KVS ZIET BHUBANESWAR

CBTI XII PHY CH-5 MAGNETISM AND MATTER

Q. NO QUESTION
MCQ s 1 MARK EACH
1. The magnetic lines of force inside a bar magnet
(a) are from north-pole to south-pole of the magnet.
(b) do not exit.
(c) depend upon the area of cross-section of the bar magnet.
(d) are from south-pole to north-pole of the magnet.
2. A 25 cm long solenoid has radius 2 cm and 500 total number of turns. It carries a current of 15 A. If
it is equivalent to a bar magnet of the same size and magnetization M, then the value of M is
(a) 3 π Am – 1 (b) 30000 π Am – 1
(c) 300 Am – 1 (d) 30000 Am – 1
3. Curie temperature is the temperature above which
(a) a ferromagnetic material becomes diamagnetic.
(b) a ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic.
(c) a paramagnetic material becomes diamagnetic.
(d) a paramagnetic material becomes ferromagnetic.
4. The dipole moment of a circular loop carrying a current I, is m and the magnetic field at the centre of
the loop is B 1. When the dipole moment is doubled by keeping the current constant, the magnetic
field at the centre of the loop is B 2 . the ratio B 1 / B 2 is
(a) 2 (b) √3 (c) √2 (d) 1/√2
5. Needles N1 , N2 and N3 are made of a ferromagnetic, a paramagnetic and a diamagnetic materials
respectively. A magnet, when brought close to them, will
(a) attract N1 strongly, but repel N2 and N3 weakly.
(b) attract all three of them.
(c) attract N1 and N2 strongly, but repel N3 .
(d) attract N1 strongly, N2 weakly and repel N3 weakly.
6. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 104 J/T is free to rotate in a horizontal plane. The work done in
rotating the magnet slowly from a direction parallel to a horizontal magnetic field of 4 x 10 – 5 T to a
direction of 60° from the field will be
(a) 0.2 J (b) 2 J (c) 4.18 J (d) 2 x 102 J
7. A magnetic needle suspended parallel to a magnetic field requires √3 J of work to turn it through
60°. The torque needed to maintain the needle in this position will be
(a) 2√3 J (b) 3 J (c) √3 J (d) 1.5 J
8. If the number of turns, area and current through a coil are given by N, A and I respectively, then its
magnetic moment is given by
(a) NIA (b) NIA2 (c) N2IA (d) N2IA2
9. Magnetic susceptibility of a substance does not depend on temperature. What is the magnetic nature
of the substance?
(a) Diamagnetic (b) Ferromagnetic
(c) Paramagnetic (d) anti-ferromagnetic
10. Two wires of same length are shaped into a square and a circle. If they carry same current, ratio of
their magnetic moment is
(a) 2 : π (b) π : 2 (c) π : 4 (d) 4 : π
11. If a bar magnet of pole strength m and magnetic moment M is cut perpendicular to its axis in two equal
halves then its new pole strength m' and magnetic moment M' are respectively

a) m′= m and M′= M

b) m′= m and M′= M/2
c) m′= m/2 and M′= 2M
d) m′= 2m and M′= M/2
12. A short bar magnet of magnetic moment 0.4 JT-1 is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.16 T. The
magnet is in stable equilibrium when the potential energy is

a) − 0.64 J
b) zero
c) − 0.082 J
d) − 0.064 J
13. Needles N1, N2 and N3 are made of a ferromagnetic, a paramagnetic and a diamagnetic substance
respectively. A magnet when brought close to them will?

a) Attract all three of them

b) Attract N1 strongly, N2 weakly and repel N3 weakly
c) Attract N1 strongly but repel N2 and N3 weakly
d) Attract N1 and N2 strongly but repel N3
14. Which of the following statements are correct?

(A) Electric monopoles do not exist, whereas magnetic monopoles exist.

(B) Magnetic field lines due to a solenoid at its ends and outside cannot be completely straight and are
confined.
(C) Magnetic field lines inside a bar magnet are not parallel.
(D) χ = −1 is the condition for a perfect diamagnetic material, where χ is its magnetic susceptibility

(a) (D) only

(b) (B) only
(c) (A) and (B) only
(d) (B) and (C)
15. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 3 Am2 is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 2x10-5 T. If each
pole of the magnet experiences a force of 6 x 10-4 N, then the length of the magnet is

a) 0.5 m
b) 0.3 m
c) 0.2 m
d) 0.1 m
16. When a magnetic substance is heated, then it

a) Becomes a strong magnet

b) Losses its magnetism
c) Does not affect the magnetism
d) Either (a) or (c)
17. If the magnetizing field on a ferromagnetic material is increased, its permeability

(a) decreases
(b) increases
(c) remains unchanged
(d) first decreases and then increases
18. A charged particle (charge q) is moving in a circle of radius R with uniform speed v. The associated
magnetic moment μ is given by
a) qvR
b) qvR/2
c) qvR2
d) qvR2 /2
19. Assertion: When radius of a circular loop carrying current is doubled, its magnetic moment becomes four
times.
Reason: Magnetic moment depends on the area of the loop.

a) Assertion is True, Reason is True, Reason is a correct explanation for Assertion

b) Assertion is True, Reason is True, Reason is not a correct explanation for Assertion
c)Assertion is true, Reason is false
d) Assertion is False but, Reason is True
20. Assertion: Susceptibility is defined as the ratio of intensity of magnetization I to magnetic intensity H.
Reason: Greater the value of susceptibility, smaller the value of intensity of magnetization I.

a) Assertion is True, Reason is True, Reason is a correct explanation for Assertion

b) Assertion is True, Reason is True, Reason is not a correct explanation for Assertion
c)Assertion is true, Reason is false
d) Assertion is False but, Reason is True
21. Which among these is not attracted by magnets?
a. Cobalt b. Iron c. Copper d. Nickel

22. A ferromagnetic substance is heated above its curie temperature. Which of the following statements
is correct?
a. Ferromagnetic domains get perfectly arranged.
b. Ferromagnetic domains get randomly arranged.
c. Ferromagnetic domains are not at all influenced.
d. Ferromagnetic material transforms into diamagnetic substances.
23. Magnetism in a substance is caused by
a. Orbital motion of the electrons
b. Spin motion of the electrons only
c. Spin and orbital both
d. None of these.

24. The direction of magnetic dipole moment of a bar magnet is

a. From north pole to south pole
b. From south pole to north pole
c. Perpendicular to the axis of the Bar magnet
d. None.

25. The ratio of magnetic field induction due to short bar magnet on axial line and equatorial line for the
same distance is
a.1:2
b.1:3
c.2:3
d. 2:1

26. Susceptibility is small and positive for

a. Paramagnetic
b. Ferromagnetic
c. non magnetic
d. Diamagnetic

27. A magnetic bar of M magnetic moment is placed m the field of magnetic strength B, the torque
acting on it is :
 (a) 𝑀⃗ .𝐵⃗
(b) –𝑀⃗ .𝐵⃗
(c) 𝑀⃗ × 𝐵⃗ .
(d) 𝐵⃗ × 𝑀⃗
28. If the magnetic field is not uniform, the bar magnet will experience
a. Resultant force only
b. Resultant torque only
c. Both translational and rotational
d. Can’t say.
29. Ferromagnetic own their properties due to
a. Filled inner shells
b. Vacant inner sub- shell
c. Partially filled inner sub shell
d. All the sub shells equally filled
30. If the magnetic moment of the atoms of a substance is zero, the substance is called
a. Diamagnetic
b. Paramagnetic
c. Ferromagnetic
d. None of these
31. For which of the following is magnetic susceptibility negative?
a) Paramagnetic and Ferromagnetic materials
b) Paramagnetic Materials only
c) Ferromagnetic Materials only
d) Diamagnetic Materials

32. Which of the following is the unit of magnetic flux density?

a. Weber/meter2
b. Tesla
c. Newton/ampere-metre
d. All of the above

33. The magnetic field at a distance x on the axis of a small bar magnet is equal to the field at a distance y
on the equator of the same magnet. The ratio of the distances of x and y from the centre of the magnet
is
a.2-1/3
b.21/3
c.23
d.2-3

34. Which of the following materials is the most suitable for making a permanent magnet?
a. Soft Iron
b.Nickel
c.Copper
d.Steel

35. A sensitive magnetic field instrument can be effectively shielded from the external magnetic field by
placing it inside which of the following materials?
a. Plastic Material
b.Teak Wood
c.Soft Iron of high permeability
d.A metal of high conductivity

36. Which of the following statements is true about magnetic field intensity?
 a.Magnetic field intensity is the number of lines of force crossing per unit volume.
b.Magnetic field intensity is the number of lines of force crossing per unit area.
c.Magnetic field intensity is the magnetic induction force acting on a unit magnetic pole.
d.Magnetic field intensity is the magnetic moment per unit volume.

37. What happens to the magnetic needle kept in a non-uniform magnetic field?
a.It experiences force but not torque
b.It experiences torque but not force
c.It experiences both force and torque
d.It neither experiences force nor torque

38. What is the torque acting on the bar magnet of moment M which is placed in a uniform field H making
an angle of 300 with the field?
a.MH
b.MH/2
c.MH/3
d.MH/
39. Which of the following statements is true about magnetic lines of force?
a.Magnetic lines of force are always closed.
b.Magnetic lines of force always intersect each other.
c.Magnetic lines of force tend to crowd far away from the poles of the magnet
d.Magnetic lines of force do not pass through the vacuum.

40. A material which is slightly repelled by a magnetic field is known as

a. Ferromagnetic material
b. Diamagnetic material
c. Paramagnetic material
d. Conducting material

VSA 2 MARKS EACH

–6
1. The susceptibility of magnetic materials is – 4.2×10 . Name the type of magnetic materials it
represents.
(b) State any two properties of the above type of materials
2. Draw magnetic field lines when a (i) diamagnetic (ii) paramagnetic substance is placed in an external
magnetic field.

3. The susceptibility of a magnetic material is 2.6x10 -5 . Identify the type of magnetic material.
(b) State any two properties of the above type of materials.
ANS. a) Paramagnetic
b) any two properties

4. Explain the following:

Why do magnetic field lines form continuous closed loops?
Why are the field lines repelled (expelled) when a diamagnetic material is placed in an external
uniform magnetic field?
5. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 1.5 JT–1 lies aligned with the direction of a uniform magnetic
field of 0.22 T.
What is the amount of work required by an external torque to turn the magnet so as to align its
magnetic moment
(i) normal to the field direction? And
(ii) opposite to the field direction?
(b) What is the torque on the magnet in cases (i) and (ii)?
6. A uniform magnetic field gets modified as shown below when two specimens X and Y are placed in
it. (i) Identify whether specimens X and Y are diamagnetic, paramagnetic or ferromagnetic.

(ii) How is the magnetic permeability of specimen X different from that of specimen Y?

7. A coil of ‘N’ turns and radius ‘R’ carries a current ‘I’. It is unwound and rewound to make a square coil
of side ‘a’ having same number of turns (N). Keeping the current ‘I’ same, find the ratio of the magnetic
moments of the square coil and the circular coil.

8. In what way is the behaviour of a diamagnetic material different from that of a paramagnetic, when kept
in an external magnetic field?
9. The figure shows the variation of intensity of magnetisation versus the applied magnetic field intensity,
H, for two magnetic materials A and B :

(a) Identify the materials A and B.

(b) Why does the material B, has a larger susceptibility than A, for a given field at constant
temperature?
10. Draw a graph showing variation between magnetizing field B and magnetic intensity H for a complete
cycle of magnetization and demagnetization of ferromagnetic material and show the portion of
retentivity and coercivity.
11. Magnetic field at an equatorial line at a distance of 10 cm from its centre due to a bar magnet is 0.48 x
10 – 4 T. (i) find the magnitude and direction of magnetic field at the same distance from the centre of
bar magnet at an axial line.
(ii) find the magnetic moment of the bar magnet.
12. Behaviour of magnetic field lines near two substance is shown by figures. Identify substance (a) and
(b). Also write the effect of temperature on susceptibility of these substance.

SA 3 MARKS EACH
1. Two similar bars, made from two different materials P and Q, are placed one by one, in a non-uniform
magnetic field. It is observed that a) bar P tends to move from the strong to the weak field region. b)
bar Q tends to move from the weak to the strong field region. Identify the magnetic material used for
making these two bars. Show with the help of diagrams, the behaviour of the field lines, due to an
external magnetic field, near each of these two bars
2.

(a) Identify the materials A and B.

(b) Why does the material B, have a larger susceptibility than A, for a given field at constant
temperature?
3. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 6 J/T is aligned at 600 with a uniform external magnetic field of
0·44 T. Calculate (a) the work done in turning the magnet to align its magnetic moment (i) normal to
the magnetic field,
(ii) opposite to the magnetic field,
and (b) the torque on the magnet in the final orientation in case (ii).

ANS-a.i)W=MB(cosƟi-cosƟf) =MB/2=1.32J
ii) W=MB(cosƟi-cosƟf) =3MB/2=3.96J
b. Torque=0

4. (a)Three curves are shown in figures. Indicate what magnetic substance they represent.

(b) Distinguish between diamagnetic and ferromagnetic substances in respect of (i) intensity of
magnetisation, (ii) susceptibility(iii)permeability.

5. Derive an expression for the torque experienced by a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field.
Hence write the expression for the potential energy of the dipole.
6. Define magnetic susceptibility of a material.
Name two elements, having positive susceptibility and the other having negative susceptibility. What
does negative susceptibility signify?

7. I) Which of the following substances are diamagnetic :

Bi, Na, Al , Cu, Ca, and Ni
II) Does a bar magnet exert a torque on itself due to its own field ?Justify your answer.
III)The susceptibility of a magnetic material is 0.9853, identify the type of magnetic material.
8. Distinguish between diamagnetic and ferromagnetic substances in respect of (i)intensity of
magnetisation (ii)behaviour in a non uniform magnetic field (iii)susceptibility.
9.
The figures given below show magnetic field lines wrongly (thick lines shown in the figure). Point out
what is wrong with them:

(a) (b) (c)

10.
A Solenoid has a core of material with relative permeability 400. The windings of the solenoid are
insulated from the core and carry a current of 2 A. If the number of turns is 1000 per metre, calculate
(i) magnetic intensity H (ii) Field of magnetization M
(iii) the total magnetic field B
11. A closely wound solenoid of 2000 turns and area of cross-section 1.6 x 10 – 4 m2, carrying a current
of 4 A , is suspended through its centre allowing it to turn in a horizontal plane.
(a) Calculate the magnetic moment associated with the solenoid.
(b) What is the force and torque on the solenoid if a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 7.5 x 10 – 2
T is set up at an angle of 30° with the axis of solenoid.
12. Draw the magnetic field lines for a current carrying solenoid when a rod made of (a) copper (b)
aluminium and (c) iron are inserted within the solenoid as shown.

CASE BASED QUESTIONS 4 MARKS

1. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions Magnetic materials: All substances exhibit
some type of magnetism. Magnetic materials are classified according to their bulk susceptibility.
Ferromagnetism is responsible for most of the effects of magnetism encountered in everyday life, but
there are actually several types of magnetism. Paramagnetic substances, such as aluminum and oxygen,
are weakly attracted to an applied magnetic field; diamagnetic substances, such as copper and carbon,
are weakly repelled; while antiferromagnetic materials, such as chromium and spin glasses, have a
more complex relationship with a magnetic field.
i.The susceptibility of a magnetic material is −0.085. Identify the type of magnetic material . (1 mark
)
ii. From the figure, identify the material suitable for making permanent magnet.(1 mark)

(iii) Why is soft iron preferred for making the core of electromagnet? (2marks)

OR
Suggest a method to move a device in Physics Lab without affecting the magnetic field. (2marks)

2. DOMAIN THEORY
The atom of a ferromagnetic material also possesses non-zero magnetic moment as in case of a
paramagnetic substance. However, due to a quantum mechanical effect, called exchange interaction,
an unpaired electron in one atom interacts strongly with the unpaired electron in the neighbouring
atom in such a way that they spontaneously align themselves in a common direction over a small
volume of the material. These small volumes of uniform magnetisation are called domains. Although
 domains are extremely small in size (~ 10-18 m3 in volume), yet each domain contains a large number
of atoms (~ 1011 atomic magnetic dipoles).

Q1. The domain formation is necessary feature of

a. Diamagnetic
b. Paramagnetic
c. Ferromagnetism
d. All of the above
Q2. Curie temperature is the temperature above which
a. A ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic
b. A paramagnetic material becomes diamagnetic
c. A ferromagnetic material becomes diamagnetic
d. A paramagnetic material becomes ferromagnetic.
Q3. What are domains?
Q4. What is the effect on orientation domains in ferromagnetic material when external magnetic field
is applied?
a. Decrease in size and changes orientation.
b. May increase or decrease in size and change its orientation.
c. Have no relation with external magnetic field
d. Increase in size but no change in orientation.

3. Magnetic phenomena are universal in nature. The science of magnetism grew from the observation
that a certain ore could attract small pieces of iron and point in a certain direction when kept on the
floating cork. The ore was originally found in the district of Magnesia in Asia Minor (now in western
Turkey) and therefore named magnetite. When iron filings are sprinkled on a sheet of glass placed
over a short bar magnet, a particular pattern is formed and the following conclusions are drawn
The bar magnet has poles similar to the positive and negative charge of an electric dipole.
One pole is designated as the north pole and the other as the south pole.
When suspended freely, these poles point approximately towards the geographic north and
south poles.
Like poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each other.
The poles of a magnet can never be separated.

Q1. State two important properties of magnetic field lines.

Q2. Draw magnetic field lines of a bar magnet.
Q3. Write the SI unit of (i) pole strength and (ii) magnetic moment of a bar magnet.
Q4. Define magnetic dipole moment. Give its SI unit.

4.
As shown in figure a solenoid where the wire is coiled around a cylinder, each wire loop in this coil acts as
if it was a separate circular wire carrying the same current I, the current in the coiled wire and the dense
enough array of such loops may be approximated by a cylindrical current sheet with the current density K =
I × (N/L) = I × L (loops) /solenoid length.

For simplicity, let’s assume a long solenoid (length ≫ diameter) which we approximate as infinitely long.
For a long solenoid (compared to its diameter), the magnetic field inside the solenoid is approximately
uniform and approximately parallel to the axis, except near the ends of the solenoid. Outside the solenoid,
 the magnetic field looks like the field of a physical dipole, with the North pole at one end of the solenoid
and the South pole at the other end and is approximately negligible.

I. Which of the following material can be used to make loops around the cylinder?
(a)Plastic (b) Glass
(c) Quartz (d) copper

II. The magnetic field inside the solenoid is

(a) Non-Uniform and parallel to the axis
(b) Uniform and parallel to the axis
(c) Non-uniform and perpendicular to the axis
(d) Uniform and perpendicular to the axis

III. A proton is moving from left to right direction and outside the solenoid, then what is the direction
of force on the proton?

(a) upwards (b) downwards

(c) proton will not deflect (d) inwards

IV. How the magnetic field inside the solenoid depends upon the number of turns?
(a) inversely proportional (b) directly proportional
(c) proportional to the number of turns (d) none of these

5. Every matter is formed of atoms, According to atomic model of magnetism, each atom is a complete
magnetic dipole. Each atom, consist of a positively charged small nucleus at the center and electrons revolve
around the nucleus in definite orbits. The motion of the electrons around the nucleus is identical to that of
earth around the sun. The electrons revolve around the nucleus in a definite orbit and the motion is called
orbital motion. The electron spins about its own axis and the motion is called spin motion, This spin motion
may be clockwise or anticlockwise. The magnetic moment is produce due to both orbital motion and spin
motion. However, most of the magnetic moment is produced due to spin motion and very small contribution
due to orbital motion.

I. The orbital magnetic moment due to orbital motion of electron is

(a) evr
(b) evr/2
 (c) evr/4
(d) none of these

II.The major part of magnetism is caused by

(a) spin motion
(b) orbital motion
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these

III. The primary origin(s) of magnetism is

(a) atomic currents
(b) Pauli exclusion principle
(c) intrinsic spin of electron
(d) both (a) and (c)

III. Bohr Magneton is defined as the magnetic moment associated with an electron due to its orbital
motion in the ______ orbit of hydrogen atom.
(a) Last
(b) Second
(c) First
(d) Zeroth
6. MAGNETISATION AND MAGNETIC INTENSITY
We have seen that a circulating electron in an atom has a magnetic moment. In a bulk material , these
moment add up vectorially and they can give a net magnetic moment which is non – zero. We define
𝒎
Magnetisation M of a sample to be equal to its net magnetic moment per unit volume. M = 𝑽 .
Consider a long solenoid of n turns per unit length and carrying a current I. The magnetic field in the
interior of the solenoid may be given by B0 = µ0 n I
If the interior of the solenoid is filled with a material with non – zero magnetization, the inside the
solenoid will be greater than B0 . The net field (B) in the interior of the solenoid may be expressed as
B = B0 + Bm where Bm is the field contributed by the material core. It turns out that this additional
field Bm is proportional to the magnetisation M of the material. It is convenient to introduce another
vector field H, called the magnetic intensity, which is defined by
𝑩
H = µ0 - M The graph shows the variation of intensity of magnetization (M) with strength of
applied magnetic field (H) for two magnetic materials P and Q.

Answer the following questions

(i) Identify the material P and Q .
(ii) For which material B is maximum.
(iii) For which material direction of Bm is opposite to direction of B0 .
(iv) Name the quantity which is known as the ratio of intensity of magnetization (M) to the
magnetizing field intensity (H).
7. PRRMANENT MAGNETS AND ELECTROMAGNETS.
 Substances which at room temperature retain their ferromagnetic property for a long period of time
are called permanent magnets. Permanent magnets can be made in a variety of ways like hammering,
rubbing etc.
An efficient way to make a permanent magnet is to place a ferromagnetic rod in a solenoid and pass a
current. The magnetic field of the solenoid magnetises the rod. The material should have high
retentivity and high coercivity.
Core of electromagnets are made of ferromagnetic materials which have high permeability and low
retentivity. In certain applications , the material goes through an ac cycle of magnetization for a long
period. This is the case in transformer cores and telephone diaphragms.
Answer the following question.
(i) Write two characteristics of of the material of permanent magnets.
(ii) Write one difference and one similarity between material of permanent magnet and core of
electromagnet.
(iii) When a ferromagnetic rod is inserted to make it a electromagnet the net magnetic field inside the
solenoid ……………….. (increases / decreases ).
LA ( 5MARKS)
1 (a) Draw the magnetic field lines due to a circular loop of area A carrying current I. Show that it acts
as a bar magnet of magnetic moment m=IA.
(b) Explain the following:
(i) Why do magnetic field lines form continuous closed loops?
(ii) Why are the field lines repelled (expelled) when a diamagnetic material is placed in an external
uniform magnetic field?
2 a) Show that a current carrying solenoid behaves as a small bar magnet.
b) A steady current of 2A flows through a circular coil having 5 turns of radius 7 cm. The coil lies in
X-Y plane with its centre at the origin. Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic dipole
moment of the coil
3
ANSWERS FOR MCQs

1. (d)
2. (d)
3. (b)
4. (c)
5. (d)
6. (a)
7. (b)
8. (a)
9. (a)
10. (c)
11. b) m′= m and M′= M/2
12. d) − 0.064 J
13. b) Attract N1 strongly, N2 weakly and repel N3 weakly
14. (a) (D) only
15. d) 0.1 m
16. b) Losses its magnetism
17. (a) decreases
18. b) qvR/2
19. a) Assertion is True, Reason is True, Reason is a correct explanation
20. c) Assertion is true, Reason is false
21. c. copper
22. b. Ferromagnetic domains get randomly arranged.
 23. b. Spin motion of the electrons only

24. b. From south pole to north pole.

25. d. 2:1
26. a. Paramagnetic
27. c. 𝑀⃗ × 𝐵⃗ .
28. c. Both translational and rotational
29. c. Partially filled inner sub shell
30. a. Diamagnetic
31. d
32. d
33. b
34. d
35. c
36. c
37. c
38. b
39. a
40. b
ANSWERS FOR VSA ( 2 MARKS)
1 ANS. a) Diamagnetic
b) any two properties

2 a. Diamagnetic
b. Paramagnetic

3 a) Paramagnetic
b) any two properties

4 Magnetic lines of force form continuous closed loops because a magnet is always a dipole and as a
result, the net magnetic flux of a magnet is always zero.
When a diamagnetic substance is placed in an external magnetic field, a feeble magnetism is induced
in opposite direction. So, magnetic lines of force are repelled
5 Here m=1.5J/T,
B=0.22T
(a) W=−m B(cosθ2−cosθ1)
(i) θ1=0° (along the field)
θ2=90° (perpendicular to the field)
W=−0.33(0−1)J =0.33 J
(ii) θ1=0°, θ2=180°
W=−1.5×0.22(cos180°−cos0°)=0.66 J
b)Torque =mBsinθ
(i) θ=90∘
⟹τ=0.33 Nm
(ii) τ=mBsin180∘
=0Nm

6 X is diamagnetic and
Y is ferromagnetic.
X is diamagnetic as it expels magnetic lines Y is paramagnetic or ferromagnetic as it pulls the
magnetic lines into it.

8 The affinity of the paramagnetic material towards an external magnetic field is much higher than a
diamagnetic material.
The magnetic field lines pass through the paramagnetic material while the magnetic field lines move
away from the diamagnetic material
9 (a) Material A is Paramagnetic. Material B is Ferromagnetic.
(b) Since paramagnetic substances have a tendency to pull in magnetic field lines when placed in a
magnetic field.
10
Value of B & H is not important only trend
of curve should be emphasised.

Retentivity - Ob Coercivity - oc

11 (i) 0.96 x 10 -4 T in the same direction of magnetic moment of the bar magnet
 (ii) 0.48 J/T
12 (a) Diamagnetic susceptibility is independent of temperature.
(b) Paramagnetic susceptibility decreases as increase in temperature.
ANSWERS FOR SA ( 3 MARKS)
1. a. Diamagnetic
b. Paramagnetic

2.
3. ANS-a.i)W=MB(cosƟi-cosƟf) =MB/2=1.32J
ii) W=MB(cosƟi-cosƟf) =3MB/2=3.96J
b. Torque=0

4. (a)(i) diamagnetic, (ii) Ferromagnetic, (iii) paramagnetic.

5. Magnetic Dipole in a Uniform Magnetic Field:

Consider a bar magnet of length 2l is placed in a uniform magnetic field B. Let m be the pole
strength of its each pole and the angle made by the magnetic axis of a bar magnet with the magnetic
field is θ

The force experienced by N-pole, =mB along B.

The force experienced by S-pole, = mB opposite to B
The force on two poles are equal and opposite. They form a couple and the moment of a couple(or
torque) is given by
ζ=Force×perpendicular distance
= mB×2lsinθ=(m×2l)sinθ=MB sinθ
Where M=B×2l, is called the magnetic dipole moment of a bar magnet.
Expression for Potential Energy:
U=- m.B=m B cosθ
 U=Magnetic potential energy
m =magnetic moment of the magnetic dipole
B = Magnetic field.

6. Magnetic susceptibility: It is defined as the intensity of magnetisation per unit magnetising field. It
has no unit. Iron has positive susceptibility while copper has negative susceptibility. Negative
susceptibility of a substance signifies that the substance will be repelled by a strong magnet or
opposite feeble magnetism induced in the substance
7. I. Bi and Cu are diamagnetic substances
II. A bar magnet does not exert a torque on itself due to its own field. This so because there is no
force or torque on an element due to its own field.
III. Given susceptibility χ = 0.9853 since susceptibility χ given is +ve and less than unity i.e.
χ magnetic material is paramagnetic material.
8.

) diamagnetic ferromagnetic

Intensity of
Negative and very small Positive and very large
magnetisation

Behaviour in non-uniform Attracted toward a region of Attracted toward a region of

magnetic field weaker magnetic stronger magnetic field.

Negative and Positive and large X of the order of

Susceptibility
small 0<X<∈∈ small quantity hundreds & thousands.

9. a) Wrong, because magnetic field lines do not cross one another.

b) Wrong, because magnetic lines of force never emanate from a single point as shown. The field
lines shown represent electric field of a single positive charge.
c) Wrong, magnetic field lines between two poles cannot be precisely straight at the ends. Some
deviation of lines is inevitable, otherwise, Ampere's law is violated. This is true also for electric field
lines.
10. (i) 2 x 103 A/m (ii) 8 x 105 A/m (iii) 1.0 T
2
11. (a) 1.28 A m (b) Net force = 0, torque = 0.048 Nm
12.

ANSWERS FOR CBQ ( 4 MARKS)

1. i) Diamagnetic material
(ii) Material A is ferromagnetic because here its slope is more. Hence material A is suitable for making
permanent magnet.
(iii) The core of electromagnet should have high permeability, low retentively and low coercively. Hence
soft iron used.
OR
 Keep the device in an iron cavity and move. Iron has high permeability hence it converges all the
magnetic field through it and the device will be safe
2. d.All the above
d. A paramagnetic material becomes ferromagnetic.
due to a quantum mechanical effect, called exchange interaction, an unpaired electron in one atom
interacts strongly with the unpaired electron in the neighbouring atom in such a way that they
spontaneously align themselves in a common direction over a small volume of the material. These
small volumes of uniform magnetisation are called domains.
b. May increase or decrease in size and change its orientation.
3. i) A magnetic field line is an imaginary curve, the tangent to which at any point gives the direction
of magnetic field B at that point.
The magnetic field lines of a magnet form a close-continuous loop.
Outside the body of the magnet, the direction of magnetic field lines are from the north pole to the
south pole.
No two magnetic field lines can intersect each other. This is because, at the point of intersection, we
can draw two tangents. This would mean two directions of the magnetic field at the same point,
which is not possible. ( Any two)
(ii)

iii)
SI unit of pole strength is ampere-metre and SI unit of magnetic moment is ampere meter2.
The magnetic moment is the product of current and area.
Magnetic momemt, M = c u r r e n t × A r e a = [ A m p e r e ] × [ m 2]
The SI unit of magnetic moment is A m2 .
4. I. (d) copper
II. (b) Uniform and parallel to the axis
II. (c) proton will not deflect
IV. (b) directly proportional
5. I. (b) evr/2
II. (a) spin motion
II. (d) both (a) and (c)
IV. (c) First
6. (i) P is paramagnetic and Q is ferromagnetic.
(ii) Ferromagnetic.
(iii) Diamagnetic.
(iv) Susceptibility or magnetic susceptibility.
7. (i) ferromagnetic material , high retentivity , high coercivity. (any two)
(ii) Difference – material of permanent magnet should have high retentivity and core of
electromagnet should have low retentivity.
Similarity – Both shoud have ferromagnetic material and high permeability.
(iii) increases.
KEY 5 MARKS
1

b)
Magnetic lines of force form continuous closed loops because a magnet is always a dipole and as a
result, the net magnetic flux of a magnet is always zero.
When a diamagnetic substance is placed in an external magnetic field, a feeble magnetism is induced
in opposite direction. So, magnetic lines of force are repelled.
2

(b)
3