MES PU COLLEGE OF ARTS, COMMERCE & SCIENCE, BANGALORE – 3

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
II – PUC
MAGNETISM AND MATTER

I. Multiple choice questions

1. The SI unit of magnetic flux is
a) Dyne b) Tesla c) weber d) ohm

2. Which of the following is not correct about relative permeability ( ).

a) It is a dimensional pure ratio
b) For vacuum it’s value is one
c) For Ferromagnetic materials
d) For paramagnetic materials

3. It m is the magnetic moment and B is magnetic field then torque is given by

|⃗⃗⃗⃗ |
a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ b) |⃗⃗⃗ |
c) ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ d) MB

4. The magnetic field along the axis at a distance d of a short bar magnet is
a) b) c) d)

5. A bar magnet is cut into two equal halves by a plane parallel to the magnetic axis which one of the
following physical quantity remains unchanged is
a) pole strength b) magnetic moment
c) intensity of magnetisation d) none of these

6. Magnetic dipole moment is a vector quantity directed from

a) south pole to north pole b) North pole to south pole
c) east to west d) west to east

7. The magnetism of magnet is due to

a) pressure of big magnet inside the earth
b) earth’s magnetic field
c) cosmic rays
d) the spin motion of electron

8. Magnetic lines of force due to a bar magnet do not intersect because

a) A point always has a single net magnetic field
b) The lines have similar charges and so repel each other
c) The lines always diverge from a single force
d) none of the above

9. Magnetic lines of force inside a bar magnet

a) Are from N-pole to S-pole of magnet
b) Do not exist
c) Depend upon the area of cross section of bar magnet
d) Are from s-pole of magnet
10. The magnetic compass is not useful for navigation near the magnetic poles since
a) b) c) d)

11. Metals gets magnetised by orientation of atomic magnetic moments in external magnetic field are
called
a) Diamagnetic b) Paramagnetic c) Ferromagnetic d) Antimagnetic

12. A horse – shoe magnet is an example of

a) Natural magnet b) Artificial magnet
c) neither natural nor artificial d) None of the above

13. If a diamagnetic substance is brought near north or south pole of a bar magnet it is
a) Attracted by poles
b) Repelled by poles
c) Repelled by north pole and attracted by south pole
d) Attracted by north pole and repelled by south pole

14. Which magnetic material have negative susceptibility

a) Diamagnetic materials b) paramagnetic materials
c) Ferromagnetic materials d) All of the above

15. Which among the following material display higher magnetic susceptibility
a) Ferromagnetic material b) Paramagnetic material
c) Diamagnetic material d) None of the above

16. Magnetic meridian is a

a) point b) line along NS
c) Horizontal plane d) vertical plane along NS

17. The magnetic moment of a diamagnetic atom is

a) equal to zero b) equal to one
c) between zero and one d) much greater than one

18. Domain formation is the necessary feature of

a) Diamagnetism b) Para magnetism
c) Ferromagnetism d) All of these

19. When the temperature of magnetic material decreases the magnetisation

a) Decreases in a diamagnetic material
b) Decreases in a paramagnetic material
c) Decreases in a Ferromagnetic material
d) Remains the same in a diamagnetic material.

20. A diamagnetic material in a magnetic field moves

a) perpendicular to the field
b) From stronger to the weaker parts of the field
c) from weaker to the stronger parts of the field
d) None of these
 Answer Key
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
c a c c c a d a d c
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
b a b a a d a c d b

I. Fill in the blanks

1. Magnetic monopoles do not exist
2. The two ends of a magnet where attraction is maximum are called poles
3. A magnet demagnetises on heating
4. The larger the number of field lines crossing per unit area stronger is the magnitude of the magnetic
field
5. Surface integral of magnetic field over a closed surface is zero.
6. If a bar magnet is broken into two halves, we get the two similar magnets with some what weaker
properties
7. Magnetic lines have no real existence and are purely imaginary
8. Current loop behaves as a magnetic dipole
9. Weiss explained ferromagnetism on the basis of formation of domains within the materials.
10. The magnetic susceptibility is the dimensionless quantity

II. Two Marks Questions

1. Define magnetic dipole moment and write the expression?
It is defined as the product of pole strength of either pole and magnetic length of the magnet.
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ( ⃗)

2. Is magnetic dipole moment is a vector quantity? And write it’s SI unit

Yes, It is a vector quantity. It’s SI unit is

3. What is the direction of magnetic field line?

Outside the magnet, the direction of field lines is from N-pole to S-pole while inside it is from s-pole to
N-pole

4. Give the basic difference between magnetic field lines and electric field lines?
Magnetic field lines are closed continuous curves, while electric field lines are continuous curves but
not closed.

5. State two methods to destroy the magnetism of a magnet.

By heating the magnet and by applying magnetic field in opposite direction.

6. What is the magnetic moment for the current carrying circular loop?
Area of the loop
Magnetic moment

Where I be the current flowing in the circular loop of radius r.

7. The earth’s core is known to contains iron, yet geologists do not regard these as a source of
earth’s magnetism why?
The temperature of earth’s core is above the curie temperature of iron. Hence iron cannot retain
magnetism at such a higher temperature.
 8. Define susceptibility? What is the unit of susceptibility?
Susceptibility is defined as the ratio of intensity of magnetisation to the magnetising force applied on
the material.

There is no unit for susceptibility

9. Why is soft iron preferred for making the core of a transformer.

The area of the hysteresis loop for soft iron is very small and this area corresponds to energy loss per
cycle. Thus energy loss per cycle is small. So soft iron is preferred to make core of transformer.

10. What is the significance of gauss law in magnetism?

According to Gauss’s law in magnetism
∮ ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
It means that isolated magnetic poles or monopole of magnet does not exist

III. Three Mark Questions.

1. What are the factors on which the pole strength of magnet depends?
a) Area of cross section
b) Nature of material
c) State of magnetisation

2. Define magnetisation of a magnetic material? It is a scalar or vector and write it’s SI unit
Magnetisation of a magnetic material is defined as the magnetic moment per unit volume.
Magnetisation of a magnetic material is a vector quantity. SI unit is .

3. Explain the nature of magnetic field for the bar magnet. Draw a labelled diagram?

The magnetic field outside the bar magnet are non uniform but inside the bar magnet the magnetic field
is uniform.

4. What are the consequences of Gauss’s law in magnetism?

1) An isolated magnetic pole do not exist
2) Always magnetic dipole exist
3) Number of magnetic field line entering a surface is equal to the number of field lines leaving the
closed surface.

5. When torque experienced by bar magnet placed in uniform magnetic field is maximum and
minimum? .
1) is maximum, when magnetic moment is perpendicular to the magnet field i.e., then

2) is minimum, when magnetic moment is parallel or antiparallel to magnetic field i.e.,

.
 6. Derive the relation between relative permeability and magnetic susceptibility.
when a magnetic material is placed in magnetising field of magnetic intensity H then the total magnetic
induction in material is B
………..(1)
(magnetic field strength in vaccum)
( is the magnetic field strength in medium)
…………(2)
………….(3)
Substitute (3) in (2) we get

[ ]

7. Mention the three properties of paramagnetic materials.

1) Paramagnetic materials are those substances which move from a region of weak magnetic field to a
region of a strong magnetic field.
2) The permeability of a paramagnetic substance is slightly greater than one.
3) The susceptibility of a paramagnetic substance is always .

8. Name the elements, one having positive susceptibility and the other having negative
susceptibility.
Positive magnetic susceptibility is possessed by paramagnetic substance
Ex:- Aluminium, sodium
Negative magnetic susceptibility is possessed by diamagnetic substance.
Ex:- Bismuth, copper

9. Why diamagnetism is independent of temperature?

In diamagnetic material, each molecule is not magnetic dipole in its self. When temperature is
increased then random thermal, motion of molecules does not affect the magnetism of the specimen so
diamagnetism is m independent of temperature.

10. Distinguish between diamagnetic and Ferromagnetic materials.

Diamagnetic Ferromagnetic
1) They are feebly repelled by They are strongly attracted by
magnets magnets
2) Magnetic susceptibility is Magnetic susceptibility is high and
low and negative
3) Magnetic permeability is Magnetic permeability is very
less than much greater than.

IV. Five Mark Questions

1. Write the properties of magnetic field lines.
a) The magnetic field lines of a magnet form continuous closed loops.
b) The tangent to the field line at any point gives the direction of magnetic field at that point.
c) The magnitude of magnetic field at any point is represented by number of field lines crossing per
unit area. Around that point Larger the number of field lines crossing per unit area stronger is the
magnetic field
d) Outside the magnet, the direction of field line is from north pole of south pole
 e) No two magnetic field lines can intersect each other. Because if they intersect then at the point of
intersection there will be tangents giving two directions of magnetic field which is not possible.

2. Derive an expression for torque on a Bar magnet in a magnetic field.

Consider a bar magnet of magnetic length ( ) and pole strength of each pole (m) placed in uniform
magnetic field ⃗⃗⃗ such that the axis of the magnet makes an angle with the direction of ⃗⃗⃗ .
Force acting on N-pole in the direction of ⃗⃗⃗
Force acting on s-pole opposite to the direction ⃗⃗⃗ .
Since magnitude of these force are equal but are in opposite direction.
Net force on bar magnet
These forces form couple, so torque acts on the bar magnet
Magnitude of either force perpendicular distance
( )
( )

[ ]
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ (in vector form)
This torque is to the plane containing ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ .

3. Derive the expression for potential energy of a bar magnet when placed in the external magnetic
field.
Potential energy is the energy stored in the magnet when placed in an external magnetic field. when the
magnet is placed in magnetic field it experiences torque.
Work done Torque displacement

Integrating
∫ ∫
∫
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

[ ]

Work done Energy stored

4. Mention the properties of ferromagnetic materials.

 a) Ferromagnetic materials are those substances which move from a very weak magnetic field to a
strong magnetic field.
b) The permeability of a ferromagnetic substance is much greater than one.
c) The susceptibility of a ferromagnetic substance is always large and positive
d) The magnetic properties of ferromagnetic substances are inversely proportional to temperature.
e) Ferromagnetic materials exhibit hysteresis.

5. Distinguish between diamagnetic, Paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials?

1) Diamagnetic materials Paramagnetic materials weakly Ferromagnetic materials are
weakly repelled in the attracted in the direction of strongly attracted in the
direction opposite to applied magnetic field. direction of applied magnetic
applied magnetic field field.
2) Magnetic permeability is Magnetic permeability more Magnetic permeability is very
less than than unity large than unity i.e., .
3) It does not obey curie’s It obeys curies law It obeys curies law
law.
4) These move from stronger These move from weaker part These move from weaker to
to weaker part of the to the stronger part of external stronger part of external
external magnetic field magnetic field magnetic field.
5) Susceptibility is very small Susceptibility is small and Susceptibility is very large.
and

Problems:-
1. A bar magnet of magnetic moment is lies aligned with the direction of a uniform
magnetic field of .
a) What is the amount of work required by an external torque to turn the magnet so as to align
its magnetic moment.
(i) Normal to the field direction.
(ii) Opposite to the field direction
b) What is the torque on the magnet in cases (i) and (ii)?
When and
a) Using (i) ( )
( )
( )
J
(ii)
( )
( )
( )
T
b) When (i)

-m
(ii)
2. A solenoid of 500 turns/m is carrying a current of 3A. Its core is made of iron which has a
relative permeability of 5000. Determine the magnitudes of the magnetic intensity, magnetisation
and the magnetic field inside the core.
turns/m

Magnetic intensity

Magnetisation

Magnetic field inside the core

3. A magnet of magnetic moment eights 66 g. If the density of the material of the

magnet is . Find the intensity of magnetisation.

Volume

magnetisation

4. A short bar magnet has a magnetic moment of . Give the direction and magnitude of
the magnetic field produced by the magnet at a distance of 10 cm from the centre of the magnet
on
a) the axis b) The equatorial lines (Normal bisector)
of the magnet
a) on the axis of the magnet

( )
T along S-N direction.
b) On the equatorial line of the magnet

( )
T along NS direction.
5. A short bar magnet placed with its axis at with a uniform external magnetic field of T
experiences a torque of magnitude equal to J. what is the magnitude of magnetic
moment of the magnet?
Uniform magnetic field ( ) T
The magnitude of the torque ( )
Angle between magnetic moment and magnetic field
Torque experienced by a magnet placed in external magnetic field.
⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗