සියලුම හිමිකම්ඇවිරිණි [All Rights Reserved]

fuu m%Yak m;%h ksis wjirhlska f;drj uqøs;j fyda msgm;a fldg ;nd .ekSu imqrd ;ykï

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iaÓ;s úoaHq;h – Past Papers Essay

2020 – A/L

1) ä*sì%f,agrh (defibrillor) hkq ffjoH WmlrKhla jk w;r th yDoHdndOhlska yoj;

wl¾uKH jQ frda.sfhl=f.a yojf;a ßoauhdKql+, rgdj kej; h:d ;;a;ajhg f.k tau
i|yd Ndú; lrkq ,nhs' fuu WmlrKfha we;s wdfrdams; Odß;%lhla b;du;a flá
ld,hloS úi¾ckh lr t;=< .nvd ù we;s wdfrdamK WmlrKhg iïnkaO lr we;s
bf,lafg%dav lÜg,hla u`.ska wê Yla;s úoHq;a lïmkhla f,i frda.shdf.a mmqj yryd
yoj;g ,ndfohs'

a) ä*sì%f,agrhla ;=< wdrïNfha 400 V úNj wka;rhlg wdfrdamKh fldg we;s Odß;%lhla
úi¾ckh lsÍfï oS yDo frda.sfhl=g 48 J Yla;s m%udKhla ,ndfohs'
i) Odß;%lhl .nvd ù we;s Yla;sh W i|yd m%ldYhla tys Odrkdj C iy Odß;%lh
yryd mj;sk úNj wka;rh V weiqfrka jHq;amkak lrkak'
ii) WmlrKfha we;s Odß;%lfha Odrkdj fldmuK o@
iii) Odß;%lh ;=< .nvd ù ;snQ wdfrdamK m%udKh .Kkh lrkak'
iv) by; (iii) fldgfiaoS .Kkh lrk ,o iïmQ¾K wdfrdamK m%udKh 12ms ld,hl
oS ksh; Odrdjla YÍrhg heùug m%udKj;a jQfha oehs Wml,amkh lr ksh; Odrdj
.Kkh lrkak'
v) by; (a)(iv) ys .Kkh lr Odrdj .uka lrk ,o ud¾.fha iM, m%;sfrdaOh
fldmuK o@
b)
i) iudka;r ;yvq Odß;%lhla mdrúoHq;a ksh;h k jQ udOhlska mqrjd we;' .jqiaf.a
kshuh Ndú; lrñka uOH ;=< úoHq;a lafIa;% ;Sj%;djh E i|yd m%ldYkhla
Odß;%lfha .nvd ù we;s wdfrdamKh Q, ;yvq j¾,M,h A, ksoyia wjldYfha
mdrfõoH;dj 𝜀0 iy k weiqfrka ,nd .kak'
ii) by; (a) fldgfiys i|yka wdfrdams; Odß;%lh mdrúoHq;a ksh;h k = 5000 jk
udOHfhys msÍ ;sfnk ;yvq j¾.M,h 80 cm2 jQ iudka;r ;yvq Odß;%lhla kï"
udOHfha úoHq;a lafIa;% ;Sj%;djfha w.h fldmuK o@ ksoyia wjldYfha
mdrfõoH;dj 𝜀0 = 9.0 × 10−12 𝐹𝑚−1 fõ'
iii) fuu Odß;%lfha ;yvq w;r mr;rh d ;SrKh lrkak'

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සියලුම හිමිකම්ඇවිරිණි [All Rights Reserved]

c)
i) frda.shd u; mokïj kshñ; Yla;shlska hq;= úoHq;a iamkaohla u`.ska iqÿiq lïmkhla
,nd oSu i|yd tla Odß;%lhla fjkqjg tla tla Odß;%lhla yryd 400 V iudk jdNj
wka;rhla iys; j by; (a) fldgfia i|yka lrk ,o Odß;%l 5 la tlsfklg
fYaKs.;j iïnkaO lr we;' fufia Odß;%l 5 la tlsfklg fY%aKs.;j iïnkaO
lsÍfuka miqj frda.sfhl=g ,nd osh yels Wmßu Yla;s m%udKh .Kkh lrkak'
ii) by; (a) fldgfia i|yka lr,o j¾.fha iudk OdrKdfjka hq;= Odß;%l 5 la 400
V úNj wka;rhla hgf;a iudka;rj iïnkaO l<fyd;a frda.sfhl=g iemhsh yels
Wmßu Yla;s m%udKh fldmuK o@
iii) by; (c)(i) iy (c)(ii) ys i|yka lr we;s fY%aKs.;j iy iudka;r.;j iïnkaO
lrk ,o Odß;%l w;=ßka by; ä*sì%f,agrh iy fYaKs.; iïnkaO;djh iqÿiq hehs
ks¾foaY lr we;' fya;= olajñka fuh fláfhka meyeos,s lrkak'
d)
i) ;=vq fyda ria j<¨ (corona) úi¾ck l%shdj,sh i|yd n,mdk idOl ,shkak'
ii) by; (b)(ii) ys i|yka udOHfhys ì| jeàfï úoHq;a lafIa;% ;Sj%;djh (break down
electric field intensity) 8.0  108 V m-1 kï" fuu Odß;%lhg ydks isÿfõ o@ fya;=
olajkak'
e) by; (b) ys i|yka Odß;%lhg wdrïNfha oS Q0 wdfrdamK m%udKhla we;s w;r tys úNj
wka;r w.h V0 fõ' 12 ms lg miqj we;s wdfrdamK m%udKh iy úNj wka;rh ms<sfj<ska"
0.37Q0 iy 0.37V0 kï fuu ld,dka;rh ;=< oS Odß;%lfha .nvd ù we;s Yla;s
m%udKfhka fldmuK m%;sY;hla frda.Shdg ksoyia lr ;sfí o@
[ (0.37)2 = 0.4 f,i .kak' ]

2015 – A/L

2' (a) wrh a jQ Rcq os. isyska is,skavrdldr ikakdhl A lïìhl tall os.lg +𝜆
wdfrdamKhla we;' lïìh fmdf<djg idfmalaIj Ok úNjhlg iïnkaO lsÍfuka fuh
m%dfhda.slj isÿ l< yels h'
^¸& lïìhg oS we;s wdfrdamKh fN!;slj mj;skafka l=uk ;ekl o@
^¸¸& lïìh jgd fhda.H .jqiSh mDIaGhla i,lñka" lïìfha wlaIfhys isg 𝑟 (≥ a) ÿrl
𝜆
oS E úoHq;a lafIa;%fha ;Sj%;djfhys úYd,;ajh 𝐸 = 2𝜋𝜀 𝑟 " u.ska fok nj fmkajkak'
0
fuys 𝜀0 hkq" ksoyia wjldYfhys mdrfõoH;dj fõ'
^¸¸¸& lïìfhys yrialvla we`o" th jgd iuúNj f¾Ld w`oskak'
^¸¹& a = 10 𝜇𝑚 iy 𝜆 = 8.1«10-8 C m-1 kï lïìfhys mDIaGh u; úoHq;a lafIa;%
;Sj%;djfhys úYd,;ajh .Kkh lrkak' ^𝜀0 ys w. 9«10-12 Fm-1 yd 𝜋 ys w.h 3 f,i
.kak'&
^¹& oeka fuu A lïìh" lvodis ;,hg ,ïnl
jQ o iu;, jQ o iuúNj mDIaG iys; jQ
taldldr úoHq;a lafIa;%hla we;s m%foaYhla
wdikakhg f.k tkq ,efí' lñnfha
wlaIh o lvodisfha ;,hg ,ïNl fõ'
rEmfha fmkajd we;s a, b, c, d, e iy f lv
bß u.ska ksrEmKh lrkq ,nkafka" by;
i`oyka l< iuúNj mDIaGj, yrialv
lvodisfha ;,h u; fmfkk wdldrhhs' fuu lv bß u.ska úÿHq;a lafIa;%hg wkqrEm

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සියලුම හිමිකම්ඇවිරිණි [All Rights Reserved]

iuúNj f¾Ld ksrEmKh lrkq ,nk w;r" iuúNj f¾Ldj,g wod< úNjhka o ^kV
j,ska&" rEmfha fmkajd we;' ´kEu iuúNj f¾Ld folla w;r mr;rh 2mm fõ'
fuu ieliqfï A lïìh fmdf<djg idfmalaIj Ok úNjhlg iïnkaO lr we;s
w;r th wefkdavhla f,i ie,lsh yels h'
^1& wefkdavh iy iuúNj f¾Ld Tnf.a W;a;r m;%hg msgm;a lr f.k" ;s;a u.ska
e iuúNj f¾Ldj u; i,l=Kq lr we;s ia:dkj, isg A wefkdav lïìh olajd
úoHq;a n, f¾Ld w`oskak'
^2& iuúNj f¾Ld folla w;r E0 úoHq;a lafIa;% ;Sj%;dj .Kkh lrkak'

(b) wê Yla;s wxY= iy f*dafgdak wkdjrKh lsÍu i`oyd fhdod .kakd ieleiaul fldgila
by; (a) (v) fldgfiys úia;r lrk ,o ieleiaug iudk fõ' A wefkdavfhys tall os.lg
+𝜆 = 8.1 × 10−8 𝐶 𝑚−1 wdfrdamKhla iys; jQ tjeks ieleiaula" ksIal%sh jdhqjlska
^wd.ka& msrjQ jdhqf.da,h mSvkfhys mj;sk l=àrhl ia:dms; lr we;s nj is;kak'
lsishï f*dafgdakhla l=àrhg we;=`M ù X ys oS wd.ka mrudKqjla iu`. .eà m%ldY
bf,lafg%dakhla iy wd.ka whkhla we;s lrk wjia:djla i,lkak' fujeks
bf,lafg%dakhla m%d:ñl bf,lafg%dakhla f,i ye`oskafõ' wd.ka jdhqj ;=< tjeks
bf,lafg%dak – whk hq.,hla ksmoùug wjYH Yla;sh 30 eV fõ'
^1 eV = 1.6 « 1019 J , bf,lafg%dakhl wdfrdamKh e = 1.6 « 10-19 C&
^¸& by; (a) (v) (1) ys i`oyka l< úoHq;a lafIa;%h ksid m%d:ñl m%ldY bf,lafg%dakhg
,efnk wdrïNl ;ajrKfha úYd,;ajh i`oyd m%ldYkhla m , e yd E0 weiqfrka
,shkak' fuys m yd e hkq ms<sfj<ska bf,lafg%dakialkaOh yd wdfrdamKh fõ'
^¸¸& bf,lafg%dakh ika;;slj ;ajrKh fkdù" A wefkdavh foig 𝜐𝑑 ma,dú; m%fõ.hlska
.uka lrkafka wehs oehs meyeos,s lrkak'
^¸¸¸& m%d:ñl bf,alafg%dakh ksYap,;djfha isg .uka wrUd by; (a) (v) (1) ys i`oyka l<
úoHq;a laFIa;%h Tiafia .uka lrkafka heXhs is;uq' wd.ka mrudKq iu`. isÿ jk wkqhd;
.egqï folla w;r m%d:ñl bf,lafg%dakh .uka lrk uOHkH ÿr 0.5𝜇𝑚 kï" .egqï
folla w;r úoHq;a lafIa;%h ksid m%d:ñl bf,lafg%dakfhys pd,l Yla;sfha jeä ùu
eV j,ska .Kkh lr" fuu Yla;h s iys; m%d:ñl bf,lafg%dakhg ;j;a wd.ka
mrudKqjl .eàfuka ;j;a bf,lafg%dakhla bj;a lsÍug fkdyels nj fmkajkak'
^wd.ka mrudKqjlska bf,lafg%dakhla bj;a lsÍu i`oyd bf,lafg%dakhlg wjYH Yla;sh
30 eV f,i i,lkak'&

^¸¹& fuu m%d:ñl bf,lafg%dakh wefkdavh wdikak jQ úg th by; (a) (ii) ys i`oyka lrk
,o m%ldYkfhka fokq ,nk wê úoHq;a lafIa;%hl n,mEug yiq fõ' fuu ;;a;aj
hgf;a oS m%d:ñl bf,lafg%dakh .egqï w;r;=re bf,lafg%dak – whk hq., we;s lsÍug
;rï m%udKj;a Yla;shla ,nd .kakd w;r fuf,i ksmofjk oaú;Shsl bf,la fg%dak
bkslaì;sj wefkdavfhys tl;= ùug fmr ;j;a bf,lafg%dak – whk hq., ksmojhs' fï
wdldrhg m%d:ñl bf,lafg%dakhla u`.ska ksmojk iïmQ¾K oaú;Shsl bf,lafg%dak
ixLHdj jdhqj i`oyd j¾Ol idOlh f,i ye`oskafõ' wefkdav lïìh u.ska wdfrdamK
tla/ia lsÍfï yelshdj thg Odß;djfha .=K we;s nj fmkakqï lrhs' fuu Odß;dj
wkdjrlfha Odß;dj f,i y`ÿkajhs' wefkdavh u.ska wdfrdamK tla/ia l< úg fuu
Odß;%lh yryd l=vd fjda,aàh;djla W;amdokh fõ' wkdjrlfha Odß;dj 5pF iy
m%d:ñl bf,lafg%dakh u.ska we;s jQ oaù;Shsl bf,lafg%dak ksid Odß;%lh yryd
W;amdokh jQ fjda,aàh;dj 0.96mV kï" wefkdavh u.ska tla/ia l< wdfrdamKh
fidhkak'
^¹& tkhska" jdhqj i`oyd j¾Ol idOlh fidhkak'

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සියලුම හිමිකම්ඇවිරිණි [All Rights Reserved]

2009 – A/L

3' we;eï mß.Kl uqøK hka;% u.ska uqøKh lrk wl=re" b,lalï" rEm hkdosh tlsfklg
hka;ñka .Efjk b;d l=vd jD;a;dldr ;s;a úYd, ixLHdjlska iukaú; fõ' idudkHfhka
uqøK hka;%hl .=Kd;aulNdjh m%%ldY lsrSug talSh os.l uqøKh lrkq ,nk tjeks ;s;a
ixLHdj Ndú; lrkq ,efí' tjeks uqøK hka;%hl ;Ska; uqod yerSfï ls%hdj,sfha wod<
fldgia muKla oelafjk ir, lrk ,o moaO;shl rEm igykla ^1& rEmfha oelafõ' m%Yak
j,g ms<s;=re iemhSfïoS ^1& rEmfha fmkajd we;s ñkqï wjYH úg Ndú; lrkak'

^1& rEmfha fmkajd we;s mßos ;Ska; ì|s;s úoskh

uqøKh l< hq;= lvodish foig WodiSk"
f.da,dldr" ;Ska; ì|s;s m%jdyhla ksl=;a lrk w;r
moaO;sfha WÑ; p,khka u.ska uqøKh isÿ fõ'
lvodish u; wCIr" b,lalï iy rEm uqøKh i|yd
fuu ì|s;sj,ska iuyrla muKla lvodisfha .eàug ie,eiaúh hq;= w;r" wfkla ì|s;s
lvodishg <Õdùu je<elaúh hq;= h' lvodisfha .eàï je<elaúh hq;= ;Ska; ì|s;s muKla
bf,lafg%dksl úoskhla Ndú;fhka wdfrdamKh lr iudka;r ;yvq hq.,hla u.ska we;s
flfrk úoHq;a lafIa;%hlska tu ì|s;s mS,a,la ;=<g W;al%uh lsrSfuka fuh isÿlrkq ,efí'

(a) (i) ;Ska; ì|s;s úoskfhka ksl=;a lrk f.da,dldr tla tla ì|s;a;g 𝐷 úYalïNhla
we;ehs o" tla ì|s;a;la lvodish u; .eàfïoS 𝐷g jvd 25] la úYd, úIalïNhla
iys; jD;a;dldr ;s;la idokafka hehs o Wml,amkh lrkak' uqøK hka;%hg
fikaáógrhg ;s;a 200la uqøKh lsrSug yelsùu i|yd 𝐷g ;sìh hq;= w.h
fidhkak'

(ii) ;Ska; ì|s;s úoskfhka 20 𝑚 𝑠 −1 m%fõ.hlska ;sriaj lvodish foig ì|s;s úoskq
,nhs' WodiSk ;Ska; ì|s;a;la ;Ska; ì|s;s úoskfha isg 4𝑚𝑚 ÿrlska isriaj ;nd
we;s lvodisfha .efgk úg .=re;ajh ksid tys we;s jk isria úia:dmkh .Kkh
lrkak' tu isria úia:dmkh lvodish u; uqøKh jk ;s;l úIalïNhg jvd
b;d l=vd nj fmkajkak'

(b) mS,a,g wm.ukh l< hq;= tla tla ì|s;a; ;=<g bf,lafg%dak úoskfhka iqÿiq ;;a;aj
hgf;a b;d mgq bf,lafg%dak loïnhla .eàug ie,eiaùu u.ska tajdg −1.6𝑥10−10 𝐶
l wdfrdamKhla fokq ,efí' 50𝑉 l úNj wka;rhla iudka;r ;yvq w;rg fhdod
we;'

4
සියලුම හිමිකම්ඇවිරිණි [All Rights Reserved]

(i) ì|s;s ^2& rEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg bf,lafg%dak

loïnh miqlr hkafka kï ì|s;a;lg bf,lafg%dak
loïnh miq lr hdug .; jk ld,h fidhkak'

(ii) ì|s;af;a >Ügkh jk ish¨u bf,lafg%dak ì|s;af;a mDIaGh u; talldrj jHdma;

jkafka hehs Wml,amkh lr wdfrdamK ls%hdj,sfha oS bf,lafg%dak úoskfhka
ksl=;a jk bf,lafg%dak ksid we;sjk Odrdj .Kkh lrkak'

(c) (i) iudka;r ;yvq w;r úoHq;a lafIa;% ;Sj%;dj fidhkak'

(ii) úoHq;a lafIa;%fha osYdj úh hq;af;a l=ula o@

(d) wdfrdams; ì|s;a;l ialkaOh

4.0𝑥10−11 𝑘𝑔 f,i oS we;' wdfrdams;
ì|s;s ^3& rEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg
mS,a,g fl<skau .uka lsrSu i|yd mS,a,
;sri iu. iEosh hq;= fldaKh (𝜃)
fidhkak' ^.=re;ajfha n,mEu
fkdi,ld yßkak'&