዘዴ ከሚጠቀሙ የሚመደብ በመሆኑ 1 ቶን ቀይ እሸት ቡና ለመፈልፈል 85,085 ሊትር ዉሃ የሚያስፈልገው
በመሆኑ ብክለት ይቀንሳል ማለት አያስችልም፡፡ በመሆኑም የዳግም ውሃ ዝውውር ዘዴ ሙሉ በሙሉ የተሟላ ባለመሆኑ
ማእደገና መትከል ያስፈልጋል፡፡ ከዚህ ጋር ተያይዞ በድርጅቱ አመታዊ የታጠበ ቡና የማዘጋጀት እቅድ ተነስተን በአማካኝ
55,0440 ኪ/ግ ቡና ለመፈልፈል በአማካኝ 57,340,483 ሊትር ውሃ በፕሮጅቸቱ በጀት አመት ይጠቀማል በዚህም ከፍተኛ
የሆነ የደረቅና ፈሳሽ ቆሻሻ ያመነጫል. የሚመነጨውን የፈሳሻ ቆሻሻ ለመቀነስ አዲስ የዳግም ውሃ ዝውውር መገንባት
(with Full water recycling) ዘዴን በመዘርጋት የሚፈልገውን የውሃ መጠን 85,085 ሊትር ወደ 13,408 ሊትር 1 ቶን
እሸትቡና ለመፈልፈ አጠቃቀም ማስተካከል ይገባል፡፡ ይህ የአሰበራር ዘዴ አጠቃላይ የፕሮጀክቱ አመታዊ የውሃ ፍላጎትን
በ 90% ይቀንሳል፡፡ በመሆኑም ፕሮጀክቱ አሁን ላይ ካለበት አካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ተፅእ ከማስከተል በ 90% መቀነስ
ስለሚያስችለው ሙሉ የዳግም ውሃ ዝውውር አጠቃቀምን የመተግበር ግደታ መሆኑ መወሰድ አለበት፡፡ የዳግም ውሃ
ዝውውር ዘዴ የመዘርጋት ሂደቱ በሚከተለው 8-1 ስዕል ላይ መመልከት ይቻላል፡፡
Figure 8-6: Fow Diagram of Established New Water Recycling Mechanism
8.1.2 ባዮ-ፊዚካል መከላከያ ዘዴን ማቋቋም (Established New Bio-filtration wetland (“Vittiver
Grass”) waste filtration technology)
ድርጅቱ የታጠበ ቡና በሚያዘጋጅበት ሂደት ውስጥ በሚያመነጫጨው የደረቅና የፈሳሻ ተረፈ ምርት አማካኝነት
በአካባቢና በማህበረሰብ ላይ የጎንዮሽ ጉዳት ሊያስከትል የሚችል አቅሙ ከፍተኛ ሊሆን ስለሚችል ታቷል፡፡
ምክንያቱሙ ኢንድስትሪው በወረዳው ካሉት የታጠበ ቡና ማዘጋጃ ኢንዱስትሪዎች ብክለት መከላኬ ዘዴዎች

ገንብቶ ስራ ላይ አውለዋል፡፡ ድርጅቱ ብዛታቸው 1 የሆኑ (30X25X5 ሜትር) ስፋትና ቁመትና ጥረልቀት ያላው የቡና
ልጋግ ማከማች ጉድጓድ ያው ቢሆንም ብክለትን ለመከላከል በቂ አይደለም፡፡ ስለሆነም 25 ሜ/ር በ 25 ሜ/ር ስፋትና ቁበት
0.05 ሜ/ር ጥልቀት ዜሮ ፕርሰንት ተዳፋትነት ያለው ከመዘፍዘፊያ ገንዳ የሚወጣውን ፈሳሽ ቆሻሻ ቀጥታ ቨትቨር ሳር
ውስጥ በማስገባት ማጣራት ከተጣራ በኋላ ንፁህ ውሃ ወደ ሁለተኛው ጉድጓድ በማስተላለፍ ተግባራዊ የሆነ መላከያ ዘዴ
ተግባራዊ ማድረግ ያስፈልጋል፡፡
የቨትቨር ሳር የቡና ልጋግ ማጣሪያ ዘዴ (‘’Vetiver grass’’ developing system of waste management System)
ሶስት ዋና ዋና ጥቅሞች ምክንያት ተፈላጊ ነው፡፡
1. የቡና ልጋግ ቆሻሻ የማጣራት (Purification of Wastewater): የቡና ፈሳሽ ቆሻሻ (ልጋግ) በከፍጠና የስኳራማ
ተፈጥሮው ከፍተኛ የሆነ የሚበሰብስና የማይበሰብስ ኬሚካል ይዞ ይገኛል (organics, solids, and nutrients).
በመሆኑም ቭቲቨር ሳር(‘’Vetiver grass’’) በልጋጉ የሚገኘውን ናይትሮጅንና ፎስፎረስ ለስህነ-ህይወት እድገቱ
በመጠቀም ውሃ ውስጥ ቢገባ የውሃ ስለምግብ ተፈጥሮን በማዛበት በውሃ ውስት ብክለት የሚያሰከትሉትን
በከፍተኛ ደረጃ የማጣራት አቅሙ ተጠቅሞ የማስወድ አቅም ስላለው፡፡
2. በውሃ ውስጥ የሚፈጠር የአልጌ መባዛትን ይከላከላል (Purification of Coffee Waste Eutrophicated
Water): የቡና ልጋግ በውሃ ውስጥ ቢገባ በውስጡ የየያዛቸውን ሚኒራልና ኦርጋኒክ ምግቦችን በውሃ ውስጥ ያሉ
ተክሎች በመመገብ እየተባዙ ስለሚመጡ (especially blue green algae) በውሃ ውጥ ያለውን ኦክስጊን
በመሻማት በሌሎች ህይዎት ባላቸው ስለ-ህይወት እድገት ላይ ተፅዕኖ በማስከተል ጉዳት ያስከተልል በመሆኑ
ቨትቨር ሳርን በቆሻሻ ውሃ ላይ በተንሳፋፊ መደቦች ላይ በመትከል ችግሩን ማስወገድ ይቻላል፡፡
3. በቆሻሻ ውሃ ላይ የፀሃይ ብርሃን ወደ ውስጥ እንዳይ ተላለፍ የሚፈጠር ችግርን ያስወግዳል (Hydroponic
Nature in Lagoon collection Center): በውሃ አካል ላይ በሚፈጠር የቡና ልጋግ (coffee waste
leachates or effluents, which is collected into the mucilage pit/tank) መስተዋታማ አካል በመፍጠር
የፀሃይ ብርሃን ወደ ውሃ፣አፈርና የመሬት ውስጥ እንዳይገባ በመከላከል ብክለትን የሚየስከትለውን ተፅዕኖ ይቀንሳል፡፡
ከታች በስዕል 8-2 የተመለከተውን የድርጅቱ ቨትቨር ሳር በየአመቱ በማደስ ማሻሻል ይገባል፡፡

25M
25M
wastewater(
Vetivers Grass Infiltration Basin Lagoon) In take
Purfied water
Outlet
Figure 8-7: Illustrate the “Vetiver grass’’ bio-physical filtration system
8.1.3 ባዮ-ኬሚካል ማከሚያ መጠቀም (Use of Organic Compound Decomposer Treatment)

ከታጠበ ቡና ማዘጋጃ የሚመነጭ ደረቅና ፈሳሻ ቆሻሻ ከፍተኛ ስኳራማ ሀይድሮ ካርበን ኮምፓውንድ ኬሚካል የያዘና
ከፍተኛ የአካባቢና ማህበረሰብ የጎንዮሽ ጠፅዕኖ የሚያስከትል በመሆኑ ይህንን ችግር ለመፍታት አሁን ላይ ያለው ፍቱን
መፍትሄ ተፈጥሯዊ የሆነ ባዮሎጂካል ኢፌክቲቨ ማይክሮ ኦጋኒዝምና የኖራ ህክም መጠቀም ነው፡፡ ሁለቱም የማከሚያ
ዘዴዎች ተፈጥሯዊ/ኦርጋኒክ/ ስለሆኑ በስነ-ህይወት ላይ ምንም አይነት ተፅዕኖ አያሳድሩም፡፡ በመሆኑም የታጠበ ቡና ተረፈ

ምርት ገለፈት ወደ ተፈጥሯዊ ማዳበሪያ የመቀየርና ሊፈጠር የሚችል አደገኛ ሽታን የማጥፋት ፍቱን መፍትሄ መሆኑ
የተረጋገጠ ሲሆን ዝርዝር አጠቃቀሙ እንደሚከተለው ቀርቧል፡፡
A) የቡና ገለፈትን ወደ ማዳበሪያነት የመለወጥና ሽታን ሚያጠፋ የተፈጥሮ ባዮሎጂካል ኬሚካል (EM): ይህ
የተፈጥሮ ባዮሎጂካል ኬሚካል(Effective Microorganisms (EM) በዓለም ላይ ከተፈጠሩት ባዮሎጂካል
ኬሚካል ወደር የሌለውና ለአካባቢ ተስማሚ ሆኖ ለረጂም ጊዜ ያለችግር በማገልገል ላይ ያለ
የተመሰከረለት ነው፡፡ ይህንን ቴክኖሎጂ ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ የፈተረው Professor. Dr. Teruo Higa of
University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan, ሲሆን በአለም ላይ ለግብር ግብዓትነትና
ለአካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ተፅዕኖ ለሚያስከትሉ የጎንዮሽ ገዳት መከላከያ ሆኖ በማገልገል ላይ ሚገኝ
የግብርና እና ኢንዱስትሪ ግብአት ነው፡፡ በመሆኑም ይህን ቴክኖሎጂ ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ ወደ ሀገራችን ያሰገባ
ድርጅት Woljeejii Agricultural PLC ሲሆን የግብርና የተፈጥሮ ማደበሪያ ማዘጋጃነት፣ የደሮ መኖ
ማምረቻ፤ የሽንትቤት ሽታ ማጥፊና የቡና ልጋግ ሽታ ማጥፊያ አገልግሎት በስፋት ላይ የዋለ ነው፡፡
አጠቃቀም(APPLICATON): ኢኤም የኢንዱስተሪ ተረፈ ምርት በማበስበስ ወደሌላ ጠቃሚ የተፈጥሮ

ማዳበሪያና ሽታ በማጥፋት የታወቀ ሲሆን በታጠበ ቡና ምርት ዝግጅት ላይ የሚፈጠሩ ደረቅና ፈሳሻ
ቆሻሻ በውስጡ የሚገኙ ሃይድሮ ካርበን ኮምፓውንድ በመሰባበር ወደሌላ ጥቅም የመቀየር አቅም አለው::
(EM is known recycling industrial waste to degrade toxic substances generated from coffee
industries by-products such as composition of coffee pulp and husk is organic and mainly
contains carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, fat, caffeine, polyphenols, and pectins that cause bad
odors of the surrounding atmosphere).
የኢኤም ውህድ የሟሟ ኬሚካል 1 ሊተር ለ 1000 ሊተር ፈሳሻ ቆሻሻ ላይ መጨመር ወይም በ 1 ካሬ ሜተር ላይ
የተቀመጠ የቡና ገለባ ቆሻሻ በ 200 ግራም ኢኤም ዱቄት በመርጨር የቡና ገለባውን በማበስበስ የተፈጥሮ ማዳባሪ
በ 45 ቀን ውስጥ ማዘጋጀት ፍቱን አማራጭ ማከሚያ ዘዴ ነው፡፡
(EM at dilution rate of 1:1000- 2000 liters of water)
Source of technology: Woljeejii Agricultural Industries PLCP.O.BOX 1892, DEBRE ZEIT,

Ethiopia, E-Mail [email protected]
B) ኖራን ለሽታ ማጥፊ መጠቀም( LIME TREATMENT):
ኖራን በቡና ፈሳሽ ቆሻሻ ማጠራቀሚያ ጉድጓድ ላይ ስንጠቀም በልጋግ ውስጥ የሚፈተረውን አደገኛ ሽታ
አመንጭ ኬሚካልና ለሰው አደገኛ የሆኑ ብረታማ ኬሚካሎችን በማምከን ወይም ሌላ የኬሚካል ውህድ
ሳፈጥሩ ቆሻሻን ማከም ይቻላል፡፡
አጠቃቀም፡ 0.5 ግራም ኖራ ለ 1 ሊትር ቆሻሻ ላይ በመጨመር ማከም ይቻላል፡ አጠቃቀሙን በተመለከተ ከቡና
ማጠቢያ ቡናን ለማጠብ በቡና ማጠቢያ ገንዳ ቡኬቱን ጨርሶ ፈሳሽ ቆሻሻ ከመዘፍዘፊ ገንዳ እንዲወገድ ወደ ልጋግ
ጉድጓድ መውረጃ በይ ላይ ይለቀቃል በዚህ ወቅት በሰው ሃይል መውረጃ በይ ላይ መጨመር ሲሆን ለደረቅ የቡና ገለባ
በተመለከት ቡናው ከተፈለፈለ በኋላ የሚወጣው ገለፈት በሁለተኛውና ሶስተኛው ቀን ቡኬት ሳይጀምር
በመጨመር ማከም ለበለጠ መረጃ ከታች የተመለከተውን 8-3 ስዕል መመልከት፡፡

EM-A pplication W hen the

Ferm ented Mucilage release
from the fernentation tank
INJECTING EM INTO THE
INJECTING EM INTO PULP
Figure 8-8 : Illustration of EM Application Coffee by-products
8.1.4 የቡና ልጋግ ጉድጓድ መጠገን (Maintenance and Construction of Septic Tank)
ፕሮጀክቱ ቀደም ሲል የተቋቋመ በመሆኑ ብዛታቸው 1 የሆኑ (30X25X5 ሜትር) ስፋትና ቁመትና ጥረልቀት ያላቸው
የቡና ልጋግ ማከማች ጉድጓዶች ("Lagoon Pits") ያለው ቢሆም የተሰራው ጉድጓድ ግድግዳው ከአፈር የተሰራ በመሆኑ
በቀላሉ ወደጎን ሊያሰርግ ስለሚችል ለብክለት ያጋልጣል፡፡ በዚህ ረገድ ፕሮጀክቱ በቀጣይ ያለውን የቡና ቆሻሻ ማከማች
ጉድጓድ (ሴፕቲክ ታንክ) በተሸሻለ አሰራር መገንባት አለበት።
የድርጅቱ ፈሳሽ ቆሻሻ በቨትቨር ሳር ተጣርቶ ወደ ማከማቻ ጉድጓድ ስለሚገባ ቀጣይ የብክለት መንስኤ ስለማይሆን
ተጣርቶ የመጣው ውሃ ለሌላ አገልግሎ ስከሚውል እና የቀረ ቆሻሻ ካለም ወደታች እስከሚዘቅጥ መቆያ ስለሆነ ግንባታው
ወደታች ባለው ጥልቅት መሰረት ዙሪያው በድጋና በሲሚንቶ የተገረፈ ሆኖ በደ ማጠራቀሚያ ጉድጓድ ቆሻሻውን
የሚያመጣው ቦይ በየደረጃው ዝቅና ከፍ ያለ ጥልቀት ያለው የተገነባ ቦይ ሊኖረው ይገባል ይህም በተለያዩ ቡና አምራች
ሀገራት የተለመደ የአሰራር ልምድ ስለሆነ ለበለጠ መረጃ በስዕል 8-4 የተመለከተውን ምሳሌ አድረጎ በመውሰድ መገንባት
ይቻላል፡፡

Figure 8-9 : Illustration of Settling Basin and Infiltration Pits
8.1.5 የቡና ገለፈትና ፈሳሽ ቆሻሻን ለንግድ ግብዓትነት ማዋል (Use of Coffee By-Products for Commercial
Purpose)
የቡና ገለፈትና ስኳራማ ልጋግ ቆሻሻ ከፍተኛ የሆነ የመበከል አቅም ስላለው የአካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ላይ ከፍተኛ
ተፅዕኖ እየፈጠረ ይገኛል፡፡ በዚህ ምክንያ የተለያዩ የመከላከያ ዘዴዎች እየተተገበሩ የሚገኝ ሲሆን ከዋና ዋና
የመከላከያ ዘዴዎች በተጨማሪ በተለያዩ ቡና አምራች ሀገራት የሚተገበር የቡና ተረፈ ምርት ለተለያዩ
ኢንዱስትሪ ተግባር እየዋለ ይገኛል፡፡ ከነዚህ ውስጥ በሀገራችን በቀላሉ በመተግበር የሚያስከትለውን ብክልት
ለመከላከል የተመረጡት የሚከተሉት ናቸው፡፡
A. የተፈጥሮ ማዳበሪያ ማዘጋጀት(COMPOSTING)
የኢኤም ውህድ 1 ሊትር ለ 5 ካሬ ሜትር የቡና ገለፈት ላይ በመጨመር የቡና ገለባ ውስጥ ያለውን ፋይቨር
በማበስበስ በ 45 ወይም ከ 3-4 ሳምንት ማዳባሪ ማድረስ ይቻላል፡፡ በመጀመሪያ በመሬት ውስጥ 1 ሜትር
ጥልቀት፣1 ሜተር ስፋትና 5 ሜትር ቁመት ወይም ከዚያ በላይ ቁመት ያለው ግድጓድ በመቆፈር ወይም
በቀርቀሃ የተሰራ መደብ ከመሬት በላይ በመስራት የቡና ገለባውን በተቀመጠው መጠን በመጨመር
መጠቀም ይቻላል፡፡ ይህ አሰራር የቡና አምራቹ የዩሪያ ባዳበሪ ፍላጎት በመተካት ከቡና ገለባ ማግኘት
ያስችላለ አጠቃቀሙም የበሰበሰ የቡና ገለፈት 6 ኪ/ግ ለአንድ የቡና ግን መተቀም የሚቻል ሲሆን ከዚህ
ባለፈ የተዘጋጀውን የተፈጥሮ ማዳበሪያ በሽያጭ ለሌሎች ማቅረብ ይቻላል፡፡

Figure 8-10 : Decomposed Coffee Pulp for Organic Fertilizer
B. ዕንጉዳይ ማምረቻነት መጠቀም(USE FOR MUSHROOM PRODUCTION)
የእንገዳይ ምርት በዓለም ላይ ውድና በሰዎች የምግብ ስርዓት ውስ ከፍተኛ ተፈላጊነት ያለወ ምርት ሲሆን
ሀገራችን ለታላላቅ ሆቴሎች በውጭ ምንዛሬ ተገዝቶ ወደ ሀገር ውስጥ የሚገባው፡፡
እንጉዳይን ለማምረት ዋና የማምረቻ ወይም ምርቱን ማሳደጊያ ግብዓት ጥፍጥሬ፣ የበሰበሰ የቡና ገለፈትና
የአመታዊ ሰብል ተረፈ ምርት በቅድም ተከተል ዋና ተፈላጊ ናቸው፡፡
አጠቃቀሙ፡ የቡና ገለፈት እንጉዳይ ለማምረት ከፍተኛ ተፈላጊ በመሆኑ የቡናውን ገለፈት ለ 2 ቀናት በማበስበስ፣
የበሰበሰውን ገለፈት በ 1000C በፈላ ውሃ ማከም፣ ማድረቅ፤በምርት ማሳደጊያ መደብ ወይም ከጣውላ ወይም
ከቀርቀሃ በተሰራ ሳጥን በማስገባት የእንጉዳዩ መራቢያ አካል መዝረት ወይም በመትከል ከ 3-4 ሳምንት ባለ ጊዜ
ማምረት ይቻላል፡፡
እንጉዳይ ማምረት ለድርጅቱ ተጨማሪ ገቢ ያስገኛል በሀገር ደረጃ የውጪ ምንዛሬን እጥረት ይተካል የአካባቢና
የማህበረሰብ ላይ የሚደርሰውን ብክለት መከላከል ዋና ዘዴ ሲሆን አሰራሩን ከታች በስዕሉ 8-6 በተመለከተው
መሰረት ተግባራዊ ማድረግ ይቻላል፡፡
.
Figure 8-11 : Decompose Coffee Pulp for Mushroom Cultivation Media
C. የቡና ገለፈት ለእንስሳት ምግብ ማዋል(COFFEE PULP AS AN ANIMAL FEED)

የቡና ገለባን ለእንስሳት መኖ ግብአትነት በተለያዩ የአለም ቡና አብቃይ ሀገሮች በስፋት ይተገበራል።
በሴቫርጌሴ እና ሌሎች (1981) የተደረገ ጥናት እና ሌሎች ዘገባዎች ለወተት ላሞች ኢኮኖሚያዊ ወተት
ምርት በአትራፊነት በተዘጋጀው ድብልቅ ውስጥ እስከ 20% የቡና ገለባ ሊካተት ይችላል ብለው
ደምድመዋል።
የቡና ገለባ በንጥረ ነገሮች የበለፀገ ነው። በማድረቅ ለእንስሳት መኖ መጠቀም ይቻላል፤ ፈንገሶች
እንዳይፈጠሩ ለመከላከል ገለባዎችን በተቻለ ፍጥነት መታከም አለባቸው፤አብዛኛውን ጊዜ የቡና ብስባሽ
በካልሲየም ሃይድሮክሳይድ ይታከማል እና በእመቃ ይደርቃል፡፡ ሌላው የኢንደስትሪ መሳሪያዎች በሌሉበት
ጊዜ ብስባሽ ማድረቅ የሚቻልበት መንገድ የቡናውን ገለባ ድብልቁን በማጠራቀሚያው ውስጥ
ከመጠራቀሙ በፊት ከሸንኮራ አገዳ ሞላሰስ ወይም ከሌሎች ኦርጋኒክ ባልሆኑ ንጥረ ነገሮች ጋር ማዋሃድ።
የተገኘው መኖ ከ 3 ሳምንታት በኋላ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል እና እስከ 18 ወራት ድረስ ሊከማች ይችላል፡፡
D. ለከሰል የአይዱስትሪ ጥሬ ዕቃነት መጠቀም (USE OF IDUSTRY RAW MATERIAL FOR
BIOMAAS CHARCOAL)
ከቡና ገለባ የሚመረተው የብሪኬት እና የከሰል ሃይል፣የቡናን ገለባ የነዳጅ ባህሪ ያለው ስለሆነ የመቀጣጠልና
ሃይል የማመንጨት አቅም ከፍተኛ ጠቀሚታ አለው። ስለሆነም ድርጅተ ለከሰል ኃይል አምራት ድርጅት
በማቅረብ ጠጨማሪ ገቢ ማመንጨት ይችላ፡፡
የኦክስጂን እጥረት በሌለበት አካባቢ ውስጥ የቡና ብስባሽ ካርቦንዳይዝድ የሚደረገው ካርቦንዳይዚንግ እቶን
በመጠቀም ነው። ከዚያም ካርቦናዊው ቁሶች ወደ ጥቃቅን ቅንጣቶች በመሬት ላይ በመደባለቅ እና
በማያያዣ በመደባለቅ ወደ ብሪኬትስ / ቻሮል በመለወጥ ሲሆን ይህም በቤት ውስጥ ኢነርጂ ለምግብ
ማቀነባበሪያ እና ወይም ለሌሎች የኢንዱስትሪ ዘርፎች ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል፡፡
E. ለባዮ ጋዝ ቴክኖልጂ ማምረቻ መጠቀም(USE OF BIOGAS TECHIONOLY FOR ENERGY

PRODUCTION)
ባዮጋዝ ኢነርጂ እንዲውል በማድረግ አማራጪ ሃይል ምንጭነት ጥቅም ላይ ሊውል ይችላል, በዚህም
የኃይል ወጪዎችን ይቆጥባል እና የመጨረሻው ቅሪት ለኦርጋኒክ ማዳበሪያ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል፣ተጨማሪ
ገቢ ለማግኘት ማዳበሪያነት ሊሸጥ ይችላል።
ሌላው የውሃ ብክለትን እና የውሃ ጽዳት ወጪዎችን ፣የወንዞችን ብዝሃ ህይወት መጥፋት መቀነስ ወዘተ
ጋር የተያያዘ ነው። የኢትዮጵያ 99% ቡና በአለም አቀፍ ደረጃ ይሸጣል። በመሆኑም በውጭ ገበያ ያለውን
ፍላጎት የሚነኩ/የሚጎዱ ምክንያቶችን ማወቅ ይኖርበታል። ከእንደዚህ ምክንያቶች አንዱ "ቡና
በዘላቂነት/ቀጣይነት " የሸማቾች ምርጫ ማሟላት ነው፡፡ አሁን እየተገዛ ያለው ቡና ለተጠቃሚዎች መለያ
መስጠት ወይም ማረጋገጥ በሚችሉ ሰዎች የሰርትፊኬ ማግኘት ያስችላል።
8.1.6 ልጋግ ጉድጓድ ውስጥ የዘቀጠ ቆሻሻን ማስወገድ (Removal of Sediment Waste from the Collection Pits)
ሊቀንስ፣ ሊታደስ ወይም እንደገና ጥቅም ላይ ሊውል የማይችል ቀሪ ቆሻሻ ሁልጊዜ ይኖራል።
በአከባቢ ጥበቃ ባለስልጣን ወይም በሲዳማ ብሔራዊ ክልል ውስጥ ባሉ በግል የሚተዳደር ተቋም ወይም ፕሮጀክት ለዚህ
ዓይነት ቆሻሻ ዋናው የማስወገጃ አማራጭ ነው። የነዚህ ተቋማት ተዋናዮች ተቀባይነት ያላቸው የደረቅ ቆሻሻ አያያዝ፣

የቆሻሻ ማጠራቀሚያ ሂደቶችን በመጠቀም ቆሻሻው አካባቢን እንደማይጎዳ ወይም የአካባቢውን ነዋሪዎች እንደማይጎዳ
ማረጋገጥ አለባቸው።
ስለዚህ የቆሻሻ መጣያ ቆሻሻን በታጠበ የቡና ቆሻሻ ማስወገድ የመጨረሻው አማራጭ ሲሆን በዚህ ፕሮፖዛል ውስጥ ደለል
አወጋገድ እና በተፈቀደው የቆሻሻ ማጠራቀሚያ ቦታ ላይ የፈቀደው ተቋም ቆሻሻውን በአካባቢ ላይ የሚያደርሰውን
ተጽዕኖ ቀላልነት ወይም ዝቅተኛነት ሲያረጋግጥ ነው። ሌላው አማራጭ ለአልኮል እና ለስላሳ መጠጦችን ለማምረት
የሚሟሟ ጄል ወይም የማይቀለበስ፣ የተፈጥሮ የቡና ፍሬ ስኳር፣ አንቲኦክሲደንትስ እና ፍላቮኖይድ ቀለም የሌለው እና
ፕሮአንቶሲያኒንስ ማቀነባበር ስለሚፈለግ የቡና ሙሲሊጅ ስለሚያሰፈልግ ለአልኮል እና ለስላሳ መጠጦች ማምረቻ
ድርጅቶች (ካሉ) እንደ ግብዓትነት ማቅረብ ይቻላል። ይሁን እንጂ የዚህ መጠጥ ኢንዱስትሪ አጠቃላይ አቅርቦት በባለቤቱ
የታቀደው የትራንስፖርት በጀት ወጪ ብቻ ነው, የተመደበው ዝርዝርየበጀት ግምት መረጃ በሰንጠረዥ 8-1 ቀርቧል፡፡
8.1.7 አሮጌ ማሽን በአካባቢ-ተስማሚ የቡና ፑልፒየር ማሽን መተካት(Old Machine Replaced by Eco- friendly
Coffee Pulpier Machine)
አሮጌ ማሽን በዘመናዊ ማሽን መተካት እርምጃ ለድርጅቱ የመጨረሻው አማራጭ ሆኖ የተቀመጠ ነው፡፡ ነገር ግን ማሽኑን
ለማስገባት ፍቃድ የሚሰጠው አካል ለድርጅቱ ማሽኑን እንዲያመጣ የዝግጅት ጊዜ መስጠት አለበት።
የላቀ ወይም ዘመናዊ "ኢኮሎጂካል" ዲዛይኖች ሜካኒካል de-mucilagers (UD-7500) ከቀረጥ ነፃ በማስገበት እንዲጠቀም
ወይም እንዲቀይር ምክር ይሰጣል፡፡
የ "ሥነ-ምህዳር" ዲዛይኖች ሜካኒካል ልጋግ አሰወጋጅ(ዲ-ሙሲሌጀር) ጥቅም: ይህ አዲስ ኢኮ-ተስማሚ ቴክኖሎጂ

የተነደፈው በርካታ አስፈላጊ ምክንያቶችን አሉት ዋናው የውሃ አጠቃቀሙ እጅግ የሚቀንስ መሆኑ፡
የውሃ መጠን መቀነስ በአብዛኛው የሚቻለው በአነስተኛ ወራጅ ውሃ ለመስራት የተነደፉ de-mucilagers pulpers
በመጠቀም የቀይ እሸት ቡና ፍሬዎችን በየደረጃዎች የመለየት አሰራር ያለው ነው። ሌሎች ምክንያቶች ከፊል የታጠበ ቡና
የሚያመርቱ ዘመናዊ የሜካኒካል ሙስሌጅ ማስወገጃ ማሽኖች በ 1 ሊትር ክዩብ 1 ቶን የሚሆን ቀይ እሸት ቡና
ለመፈልፈል በቂ መሆኑ፡፡
ነገር ግን አሁን ድርጅቱ የሚጠቀምበት ማሽን 80-93 ሜትር ክዩብ ለአንድቶን ቀይ እሸት ቡና ፍሬዎች የውሃ ፍላጎት
ያለው ስሆነ አካባቢን የመበከል አቅሙ ከፍተኛ፡፡
አዲሱ የሚተካው የማጠቢ ማሽን ከቀድሞው በባህላዊ አጋርድ ማሽን ጋር ሲነፃፀር 90% የወሃ ፍላጎትን የመቀነስ x ቅም
ያለው ነው፡፡ እነዚህ ‘‘ሜካኒካል ዲ-ሙሲላጀሮች’’ በብዛት ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ጥቅም ላይ መዋል ጀምረዋል።

Figure 8-7: Ecological Coffee Wet-Mill Compact Unit

8.1.8 ለአካባቢ ጥበቃ እና ማህበራዊ አስተዳደር እቅድ የበጀት ምንጭ (Resources for Environmental and Social
Management Plan)
የታጠበ ቡና ማዘጋጃ ኢንዱስትሪ ለሚያስከትሉት ብክለት መቀነሻ ለሚወሰዱ እርምጃዎች ፣የቆሻሻ አወጋገድ
ትራንስፖርት፣ለጉልበት ስልጠና የጥሬ ዕቃ ወጪዎችን ያጠቃልላል። ብክለትን መቀነሻ እርምጃዎች ወጪለመገመት
የተለያዩ ዘዴዎች ያሉ ቢሆንም ለዚህ ድርጅት አማካሪ ፕሮጀክቱ የገመተው የፕሮጀክቱን ውስብስብነትን በማገናዘብ
ነው፡፡ ወጪው የተሰላው በእኛ ሀገር ውስጥ ተፈፃሚ እየሆነ ያለውንና የተለያዩ የሀገር አካባቢ እና ማህበራዊ አስተዳደር
እቅድ ተሞክሮ ልምድ ከግምት ውስጥ በማስገባት ሲሆን የአካባቢ ብክለትን ዜሮ ለማድረስ ይህ ቡና ማጠቢያ ኢንዱስተሪ
የአካባቢ እና ማህበራዊ ስራ አመራ እቅድ ለአምስት ተከታታይ ዓመታት የሥራ ጊዜ ታቅዷል። ስለዚህ የተያዘው የአካባቢ
ጥበቃ በጀት በፕሮጀክቱ የትግበራ ጊዜ ውስጥ በየዓመቱ በ 5% ይጨምራል፡፡ ለበለጠ ዝርዝር መረጃ ከታች በተመለከትው
ሰንጠረዥ 8-1 መመልከት ይቻላል።
የአካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ተፅዕኖ ስራ አመራር መከላከያ ወጪ የሰራተኞችን የስራ ደህንነትን ወጪን ያጠቃልላል፡፡ የስራ
አደጋዎችን እና የሰራተኞችን የጤና አደጋዎች ለመከላከል በየጊዜው የስራ ደህንነትን ማረጋገጥ አስፈላጊ የሆኑ ወጪዎችን
ያካትታል። ከላይ የተመለከተውን የአካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ተፅዕኖ ስራ አመራር እቅድ ለማስፈጸም ሁለት ክፍሎች አሉት።
አንዱ የሰውል ሀብት ሲሆን ሌላው ፋይናንስ ክፍል ነው፡፡ በእሸት የቡና ማጠቢ ኢንዱስትሪ ስራዎች ውስጥ የአካባቢ

አስተዳደር እና ቴክኒካል አስተዳደር ሰራተኞች፣ የአካባቢ ጥበቃ ባለሙያን መካተት ያለበት ሲሆን ፋይናንስ (ከከፍተኛ
አመራር፣ ከምርት ክፍል፣ ቴክኒካል አስተዳደር እና ፋይናንስ ጨምሮ) በየደረጃው ለሚገኙ የመንግስት ባለስልጣናት
በስራው ለሚሳተፉ ገምጋሚ አካላትን ያካትታል። በየአመቱ አመታዊ ኦዲት እና ክትትል የተሚደረግ ሲሆን የኦዲት
ሪፖርት ለሲዳማ ብሄራዊ ክልል የአካባቢ ጥበቃ፣ደንና አየር ንብረት ለውጥ ባለስልጣን ከክልል እስከ ቀበሌ በተዋረድ በሩብ
ዓመት ሪፖርት መቅረብ አለበት።
Table 8-4: Financial Requirement for Environmental Protection

ግብዓት ዓይነቶች አንደኛ ሁለተኛ ሦስተኛ አራተኛ አምስተኛ
ዓመት ዓመት ዓመት ዓመት ዓመት
EM ና ውህድ ናየኖራ ግዥ 16,127.01 17,739.71 19,513.68 21,465.05 23,611.56
Vetiver Grass Bioflitration
6,907.68 7,598.45 8,358.29 9,194.12 10,113.53
የመትከያ ወጪ
ልጋግ ማጠራቀሚያ ጉድጓድ ግንባታ
35,000.00 - 40,000.00 - 50,000.00
ግብዓታና የጉልበት ዋጋ
ድምር ወጪ(ብር) 58,034.69 25,338.16 67,871.97 30,659.17 83,725.09

9 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

The environmental management plan involves risk management strategies that should be undertaken
by the project proponent and the project manager to mitigate environmental degeneration. There are
approaches to monitor, control, reclaim and restore the environment back to its appropriate state.
EMPs for these projects thus provide logical frameworks within which the identified issues of
environmental concern can be mitigated, monitored and evaluated.
Environmental monitoring involves measurement of relevant parameters, at a level of details

accurate enough, to distinguish the anticipated changes. Monitoring aims at determining the
effectiveness of actions to improve environmental quality. The environmental management and
monitoring plans have been developed and outlined to bring home the key findings of the
Environmental Impact Assessment of the project in mention, recommending necessary mitigation
actions, defining roles, monitor able indicators and the estimated cost.
This washing station EMPs outlined in tables hereafter address the potential negative impacts and
mitigation measures as well as roles, costs and monitor able indicators that can help to determine the
effectiveness of actions to upgrade the quality of environment; as regards to this coffee Industry. The
detailed information stated below in Table-9-1.

Table 9-5: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
Source of Monitoring and Responsibility Cost of mitigation Cost of

Mitigation measure Monitoring Indicators
potential Impact reporting frequency bodies measure Monitoring
Presence of well
Liquid and solid Constructions of waste disposal Maintained At the end of every work Woreda and Part of operational
5,000.00
waste pit/tank receptacles and central months and report zonal EFCCO cost
collection point
Coffee by- products should be
stored in a separate site store Woreda and
No contaminated husk Monitoring every two Part of operation
Coffee husk and handled carefully. zonal EFCCO 3,000.00
waste month or quarterly expense
An coffee husk used for compost
preparation
healthy environment and Woreda and
Office waste & building of toilet and solid Monitoring every two part of operation
workers from air zonal EFCCO 3,000.00
human extraction waste pit month or quarterly expense
pollution
Fulfillment of facility for fully protected Woreda and
coffee waste disposal and treated with EM environment from noise, Monitoring every two part of operation
zonal EFCCO 5,000.00
influxes and establishing of Vetiver fire hazards & seeing month or quarterly expense
grass dressed workers
Provide Personal Protective
equipment Workers using Woreda and
workers Health Train workers on personal Protective Equipment Monitoring every two part of operation
zonal EFCCO 5,000.00
and Safety safety and how to handle coffee Presence of a First Aid month or quarterly expense
waste Box
Total Cost of Mitigation and Monitoring 20,000
Signature for the agreement of implementation of the Management Plan
____________________________ __________________________________
For EFCCO For the Proponent

10 Evaluation and Review

10.1 Shoicho Wet-Coffee Industry Evaluation
The implementation and effectiveness of this management plan and its associated procedures will be
regularly assessed to ensure:
 SHOICHO WET COFFEE INDUSTRY(PLC) is demonstrating compliance with

legal and landholder obligations;
 The overall management strategy remains relevant and up to date; and
 The plan and procedures adequately manage the environmental issue.
Effectiveness will be assessed by a number of methods as shown in Table 10-1.
Table 10-6: Methods to Assess Procedural Effectiveness

Assessment Tool Description
Checklists– SHOICHO WET COFFEE Checklists, developed to reflect procedural requirements /
INDUSTRY(PLC)Wet-Coffee Processing outcomes will be used by individual SHOICHO WET COFFEE
Industry Compliance Management System INDUSTRY (PLC) Departments to assess and manage
compliance. The results of the checklists will be evaluated for
trending non-compliances that may be resolved through
procedural change or by implementing another measure or
process
Audits Conduct internal and third party audits every year immediately
after the production is finished to formally assess the level of
compliance with both regulatory requirements and with
SHOICHO WET COFFEE INDUSTRY (PLC) procedures.
Audit outcomes are used to develop corrective actions which
may include changes to procedures
Review of Incidents A review of internal incidents, near misses or hazards will be

undertaken to identify recurrences of similar incident types.
This may highlight a requirement for a change in an existing
procedure, require the development of a new procedure or by
implementation of another measure or process to address the
recurring issue
Review of Data Analyses all relevant data collected for negative and/or
undesirable trends that may be prevented by procedural
changes or by implementing another measure or process.
10.2 Derse H/Yimer Wet-Coffee Processing Industry Review

The WMP is a living document and shall be reviewed at least every three years or sooner if any of
the following occur:
 The plan is not adequately managing the issue (refer Section 10);

 Legislative requirements change;

 The area of activity changes;
 A new waste type is to be generated; and/or
 New procedures relating to waste management are developed.
Reviews and changes to the WMP are to be communicated to relevant Shoicho Wet-Coffee
Processing Industry (PLC) Project personnel.

11 Conclusion and Recommendations

11.1 Conclusion
SHOICHO WET COFFEE INDUSTRY (PLC) Environmental and Social Management Plan has
integrated mitigation measures with a view to ensuring compliance with all the applicable laws and
procedures.
In relation to the recommended mitigation measures that should be incorporated during the
renovation phase, the development’s input to the society; and cognation that the washed station is
economically and environmentally sound, establishments are considered beneficial and important.
It is thus our recommendation that the washing station be allowed to go ahead with the
implementation provided the outlined mitigation measures are adhered to. Major concerns should
nevertheless be focused towards minimizing the occurrence of impacts that would degrade the
general environment. Therefore, major practical works are required to aware the local community
and develop their confidence in the washing station project, and to conduct transparent mitigation
measure application and the necessary steps should make on what conditions this washed coffee
Station Environmental and Social Management Plan consolidate by the consultant and provide to the
Zone and woreda EPA office for the acceptance and approval of to this envisaged washed station
Environmental and Social Management Plan. This will however be overcome through close follow-
up and implementation of the recommended Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans
(EMPs).
11.2 Recommendations
Recommendations for the prevention and mitigation of adverse impacts are as follows:
 The proponent should therefore follow the guidelines as set by the relevant departments to
safeguard and environmental management principles during coffee processing operation
period
 The proponent should therefore follow the recommended mitigation measure as set in this
WMP report.
 It is important that warning/ informative sign (bill boards) be erected at the site. These should
indicate the operation hours and when works are likely to be started and completed.
 All solid waste materials resulting from operation activities should be re-used, recycle for
appropriate commercial use-off at approved dumpsites.
 Proper and regular maintenance should be done on the previously established waste
management system such as collection and basin filtration pit/lagoons, Bioinfilitration
wetland (“vetiver grass”) and coffee by-products use for commercial purposes.
 Maintenance should be conducted in a designated area and in a manner not to interfere with
the environment.
 All liquid waste materials resulting from operation activities should be re-used, recycle for
commercial purpose and if not off at approved dumpsites.

 A fully equipped first aid kit should be provided within the site.
 Workers should get food that is hygienically prepared. The source of such food should be
legalized or closely controlled.
 The owners should provide adequate security during the period of operation phase of
washing coffee processing.

REFERENCES
1) Resources Development. PEEM Guidelines Series 2. Second edition PEEM Secretariat,
WHO, Geneva. WHO/CWS/ 91.3
2) EPA-ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AUTHORIYTY – State of Environment Report for
Ethiopia-Addis Ababa-2003
3) Bureau of Africa; Office of Sustainable Development (June1996); Environmental Guidelines
for Small-scale Activities in Africa
4) THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA-October 31,2002-proclamation
No 295: `Ènvironmental Organs Establishment Proclamation``
5) FDRE-THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA-December 3, 2001-
proclamation No 299: `Ènvironmental Impacts Assessment Proclamation``
6) FDRE-THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA-December 3, 2001-
proclamation No 300: `Ènvironmental pollution control Proclamation`` Guidelines
Washington D.C, fourth printing
7) The world Bank (May/1995) Environmental Assessment Sound Book; Volume II Sectorial
FDRE August 24,1995-proclamation No9: ‘’Environmental protection Authority
Establishment proclamation’’
8) MARTÍNEZ-CARRERA, D. et al. 2000. Commercial production and marketing of edible
mushrooms cultivated on coffee pulp in Mexico. Coffee biotechnology and quality, T. Sera,
C. Soccol, A. Pandey, and S. Roussos, Eds. Brazil: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht,
The Neterhlands, pp. 471–488.
9) ULSIDO, M. D., LI, M. 2016. Effect of organic matter from coffee pulp compost on yield
response of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) in Ethiopia. Engineering for Rural Development,
pp. 1339–1347.
10) CORRO, G. et al. 2014. Enhanced biogas production from coffee pulp through deligninocellulosic
photocatalytic pretreatment. Energy Science & Engineering, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 177–187.
11) CUBERO-ABARCA, R., MOYA, R. 2014. Use of coffee (Coffea arabica) pulp for the production of
briquettes and pellets for heat generation. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 461–470.
12) BOCCAS, F. et al. 1994. Production of Pectinase from Coffee Pulp in Solid-State Fermentation
System - Selection of Wild Fungal Isolate of High Potency by a Simple 3-Step Screening Technique.
Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 22–26.
13) FAVELA, E. et al. 1989. Produccion de enzimas a partir de la pulpa de café y su aplicación a la
indústria cafetalera. In: Seminario Internacional de Biotecnología en la Industria Cafetalera, pp.
145–151.
14) MARKHAM, D. 2016. This company converts coffee cherry pulp into a nutritious (flourless) flour.
[Online]. Available at: http://www.treehugger.com/green-food/company-converts-coffee-cherry-pulp-
nutritious-flourless-flour.html

ANNEX
Staff Certificate



Company Documents





WMP-On SHOICHO-DARA - OTILICHO-2016 - Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WMP-On SHOICHO-DARA - OTILICHO-2016 - Final

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

WMP-On SHOICHO-DARA - OTILICHO-2016 - Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Wet Coffee Processing Industry ESMP

የታጠበ ቡና ማዘጋጃ ኢንዱስትሪ አካባቢና ማህበረሰብ ተፅዕኖ

ባለቤት፡ ሾኢቾ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር

የድርጅቱ ስም፡ ሾኢቾ የእሸት ቡና መፈልፈያ ኢናዱስትሪ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር

አዲራሻ፡ ሲዳማ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሰት፣ ዳራ ኦትልቾ ወረዳ

የድርጅቱ ልዩ ቦታ፡ ሾኢቾ ቀበሌ

PROMOTER: SHOICHO PRIVATE LIMETED COMPANY

PROJECT NAME: SHOICHO WET- COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY (PLC)

SPECIFIC LOCATION: Shoicho Kebele

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page i

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page ii

5.1 Demographic & Economical Characteristics of the Project Area 17

8.1.1 ሙሉ የዳግም ዉኃ ዝውውር ዘዴ ማቋቋም(Established New full water recycling process

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page iii

8.1.3 ባዮ-ኬሚካል ማከሚያ መጠቀም (Use of Organic Compound Decomposer Treatment)

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page iv

Figure 4-1: Location of the Project Site.......................................................................................................13

Figure 4-2: View of the Project Site.............................................................................................................14

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page v

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page vi

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page i

የሪፖርት ጥቅል ሀሳብ (Executive Summary)

በምስራቅ፡ የአቶ ካርቲ አያኞ የቡና ማሳ

በምእራብ፡ የአቶ ያእቆብ ዬሴፍ ቡና ማሳና ጂጌሳ ወንዝ

በሰሚን፡ ጂጌሳ ወንዝ በኩል

በደቡብ፡ የአቶ ቦታ ማልዲ የቡና ማሳ ይዋሰናል፡፡

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833

በመሆኑም ኢንዱስትሪው ያለው ጠቀሜታና ጉዳት እደሚከተለው ታይቷል፡-

በሚፈጥረው ከፍተኛ መርዛማ አሲድና ሽታ በሰው ጤና ላይ የሚያስከተለው ጉዳት ማለትም የማስከር

የውስጥ የአይን ክፍል ማቃጠልና ማቁሰል (Eye irritation (burning inside)፣

የውጭ ገላን ማሳከክና ማቁሰል (Skin irritation)፣

የሆድ ህመም (Stomach problem)፣

የመተንፈሻ አካል ጉሮሮ ህመም (Breathing problem) እና

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page 2

ሾኢቾ እሸት ቡና መፈልፈያ ኢንዱስትሪ ኃ/የተ/የግ/ማህበር በወረዳው ካሉት የታጠበ ቡና ማዘጋጃ

 ሙሉ የዳግም ዉኃ ዝውውር ዘዴ መገንባት( Establishing full water recycling process system)

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page 3

1 Background Information of the Project

1.2 Purpose and Scope of the WMP

The objectives of the ESMP are to:

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page 4

1.3 Terms of Reference (TOR)

a) A critical look into project objectives

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page 5

l) Proposing the measures for eliminating/minimizing or mitigating adverse impacts on the

a) Literature Review: Documentation on policies, laws, regulations and guidelines related

1.5 Report Structure

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page 6

2 Scope of the Report

 Identifies the types of wastes generated by this wet-coffee Processing industry;

This WMP is to be implemented by SHOICHO WET COFFEE PROCESSING INDUSTRY

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page 7

3 Administrative Legal and Policy Framework

3.2 Policy Framework

3.2.1 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia

Rekik Development Consultants PLC Mobil -0911384833 Page 8

3.2.2 Environmental Impact Assessment